124
CHAPTER 7: QUANTUM THEORY AND THE ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE OF ATOMS
Chapter 7
Quantum Theory and the Electronic Structure of Atoms
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
1.
What is the wavelength of radiation that has a frequency of 6.912 1014 s1?
A. 1.447 1015 nm
D. 2.074 1023 nm
B. 4.337 102 nm
E. 4.337 107 nm
C. 2.304 106 nm
Answer: B
Difficulty: E
2.
What is the wavelength of radiation that has a frequency of 2.10 1014 s 1?
A. 6.30 1022 m
D. 1.43 106 m
B. 7.00 102 nm
E. 3.00 108 m
C. 7.00 105 m
Answer: D
Difficulty: E
3.
Calculate the frequency of visible light having a wavelength of 486 nm.
A. 2.06 1014 /s
D. 1.20 1015 /s
B. 2.06 106 /s
E. 4.86 107 /s
C. 6.17 1014 /s
Answer: C
Difficulty: E
4.
Calculate the frequency of visible light having a wavelength of 686 nm.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
4.37 1014 /s
4.37 105 /s
6.17 1014 /s
2.29 1015 /s
2.29 106 /s
Answer: A
Difficulty: E
125
5.
CHAPTER 7: QUANTUM THEORY AND THE ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE OF ATOMS
What is the energy in joules of one photon of microwave radiation with a
wavelength 0.122 m?
A. 2.70 1043 J
D. 4.07 1010 J
B. 5.43 1033 J
E. 2.46 109 J
C. 1.63 1024 J
Answer: C
Difficulty: M
6.
What is the energy in joules of a mole of photons associated with visible light of
wavelength 486 nm?
A. 6.46 1016 J
D. 12.4 kJ
B. 6.46 1025 J
E. 246 kJ
C. 2.46 104 J
Answer: E
Difficulty: M
7.
What is the energy in joules of a mole of photons associated with red light of
wavelength 7.00 102 nm?
A. 256 kJ
D. 12.4 kJ
B. 1.71 105 J
E. 2.12 1042 J
C. 4.72 1043 J
Answer: B
8.
What is the binding energy (in J/mol or kJ/mol) of an electron in a metal whose
threshold frequency for photoelectrons is 2.50 1014 /s?
A. 99.7 kJ/mol
D. 7.22 1017 kJ/mol
Answer: A
Difficulty: M
B. 1.66 1019 J/mol
E. 1.20 106 J/mol
C. 2.75 1043 J/mol
126
CHAPTER 7: QUANTUM THEORY AND THE ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE OF ATOMS
9.
Complete this sentence: Atoms emit visible and ultraviolet light
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
as electrons jump from lower energy levels to higher levels.
as the atoms condense from a gas to a liquid.
as electrons jump from higher energy levels to lower levels.
as they are heated and the solid melts to form a liquid.
as the electrons move about the atom within an orbit.
Answer: C
Difficulty: E
10.
Calculate the energy, in joules, required to excite a hydrogen atom by causing an
electronic transition from the n = 1 to the n = 4 principal energy level. Recall that the
energy levels of the H atom are given by
En = 2.18 1018 J(1/n2)
A. 2.07 1029 J
D. 3.27 1017 J
B. 2.19 105 J
E. 2.25 1018 J
C. 2.04 1018 J
Answer: C
Difficulty: M
11.
Calculate the wavelength, in nanometers, of the light emitted by a hydrogen atom
when its electron falls from the n = 7 to the n = 4 principal energy level. Recall that the
energy levels of the H atom are given by
En = 2.18 1018 J(1/n2)
A. 4.45 1020 nm
D. 1.38 1014 nm
B. 2.16 106 nm
E. 2.16 103 nm
C. 9.18 1020 nm
Answer: E
Difficulty: M
12.
Calculate the frequency of the light emitted by a hydrogen atom during a transition of its
electron from the n = 6 to the n = 3 principal energy level. Recall that for hydrogen
En = -2.18 1018 J(1/n2).
A. 1.64 1015 /s
D. 1.82 1019 /s
Answer: E
Difficulty: M
B. 9.13 1013 /s
E. 2.74 1014/s
C. 3.65 1014 /s
127
13.
