sminaire : Chimie et Technologie sucrires.

Filtration in sugar processing

Filtration in sugar processing

Name Tim Diringer

email: [email protected]

Putsch GmbH & Co. KG

Frankfurter Str. 5-21

58095 Hagen

sminaire : Chimie et Technologie sucrires.

Filtration basics

Name Tim Diringer

email: [email protected]

Putsch GmbH & Co. KG

Frankfurter Str. 5-21

58095 Hagen

sminaire : Chimie et Technologie sucrires.

Filtration is a mechanical procedure

to separate solids out of suspensions or aerosoles

The word Filtration has its origin in the word felt ,

because in former times felt was used to separate solids from liquids

Name Tim Diringer

email: [email protected]

Putsch GmbH & Co. KG

Frankfurter Str. 5-21

58095 Hagen

sminaire : Chimie et Technologie sucrires.

Different types of filtration

Surface filtration

Deep bed filtration

Solids stay on the filter surface

Solids stay inside the filter

media

Cake filtration

Screen filtration Cross flow filtration

Candle filter

Strainer

Frame filter

Sibomats

Parabolic screen

Sand filter

Rotary drum filter

Filter presses
Name Tim Diringer
email: [email protected]

Putsch GmbH & Co. KG

Frankfurter Str. 5-21

58095 Hagen

sminaire : Chimie et Technologie sucrires.

Mathematical bases of filtration

Name Tim Diringer

email: [email protected]

Putsch GmbH & Co. KG

Frankfurter Str. 5-21

58095 Hagen

sminaire : Chimie et Technologie sucrires.

Darcy equation
(related to cake thickness)

P1
p =

* L * I * rL

A
rL (m -2)

m/s
Pa =

* m * Pa * s * m
m

L (m)
V

Flow rate

A (m)

Pressure

P2

Filter area

Cake thickness

I dynamic viscosity

rL

Name Tim Diringer

email: [email protected]

Putsch GmbH & Co. KG

filtration resistance

Frankfurter Str. 5-21

58095 Hagen

sminaire : Chimie et Technologie sucrires.

Darcy equation
(related to cake mass)

P1
p =

ms

*
A

r (m/kg)

* I * r

m/s
Pa =

*
m

Ms / A
V

Flow rate

A (m)

Pressure

P2

Area

Ms Cake mass (dry)

I Dynamic viskosity of the fluid
rL

Name Tim Diringer

email: [email protected]

Putsch GmbH & Co. KG

Filtration resistance

Frankfurter Str. 5-21

kg

58095 Hagen

m
* Pa * s *

kg

sminaire : Chimie et Technologie sucrires.

Filtration with compressible filter cake

Ps + PL = Ptot

PL
PS

r = f (Ps)
0

Name Tim Diringer

email: [email protected]

Pges

Putsch GmbH & Co. KG

Frankfurter Str. 5-21

58095 Hagen

sminaire : Chimie et Technologie sucrires.

Filtration in the sugar industry

Sugar Cane

Sugar beet

Refinery

Pulp separation

Parabolic
screen

1. Filtration

Candle filters

2. Filtration

Frame filter

Carbonated liquor

Frame filter

Safety filtration

Filter press

Phosphated liquor

Disk filter

Concentrated
carbonated slurry

Concentrated

Drum filter

mud juice

Filter press

Raw liquor

Candle filter

Filter press

drum filter
Filterpress
Sibomat

Thick juice filtration

Candle filter Liquor filtration

Thick juice filtration

Sibomat

Liquor filtration

Candle filter

Silo air dedusting

Candle filter Silo air dedusting Candle filter

Name Tim Diringer

email: [email protected]

Parabolic screen

Liquor filtration

Putsch GmbH & Co. KG

Frankfurter Str. 5-21

Silo air dedusting

58095 Hagen

Sibomat
Candle filter
Candle filter

sminaire : Chimie et Technologie sucrires.

