INDUSTRIAL FASTENERS INSTITUTE
6363 Oak Tree Boulevard Independence, Ohio 44131 USA, www.indfast.org
Coarse Threads are Generally Better for Assembly
Is a coarse thread better than a fine thread or vice versa? This is a recurring question heard in the fastener
industry, and it is this authors general opinion that coarse threads have many assembly benefits over fine threads.
Five reasons for selecting coarse threads:
1. Parts with coarse threads assemble faster than parts with fine threads. A 3/8-16 part installs in 67% of the time it
takes to install a 3/8-24 part. It takes 24 revolutions to advance a part having 24 threads per inch (TPI) one inch
while it takes only 16 revolutions to advance a part one inch if it has 16 threads per inch.
2. Coarse threads have a greater resistance to stripping out than fine threads when the length of thread engagement is short. Coarse threads have a greater height than corresponding fine threads; therefore the coarse
threads have a greater volume of material between each thread to resist stripping. The thread height of a 10-24
screw is 33% greater than a 10-32 screw. For this particular reason I believe all thread-cutting screws and
thread-rolling screws should always have coarse threads.
3. Coarse threads are less affected by thread nicking. Since fine threads are shallower than coarse threads, fine
threads are proportionally more distorted by a nick of a given size. The thread height on a 1/2-13 bolt is 53%
greater than that on a 1/2-20 bolt. Thread gaging problems and thread interference during assembly due to
thread nicking is a frequent problem on fine thread bolt diameters of 3/8 inch or M10 and larger.
4. Coarse threads are less affected by plating build-up. The plating allowance for fine threads is less than for coarse
threads. The plating allowance for a 3/4-10 2A thread is 20% greater than that for a 3/4-16 2A thread. A given
plating thickness consumes a greater percentage of the plating allowance on fine threads than it does on the corresponding coarse threads. Fine threads have more gaging and assembly problems than do coarse threads due
to plating build-up.
5. In stainless steel threaded assemblies, coarse threads are much less likely to gall than are fine threads. Surface
friction between mating stainless steel threads causes thread galling. The closer the fit between mating threads
and the more rotations the threads have to experience, the greater the chances become for thread galling. The
minimum clearance between the pitch diameters of a 3/8-16 2A external thread and a 3/8-16 2B internal thread is
18% greater than that between a 3/8-24 2A external thread and a 3/8-24 2B internal thread. Since fine threaded
components have less pitch diameter clearance and they must rotate more times than coarse threaded components to make a fastening, the finely threaded products are more likely to experience galling.
IFI
Technical Bulletin
Published and issued by the
Industrial Fasteners Institute
of Independence, OH
Coarse Threads are Generally
Better for Assembly
IFI
Page 1 of 2
Issued: Jan., 2001
All standards and specifications are advisory only. Their use by anyone is entirely voluntary. Reliance thereon for any purpose by anyone is at the sole risk of that person or the
user of the product, and the IFI is not responsible for any loss, claim, or damage arising therefrom. In formulating and approving standards and specifications, the IFI has not
investigated and will not investigate patents which may apply to the subject matter. Prospective users of the standards and specifications are responsible for advising themselves
of and protecting themselves against any patent infringement liability which may arise out of such use. INDUSTRIAL FASTENERS INSTITUTE 2008
INDUSTRIAL FASTENERS INSTITUTE
6363 Oak Tree Boulevard Independence, Ohio 44131 USA, www.indfast.org
ONE REASON FOR CONSIDERING FINE THREADS
The one point that usually motivates users to select fine-thread parts over coarse-thread parts is that parts
with a fine-thread have a slightly larger tensile stress area and, therefore should have a higher tensile strength than
do corresponding coarse-thread parts. This is a valid point only when both parts have the same hardness.
When the hardness range of a given performance grade of fastener is considered, half of all coarse-thread
parts may have tensile strengths equal to or greater than fine-thread parts within the same performance grade.
Example:
Grade 5
Hardness Range
PSI
RC 25
Ultimate Tensile Strength (lbs.)
1/2-13
1/2-20
120,000
17,028
19,188
RC 26
123,555
17,532
19,756
RC 27
127,110
18,037
20,325
RC 28
130,665
18,541
20,893
RC 29
134,220
19,046
21,462
RC 30
137,775
19,550
22,030
RC 31
141,330
20,055
22,599
RC 32
144,885
20,559
23,167
RC 33
148,440
21,064
23,736
RC 34
152,000
21,569
24,305
Tensile Stress Area (sq. in.)
0.1419
0.1599
The hardness range for SAE J429 Grade 5 is Rockwell C 25 to 34. This chart shows that a 1/2-13 bolt having a hardness of RC 30 to 34 will have an ultimate tensile strength greater than a 1/2-20 bolt having a hardness of
RC 24 to 29. When this substantial overlap in strengths is recognized, the reason for selecting fine-thread parts over
coarse-thread parts is not very compelling.
COARSE THREADS SHOULD GENERALLY BE SELECTED
For general industrial applications it appears there are five good reasons why coarse threads should be
selected and one very marginal reason why fine threads might be selected. This analysis of benefits of coarse versus
fine threads is the result of this authors thirty years of experience in both applications engineering and quality assurance. It is the authors opinion that coarse threads should always be selected for industrial applications unless there
is a very compelling reason or application not covered by this article.
Disclaimer: All information provided in this document and/or presentation is based on data the Industrial Fasteners
Institute believes to be reliable and accurate. Such information is intended for use by persons at their own discretion
and risk. The information here in is based on industry standards and recognized practices. The Industrial Fasteners
Institute and the representatives providing this material assume no responsibility for the content.
IFI
Technical Bulletin
Published and issued by the
Industrial Fasteners Institute
of Independence, OH
Coarse Threads are Generally
Better for Assembly
IFI
Page 2 of 2
Issued: Jan., 2001
All standards and specifications are advisory only. Their use by anyone is entirely voluntary. Reliance thereon for any purpose by anyone is at the sole risk of that person or the
user of the product, and the IFI is not responsible for any loss, claim, or damage arising therefrom. In formulating and approving standards and specifications, the IFI has not
investigated and will not investigate patents which may apply to the subject matter. Prospective users of the standards and specifications are responsible for advising themselves
of and protecting themselves against any patent infringement liability which may arise out of such use. INDUSTRIAL FASTENERS INSTITUTE 2008