CHAPTER 7: QUANTUM THEORY AND THE ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE OF ATOMS
Calculate the frequency of the light emitted by a hydrogen atom during a transition of its
electron from the n = 4 to the n = 1 principal energy level. Recall that for hydrogen
En = 2.18 10 18 J(1/n2)
A. 3.08 1015 /s
D. 1.35 1051 /s
B. 1.03 108 /s
E. 8.22 1014 /s
C. 2.06 1014 /s
Answer: A
Difficulty: M
14.
Calculate the wavelength of the light emitted by a hydrogen atom during a transition of
its electron from the n = 4 to the n = 1 principal energy level. Recall that for hydrogen
En = 2.18 1018 J(1/n2)
A. 97.2 nm
B. 82.6 nm
C. 365 nm
D. 0.612 nm
E. 6.8 1018 nm
Answer: A
Difficulty: M
15.
The second line of the Balmer series occurs at a wavelength of 486.1 nm. What is
the energy difference between the initial and final levels of the hydrogen atom in this
emission process?
A. 2.44 1018 J
D. 4.09 1028 J
B. 4.09 1019 J
E. 1.07 1048 J
C. 4.09 1022 J
Answer: B
Difficulty: M
16.
In an electron microscope, electrons are accelerated to great velocities. Calculate
the wavelength of an electron traveling with a velocity of 7.0 103 kilometers per
second. The mass of an electron is 9.1 1028 g.
A. 1.0 1013 m
Answer: D
Difficulty: M
B. 1.0 107 m
C. 1.0 m
D. 1.0 1010 m
128
CHAPTER 7: QUANTUM THEORY AND THE ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE OF ATOMS
17.
20
Calculate the wavelength associated with a Ne ion moving at a velocity of
2.0 105 m/s. The atomic mass of Ne-20 is 19.992 amu.
A. 1.0 1013 m
D. 9.7 1012 m
B. 1.0 1016 m
E. 2.0 1013 cm
C. 1.0 1018 m
Answer: A
Difficulty: M
18.
Calculate the wavelength of a neutron that has a velocity of 200. cm/s. (The mass of
a neutron = 1.675 1027 kg.)
A. 1.98 109 m
B. 216 nm
C. 1.8 1050 m
D. 198 nm
E. 5.05 mm
Answer: D
Difficulty: M
19.
A common way of initiating certain chemical reactions with light involves the generation
of free halogen atoms in solution. If H for the reaction Cl2(g) 2Cl(g) is 242.8 kJ/mol,
what is the longest wavelength of light that will produce free chlorine atoms in solution?
A. 246.3 nm
B. 465.2 nm
C. 349.3 nm
D. 698.6 nm
E. 492.6 nm
Answer: E
Difficulty: H
20.
The longest wavelength of light that causes electrons to be ejected from the surface of a
copper plate is 243 nm. What is the maximum velocity of the electrons ejected when
light of wavelength 200. nm shines on a copper plate?
A. 1.48 106 m/s
D. 1.97 104 m/s
B. 6.22 105 m/s
E. 1.34 106 m/s
C. 4.67 104 m/s
Answer: B
Difficulty: H
21.
When photons with a wavelength of 310. nm strike a magnesium plate, the maximum
velocity of the ejected electrons is 3.45 105 m/s. Calculate the binding energy of
electrons to the magnesium surface.
A. 386 kJ/mol
Answer: E
Difficulty: H
B. 419 kJ/mol
C. 32.7 kJ/mol
D. 321 kJ/mol
E. 353 kJ/mol
129
22.
CHAPTER 7: QUANTUM THEORY AND THE ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE OF ATOMS
Electrons can be used to probe the arrangement of atoms on a solid surface if the
wavelength of the electrons is comparable with the spacing between the atoms. Which of
the following electron velocities would be appropriate for use in this application if the
atoms are separated by 0.320 nm?
A. 2.27 106 m/s
D. 4.41 106 m/s
B. 1.24 103 m/s
E. 8.06 103 m/s
C. 3.00 108 m/s
Answer: A
Difficulty: H
23.
A single pulse of a laser yields an average of 5.00 1018 photons with = 633 nm. If
melting ice to water at 0C requires 6.01 kJ/mol, what is the fewest number of laser
pulses need to melt 10.0 g of ice?
