REPORT
Labvolt Configuration
Date Completed: January 20, 2015
ELR212 Process Control
Clara Dourado & Rafael Carvalho
Students
Frank Musso
Professor
Labvolt Configuration
Hook the Labvolt as shown
4 to 20 ma
Calibrator
Labvolt
Controller
12 ma
_
+
250
ohms
Input 1
Output 1
3 volts
Voltmeter
Log on to the computer. Select the labvolt program (Labprosim)
Select Continue
In main menu click on processor
Select (Work with process control trainer)
Select Continue
Interface Unit
3
Configure the Labvolt trainer
From main menu select Setup
Select (Configure analog inputs)
Configure analog input one
Description (PV)
Maximum (100)
Minimum . (0)
Units
.. (%)
Filt time constant (.75)
Select
.. 1 to 5 volts
Make sure (extract square root) is not selected
Go to file select accept setup and return to trainer)
Select (YES)
Note: Do not use the X to exit the window. This may cause you to loose some of your
settings.
From main menu go to Setup
Select (Interface 9065-10)
From main menu go to Setup
Select (Comm Port 1)
From main menu go to Setup
Select (Enable Communication)
Light on interface box should start flickering
From main menu go to Setup
Select Sampling rate and set it to 1500
From main menu go to Trend
Select Set Point Analog Input 1 and Analog output 1 to trend
Record the colours of the trends
On controller face plate, find the man/auto switch
In manual mode only the operator is allowed to change the output of the controller
To change the output click on the numerical value to the right of the controller output
meter. In the dialog box, enter the value of the output, and then hit OK. The output
will go to that value.
4
To enter the tuning parameters and set point value, go to main menu and select
Controller
Selecting the tuning constants will bring up the tuning window for the PID
Select set point and in the set point window click Set Point Tracking this means that
in manual mode only the set point will be the same value as the PV (the value from your
4 to 20 ma calibrator).
What are the tuning parameters for the lab volt trainer?
Proportional PB [ X ]
or
Integral min/repeats [ X ] or
gain [ ]
repeats/ min [ ]
To turn off the Integral, type 100 for the reset value
To turn off the Derivative type in 0
TUNING
THE (LABVOLT)
CONTROLLER
Open Loop Tuning Part A
PURPOSE:
To illustrate the effects of PID on an open loop controller
The PV will remain at 50 % the PV is the input from the 4 to 20 ma calibrator
NOTE: LEAVE CONTROLLER IN MANUAL
Step 1: Adjust the output (V) for 50%, the set (SP) point 50%, and the input (PV)
for 50%
Note:
The labvolt controller set point will automatically follow the
process when in manual.
PV = Process Variable
SP = Set Point
V = Output to the valve
Proportional Only Controller
Note:
WITH CONTROLLER IN MANUAL PROCEED WITH THE
FOLLOWING STEPS
Step 1
Set up the controller as shown in the diagram above
Step: 2
Detune the controller by setting the GAIN (P) to 1 or ( P.B. to 100% )
Step: 3
Record the values observed in the space below. (they should all be at 50%)
PV ____48.5__%
SP ____50____%
V ______50_____%
Place the controller into AUTO and adjust the SP from 50 % to 60%
Note the value of the output and record the values observed in the space
below.
PV __48.5_____%
SP 60%
V ____61_____%
Graph the result in the graph provided. Place PV, SP and output at 50%
Step: 4
Bring the SP down to 40%.
Note the value of the PV and V and record the values observed in the space
below.
PV ____48.5____%
SP 40%
V ___41____%
Graph the result in the graph provided
Set Point from
Set Point from 50 % to 60%
100
90
.
100
90
.
80
80
70
70
%
60
Change
50 % to 40%
60
%
Change 50
50
40
40
30
.
30
.
20
20
Step 10
5
10
0
0
5
10
15
Time in Seconds
20
5
10
15
Time in Seconds
20
7
Change the mode back to manual. Place PV, SP and output at 50%
Set the GAIN (P) to 2.0 (P.B. 50%)
Set the output (V) while still in manual mode to 50 %.
