BUS RESERVATION PROGRAM
IN C++ USING TURBO C++ 3.0
Project report submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the
award of the Degree of B.Tech
in
Computer Science and Engineering
SUBMITTED BY:
SUBMITTED TO:
Amit Kataria
Dr. Ritu Sindhu
12-CSE-05
Head of Dept. (CSE)
SGT INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY,
BHUDHERA(GURGAON.), HARYANA (INDIA)
DECLARATION
This is to certify that project report entitled RIVIEWNOW.IN which is
submitted by me in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of
degree B.TECH. from SGT INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND
TECHNOLOGY
SGT
GROUP
OF
INSTITUTIONS,
BHUDHERA(GURGAON.), HARYANA (INDIA) comprises only my original
work and due acknowledgement has been made in the text to all other material
used.
Date:
AMIT KATARIA
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Completing a task is never one-man effort. It is often the result of invaluable
contribution of number of individuals in a direct or indirect manner that helps in
sharing a making success.
I take this opportunity to express my deep sense of gratitude & whole hearted thanks
to my guide Mr.Girish for his valuable guidance and keep interest and affection
encouragement thought the work.
With due respect, I would like to thank Mr.Girish for her informative and illuminative
guidance.
I thank to all who have directly or indirectly helped me during the course of this task.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. ABSTRACT
2. INTRODUCTION
3. SYSTEM STUDY
4. STUDY OF EXISTING SYSTEM
5. PROPOSED SYSTEM
6. INTRODUCTION ABOUT FRONT END
7. INTRODUCTION ABOUT BACKEND
8. SYSTEM SPECIFICATION
9. DATABASE DESIGN
10.LOGICAL DESIGN
11.WHAT CONTRIBUTION WOULD PROJECT MAKE
12.CODING
13.OUTPUT
14.FEASIBILITY STUDY
15.TECHNICAL feasibility
16.OPERATIONAL FEASIBILITY
17.ECONOMICAL FEASIBILITY
18.TESTING
19.OBJECTIVE OF SOFTWARE TESTING
20.PRINCIPLES OF SOFTWARE TESTING
21.STRATERGY OF SOFTWARE TESTING
22.REFRENCES
ABSTRACT
Traveling is a large growing business in India and other countries. Bus
reservation system deals with maintenance of records of details of each
passenger who had reserved a seat for a journey. It also includes maintenance of
information like schedule and details of each bus.
We observed the working of the Bus reservation system and after going through
it, we get to know that there are many operations, which they have to do
manually. It takes a lot of time and causes many errors. Due to this, sometimes a
lot of problems occur and they were facing many disputes with customers. To
solve the above problem, and further maintaining records of items, seat
availability for customers, price of per seat, bill generation and other things, we
are offering this proposal of reservation system.
By using this software, we can reserve tickets from any part of the world,
through telephone lines, via internet. This project provides and checks all sorts
of constraints so that user does give only useful data and thus validation is done
in an effective way.
INTRODUCTION
Our project is to computerize traveling company to manage data, so that all the
transactions become fast and there should not be any error in transaction like
calculation mistake, bill generation and other things. It replaces all the paper
work. It keeps records of all bills also, giving to ensure 100% successful
implementation of the computerized Bus reservation system.
Our reservation system has three modules. First module helps the customer to
enquire the availability of seats in a particular bus at particular date. Second
module helps him to reserve a ticket. Using third module he can cancel a
reserved ticket.
SYSTEM STUDY
System study aims at establishing requests for the system to be acquired,
development and installed. It involves studying and analyzing the ways of an
organization currently processing the data to produce information. Analyzing
the problem thoroughly forms the vital part of the system study. In system
analysis, prevailing situation of problem is carefully examined by breaking
them into sub problems. Problematic areas are identified and information is
collected. Data gathering is essential to any analysis of requests. It is necessary
that this analysis familiarizes the designer with objectives, activities and the
function of the organization in which the system is to be implemented.
Study of existing system
Existing system is totally on book and thus a great amount of manual
work has to be done. The amount of manual work increases exponentially
with increase in bus services.
Needs a lot of working staff and extra attention on all the records.
In existing system, there are various problems like keeping records of
items, seats available, prices of per/seat and fixing bill generation on each
bill.
Finding out details regarding any information is very difficult, as the user
has to go through all the books manually.
Major problem was the lack of security.
Proposed system
The system is very simple in design and to implement. The system requires very
low system resources and the system will work in almost all configurations. It
has got following features
Ensure data accuracy.
Records are efficiently maintained by DBMS.
DBMS also provides security for the information.
Any person across the world, having internet can access this service.
Availability of seats can be enquired very easily.
Passengers can also cancel their tickets easily.
Minimum time needed for the various processing.
Better Service.
Minimum time required.
This would help the corporation prepare and organize its schedules more
efficiently on the basis of traffic demand.