A. 3830
B. 3340
C. 38300
D. 2120
E. 212
Answer: D
Difficulty: H
24.
Which one of the following sets of quantum numbers is not possible?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
n
4
3
3
2
2
l
3
0
0
1
0
ml
2
1
0
1
0
ms
+1/2
1/2
+1/2
1/2
+1/2
Answer: B
Difficulty: M
25.
Which one of the following sets of quantum numbers is not possible?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
n
4
3
3
4
2
l
3
2
0
1
0
Answer: B
Difficulty: M
ml
2
3
0
1
0
ms
+1/2
1/2
+1/2
1/2
+1/2
130
CHAPTER 7: QUANTUM THEORY AND THE ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE OF ATOMS
26.
What is the maximum number of electrons in a atom that can have the following set of
quantum numbers?
n = 4 l = 3 ml = 2 ms = +1/2
A. 0
B. 1
C. 2
D. 6
E. 10
Answer: B
Difficulty: E
27.
A possible set of quantum numbers for the last electron added to complete an atom
of gallium Ga in its ground state is
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
n
4
3
4
3
4
l
0
1
1
1
2
ml
0
0
0
1
1
ms
1/2
1/2
+1/2
+1/2
+1/2
Answer: C
Difficulty: M
28.
A possible set of quantum numbers for the last electron added to complete an atom
of germanium in its ground state is
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
n
4
3
4
3
4
l
0
0
1
1
2
ml
0
+1
1
+1
+2
ms
+1/2
1/2
+1/2
1/2
1/2
Answer: C
Difficulty: M
29.
Electrons in an orbital with l = 3 are in a/an
A. d orbital.
Answer: B
Difficulty: E
B. f orbital.
C. g orbital.
D. p orbital.
E. s orbital.
131
30.
CHAPTER 7: QUANTUM THEORY AND THE ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE OF ATOMS
The number of orbitals in a d subshell is
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 5
E. 7
Answer: D
Difficulty: E
31.
The maximum number of electrons that can occupy an energy level described by
the principal quantum number, n, is
A. n
B. n + 1
C. 2n
D. 2n2
E. n2
Answer: D
Difficulty: M
32.
How many orbitals are allowed in a subshell if the angular momentum quantum
number for electrons in that subshell is 3?
A. 1
B. 3
C. 5
D. 7
E. 9
Answer: D
Difficulty: M
33.
"No two electrons in an atom can have the same four quantum numbers" is a
statement of
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
the Pauli exclusion principle.
Bohr's equation.
Hund's rule.
de Broglie's relation.
Dalton's atomic theory.
Answer: A
Difficulty: E
CHAPTER 7: QUANTUM THEORY AND THE ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE OF ATOMS
34.
The orbital diagram for a ground-state nitrogen atom is
1s
A.
2s
2p
B.
___
C.
D.
Answer: A
Difficulty: M
35.
The orbital diagram for a ground-state oxygen atom is
1s
A.
2s
2p
B.
C.
D.
E.
Answer: D
Difficulty: M
36.
The orbital diagram for a ground state carbon atom is
1s
A.
2s
B.
C.
D.
Answer: D
Difficulty: M
2p
132
133
37.
CHAPTER 7: QUANTUM THEORY AND THE ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE OF ATOMS
How many unpaired electrons does a ground-state atom of sulfur have?
A. 0
B. 1
C. 2
D. 3
E. 4
Answer: C
Difficulty: M
38.
Which element has the following ground-state electron configuration?
1s22s22p63s2
A. Na
B. Mg
C. Al
D. Si
E. Ne
Answer: B
Difficulty: M
39.
Which element has the following ground-state electron configuration?
[Kr]5s24d105p3
A. Sn
B. Sb
C. Pb
D. Bi
E. Te
Answer: B
Difficulty: M
40.
Which element has the following ground-state electron configuration?
[Kr]5s24d105p2
A. Sn
B. Sb
C. Pb
D. Ge
E. Te
Answer: A
Difficulty: M
41.
The electron configuration of a ground-state Co atom is
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
[Ar]4s23d7
1s22s22p63s23d9
[Ne]3s23d7
[Ar]4s13d5
[Ar]4s24d7
Answer: A
Difficulty: M
134
CHAPTER 7: QUANTUM THEORY AND THE ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE OF ATOMS
42.