Now switch to Auto Mode.
Record the values observed in the space below. (They should all be at 50%)
PV ___48.5____%
SP __48.5__%
V ____50_____%
Place the controller into AUTO and adjust the SP to 60%.
Note the value of the output and record the values observed in the space
below.
PV __48.5____%
SP 60%
V ____73_____%
Graph the result in the graph provided. Place PV, SP and output at 50%
Step: 6
Now bring the SP down to 40%.
Note the value of the PV and V and record the values observed in the space
below.
PV ___48.5____%
SP 40%
V ____33.5____%
Graph the result in the graph provided
Set Point from
Set Point from 50 % to 60%
100
90
.
100
90
.
80
80
70
70
%
60
Change
50 % to 40%
60
%
Change 50
50
40
40
30
.
30
.
20
20
10
10
0
0
5
10
15
Time in Seconds
20
5
10
15
Time in Seconds
20
8
Step 7
Change the mode back to manual. Place PV, SP and output at 50%
Set the GAIN (P) to .5 (P.B. 200%)
Set the output (V) while still in manual mode to 50 %.
Now switch to Auto Mode
Record the values observed in the space below. (They should all be at 50%)
PV ___48.5___%
Step 8
SP ___48.5___%
V _____50_____%
Place the controller into AUTO and adjust the SP to 60%.
Note the value of the output and record the values observed in the space
below.
PV ___48.5___%
SP 60%
V ____55.6____%
Graph the result in the graph provided. Place PV, SP and output at 50%
Step: 9
Bring the SP down to 40%
Note the value of the PV and V and record the values observed in the space
below.
PV ___48.5____%
SP 40%
V ___45.5____%
Graph the result in the graph provided
Set Point from
Set Point from 50 % to 60%
100
90
.
100
90
.
80
80
70
70
%
60
Change
50 % to 40%
60
%
Change 50
50
40
40
30
.
30
.
20
20
10
10
0
0
5
10
15
Time in Seconds
20
5
10
15
Time in Seconds
20
Proportional + Integral Controller
Step 10
Change the mode back to manual. Place PV, SP and output at 50%
Set the GAIN (P) to 1.0 (P.B. 100%)
Now Add INTEGRAL (reset) of 1 one minute per repeat
Set the output (V while still in manual mode to 50 %).
Have a watch or timer ready and switch to Auto Mode.
Record the values observed in the space below. (They should all be at 50%)
PV ___48.5____%
SP ___48.5____%
V ____51.5____%
Place the controller into AUTO and adjust the SP to 60%.
Note: the value of the output and record the values observed in the space
below.
PV ____48.5____%
SP 60%
V ____73_____%
Wait for 1 minute after step 10 is completed. What did you observe (notice) with
the output (V)?
The output variable changed 13% around of a minute.
Set Point from 50 % to 60%
100
90
.
80
70
%
60
Change
50
40
30
.
20
10
0
0
30
60
90
120
Time in Seconds
Step 11
Change the mode back to manual. Place PV, SP and output at 50%
Without changing any tuning parameters adjust the setpoint to 50%
Set the output (V while still in manual mode to 50 %).
Have a watch or timer ready and switch to Auto Mode.
Record the values observed in the space below. (They should all be at 50%)
10
PV ___48.5____%
SP ___48.5____%
V ___50___%
Place the controller into AUTO and adjust the SP to 40%.
Note: the value of the output and record the values observed in the space
below.
PV ___48.5___%
SP 40%
V ___32___%
Wait for 1 minute after step 11 is completed. What did you observe (notice)
with the output (V)?
The same thing happened as the previous step, but the voltage decreased 10% in a
minute.
Set Point from 50 % to 60%
100
90
.
80
70
%
60
Change
50
40
30
.
20
10
0
0
30
60
90
120
Time in Seconds
Step 12
Change the mode back to manual. Place PV, SP and output at 50%
Set the GAIN (P) to 1.0 (P.B.100%)
Add INTEGRAL (reset) of 0.5,
Set the output (V) while still in manual mode to 50 %.