Introduction about the front end(.NET)
This proposed software is going to be development using the latest technology
from Microsoft called Microsoft .NET and it is the software that connects
information, people, systems, and devices. It spans clients, servers, and
developer tools, consists of:
The .NET Framework 3.0 used for building and running all kinds of
software, including Web-based applications, smart client applications,
Mobile applications etc.
Development tools, such as Microsoft Visual Studio .NET 2010, which
provides an integrated development environment (IDE) for maximizing
development productivity with the .NET Framework.
Introduction about the back end(SQL SERVER 2008)
Microsoft SQL Server 2008 is comprehensive, integrated data management and
analysis software that enables organizations to reliably manage mission-critical
information and confidently run todays increasingly complex business
applications. SQL Server 2008 allows companies to gain greater insight from
their business information and achieve faster results for a competitive
advantage.
SQL Server is the fastest growing Database and Business Intelligence
vendor.
SQL Server is more secure than Oracle. Since July 2003 more than 100
critical Oracle database security vulnerabilities have been identified,
compared to ZERO for SQL Server for that period.
SYSTEM SPECIFICATION
Hardware Requirements:
PC with intel core processor(or more config).
512 MB RAM or above.
40 GB Hard Disk or above.
Software Requirements:
Operating system
: Windows XP (or latest).
Front end
: Visual C sharp
Platform
: ASP.NET (.NET web platform 3.0 or
above)
Integrated development environment(IDE): Visual Studio 10.0
Back end
: SQL SERVER 2008
DATABASE DESIGN
Conceptual design
1.)
Requirement Analysis:
What data is needed?
List of Entities:
Bus
Passenger
Route
Reserves
List of attributes:
Bus:
1. Bus id
2. Type
1. AC (or) Non-AC
2. Sleeper (or) Not
Maximum seats
Route information:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Route id
To location
From location
Depart date
Depart time
Fare
Reserves information:
1. Ticket number
2. Passenger id
3. Route id
Passenger information:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Passenger id
Name
Mobile number
E-mail
List of Relations:
Reserves
Has
ER-MODEL:
Logical design:
1. PASSENGER: Keeps record of passengers.
S.no Field name Data type Description
Constraints
PID
Integer
Primary key
Name
varchar(20) Name of the passenger
Mobile
Bigint
Email
varchar(30) Email id of the passenger
Passenger identity number
Mobile number of the passenger
Schema definition:
CREATE TABLE passenger(PID integer primary key,name varchar(20)
,mobile bigint,email varchar(30));
2. ROUTE: Keeps record of schedules.
S.no Field name
Data type Description
Constraints
RID
Integer
Route identity number Primary key
BID
Integer
Bus identity number
To_location
varchar(20) Starting point
From_location varchar(20) Destination point
Fare
Real
Fare for journey
Depart_date
Date
Departure date
Depart_time
time(7)
Departure time
Foreign key
Schema definition:
CREATE TABLE passenger(RID integer primary key,BID
integer,from_location varchar(20) ,to_location varchar(20),Fare real,depart_date
date,depart_time time(7),foreign key (bid) references BUS(bid));
3. RESERVES: Reservation table.
S.no Field name Data type Description
Constraints
Ticket_no
Integer
Ticket number
Primary key
RID
Integer
Route identify number
Foreign key
PID
Integer
Passenger identity number Foreign key
Schema definition:
CREATE TABLE passenger(Ticket_no integer primary key,RID integer,PID
integer,foreign key (rid) references ROUTE(rid),foreign key (pid) references
PASSENGER(pid));
4. BUS: Bus details.
S.no Field name Data type Description
1
BID
Integer
Bname
varchar(20) Bus name
Max_seats
Integer
Type_ac
varchar(3) Ac or not
Type_sleeper varchar(3) Sleeper or not
Constraints
Bus identity number Primary key
Seats in bus
Schema definition:
CREATE TABLE passenger(BID integer primary key,Bname varchar(20)
,Max_seats Integer,Type_ac varchar(3),Type_sleeper varchar(3))
WHAT CONTRIBUTION WOULD THE PROJECT MAKE?
This is an era of information technology where automation of each and every
activity is gaining importance. The site will lead to the automation of the rating.
Moreover it is far better than the previous such websites.
Computerized vs. Manually
Automated process of examination is much better than the manual system as it
has following.