Juice purification in beet sugar factories

Pre liming

Main liming

1. Carbonatation

Filtration of concentrated carbonated juice

Thin juice

Name Tim Diringer

email: [email protected]

Safety filtration

Putsch GmbH & Co. KG

Post liming

2. Filtration

Frankfurter Str. 5-21

1.Filtration

58095 Hagen

2. Carbonatation

sminaire : Chimie et Technologie sucrires.

1st und 2nd Filtration

Separation of carbonate crystals and thin juice

Filtration task:
Concentration of suspended solids from 50 g/l in carbonated juice
up to 200 250 g/l in concentrated carbonated juice

Name Tim Diringer

email: [email protected]

Putsch GmbH & Co. KG

Frankfurter Str. 5-21

58095 Hagen

sminaire : Chimie et Technologie sucrires.

Influences on first and second filtration

Process errors in steps prior to filtration

To high temperatures in the diffusion tower

Non optimum pH profile in the pre limer
Insufficient return of concnetrated carbonated mud to the pre limer
Bad gas distribution in the carbonation vessels
Insufficient retention time in carbonation vessels
Bad pH control in first carbonation vessel

Name Tim Diringer

email: [email protected]

Putsch GmbH & Co. KG

Frankfurter Str. 5-21

58095 Hagen

sminaire : Chimie et Technologie sucrires.

To evaluate the filtration abilities of 1st carbonated

juice Brieghel-Mller introduced the FK-Value

Increase of filtration resistance

per filtrated volume
The filtration time for the first (0-1) and for the fifth (4-5) milliliter
has to be recorded.

The filtration coefficient (FK value) is the time difference (sec)

between the fifth (t1) and 1st (t2) milliliter multiplied by a conversion
factor (if necessary)

FK = q * (t1 t2)

s/cm

Filtration abilities are good if the FK value is below 2 s/cm

Name Tim Diringer

email: [email protected]

Putsch GmbH & Co. KG

Frankfurter Str. 5-21

58095 Hagen

sminaire : Chimie et Technologie sucrires.

Filter types for 1st and 2nd Filtration

Candle Filter

Name Tim Diringer

email: [email protected]

Putsch GmbH & Co. KG

Frame Filter

Frankfurter Str. 5-21

58095 Hagen

sminaire : Chimie et Technologie sucrires.

Advantages of candle filters

Large filtration area in compact design
High flow rate per area
1 m/mh for 1st carbonated juice

1,5 m/mh for 2nd carbonated juice

2 m/mh for safety filtration

Easy mud discharge by back flushing

Easy change of complete intermediate bottom

Disadvantage of candle filters

No closing of separate registers
Big vessels
High weight of intermediate bottom

Name Tim Diringer

email: [email protected]

Putsch GmbH & Co. KG

Frankfurter Str. 5-21

58095 Hagen

sminaire : Chimie et Technologie sucrires.

Advantages of frame filters

Large filtration area in compact design
High flow rate per area
1 m/mh for 1st carbonated juice

1,5 m/mh for 2nd carbonated juice

2 m/mh for safety filtration

Possibility to close separate registers

Disadvantages of frame filters

Long down times while changing filter cloth

Big vessels

Name Tim Diringer

email: [email protected]

Putsch GmbH & Co. KG

Frankfurter Str. 5-21

58095 Hagen

sminaire : Chimie et Technologie sucrires.

Filtration curve of a standard filter system

m/m*h

spezific filtration rate

high
performance

average performance
low performance

end of cycle new cycle

0
time, cake thickness, filtration pressure (p), solids in concentrated mud

Name Tim Diringer

email: [email protected]

Putsch GmbH & Co. KG

Frankfurter Str. 5-21

58095 Hagen

sminaire : Chimie et Technologie sucrires.