The electron configuration of a ground-state vanadium atom is
A. [Ar]4s24d3
B. [Ar]4s24p3
C. [Ar]4s23d3
D. [Ar]3d5
Answer: C
Difficulty: M
43.
The electron configuration of a ground-state copper atom is
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
[Ar]4s24d4
[Ar]4s24p63d3
[Ar]4s23d9
[Ar]3d9
[Ar]4s13d10
Answer: E
Difficulty: M
44.
The ground-state electron configuration for an atom of indium is
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
[Kr]5s24p64d5
[Ar]4s23d104p1
[Ar]4s24p63d5
[Kr]5s25p64d5
[Kr]5s24d105p1
Answer: E
Difficulty: M
45.
Which of the following is the ground-state electron configuration of a calcium atom?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
[Ne]3s2
[Ne]3s23p6
[Ar]4s13d1
[Ar]4s2
[Ar]3d2
Answer: D
Difficulty: M
135
46.
CHAPTER 7: QUANTUM THEORY AND THE ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE OF ATOMS
How many electrons are there in the 2nd principal energy level (n = 2) of a phosphorus
atom?
A. 3
B. 5
C. 6
D. 8
E. 10
Answer: D
Difficulty: M
47.
How many electrons are there in the 3rd principal energy level (n = 3) of a phosphorus
atom?
A. 3
B. 5.
C. 6
D. 8
E. 10
Answer: B
Difficulty: M
48.
A ground-state atom of manganese has ___ unpaired electrons and is _____.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
0, diamagnetic
2, diamagnetic
3, paramagnetic
5, paramagnetic
7, paramagnetic
Answer: D
Difficulty: M
49.
A ground-state atom of vanadium has ___ unpaired electrons and is _____.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
0, diamagnetic
2, diamagnetic
3, paramagnetic
5, paramagnetic
4, diamagnetic
Answer: C
Difficulty: M
136
CHAPTER 7: QUANTUM THEORY AND THE ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE OF ATOMS
50.
A ground-state atom of iron has ___ unpaired electrons and is _____.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
0, diamagnetic
6, diamagnetic
3, paramagnetic
5, paramagnetic
4, paramagnetic
Answer: E
Difficulty: M
51.
Transition metal elements have atoms or ions with partially filled
A. s subshells.
B. p subshells.
C. d subshells.
D. f subshells.
E. g subshells.
Answer: C
Difficulty: E
52.
Lanthanide (or rare earth elements) have atoms or ions with partially filled
A. s subshells.
B. p subshells.
C. d subshells.
D. f subshells.
E. g subshells.
Answer: D
Difficulty: E
53.
Which choice lists two elements with ground-state electron configurations that are wellknown exceptions to the Aufbau principle?
A. Cu and C
B. Cr and Cu
C. Cs and Cl
D. Rb and Co
Answer: B
Difficulty: M
54.
A ground-state chromium atom has how many unpaired electrons?
A. 1
B. 2
Answer: E
Difficulty: M
C. 4
D. 5
E. 6
E. Fe and Co
137
55.
CHAPTER 7: QUANTUM THEORY AND THE ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE OF ATOMS
Which of the following is the electron configuration of an excited state of an oxygen
atom?
A. 1s22s22p4
B. 1s22s22p5
C. 1s22s22p33s1
D. 1s22s22p6
E. 1s22s22p3
Answer: C
Difficulty: M
56.
Which of the following is the electron configuration of an excited state of an iron atom?
A. [Ar]4s23d7
B. [Ar]4s23d6
C. [Ar]4s23d8
D. [Ar]4s13d7
E. [Ar]4s13d5
Answer: D
Difficulty: M
57.
Which of the following is the electron configuration of an excited state of a copper atom?
A. [Ar]4s23d9
B. [Ar]4s13d10
C. [Ar]4s13d8
D. [Ar]4s23d8
E. [Ar]4s03d10
Answer: A
Difficulty: M
58.
The ground-state electron configuration of Cr, Mo, and Ag are exceptions to the Aufbau
principle. Which of the following is the electron configuration for Mo?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
[Kr]5s14d5
[Kr]5s24d4
[Xe]6s25d4
[Ar]4s24d4
[Kr]5s24d6
Answer: A
Difficulty: M
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
59.