Have a watch or timer ready and switch to Auto Mode.
Record the values observed in the space below. (They should all be at 50%)
PV ___48.5____%
SP ___48.5___%
V ___50___%
Place the controller into AUTO and adjust the SP to 60%.
Note: the value of the output and record the values observed in the space
below.
11
PV ___48.5____%
SP 60%
V ___83____%
Wait for 1 minute after step 12 is completed. What did you observe (notice) with the
output (V)?
It is going to be faster because was changed the integral gain, from 1 to 0.5
minutes per repeat. Each 60 seconds the output will change 23%.
Set Point from 50 % to 60%
100
90
.
80
70
%
60
Change
50
40
30
.
20
10
0
0
30
60
90
120
Time in Seconds
Step 13
Change the mode back to manual. Place PV, SP and output at 50%
Without changing any tuning parameters adjust the setpoint to 50%
Set the output (V while still in manual mode to 50 %).
Have a watch or timer ready and switch to Auto Mode.
Record the values observed in the space below. (They should all be at 50%)
PV ___48.5____%
SP ___48.5____%
V _____50_____%
Place the controller into AUTO and adjust the SP to 40%.
Note: the value of the output and record the values observed in the space
below.
PV ____48.5_____%
SP 40%
V ____24____%
Wait for 1 minute after step 13 is completed. What did you observe (notice) with the
output (V)?
12
In a minute the output value should decreases 20% theoretically, but it our case it
decreases 16% in a minute.
Set Point from 50 % to 60%
100
90
.
80
70
%
60
Change
50
40
30
.
20
10
0
0
30
60
90
120
Time in Seconds
Proportional + Integral +Derivative Control
Step 14
Change the mode back to manual. Place PV, SP and output at 50%
Set the GAIN (P) to 1.0 (P.B. 100%)
INTEGRAL (reset) of 0.1,
Add DERIVATIVE of 1 R/M,
Set the output (V) while still in manual mode to 50 %.
Now switch to Auto Mode.
Record the values observed in the space below. (They should all be at 50%)
PV ____58.5_____%
SP ___60____%
V ____100____%
Change the SP to 60%. What did you observe (notice) with the display
settings?
The output shot up to 100%, and come down. Then the Integral took over and the
output starts to slowly rise.
13
Set Point from 50 % to 60%
100
90
.
80
70
%
60
Change
50
40
30
.
20
10
0
0
30
60
90
120
Time in Seconds
Step 15
Change the mode back to manual. Place PV, SP and output at 50%
Set the GAIN (P to 1.0 (P.B. 100%),
INTEGRAL (reset) of 0.01
Add DERIVATIVE of 2 R/M,
Set the output (V) while still in manual mode to 50 %.
Now switch to Auto Mode.
Change the SP to 60%. What did you observe (notice) with the display
settings?
The output came to 100% almost instantly.
14
Set Point from 50 % to 60%
100
90
.
Set Point from 50 % to 60%
100
90
.
80
80
70
70
%
60
Change
%
60
Change
30
.
30
.
50
40
50
40
20
20
10
10
0
0
30
60
90
Time in Seconds
Gain =1 PB =100% I=.1m/r D=1r/m
120
0
0
30
60
90
Time in Seconds
Gain =1 PB =100% I=.01m/r D=2r/m
120
15
TUNING
A
CONTROLLER
Closed Loop Tuning
Part B
PURPOSE:
To illustrate how feedback affects the tuning of a controller.
Connect the Labvolt as shown below
Labvolt
Controller
Interface Unit
250
ohms
Input 1
Output 1
From main menu select Setup
Select (Configure analog inputs)
16
Configure analog input one
Description PV
Maximum - 100
Minimum - 0
Units
-%
Filt time constant - .75
Make sure (1 to 5 is not selected) We will be working with the internal 0 to 5 volts for
this part
Make sure (extract square root) is not selected
Go to file select accept setup and return to trainer)
Select (YES)
Step 1:
Place the controller on manual. The set point should follow the process
(PV). The PV will be the same as the output (V) because the output is fed
back to the PV input.
