Aleppo
HIAST
Introduction to Systems Engineering
Section : 1
Course : Systems Engineering
COURSE
Systems Engineering
Release 1.0 (2014)
Dr. Eng. L. Alhomsi
Ms. Eng. M. Aoad
Aleppo
Introduction to Systems Engineering
HIAST
Section : 1
Course : Systems Engineering
Table of contents
Section 1 : Introduction To Systems Engineering
Systems Engineering (SE) Definition
Issues of Systems Engineering
Systems Engineering Standards
Section 2 : Key Concepts of Systems Engineering
Section 4 : Systems Engineering Process
(SEP)
Requirements Analysis
Functional Analysis
Design Synthesis
System Analysis & Control
System Concept
System Life Cycle
SE , PM and Enterprise.
Systems Engineering Process (SEP)
Breakdown structures
Plans and Schedules
Configuration Management
Interface Management
Risk Management
Data & Documents Management
Section 3 : System Life Cycle Stages
System Definition
Preliminary Design
Detailed Design
Fabrication, Assembly, Integration and
Test (FAIT)
Production/Support
Section 5 : Systems Engineering Management
Technical measures (Metrics)
Aleppo
HIAST
Introduction to Systems Engineering
Section : 1
Course : Systems Engineering
Systems Engineering (SE) Definition
Section 1 : Introduction To Systems Engineering
Systems Engineering (SE) Definition
Issues of Systems Engineering
Systems Engineering Standards
Definitions
Typical SE Definitions
Systems Perspectives
Aleppo
HIAST
Introduction to Systems Engineering
Section : 1
Course : Systems Engineering
Systems Engineering (SE) Definition
Definitions :
Engineering is the application of science
to develop, design, and produce logical and/or physical objects
such as buildings, machines, or a computer program
to fulfill a desired need or to achieve an objective.
(SMC Systems Engineering Primer & Handbook, Space & Missile Systems Center, U.S. Air Force 2005)
/ :
Engineering is the application of scientific, economic, social, and practical knowledge
in order to design, build, and maintain structures, machines, devices, systems, materials
and processes.
)Wikipedia(
:
Aleppo
HIAST
Introduction to Systems Engineering
Section : 1
Course : Systems Engineering
Systems Engineering (SE) Definition
Typical SE Definitions:
Systems Engineering : A methodical, disciplined approach
for the design, realization, technical management, operations, and retirement
of a system. (SE NASA HBK 2007).
. :
Systems Engineering : An interdisciplinary approach encompassing the entire technical effort
to evolve and verify
an integrated and life-cycle balanced set of system people, product, and process solutions
that satisfy customer needs. (EIA Standard 632)
:
.
Aleppo
HIAST
Introduction to Systems Engineering
Section : 1
Course : Systems Engineering
Systems Engineering (SE) Definition
Typical SE Definitions:
Systems Engineering : An interdisciplinary approach
to creating large, complex systems
that meet a defined set of business and technical requirements.
(Cathleen Shamieh, Systems Engineering For Dummies, 2011, Wiley Publishing, Inc)
Aleppo
HIAST
Introduction to Systems Engineering
Section : 1
Course : Systems Engineering
Systems Engineering (SE) Definition
Systems Perspectives:
Systems thinking is a way of understanding reality that emphasizes the relationships among a
system's parts, rather than the parts themselves. (Pegasus Communications)
:
Systems thinking is a holistic approach to analysis that focuses on the way that a system's
constituent parts interrelate and how systems work over time and within the context of larger
systems. (SearchCIO)
:
Systems thinking has been defined as an approach to problem solving, by viewing "problems" as
parts of an overall system, rather than reacting to specific part, outcomes or events.
(Wikipedia)
, , :
Aleppo
HIAST
Introduction to Systems Engineering
Section : 1
Course : Systems Engineering
Systems Perspectives:
Engineering Systems is an interdisciplinary academic and research devoted to addressing
large-scale, complex engineering challenges within their socio-political context.