Advantages:
ficiency
CODING
#include "conio.h"
#include "stdio.h"
#include "iostream.h"
#include "string.h"
#include "graphics.h"
#include "stdlib.h"
#include "dos.h"
static int p=0;
class a
{
char busn[5],driver[10],arrival[5],depart[5],from[10],to[10],
seat[8][4][10];
public:
void install();
void allotment();
void empty();
void show();
void avail();
void position(int i);
}
bus[10];
void vline(char ch)
{
for (int i=80;i>0;i--)
cout<<ch;
}
void a::install()
{
cout<<"Enter bus no: ";
cin>>bus[p].busn;
cout<<"\n Enter Driver's name: ";
cin>>bus[p].driver;
cout<<"\n Arrival time: ";
cin>>bus[p].arrival;
cout<<"\n Departure: ";
cin>>bus[p].depart;
cout<<"\n From: \t\t\t";
cin>>bus[p].from;
cout<<"\n To: \t\t\t";
cin>>bus[p].to;
bus[p].empty();
p++;
}
void a::allotment()
{
int seat;
char number[5];
top:
cout<<"Bus no: ";
cin>>number;
int n;
for(n=0;n<=p;n++)
{
if(strcmp(bus[n].busn,number)==0)
break;
}
while(n<=p)
{
cout<<"\n Seat number: ";
cin>>seat;
if (seat>32)
{
cout<<"\n There are only 32 seats available in this
bus.";
}
else
{
if (strcmp(bus[n].seat[seat/4][(seat%4)-1],"Empty")==0)
{
cout<<"Enter passanger's name: ";
cin>>bus[n].seat[seat/4][(seat%4)-1];
break;
}
else
cout<<"The seat no. is already reserved.\n";
}
}
if (n>p)
{
cout<<"Enter correct bus no.\n";
goto top;
}
}
void a::empty()
{
for(int i=0;i<8;i++)
{
for(int j=0;j<4;j++)
{
strcpy(bus[p].seat[i][j],"Empty");
}
}
}
void a::show()
{
int n;
char number[5];
cout<<"Enter bus no: ";
cin>>number;
for(n=0;n<=p;n++)
{
if(strcmp(bus[n].busn,number)==0)
break;
}
while (n<=p)
{
vline('*');
cout<<" Bus no: \t"<<bus[n].busn
<<"\n Driver: \t"<<bus[n].driver<<"\t\t Arrival time:\t"
<<bus[n].arrival<<"\t Departure time:\t"<<bus[n].depart
<<"\n From:\t\t"<<bus[n].from<<"\t\t To: \t\t\t"<<
bus[n].to<<"\n";
vline('*');
bus[0].position(n);
int a=1;
for (int i=0;i<8;i++)
{
for(int j=0;j<4;j++)
{
a++;
if(strcmp(bus[n].seat[i][j],"Empty")!=0)
cout<<"\n The seat no "<<a-1<<" is reserved
for "<<bus[n].seat[i][j]<<" .";
}
}break;
if(n>p)
cout<<"enter correct bus no.";
}
void a::position(int l)
{
int s=0,p=0;
for(int i=0;i<8;i++)
{
cout<<"\n";
for(int j=0;j<4;j++)
{
s++;
if(strcmp(bus[l].seat[i][j],"Empty")==0)
{
cout.width(5);
cout.fill(' ');
cout<<s<<".";
cout.width(10);
cout.fill(' ');
cout<<bus[l].seat[i][j];
p++;
}
else
{
cout.width(5);
cout.fill(' ');
cout<<s<<".";
cout.width(10);
cout.fill(' ');
cout<<bus[l].seat[i][j];
}
}
}
cout<<"\n\n There are "<<p<<" seats empty in Bus No:
"<<bus[l].busn;
}
void a::avail()
{
for(int n=0;n<p;n++)
{
vline('*');
cout<<"Bus no: \t"<<bus[n].busn<<"\nDriver:
\t"<<bus[n].driver<<"\t\tArrival time:\t"<<bus[n].arrival<<"\tDeparture Time:
\t"<<bus[n].depart<<"\n From: \t\t"<<bus[n].from<<"\t\t To:
\t\t\t"<<bus[n].to<<"\n";
vline('*');
vline('_');
}
}
void main()
{
clrscr();
int w;
int gd=DETECT,gm;
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"d:\\tc\\bgi");//enter the path of ur c compiler where
u installed it.
setbkcolor(GREEN);
while(1)
{
cout<<"\n\n\n\n";
cout<<"\t\t\t 1.Install\n\t\t\t 2.Reservation\n\t\t\t 3.Show \n\t\t\t
4.Buses Available. \n\t\t\t 5.Exit";
cout<<"\n\t\t\t Enter your choice:-> ";
cin>>w;
switch(w)
{
case 1:
bus[p].install();
break;
case 2:
bus[p].allotment();
break;
case 3:
bus[0].show();
break;
case 4:
bus[0].avail();
break;
case 5:
exit(0);
}
}
}
OUTPUT:
FEASIBILITY STUDY
Once scope has been identified (with the concurrence of the customer), it
is reasonable to ask: Can we build software to meet this scope? Is the
project feasible? All too often, software engineers rush past this
questions (or are pushed past them by impatient managers or customers),
only to becomemired in a project that is doomed from the onset.