Write the ground state electron configuration for the selenium atom.
Answer: [Ar] 4s23d104p4
Difficulty: M
138
CHAPTER 7: QUANTUM THEORY AND THE ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE OF ATOMS
60.
Draw the orbital diagram for a selenium atom in its ground state.
Answer: [Ar]
4s
Difficulty: M
61.
3d
4p
Write the ground state electron configuration for the phosphorus atom.
Answer: [Ne] 3s23p3
Difficulty: M
62.
Draw the orbital diagram for the phosphorus atom in its ground state.
Answer: [Ne]
3s
Difficulty: M
63.
3p
Calculate the energy of a photon of light with a wavelength of 360 nm.
Answer: 5.5 10 19 J
Difficulty: M
64.
What is the difference in the electron configuration between carbon14 and carbon12?
Answer: There is no difference
Difficulty: E
65.
With regard to electron behavior, what happens when light is absorbed or emitted by an
atom?
Answer: The electrons move between orbitals.
Difficulty: E
66.
What is the total number of electrons possible in the 2p orbitals?
Answer: 6
Difficulty: E
67.
What is the total number of electrons possible in the 6s orbital?
Answer: 2
Difficulty: E
139
68.
CHAPTER 7: QUANTUM THEORY AND THE ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE OF ATOMS
What is the ground-state electron configuration for chlorine?
Answer: 1s22s22p63s23p5
Difficulty: M
69.
or
[Ne]3s23p5
If one electron is added to the outer shell of chlorine, to which element would the
configuration be similar?
Answer: Argon
Difficulty: E
70.
What is the electron configuration of calcium?
Answer: 1s22s22p63s23p64s2 or
Difficulty: M
71.
[Ar]4s2
If we take away two electrons from the outer shell of calcium, to which element would
the structure be similar?
Answer: Argon
Difficulty: E
72.
The colors of the visible spectrum are red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and violet.
Of these colors, has the most energy, and the least energy.
Answer: violet, red
Difficulty: E
73.
What is the outermost electron configuration of (a) O (b) S (c) Se (d) Te?
Answer: (a) 2s22p4 (b) 3s23p4 (c) 4s23d104p4 (d) 5s24d105p4
Difficulty: M
74.
What is the outermost electron configuration of (a) Be (b) Mg (c) Ca (d) Sr?
Answer: (a) 2s2
Difficulty: M
75.
(b) 3s2
(c) 4s2
(d) 5s2
What is the wavelength, in meters, of an alpha particle with a kinetic energy of
8.0 1013 J. [mass of an alpha particle = 4.00150 amu; 1 amu = 1.67 1027 kg]
Answer: 6.4 1015 m
Difficulty: M
CHAPTER 7: QUANTUM THEORY AND THE ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE OF ATOMS
76.
140
What is the wavelength of a ball bearing with a mass of 10.0 g, and a velocity of
10.0 cm/s?
Answer: 6.63 1022 nm
Difficulty: M
77.
The bonds of oxygen molecules are broken by sunlight. The minimum energy required to
break the oxygen-oxygen bond is 495 kJ/mol. What is the wavelength of sunlight that
can cause this bond breakage? What type of electromagnetic radiation is this?
Answer: 242 nm, ultraviolet radiation
Difficulty: M
TRUE-FALSE QUESTIONS
78.
The Bohr model of the hydrogen atom found its greatest support in experimental work on
the photoelectric effect.
Answer: F
Difficulty: M
79.
An electron in a 3p orbital could have a value of 2 for its angular momentum quantum
number (l).
Answer: F
Difficulty: M
80.
A neon atom in its ground state will be diamagnetic.
Answer: T
Difficulty: M
81.
Each shell (principal energy level) of quantum number n contains n subshells.
Answer: T
Difficulty: E
82.
For all atoms of the same element, the 2s orbital is larger than the 1s orbital.
Answer: T
Difficulty: E
141
83.
CHAPTER 7: QUANTUM THEORY AND THE ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE OF ATOMS
According to de Broglie's equation, the wavelength associated with the motion of a
particle increases as the particle mass decreases.
Answer: T
Difficulty: E
84.
The frequency of the emitted light from a cesium atom is an intensive property.
Answer: T
Difficulty: E
