Diploma Programme
Mathematics SL formula booklet
For use during the course and in the examinations
First examinations 2014
Published March 2012
International Baccalaureate Organization 2012
Mathematical studies SL: Formula booklet
5045
Contents
Prior learning
Topics
Topic 1Algebra
Topic 2Functions and equations
Topic 3Circular functions and trigonometry
Topic 4Vectors
Topic 5Statistics and probability
Topic 6Calculus
Mathematics SL formula booklet
Formulae
Prior learning
Area of a parallelogram
Area of a triangle
Area of a trapezium
A b h
1
(b h)
2
1
( a b) h
2
Area of a circle
r2
Circumference of a circle
2 r
1
(area of base
3
Volume of a cuboid (rectangular prism)
l w h
Volume of a cylinder
Area of the curved surface of a cylinder
A 2 rh
Volume of a pyramid
Volume of a sphere
Volume of a cone
Distance between two points ( x1 , y1 , z1 ) and
( x2 , y2 , z2 )
Coordinates of the midpoint of a line segment
with endpoints ( x1 , y1 , z1 ) and ( x2 , y2 , z2 )
Mathematics SL formula booklet
vertical height)
r 2h
4 3
r
3
1 2
r h
3
( x1
x1
2
x2 ) 2
x2 y1
,
y2 ) 2
( y1
y2 z1
,
( z1
z2 ) 2
z2
2
Topics
Topic 1Algebra
1.1
1.2
The nth term of an
arithmetic sequence
un
u1 (n 1)d
The sum of n terms of an
arithmetic sequence
Sn
n
(2u1 (n 1)d )
2
The nth term of a
geometric sequence
un
u1r n
The sum of n terms of a
finite geometric sequence
Sn
u1 (r n 1)
r 1
The sum of an infinite
geometric sequence
Exponents and logarithms
ax
Laws of logarithms
log c a log c b log c ab
a
log c a log c b log c
b
log c a r r log c a
Change of base
1.3
Binomial coefficient
Binomial theorem
Mathematics SL formula booklet
u1
1 r
, r
u1 (1 r n )
, r 1
1 r
1
x log a b
log c a
log c b
log b a
n
r
n
(u1 un )
2
n!
r! n r !
( a b) n
an
n n1
a b
1
n nr r
a b
r
bn
Topic 2Functions and equations
2.4
Axis of symmetry of
graph of a quadratic
function
f ( x) ax 2
bx c
2.6
Relationships between
logarithmic and
exponential functions
a x e x ln a
log a a x x
a loga x
Solutions of a quadratic
equation
ax 2
2.7
Discriminant
bx c 0
b2
b
2a
axis of symmetry x
b 2 4ac
, a
2a
4ac
Topic 3Circular functions and trigonometry
3.1
Length of an arc
Area of a sector
1 2
r
2 T
3.2
Trigonometric identity
3.3
Pythagorean identity
cos 2
sin 2
Double angle formulae
sin 2
2sin cos
cos 2
cos 2
c2
b2
3.6
Cosine rule
Sine rule
Area of a triangle
Mathematics SL formula booklet
sin
cos
tan
a2
a
sin A
A
b
sin B
sin 2
2cos 2
2ab cos C ; cos C
1 1 2 si n 2
a2
b2 c2
2ab
c
sin C
1
ab sin C
2
Topic 4Vectors
4.1
Magnitude of a vector
4.2
Scalar product
4.3
v12
v2 2
v32
v w
v w cos
v w
v1w1 v2 w2
Angle between two
vectors
cos
Vector equation of a line
r = a + tb
v3 w3
v w
v w
Topic 5Statistics and probability
5.2
Mean of a set of data
fi xi
i 1
n
fi
i 1
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
Probability of an event A
P( A)
n( A)
n(U )
Complementary events
P( A) P( A ) 1
Combined events
P( A
B ) P( A) P( B ) P( A
Mutually exclusive events
P( A
B ) P( A) P( B )
Conditional probability
P(A
B ) P(A) P(B | A)
Independent events
P( A
B ) P( A) P( B )
Expected value of a discrete E( X )
random variable X
Binomial distribution
X ~ B(n, p )
x P( X
x)
P( X
Mean
E( X ) np
Variance
Var( X ) np (1 p )
Standardized normal
variable
Mathematics SL formula booklet
B)
r)
n r
p (1 p ) n r , r
r
0,1,
,n
Topic 6Calculus
6.1
6.2
Derivative of f ( x)
dy
dx
f ( x)
xn
f ( x) nx n
f ( x)
Derivative of sin x
f ( x) sin x
f ( x) cos x
Derivative of cos x
f ( x) cos x
f ( x)
sin x
f ( x)
f ( x)
1
cos 2 x
Derivative of e x
Derivative of ln x
Chain rule
Product rule
tan x
f ( x) e x
f ( x)
g (u ) , u
dy
dx
Quotient rule
u
v
dy
dx
Standard integrals
dy
dx
dv
dx
du
dx
du
dx
dv
dx
u
v
dy
du
du
dx
v2
xn 1
C, n
n 1
x n dx
1
x
f ( x)
y uv
f ( x)
f ( x) e x
f ( x) ln x
y
f ( x h)
h
Derivative of x n
Derivative of tan x
6.4
f ( x) lim
1
dx ln x C , x 0
x
sin x dx
cos x C
cos x dx sin x C
e x dx e x
6.5
Area under a curve
between x = a and x = b
Volume of revolution
V
about the x-axis from x = a
to x = b
6.6
Total distance travelled
from t1 to t 2
Mathematics SL formula booklet
b
a
y dx
b
a
distance
y2 x
t2
t1
v(t ) dt
Mathematics SL formula booklet