Filtration curve of an optimized filtration cycle

m/m*h

specific filtration rate

high
filtration rate

filtration rate

cycle end new cycle

0
time, cake thickness, filtration pressure (Dp), solids in concentrated mud

Name Tim Diringer

email: [email protected]

Putsch GmbH & Co. KG

Frankfurter Str. 5-21

58095 Hagen

sminaire : Chimie et Technologie sucrires.

Name Tim Diringer

email: [email protected]

Putsch GmbH & Co. KG

Frankfurter Str. 5-21

58095 Hagen

sminaire : Chimie et Technologie sucrires.

Filtration with candle filter

pre filtration

V 1 Slurry inlet
V3

Outlet concentrated carbonated slurry

V 3.1 Complete discharging

V7

V6

Back flush of carbonated juice

V7

Recirculation

V6
V1

V 3.1
V3

carbonated
slurry

concentrated
carbonated
slurry

Putsch GmbH & Co. KG

filtrate

Frankfurter Str. 5-21

58095 Hagen

sminaire : Chimie et Technologie sucrires.

Filtration with candle filters

Filtration

V 1 Slurry inlet
V3

Outlet concentrated carbonated slurry

V 3.1 Complete discharging

V7

V6

Back flush of carbonated juice

V7

Recirculation

V6
V1

V 3.1
V3

carbonated
slurry

Name Tim Diringer

email: [email protected]

concentrated
carbonated
slurry

Putsch GmbH & Co. KG

filtrate

Frankfurter Str. 5-21

58095 Hagen

sminaire : Chimie et Technologie sucrires.

Filtration with candle filters

back flushing 1

V 1 Slurry inlet
V3

Outlet concentrated carbonated slurry

V 3.1 Complete discharging

V7

V6

Back flush of carbonated juice

V7

Recirculation

V6
V1

V 3.1
V3

carbonated
slurry

Name Tim Diringer

email: [email protected]

concentrated
carbonated
slurry

Putsch GmbH & Co. KG

filtrate

Frankfurter Str. 5-21

58095 Hagen

sminaire : Chimie et Technologie sucrires.

Filtration with candle filters

Back flushing 2

V 1 Slurry inlet
V3

Outlet concentrated carbonated slurry

V 3.1 Complete discharging

V7

V6

Back flush of carbonated juice

V7

Recirculation

V6
V1

V 3.1
V3

carbonated
slurry

Name Tim Diringer

email: [email protected]

concentrated
carbonated
slurry

Putsch GmbH & Co. KG

filtrate

Frankfurter Str. 5-21

58095 Hagen

sminaire : Chimie et Technologie sucrires.

filtration with candle filters

Discharging

V 1 Slurry inlet
V3

Outlet concentrated carbonated slurry

V 3.1 Complete discharging

V7

V6

Back flush of carbonated juice

V7

Recirculation

V6
V1

V 3.1
V3

carbonated
slurry

Name Tim Diringer

email: [email protected]

concentrated
carbonated
slurry

Putsch GmbH & Co. KG

filtrate

Frankfurter Str. 5-21

58095 Hagen

sminaire : Chimie et Technologie sucrires.

Calculation of suspended solids content in concentrated carbonated slurry

cF,Sm * VSm
cF,SmK =
VRck

cF,Sm = mGes,CaO,HK * 2,3 * 10

Vback * cF,SmK
VSm =
cF,Sm

Name Tim Diringer

email: [email protected]

Putsch GmbH & Co. KG

cF,SmK

suspended solids in con. carb. slurry (g/l)

cF, Sm

suspended solids in carb. Slurry (g/l)

VSm

volume of carb. slurry(l)

Vback

volume of backflush

Frankfurter Str. 5-21

58095 Hagen

sminaire : Chimie et Technologie sucrires.

Filtration of concentrated carbonated slurry

Production of dischargable filter cake
Filtration tasks:

Desweetening of the filter cake

Minimizing sugar losses

Name Tim Diringer

email: [email protected]

Putsch GmbH & Co. KG

Frankfurter Str. 5-21

58095 Hagen

sminaire : Chimie et Technologie sucrires.