Step 2:
WITH CONTROLLER IN MANUAL PROCEED WITH THE
FOLLOWING STEPS
Step: 3
Detune the controller by setting the GAIN (P) to 1 (P.B. to 100%)
Integral (I) to 100 M/R (minutes per repeat)
D to 0.0 R/M (repeats per minutes)
Step: 4
Adjust the manual output (V) to read 50 %
Make sure SP is at 50%
Record the values observed in the space below. (They should all be at 50%)
PV ____49.6_____%
Step: 5
SP ___50____%
V ____50.4_____%
Place the controller into AUTO and adjust the SP to 60%.
Note the value of the PV and V and record the values observed in the space
below.
PV ___54.5_____%
SP 60%
V ____55.5_____%
17
Step: 6
Place PV, SP and output at 50%
Bring the SP down to 40%.
Note the value of the PV and V and record the values observed in the space
below.
PV ____44.6____%
SP 40%
V ___45.3___%
At this point compare the values for those found in the first part of the lab.
Steps 5 &6 part B with steps 3 & 4.in part A
Part A step 3 After SP was changed
Part B step 5
PV__48.5__ SP __60___ V ___61___
PV__54.5__ SP __60___ V __55.5___
Part A step 4
Part B step 6
PV__48.5__ SP __40___ V __41___
PV__44.6__ SP __40___ V __45.3__
Why is there a difference in the readings?
The difference between the readings values is consequence of the feedback on the
controller. The output value (V) will follow Process Variable (PV) in the closed loop.
Step 7:
Change the mode back to manual and set the GAIN (P) to 2.0 (P.B. 50%),
Output (V) while still in manual mode to 50 %.
Make sure SP is at 50%
Now switch to Auto Mode.
Step 8:
Record the values observed in the space below. (should all be at 50%)
PV __49.7___%
SP __50____%
V ____50.6_____%
Place the controller into AUTO and adjust the SP to 60%.
Note the value of the output and record the values observed in the space
below.
PV ___56.3____%
SP 60%
V ___57.3____%
Step 9:
Change the mode to manual and change Output (V) to 50 %.
Make sure SP is at 50%
Now switch to Auto Mode.
Step 10:
18
Record the values observed in the space below. (They should all be at 50%)
PV ___49.7____%
SP __50___%
V ___50.6____%
With the controller in AUTO adjust the SP to 40%.
Note the value of the output and record the values observed in the space
below.
PV ___43.1____%
SP 40%
V __43.8____%
Step 11:
Change the mode back to manual and set the GAIN (P) to 0.5 (P.B.200%)
Make sure SP is at 50%
Place output (V) while still in manual mode to 50 %.
Step 12:
Record the values observed in the space below. (They should all be at 50%)
PV ___49.3___%
SP ___49.3____%
V ____50_____%
Place the controller into AUTO and adjust the SP to 60%.
Note the value of the output and record the values observed in the space
below.
PV ___52.8____%
SP 60%
V ___53.6____%
Switch to manual mode
Make sure SP is at 50%
Adjust output (V) while still in manual mode to 50 %.
Record the values observed in the space below. (They should all be at 50%)
PV ___49.3____%
SP ___49.3____%
V _____50_____%
Place the controller into AUTO and adjust the SP to 40%.
Note the value of the output and record the values observed in the space
below.
19
PV ___46.2___%
SP 40%
V ___49.6____%
Step 13:
Change the mode back to manual and set the GAIN (P) to 1.0 (P.B.100%)
INTEGRAL (reset) of 0.1
Make sure SP is at 50%
Output (V) while still in manual mode to 50 %
Now switch to Auto Mode.
Step 12:
Record the values observed in the space below. (They should all be at 50%)
PV ___49.8____%
SP ___50___%
V ____50.8_____%
Place the controller into AUTO and adjust the SP to 60%.