Aleppo
HIAST
Introduction to Systems Engineering
Section : 1
Course : Systems Engineering
Systems Engineering (SE) Definition
Systems Perspectives:
Search for common
understanding and
influent factors
Consideration of
Methodologies
Concentrate on
processes
Solve problems in order
To meet requirements
Solve complex technical Concentrate on
problems
product processes
Systems engineering
Integrate policy, human
resources and technical
Issues
Solve complex
interdisciplinary
technical, social and
management issues
Engineering systems
Concentrate on
processes and
product
Systems thinking
Aleppo
HIAST
Introduction to Systems Engineering
Section : 1
Course : Systems Engineering
Systems Engineering (SE) Definition
Software Engineering:
In case of complex software products and IT systems, there are special software engineering
standards:
MIL-STD 498 (1994)
ISO/IEC 12207 (1995)
IEEE/EIA 12207 (1998)
For most projects, Software engineering is part of the SE
)(
Aleppo
HIAST
Introduction to Systems Engineering
Section : 1
Course : Systems Engineering
Systems Engineering (SE) Definition
Concurrent Engineering:
Concurrent engineering definition:*
CE is a management and engineering philosophy for improving quality and reducing costs and lead
time from product conception to product development for new products and product modifications
[Creese, R. and L. Moore, "Cost Modeling for Concurrent Engineering," Cost Engineering, Vol. 1,
1990, pp. 113-124]
. :
* Susan Carlson Skalak, Implementing Concurrent Engineering in Small Companies, Copyright 2002 by Marcel Dekker, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Aleppo
HIAST
Introduction to Systems Engineering
Section : 1
Course : Systems Engineering
Systems Engineering (SE) Definition
CE design process attributes:
Customer focus and involvement,
Early and continual involvement of suppliers in the design process,
Cross-functional, self-directed, empowered teams,
Incremental sharing and use of information ,
Life-cycle focus,
Systematic and integrated approach,
Concurrent (parallel) design teams,
Early use of Design for X (DFX) tools, DXF
Use of modern tools such as CAE, CAD, CAM, finite element analysis, etc.,
Continuous improvement of all processes
, ,
* Susan Carlson Skalak, Implementing Concurrent Engineering in Small Companies, Copyright 2002 by Marcel Dekker, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Aleppo
HIAST
Introduction to Systems Engineering
Systems Engineering (SE) Definition
Section : 1
Course : Systems Engineering
Aleppo
HIAST
Introduction to Systems Engineering
Section : 1
Course : Systems Engineering
Issues of Systems Engineering
Section 1 : Introduction To Systems
Engineering
Systems Engineering (SE) Definition
Issues of Systems Engineering
Systems Engineering Standards
SE as an Engineering Discipline
Systems Engineering as profession
Role of Systems Engineering
Owners of Systems Engineering activities
Systems Engineering Fields
Aleppo
HIAST
Introduction to Systems Engineering
Section : 1
Course : Systems Engineering
Issues of Systems Engineering
SE as an Engineering Discipline
Scientific Foundations
Applied mathematics
Qualitative modeling
Data modeling
Process modeling
Quantitative modeling
Behavioral modeling
Feedback and control
Modeling and Simulation
Trade-off modeling
Physical modeling
Prototypes for requirements
Usability testing
Prototypes for interface
resolution
Integration/qualification
Karl Arunski, P.E. & Others Systems Engineering Discipline, International Council On Systems Engineering, Presented
at WMA Chapter Meeting 2/8/00
Aleppo
HIAST
Introduction to Systems Engineering
Section : 1
Course : Systems Engineering
Issues of Systems Engineering
SE as an Engineering Discipline
Body of Knowledge
Problem definition
Concept of operations
System boundaries
Objectives hierarchy
Originating requirements
Concurrent engineering
System life cycle phases
Integration/Qualification
Architectures
Functional/Logical
Physical/Operational
Interface
Trades
Concept-level
Risk management
Key performance parameters
Others
Planning and scheduling
Quality
Human resources
Aleppo
HIAST
Introduction to Systems Engineering
Section : 1
Course : Systems Engineering
Issues of Systems Engineering
Systems Engineering as profession:
The recognized need for systems engineering in industry and government has spurred the
establishment of a number of academic programs offering masters degrees and doctoral degrees in
systems engineering. An increasing number of universities are offering undergraduate degrees in
systems engineering as well.*
The recognition of systems engineering as a profession has led to the formation of a professional
society, the International Council on Systems Engineering (INCOSE), one of whose primary
objectives is the promotion of systems engineering, and the recognition of systems engineering as a
professional career. *
) (
* SYSTEMS ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES A.Kossiakof & Others 2ed
Aleppo
HIAST
Introduction to Systems Engineering
Section : 1
Course : Systems Engineering
Issues of Systems Engineering
Role of Systems Engineering:
Development of system solutions by a disciplined process focusing on What to do for
success, not How to do.
