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Truss Design: Optimization and Analysis

The document discusses the design of a truss structure. It describes the concepts and equations considered in truss member design, including equilibrium, member loads, buckling strength, deflection, and lateral stability. It then discusses optimizing the cross-sectional design, using carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composite materials. Additional sections cover lateral stability analysis, critical design parameters, connector design, joint design, and manufacturing methods.

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ArjunRK
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450 views15 pages

Truss Design: Optimization and Analysis

The document discusses the design of a truss structure. It describes the concepts and equations considered in truss member design, including equilibrium, member loads, buckling strength, deflection, and lateral stability. It then discusses optimizing the cross-sectional design, using carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composite materials. Additional sections cover lateral stability analysis, critical design parameters, connector design, joint design, and manufacturing methods.

Uploaded by

ArjunRK
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

TRUSS DESIGN

ARJUN RADHAKRISHNAN

Concept Evolution
Truss requires stiffness as well as load bearing capacity
Browns truss
Redundancy
Rigidity for load reversal

ARJUN RADHAKRISHNAN

Truss Member Design


Equations of equilibrium
Reactions

Member
loads

Design

Method of joints - member loads


Principle of virtual load deflections
Maximum compressive and tensile load

Buckling
Strength
Deflection
Lateral stability

ARJUN RADHAKRISHNAN

Truss Member Design


Pmax = 5 kN Diagonal members

DESIGN

Pmax = 44 kN Other members

Optimize for Moment of inertia


and cross-sectional area

Stress
Criteria

Tsai- Wu criterion

Buckling
Load

Compressive Load and


EI

Deflection

Truss stiffness and crosssectional area

Lateral
stability

Lateral stiffness

ARJUN RADHAKRISHNAN

Optimized Cross-section
0.096 m

t= 0.002 m

0.024 m

Design material for required stiffness

ARJUN RADHAKRISHNAN

Material Design
Fibre : Carbon
Matrix : Epoxy
Layup: [27/-27]8s
Exx = 49.5 GPa
Eyy = 8.6 GPa

ARJUN RADHAKRISHNAN

Lateral Stability
Assumptions
1.
Average wind loading 4N
2.
Top section is a single beam
3.
Vertical truss members act as cantilever beams

=PL3/48 EI
= P *1.8e-3
14 m

1m

=PL3/3 EI
= P * 3.58 e -5

ARJUN RADHAKRISHNAN

Lateral Stability
To deflect one vertical member by 3.5 cm , 1 kN is required
Top section is hence covered with stiffeners
It can take lateral load of more than 35 kN

ARJUN RADHAKRISHNAN

Critical Design Parameters


Critical buckling load

Deflection
Strength

Pcr

4.12 e 05

4.4 e 04

7.69 e 03

5.6 e 03

uj = 0.0396 m
Tsai Wu factor = 0.249

Total weight of Truss = 90 kg


Thermal strain < 0.00001 %

ARJUN RADHAKRISHNAN

10

Connector Design

Basic Analysis is done based on


the assumption shear would be the
major failure mode
xy (maximum) = 59 MPa

11

Material Design
Fibre : Carbon
Matrix : Epoxy
Layup: Short fibre

composite

xx = 207 MPa
yy = 207 MPa
xy = 90 MPa

Conservative Design
Fibre : Carbon
Matrix : Epoxy
Layup: Multidirectional
laminate

Could increase shear strength by use


of highly complicated layup
procedure !!

ARJUN RADHAKRISHNAN

12

DESIGN

Mechanical Joint Design


w

Bearing
Stress

P/dt

Tensile
stress

P/(w-d)t

Shear
stress

P/2et
e

Obtain diameter of bolt and


distance from free edge

ARJUN RADHAKRISHNAN

13

Mechanical Joint Design


d = 0.012 , e = 0.014

Bolt
Inserts (No
threads)

ADD LAP PICTURE


Steel Sleeve (threaded or
clinched with nuts)
Composite

Typical Inserts

ARJUN RADHAKRISHNAN

14

Adhesive Joint Design


Shear stress = 6.6 MPa

= P/(2 r l)

Allowable shear stress of adhesive not exceeded


Allowable tensile (peel) stress not exceeded
Allowable in-plane shear stress of adherent not
exceeded

Allowable through-thickness tensile stress of


adherent not exceeded

ARJUN RADHAKRISHNAN

15

Manufacturing of Truss
Part

Method

Comments

Circular Tubes

Filament winding

Insert is to be fixed after


manufacturing

Square Tubes

Filament winding

Insert is to be fixed
after manufacturing
Tough to manufacture

Connectors

Injection molding

Complex mold design

ARJUN RADHAKRISHNAN

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