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Head Loss and Flow Rate in Compressible Fluids

The document provides information for calculating head losses and volumetric flow rate in compressible fluid (gas) pipe flow. It includes input data for the piping system and fluid properties, and equations for the energy balance to solve for outlet pressure using Newton-Raphson iteration or to calculate flow rate given inlet and outlet pressures. Sample calculations are shown applying the methodology to example systems. Key output parameters include density, velocity, head loss, pressure and flow rate.

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Sharon Lambert
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87 views20 pages

Head Loss and Flow Rate in Compressible Fluids

The document provides information for calculating head losses and volumetric flow rate in compressible fluid (gas) pipe flow. It includes input data for the piping system and fluid properties, and equations for the energy balance to solve for outlet pressure using Newton-Raphson iteration or to calculate flow rate given inlet and outlet pressures. Sample calculations are shown applying the methodology to example systems. Key output parameters include density, velocity, head loss, pressure and flow rate.

Uploaded by

Sharon Lambert
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as XLSX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Head Losses - compressible fluid (

A)

Calculation of Head losses , knowing the inlet conditio

Input data
piping
material
rugosity
diameter
length

fluid

D
L

loss friction
fittings

ki

viscosiy
Molecular weight
Compressibility
Temperature
Pressure inlet

Mw
Z
T
P1

flowrate inlet

Qv1

process

others

perfect gas cte

output data
density (T1,P1)

velocity
head loss

1
G
Re
B
fdarcy
U1
P

Pressure outlet

P2

density(T1,P2)

B)

Calculation of flow rate , knowing the inlet and outlet

Input data
piping
material
rugosity
diameter
length

fluid

D
L

loss friction
fittings

ki

viscosiy
Molecular weight
Compressibility
Temperature
Pressure inlet
Pressure outlet

Mw
Z
T
P1
P2

estimate friction
factor .Von karman
perfect gas cte

fvk

density (T1,P1)

1
G
Re
B
fdarcy
U1
Qv1

process

others

output data

velocity
Volumetric flow
density(T1,P2)
Volumetric flow

2
U2
Qv2

compressible fluid (gas)

wing the inlet condition and the piping arrangement


engineering
units

SI
units

cs
3.00E-02
80.00
210.00

mm
mm
m

3.00E-05
8.00E-02
2.10E+02

SI
SI
SI

1.32

unitless

1.32

unitless

0.015
18.00
0.96
165.00
7000.00

cpo
g/mol

SI
SI

C
mbars

1.50E-05
1.80E-02
0.96
438.15
7.00E+05

K
Pa

545.40

m3/h

1.52E-01

SI

8.31

SI

8.31E+00

SI

3.603
1.086E+02
579145
2.65E+21
0.01679
30.14
79177
802
620823
6208
3.20

kg/m3
kg/s/m2
unitless
unitless
m/s
Pa
mbars
Pa
mbars
kg/m3

P1
7.0000E+05

ng the inlet and outlet Pressure and the piping arrangement


engineering
units

SI
units

SS
1.00E-03
800.00
200.00

mm
mm
m

1.00E-06
8.00E-01
2.00E+02

SI
SI
SI

5.00

unitless

5.00

unitless

0.011
44.00
1.00
45.00
2600.00
2402.00

cpo
g/mol

1.10E-05
4.40E-02
1.00
318.15
2.60E+05
2.40E+05

SI
SI

C
mbars
mbars

K
Pa
Pa

5.97E-03

(-2log10((/D)/3.7)))^-2

8.31

SI

8.31E+00

SI

4.325
1.512E+02
10996468
8.29E+23
0.00819
34.96
18

kg/m3
kg/s/m2
unitless
unitless
m/s
m3/s

63265.76

m3/h

4.00
38
19

kg/m3
m/s
m3/s

68480.84

m3/h

energy balance to solve :


*dP+G^2*ln( 1/2 ) + (f*L/D+ki)*G^2/2 = 0
after integration with T=cte
M/(Z*R*T)*(P2^2-P1^2)+2*G^2* Ln(P1/P2) +(f*L/D +ki) *G^2=0
or
to solve :
F(p2) =0
A*(P2^2-P1^2) +B*Ln(P1/P2) + C =0
with
F'(p2)
A*2*P2-B/P2
Newton Raphson :

P2(n+1)=P2(n) -F(p2)/F'(p2)

P2 (n)
6.9300E+05
6.2462E+05
6.2083E+05
6.2082E+05
6.2082E+05
6.2082E+05
6.2082E+05
6.2082E+05
6.2082E+05
6.2082E+05
6.2082E+05

B
2.3583E+04
2.3583E+04
2.3583E+04
2.3583E+04
2.3583E+04
2.3583E+04
2.3583E+04
2.3583E+04
2.3583E+04
2.3583E+04
2.3583E+04

A
5.1469E-06
5.1469E-06
5.1469E-06
5.1469E-06
5.1469E-06
5.1469E-06
5.1469E-06
5.1469E-06
5.1469E-06
5.1469E-06
5.1469E-06