Schematic of a Putsch Membrane Press Filter Station

Mud juice

Sweetening-off
water

concentrate
Mud juice filling
pump

Sweetening-off
pump

Air

Compressed air
station

Putsch Membrane Press Filter

Type PKF

Filter cake transport

Filtrate receiving
tank

Filtrate / Air separator

(Hydro cyclone)

Filtrate

Air

Dried lime cake

Name Tim Diringer

email: [email protected]

Putsch GmbH & Co. KG

Frankfurter Str. 5-21

58095 Hagen

sminaire : Chimie et Technologie sucrires.

Operational Steps of Putsch Membrane Press Filter PKF

Mud juice concentrate

Filtrate

Filtration
Pre-pressing
2 2,5 bar
Intermediate pressing
4 4,5 bar

Sweetening-off water

Sweetening-off
Final pressing
7 7,5 bar

Air

Dry blowing

Emptying
Name Tim Diringer
email: [email protected]

Putsch GmbH & Co. KG

Frankfurter Str. 5-21

Lime cake
58095 Hagen

sminaire : Chimie et Technologie sucrires.

Putsch Membrane Filter Elements

Red: Filter elements covered with filtration cloths (under cloth + filtration cloth)

Air
Water
Suspension

Filtrate
outlet
Name Tim Diringer
email: [email protected]

Putsch GmbH & Co. KG

Frankfurter Str. 5-21

58095 Hagen

sminaire : Chimie et Technologie sucrires.

The filtration cycle

Air

The valve for

introducing water
into the chamber
for the
sweetening-off
cycle is in closed
position

Suspension

Filtrate
outlet
Name Tim Diringer
email: [email protected]

Putsch GmbH & Co. KG

Frankfurter Str. 5-21

58095 Hagen

sminaire : Chimie et Technologie sucrires.

Filter Cake Compressing

After filtration the
filter cake formed
within the chambers
is compressed by
activating the flexible
membranes with air.

Air

The valves for cake

cake washing and
suspension inlet are
closed!

Filtrate
outlet
Name Tim Diringer
email: [email protected]

Putsch GmbH & Co. KG

Frankfurter Str. 5-21

58095 Hagen

sminaire : Chimie et Technologie sucrires.

Filter cake washing or desweetening

During the
sweetening-off
cycle the flexible
membranes are still
inflated with air.

Air
Water

The valve for

suspension inlet is
closed and the
sweetening-off
filtrate is separated!

Sweetening-off
filtrate
Name Tim Diringer
email: [email protected]

Putsch GmbH & Co. KG

Frankfurter Str. 5-21

58095 Hagen

sminaire : Chimie et Technologie sucrires.

Filter cake dry blowing

After the desweetening
process the filter cake
is finally dried by
introducing compressed
air into the chambers

Air
Compressed air

Sweetening-off
filtrate
Name Tim Diringer
email: [email protected]

Putsch GmbH & Co. KG

Frankfurter Str. 5-21

58095 Hagen

sminaire : Chimie et Technologie sucrires.

Filter cake discharge

Air
Water
Suspension

Filtrate
outlet
Name Tim Diringer
email: [email protected]

Putsch GmbH & Co. KG

Frankfurter Str. 5-21

58095 Hagen

sminaire : Chimie et Technologie sucrires.

Vakuum Drum filter

Name Tim Diringer

email: [email protected]

Putsch GmbH & Co. KG

Frankfurter Str. 5-21

58095 Hagen

sminaire : Chimie et Technologie sucrires.