When we are developing the system (software), we must know the
proposed system will be feasible or i.e. practically implemented or not it
may possible the proposed (candidate) system may not implemented due
to many reasons like it may take long time in development than the
specified time limit ,cost may increase than proposed one etc. Therefore
we must analyze the feasibility of the system.
Feasibility is the analysis of risks, costs & benefits relating to economics,
technology & user operation.
There are several types of feasibility depending on the aspect they covers.
Some important feasibilities is as follows:(I) Technical Feasibility
(II) Operational Feasibility
(III) Economical Feasibility
Economic analysis is the most frequently used evaluating the
effectiveness of proposed system, more commonly known as Benefit
analysis. The Benefit analysis is to determine benefits and savings which
are expected from candidate system and compare them with cost. If the
benefits are more than the cost, then decision is made to design and
implement the system. The cost and benefits may be direct or indirect and
tangible or intangible.
TECHNICAL FEASIBILTIY:The technically feasibility study basically centers on alternatives for hardware,
software and design approach to determine the functional aspects of system.
This project on Bus Reservation is based on c++ .
MS-Access database will be used for storing data.
Hardware requirements used are compatible with all O.S. The system can also
be expanded as per the needs of requirement specification.
OPERATIONAL FEASIBILTY:Operational Feasibility is a measure of how people are able to work with
system. This type of feasibility demands if the system will work when
developed and installed.
Since System is very user friendly so users will find it comfortable to work on
this code.
ECONOMICAL FEASIBILITY:Economic analysis is the most frequently used evaluating the effectiveness of
proposed system, more commonly known as Benefit analysis. The Benefit
analysis is to determine benefits and savings which are expected from candidate
system and compare them with cost. If the benefits are more than the cost, then
decision is made to design and implement the system. The cost and benefits
may be direct or indirect and tangible or intangible.
TESTING
Software testing is the process of executing a program with intension of
finding errors inthe code. It is a process of evolution of system or its parts
by manual or automatic meansto verify that it is satisfying specified or
requirements or not.
Generally, no system is perfect due to communication problems between
user anddeveloper, time constraints, or conceptual mistakes by developer.
To purpose of system testing is to check and find out these errors or faults
as early aspossible so losses due to it can be saved.
Testing is the fundamental process of software success.
Testing is not a distinct phase in system development life cycle but
should be applicablethroughout all phases i.e. design development and
maintenance phase.
Testing is used to show incorrectness and considered to success when an
error isdetected.
OBJECTIVES OF SOFTWARE TESTING.
The software testing is usually performed for the following objectives: SOFTWARE QUALITY IMPROVEMENT: - The computer and the
software are mainly used for complex and critical applications and a bug
or fault in software causes severe losses. So a great consideration is
required for checking for quality of software.
VERIFICATION AND VALIDATION: Verification means to test that we are building the product in right way
.i.e. arewe using the correct procedure for the development of software so
that it can meetthe user requirements.
Validation means to check whether we are building the right product or
not.
SOFTWARE RELIABILTY ESTIMATION: - The objective is to
discover theresidual designing errors before delivery to the customer. The
failure data during processare taken down in order to estimate the
software reliability.
PRINCIPLES OF SOFTWARE TESTING
Software testing is an extremely creative and challenging task. Some
important principlesof software testing are as given: All tests should be traceable to customer requirements.
Testing time and resources should be limited i.e. avoid redundant
testing.
It is impossible to test everything.
Use effective resources to test.
Test should be planned long before testing begins i.e. after
requirement phase.
Test for invalid and unexpected input conditions as well as valid
conditions.
Testing should begin in in the small and progress towards testing
in the large.
For the most effective testing should be conducted by an
independent party.
Keep software static (without change mean while) during test.
Document test cases and test results.
Examining what the software not doing which it expected to do and
also checkingwhat it is doing that was not expected to do.
STRATEGY FOR SOFTWARE TESTING
Different levels of testing are used in the test process; each level of testing aims
to test differentaspects of the system.
The first level is unit testing. In this testing, individual components are
tested toensure that they operate correctly. It focuses on verification
efforts.
The second level is integration testing. It is a systematic technique for
constructingthe program structure. In this testing, many tested modules
are combined into thesubsystem which are then tested. The good here is
to see if the modules can beintegrated properly.
Third level is integration testing System testing is actually a series of
different testswhose primary purpose is to fully exercise computer based
system. These tests falloutside scope of software process and are not
conducted solely by software engineers.
REFERENCES
The following books were very helpful during the completion of project:
1. Practical C++ Programming
Author : ORiley
2. Code Complete
Author : Steve McConnell
3. Software Engineering Concept
Author :
Fairle
Publisher:
Tata McGraw Hill Publication, 3rd Edition
4. Software Engineering Principles
Author :
Pressman
5. www.cplusplus.com