C
5.3542E+05
5.3542E+05
5.3542E+05
5.3542E+05
5.3542E+05
5.3542E+05
5.3542E+05
5.3542E+05
5.3542E+05
5.3542E+05
5.3542E+05

F(P2)
4.8547E+05
2.4190E+04
7.4147E+01
7.0531E-04
0.0000E+00
0.0000E+00
0.0000E+00
0.0000E+00
0.0000E+00
0.0000E+00
0.0000E+00

F'(P2)
7.0995E+00
6.3919E+00
6.3527E+00
6.3526E+00
6.3526E+00
6.3526E+00
6.3526E+00
6.3526E+00
6.3526E+00
6.3526E+00
6.3526E+00

energy balance to solve :


*dP+G^2*ln( 1/2 ) + (f*L/D+ki)*G^2/2 = 0
after integration with T=cte
M/(Z*R*T)*(P2^2-P1^2)+2*G^2* Ln(P1/P2) +(f*L/D +ki) *G^2=0
or
G^2 =M/(Z*R*T) *(P1^2-P2^2)/ (2*ln(P1/P2)+f*L/D+ki)

Iterative calculation :
Assume f(n) , calculate G, calculate Re , calculate f(n+1) , compare f(n+1) vs f(n)
f(n)

Re

f(n+1)

5.9698E-03
8.1486E-03
8.1889E-03
8.1896E-03
8.1896E-03
8.1896E-03
8.1896E-03

1.5738E+02
1.5131E+02
1.5120E+02
1.5120E+02
1.5120E+02
1.5120E+02
1.5120E+02

1.1446E+07
1.1004E+07
1.0997E+07
1.0996E+07
1.0996E+07
1.0996E+07
1.0996E+07

8.63E+23
8.30E+23
8.29E+23
8.29E+23
8.29E+23
8.29E+23
8.29E+23

8.1486E-03
8.1889E-03
8.1896E-03
8.1896E-03
8.1896E-03
8.1896E-03
8.1896E-03

2.1789E-03
4.0223E-05
7.1772E-07
1.2799E-08
2.2824E-10
4.0701E-12
7.2579E-14

P2(n+1)
6.2462E+05
6.2083E+05
6.2082E+05
6.2082E+05
6.2082E+05
6.2082E+05
6.2082E+05
6.2082E+05
6.2082E+05
6.2082E+05
6.2082E+05

-6.8381E+04
-3.7844E+03
-1.1672E+01
-1.1103E-04
0.0000E+00
0.0000E+00
0.0000E+00
0.0000E+00
0.0000E+00
0.0000E+00
0.0000E+00

compare f(n+1) vs f(n)

Head Losses - compressible fluid (ga


A)

Calculation of Head losses , knowing the inlet condition

Input data
piping
material
rugosity
diameter
length

fluid

D
L

loss friction
fittings

ki

CP/CV
viscosiy
Molecular weight
Compressibility
Temperature inlet
Pressure inlet

Mw
Z
T1
P1
(k-1)/k
(k+1)/k
Qv

process

flowrate

others

perfect gas cte

output data
density (T1,P1)

velocity
head loss

1
G
Re
B
fdarcy
U
P

Pressure outlet

P2

Temperature outlet
density(T1,P2)

T2
2

B)

Calculation of flow rate , knowing the inlet and outlet Pr

Input data
piping
material
rugosity
diameter
length

fluid

process

others

D
L

loss friction
fittings

ki

CP/CV
viscosiy
Molecular weight
Compressibility
Temperature inlet
Pressure inlet
Pressure outlet

Mw
Z
T1
P1
P2
(k-1)/k
(k+1)/k

estimate friction
factor .Von karman

fvk

perfect gas cte

output data

density (T1,P1)

velocity
Volumetric flow
density(T1,P2)
Volumetric flow

1
G
Re
B
fdarcy
U1
Qv1
2
U2
Qv2

compressible fluid (gas)

wing the inlet condition and the piping arrangement


engineering
units

SI
units

cs
2.00E-01
469.90
200.00

mm
mm
m

2.00E-04
4.70E-01
2.00E+02

SI
SI
SI

1.00

unitless

1.00

unitless

1.40
0.011
44.00
1.00
45.00
2600.00

unitless
cpo
g/mol

unitless
SI
SI

6362.00

m3/h

1.40
1.10E-05
4.40E-02
1.00
318.15
2.60E+05
2.86E-01
1.71
1.77E+00

8.31

SI

8.31E+00

SI

4.325
4.407E+01
1882620
3.07E+21
0.01649
10.19
1807
18
258193
2582
318
4.30

kg/m3
kg/s/m2
unitless

44.37

C
mbars

unitless
m/s
Pa
mbars
Pa
mbars
K
kg/m3

K
Pa

SI

P1
2.6000E+05

ng the inlet and outlet Pressure and the piping arrangement


engineering
units

SI
units

SS
1.00E-03
800.00
200.00

mm
mm
m

1.00E-06
8.00E-01
2.00E+02

SI
SI
SI

5.00

unitless

5.00

unitless

1.40
0.011
44.00
1.00
45.00
2600.00
2403.00

unitless
cpo
g/mol

1.40
1.10E-05
4.40E-02
1.00
318.15
2.60E+05
2.40E+05
2.86E-01
1.71

unitless
SI
SI

C
mbars
mbars

K
Pa
Pa

5.97E-03

(-2log10((/D)/3.7)))^-2

8.31

SI

8.31E+00

SI

4.325
1.522E+02
11066689
8.34E+23
0.00818
35.19
18

kg/m3
kg/s/m2
unitless
unitless
m/s
m3/s

63669.77

m3/h

4.09
37
19

kg/m3
m/s
m3/s

67355.93

m3/h

energy balance to solve :