Comparison of drum filters and membrane press filters

Vakuum Drum Filter

Membrane-Filterpress

Higher sugar losses aprox. 1% on cake

Less sugar losses aprox. 0,7 % in cake

Amount of desweetening water aprox. 100 % on cake

Less desweetening water aprox. 70 % on cake

Higher steam consumption in factory

Less steam consumption in the factory

Higher water content in filter cake

Lower water content in filter cake

Higher amount of filter cake

Lower weight of filter cake

Name Tim Diringer

email: [email protected]

Putsch GmbH & Co. KG

Frankfurter Str. 5-21

58095 Hagen

sminaire : Chimie et Technologie sucrires.

Thick juice and liquor filtration

Differences to filtration of 1st and 2nd carbonated juice

Higher Viscosity

Lower filtration rate

Use of filter aid

Less suspended
solids

Name Tim Diringer

email: [email protected]

Putsch GmbH & Co. KG

Longer filtration time

Frankfurter Str. 5-21

58095 Hagen

sminaire : Chimie et Technologie sucrires.

Different options to filtrate thick juice or liquor

Two step filtration

Desweetening of filter cake

Liquor filtration
Candle filter

Filter press

Frame filter

Drum filter

Disk filter

Direct filtration
Filter presses

Name Tim Diringer

email: [email protected]

Putsch GmbH & Co. KG

Frankfurter Str. 5-21

58095 Hagen

sminaire : Chimie et Technologie sucrires.

Filtration mit Filterhilfsmitteln

Addition of filter aid

Pre coating

Continous dosing (Body Feed)

Protection of the filter cloth

Building up filter cake

Easy cake discharge

Prevention of blocking by solids

Dosing rate: 0,5 1 kg/m

Dosing rate: 0,5 1,5 kg/m

Flow rate: 1 1,5 m/mh

Name Tim Diringer

email: [email protected]

Putsch GmbH & Co. KG

Frankfurter Str. 5-21

58095 Hagen

sminaire : Chimie et Technologie sucrires.

Which kind of filter aid can be used

Diatomaceous earth

Perlite

Cellulose

Silika Algae skeleton

silika Vulcano stones

fibre

Advantages

Advantages

Advantages

High inner porosity

Less weight than diatomaceous earth

Long fibres

Good filtration abilities

Chemical inert

Low specific consumption

chemical inert

Cheaper than diatomaceous earth

None abbrasive

World wide available

World wide available

Reuse of filter cake

Disadvantages

Disadvantages

Abbrasive

Abbrasive

Cancerous

Difficult cake disposal

Disadvantage
Ex-proof equipment

Difficult cake disposal

Name Tim Diringer

email: [email protected]

Putsch GmbH & Co. KG

Frankfurter Str. 5-21

58095 Hagen

sminaire : Chimie et Technologie sucrires.

Filtration cycle for direct filtration

Pre coat suspension

Pre coating

Rezirkulation
Pre filtration

Thickjuice

Filtration

Liquor

Filtrate

Pre-pressing
2 2,5 bar
Intermediate pressing
4 4,5 bar
Sweetening-off water

Sweetening-off
Final pressing
7 7,5 bar

Air

Dry blowing
Emptying

Name Tim Diringer

email: [email protected]

Filter cake

sminaire : Chimie et Technologie sucrires.

Optimized Filtration curve

Flow rate
Pressure

Name Tim Diringer

email: [email protected]

Putsch GmbH & Co. KG

Frankfurter Str. 5-21

58095 Hagen

sminaire : Chimie et Technologie sucrires.

Bad filtration curve

Flow Rate
Pressure

Name Tim Diringer

email: [email protected]

Putsch GmbH & Co. KG

Frankfurter Str. 5-21

58095 Hagen

sminaire : Chimie et Technologie sucrires.

Filter cloth
Criteria for filter cloth
Tissue

Air permeability l/(dm min)

Temperature resistance

Monofil

low

< 50

Polypropylen

< 90 C

Multifil

medium

50 -150

Polyamid

< 120 C

Stapelf fibre

high

> 150

Polyester

< 150 C

Needle felt
Heat setting
Singed
Calandered

Name Tim Diringer

email: [email protected]

Putsch GmbH & Co. KG

Frankfurter Str. 5-21

58095 Hagen

sminaire : Chimie et Technologie sucrires.