Simultaneous (Synchronous) product and process development.
A common basis for communication among Teamworks, Stakeholders and Developers.
A comprehensive (total) system perspective.
Develop a total system design balanced solution with cost, schedule, performance, and risk
Generate and track technical information needed for decision making
Verify technical solutions to satisfy customer requirements
Applied throughout life cycle
Aleppo
HIAST
Introduction to Systems Engineering
Section : 1
Course : Systems Engineering
Issues of Systems Engineering
Owners of Systems Engineering activities :
Owner
Requirements Owner
System Designer
System Analyst
Validation and Verification Engineer
Logistics and Operations Engineer
Glue Among Subsystems owner
Customer Interface owner
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Technical Manager
Information Manager
Process Engineer
Coordinator
System programmer
.No
S.A. Sheard TWELVE SYSTEMS ENGINEERING ROLES, 1996 INCOSE Symposium. INCOSE 1-800-366-1164
10
11
12
Aleppo
HIAST
Introduction to Systems Engineering
Section : 1
Course : Systems Engineering
Issues of Systems Engineering
Owners of Systems Engineering activities :
Description
Owner
.No
Requirements Owner
System Designer
System Analyst
Verification and
Validation Engineer
Requirements Manager, Allocator, Maintainer
Specifications Writer or Owner ;
Developer of Functional Architecture
Developer of System and Subsystem Requirements From Customer Needs
Owner of System Product
Chief Engineer
System Architect
Developer of Design Architecture
Specialty Design Engineer
Keepers of the Holy Vision [Boehm 94]
Performance Modeler
Keeper of Technical Budgets
System Modeler and Simulator
Risk Modeler
Specialty Engineer
VV Engineer
Test Engineer
Test Planner
Owner of System Test Program
S.A. Sheard TWELVE SYSTEMS ENGINEERING ROLES, 1996 INCOSE Symposium. INCOSE 1-800-366-1164
Aleppo
HIAST
Introduction to Systems Engineering
Section : 1
Course : Systems Engineering
Issues of Systems Engineering
Owners of Systems Engineering activities :
Owner
Logistics, Operations, Maintenance, and Disposal Engineer
Developer of Users Manuals and Operator Training Materials
Logistics and
Operations Engineer
Glue Among
Subsystems
Customer Advocate
Customer Surrogate
Customer Contact
Customer Interface
Planner, Scheduler, and Tracker of Technical Tasks
Owner of Risk Management Plan
Product Manager
Product Engineer
Technical Manager
.No
Description
Seeker of Issues That Fall in the Cracks
System Integrator
Owner of Internal Interfaces
Risk Identifier
Technical Conscience of the Program [Fisher 92]
S.A. Sheard TWELVE SYSTEMS ENGINEERING ROLES, 1996 INCOSE Symposium. INCOSE 1-800-366-1164
Aleppo
HIAST
Introduction to Systems Engineering
Section : 1
Course : Systems Engineering
Issues of Systems Engineering
Owners of Systems Engineering activities :
.No
Description
Owner
Configuration Management
Data Management
Process Metrics (earned cost, waste, # of engineering changes, % of drawings
completed, % of lines codes completed, % of rework, idle time, (
Information Manager
Business Process Reengineer
Business Analyst
Owner of the Systems Engineering Process
Process Engineer
10
Coordinator of the Disciplines
Head of Integrated Product Teams (IPTs)
System Issue Resolver
Coordinator
11
Database developers
Software and network programmers
Modeling languages programmers
System programmer
12
S.A. Sheard TWELVE SYSTEMS ENGINEERING ROLES, 1996 INCOSE Symposium. INCOSE 1-800-366-1164
Aleppo
HIAST
Introduction to Systems Engineering
Issues of Systems Engineering
Systems engineer vs. Specialized engineer:
Section : 1
Course : Systems Engineering
Aleppo
HIAST
Introduction to Systems Engineering
Course : Systems Engineering
Section : 1
Systems Engineering Standards
Section 1 : Introduction To Systems Engineering
Systems Engineering (SE) Definition
Issues of Systems Engineering
Systems Engineering Standards
Definitions
Most known Engineering Standards
Owners of Systems Engineering activities
SE Application Recommendations
Aleppo
HIAST
Introduction to Systems Engineering
Section : 1
Course : Systems Engineering
Systems Engineering Standards
Definitions : :
Standard : A document that establishes engineering and technical requirements for
processes, procedures, practices, and methods that have been adopted as standard.