Not the value of the output and record the values observed in the space
below.
PV ___60____%
Step 13
V __60.9___%
Wait for 1 minute after step 12 is completed. What did you observe
(notice) with the display settings?
The PV will be near to output value. They will change proximity 10% in a minute.
Step 15:
Change the mode back to manual and set the GAIN (P) to 1.0 (P.B. 100%)
Add INTEGRAL (reset) of 0.01, also set the SP to 50% and output (V)
while still in manual mode to 50 %. Now switch to Auto Mode.
Step 16:
Record the values observed in the space below. (They should all be at 50%)
PV ___50____%
SP ___50____%
V _____50.7______%
Place the controller into AUTO and adjust the SP to 60%.
Note: the value of the output and record the values observed in the space
below.
PV ___60_____%
V ___61____%
20
Step 17:
Wait for 1 minute after step 16 is completed. What did you observe
(notice) with the display settings?
With the Integral gain in 0.01 the process variable will reach 60% faster than step 12.
However, will appear an overshoot at the Process Variable curve.
Step 18:
Change the mode back to manual and set the GAIN (P) to 1.0
(P.B. 100%), INTEGRAL (reset) of 0.1, now add DERIVATIVE of 1
R/M, also set the SP and output (V) while still in manual mode to 50 %.
Now switch to Auto Mode.
Step 19:
Change the SP to 60%. What did you observe (notice) with the display
settings?
The controlled variable does not change to the setpoint. Then the controller output
change all the moment, very fast, to values in a range from 0 to 100% trying to control
the process.
Step 20:
Change the mode back to manual and set the GAIN (P) to 1.0 (P.B. 100%)
INTEGRAL (reset) of 0.01, now add DERIVATIVE of 2 R/M
Make sure SP and Output (V) while still in manual mode are at 50 %.
Now switch to Auto Mode.
Step 21:
Change the SP to 60%. What did you observe (notice) with the display
settings?
It is still hunting the setpoint and repeat the last process, but faster.
Step 22:
Now tune the CONTROLLER so that the PV will return to the SP in the
best possible time without cycling (hunting).
Time:__8___ sec.
Step 23:
Gain __0.5__
I__0.01__
D__0.005__
To test your tuning, change the SP from 50 to 80% and record the observed
display values at the beginning of the SP change on the PV, V and the time
it takes for the PV to reach SP.
Demonstrate the results to the instructor.
Beginning SP 50%
PV__50___%
V__50.7___%
Change set point to 80%
End Time __9__sec.
PV__80__%
V__81.3__%
21
Questions
1) What does PID stand for?
Proportional, Integral and Derivative.
2) What is the difference between gain and proportional band?
Gain: The ratio of the change in output signal to the change in input signal
defines controller gain.
Proportional Band: The amount of change in the controlled variable, expressed in
engineering units, required to move the actuator from one end of its
stroke to the other. This is also referred to as throttling range.
3) If the PV does not move when a SP change is made and a controller has both PI,
where will the output wind up?
It is made a change up at the setpoint value, the output value will increase
proportionality and continuously until reach 100%.
It is made a change down at the setpoint value, the output value will decrease
proportionality and continuously until reach 0%.
4) A closed loop system is tuned with a PB of 100% and an Integral of 2 repeats/min.
The set point and process are both at 50%. If instantly the PV deviated from SP by
(-15%) where would the output V be after 1 minute if it was sitting at 30%? (-15%
means the PV is falling below the set point)
The output will go to 60.
5) A closed loop system is tuned with a Gain of 2 and an Integral of 2 min/repeats.
The set point and process are both at 50%. If instantly the PV deviated from SP by
(-10%) where would the output be after 1 minute if it was sitting at 20%?
The output will go to 60.
6) Graph questions 4 and 5.
22
Graph Q4
100
90
80
70
60
SP
50
40
30
PV
V
20
10
0
0
Time In Minutes
Graph Q5
100
90
80
70
60
SP
50
40
PV
30
20
10
0
0
1
Time In Minutes