Monofilament Yarn
Chemically endless yarn

Regular cake on the surface only

Easy cake discharge
Easy cleaning
Can be easily damaged
Used in filter presses in combination with under cloth

Monofilament fabrics are often calendered. The side on which the

cake will build up is treated by heat and pressure.
This causes a closing of the pores and reduced air permeability .
The calendered pore is more open on its back side which
guarantees a good run off of the filtrate.

Name Tim Diringer

email: [email protected]

Putsch GmbH & Co. KG

Frankfurter Str. 5-21

58095 Hagen

sminaire : Chimie et Technologie sucrires.

Multifilamen yarn
Each yarn is made of an unchangeable amount of elemental threads
Filter cake builds up as well in the grooves as well as on the surface
Cake discharge not as good as with monofilament
Clogging of the pores can occur
High mechanical stability
Often used on candle filter or as under cloth

Name Tim Diringer

email: [email protected]

Putsch GmbH & Co. KG

Frankfurter Str. 5-21

58095 Hagen

sminaire : Chimie et Technologie sucrires.

Staple fiber yarn

Yarns are spun from cut synthetic threads
Good filtration abilities due to entanglement of the yarn
Difficult cake discharge
Difficult cleaning because of threads sticking out of the fiber
High mechanical stability
Often used on drum filters

Staple fiber yarn is usually singed. First the thread ends which stick out
of the surface are sheared away by rotating knives. Then the thread ends
inside the pores are shrunk by using a luminiscent gas light. The dots in
picture are thread ends which were melted by singeing.

Name Tim Diringer

email: [email protected]

Putsch GmbH & Co. KG

Frankfurter Str. 5-21

58095 Hagen

sminaire : Chimie et Technologie sucrires.

Needle felts
Often used for storage filtration
The fleece is sewed on top of a foundation fabric

High mechanical strength

High porosity
Solids are hold back inside the felt and fleece
Used in dedusters

Name Tim Diringer

email: [email protected]

Putsch GmbH & Co. KG

Frankfurter Str. 5-21

58095 Hagen

sminaire : Chimie et Technologie sucrires.

The Sibomat in the Refinery

Applications:
Sugar melt screening, prior to
Area requires
purification
Sibomat filter
Decolorized liquor (carbon / resin)
before evaporation or crystallization
Pre-filtration before ultra-filtration Area of difficult
filtration with
modules
cloth and cake
filter systems
Screening of recirculated sweet
water from centrifugal or packing
Area of good
station
filtration with
cloth and cake
Refinery process raw water

Name Tim Diringer

email: [email protected]

filter systems

Putsch GmbH & Co. KG

Frankfurter Str. 5-21

58095 Hagen

sminaire : Chimie et Technologie sucrires.

Filtration of liquor and thick juice using Sibomat

Liquor filtration with screens

Sibomat
Name Tim Diringer
email: [email protected]

Screen basket

Putsch GmbH & Co. KG

Frankfurter Str. 5-21

Screen, spray arm

58095 Hagen

sminaire : Chimie et Technologie sucrires.

Sibomat station

Name Tim Diringer

email: [email protected]

Putsch GmbH & Co. KG

Frankfurter Str. 5-21

58095 Hagen

sminaire : Chimie et Technologie sucrires.

References

Diringer T. (1999): Zuckerindustrie 124, 149 - 152

Luckert K.: (2004) Handbuch der mechanischen Fest-Flssig-Trennung, Vulkan, Essen
Rein P.: (2007) Cane Sugar Engineering, Bartens, Berlin

Name Tim Diringer

email: [email protected]

Putsch GmbH & Co. KG

Frankfurter Str. 5-21

58095 Hagen