*dP+G^2*ln( 1/2 ) + (f*L/D+ki)*G^2/2 = 0
after integration with P/^k=cte

M/(Z*R*T1)*[k/(k+1)]*p1^[(k-1)/k]*(P2^ [(k+1)/k)]-P1^[(k+1)/k)]+G^2*1/k* Ln(P1/P2) +(f*L


or
to solve :
F(p2) =0
A'*(P2^x-P1^x) +B'*Ln(P1/P2) + C' =0
with
F'(p2)
A'*x*P2^x-1-B'/P2
Newton Raphson :

P2 (n)
2.5740E+05
2.5819E+05
2.5819E+05
2.5819E+05
2.5819E+05
2.5819E+05
2.5819E+05
2.5819E+05
2.5819E+05
2.5819E+05
2.5819E+05

A'
3.4201E-04
3.4201E-04
3.4201E-04
3.4201E-04
3.4201E-04
3.4201E-04
3.4201E-04
3.4201E-04
3.4201E-04
3.4201E-04
3.4201E-04

P2(n+1)=P2(n) -F(p2)/F'(p2)

B'
1.387E+03
1.387E+03
1.387E+03
1.387E+03
1.387E+03
1.387E+03
1.387E+03
1.387E+03
1.387E+03
1.387E+03
1.387E+03

C'
7.7873E+03
7.7873E+03
7.7873E+03
7.7873E+03
7.7873E+03
7.7873E+03
7.7873E+03
7.7873E+03
7.7873E+03
7.7873E+03
7.7873E+03

F(P2)
-3.4028E+03
3.7566E+00
4.5555E-06
-3.3651E-11
-3.3651E-11
-3.3651E-11
-3.3651E-11
-3.3651E-11
-3.3651E-11
-3.3651E-11
-3.3651E-11

F'(P2)
4.2884E+00
4.2979E+00
4.2979E+00
4.2979E+00
4.2979E+00
4.2979E+00
4.2979E+00
4.2979E+00
4.2979E+00
4.2979E+00
4.2979E+00

energy balance to solve :


*dP+G^2*ln( 1/2 ) + (f*L/D+ki)*G^2/2 = 0
after integration with P/^k=cte

M/(Z*R*T1)*[k/(k+1)]*p1^[(k-1)/k]*(P2^ [(k+1)/k)]-P1^[(k+1)/k)]+G^2*1/k* Ln(P1/P2) +(f*L


or

G^2 =2*M/(Z*R*T1) *k/(k+1)*P1^(k-1)/k*(P1^(k+1)/k-P2^(k+1)/k) /(2/k*ln(P1/P2)+f*L/D+ki)

Iterative calculation :
Assume f(n) , calculate G, calculate Re , calculate f(n+1) , compare f(n+1) vs f(n)
f(n)

Re

f(n+1)

5.9698E-03
8.1420E-03
8.1823E-03
8.1830E-03
8.1831E-03
8.1831E-03
8.1831E-03

1.5841E+02
1.5228E+02
1.5217E+02
1.5217E+02
1.5217E+02
1.5217E+02
1.5217E+02

1.1521E+07
1.1075E+07
1.1067E+07
1.1067E+07
1.1067E+07
1.1067E+07
1.1067E+07

8.69E+23
8.35E+23
8.34E+23
8.34E+23
8.34E+23
8.34E+23
8.34E+23

8.1420E-03
8.1823E-03
8.1830E-03
8.1831E-03
8.1831E-03
8.1831E-03
8.1831E-03

2.1722E-03
4.0297E-05
7.2249E-07
1.2946E-08
2.3196E-10
4.1561E-12
7.4466E-14

]+G^2*1/k* Ln(P1/P2) +(f*L/D +ki) *G^2/2=0

P2(n+1)
2.5819E+05
2.5819E+05
2.5819E+05
2.5819E+05
2.5819E+05
2.5819E+05
2.5819E+05
2.5819E+05
2.5819E+05
2.5819E+05
2.5819E+05

7.9349E+02
-8.7406E-01
-1.0600E-06
0.0000E+00
0.0000E+00
0.0000E+00
0.0000E+00
0.0000E+00
0.0000E+00
0.0000E+00
0.0000E+00

]+G^2*1/k* Ln(P1/P2) +(f*L/D +ki) *G^2/2=0

k*ln(P1/P2)+f*L/D+ki)

compare f(n+1) vs f(n)

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