[FAA (Federal Aviation Administration), 2006, SEM 4.3]
: ( )( )
Standard : A document that establishes engineering and technical requirements for
products, processes, procedures, practices, and methods that have been decreed by
authority or adopted by consensus.
[Naval Air Systems Command, SE Guide, 2003]
Aleppo
HIAST
Introduction to Systems Engineering
Section : 1
Course : Systems Engineering
Systems Engineering Standards
Most known Engineering Standards:
Standard
Year
MIL-STD-499A
1974
DOD (Department Of Defense) Systems Engineering
MIL-STD-499B
1992
DOD (Department Of Defense) Systems Engineering
EIA/IS 632
1994
Interim Standard and a commercialized version of MIL-STD-499B
( )
Supersedes MIL-STD-499A(1974)
The Systems Engineering Capability Assessment Model
SECM
(EIA/IS 731)
1996
EIA-632
1999
DoD 5000.2-R
Description
2002
by INCOSE (International Council on Systems Engineering), Superseded by
CMMI
Processes for Engineering a System
Developed by EIA (Electronic Industries Alliance) and INCOSE , with accordance with ANSI
(American National Standards Institute)
Mandatory Procedures for Major Defense Acquisition Programs
(MDAPs) and Major Automated Information System (MAIS)
Acquisition Programs, April 5, 2002
DoDD 5000.01
2003 DoD Directive The Defense Acquisition System, May, 2003
DoDI 5000.02
2008
DoD Instruction Operation of the Defense Acquisition System ,
December, 2008
Aleppo
HIAST
Introduction to Systems Engineering
Section : 1
Course : Systems Engineering
Systems Engineering Standards
Most known Engineering Standards:
Standard
Year
Description
Systems Engineering Fundamentals,
DSMC/DAU SE
2001
MIL-STD-499C
2005
DOD Draft Systems Engineering Standard
Application and Management of the Systems Engineering Process
IEEE-1220
2005
By IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) and collaboration with ISO ,
INCOSE and IEC. It explains use of IEEE Std 1220 with ISO/IEC 15288(2002)
Def Stan 21-59
Issue 2
2006
NASA SE HBK
2007
ISO/IEC
15288:2008
2008
Defense Systems Management College, Defense Acquisition University
Systems Engineering Guide for Naval Combat Systems
NASA Systems Engineering Handbook
It is a guidance and information on systems engineering that will be useful to the NASA
community
The ISO standard for Systems and software engineering
System life cycle processes.
By ISO and IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) and IEEE
CMMI V1.3
2010
INCOSE V3.2.2
2011
Capability Maturity Model Integration SM (CMMI)
Government/industry consortium with SEI(Software Engineering Institute of Carnegie Mellon
University)
INCOSE Systems Engineering Handbook, a guide for system life cycle
processes and activities, v. 3.2.2
Aleppo
HIAST
Introduction to Systems Engineering
Section : 1
Systems Engineering Standards
Most known Engineering Standards:
Course : Systems Engineering
Aleppo
HIAST
Introduction to Systems Engineering
Section : 1
Course : Systems Engineering
Systems Engineering Standards
Most known Engineering Standards:
Level of Detail
IEEE 1220
EIA 632
ISO/IEC 15288
Technical
Project
Agreement
Enterprise
John O. Clark Systems Engineering and Software Engineering Processes, Products, and People from a Standards Perspective
Systems and Software Technology Conference 2007
Breadth of Scope
Aleppo
HIAST
Introduction to Systems Engineering
Section : 1
Course : Systems Engineering
Systems Engineering Standards
SE Application Recommendations:
Establish your own literature library of SE (eBooks, articles, known standards, handbooks,
guidelines, templates) in form of digital files and paper printed.
Focus on 3 to 5 most known standards and read them in order to understand and perform
comparisons (differences and similarities).
Select the most suitable standard as reference standard for your projects.
Prepare your own draft standard based on tailoring the above mentioned standards.
Prepare your own templates (SEMP, IMP, IMS, RiskP, Technical reviews Requirements definition
doc., .).
Apply your draft standard on a pilot project.
Refine your draft standard and templates.
Map to and from the known standards
Consult SE specialists
) (
( ) 5-3
( )
Aleppo
Lecture : 1.3
HIAST
Introduction to Systems Engineering
Systems Engineering Standards
Section : 1
Course : Systems Engineering
