GCE
Biology
Advanced GCE F214
Communication, Homeostasis & Energy
Mark Scheme for June 2010
Oxford Cambridge and RSA Examinations
OCR (Oxford Cambridge and RSA) is a leading UK awarding body, providing a wide range of
qualifications to meet the needs of pupils of all ages and abilities. OCR qualifications include
AS/A Levels, Diplomas, GCSEs, OCR Nationals, Functional Skills, Key Skills, Entry
Level qualifications, NVQs and vocational qualifications in areas such as IT, business,
languages, teaching/training, administration and secretarial skills.
It is also responsible for developing new specifications to meet national requirements and the
needs of students and teachers. OCR is a not-for-profit organisation; any surplus made is
invested back into the establishment to help towards the development of qualifications and
support which keep pace with the changing needs of todays society.
This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and students, to indicate the requirements
of the examination. It shows the basis on which marks were awarded by Examiners. It does not
indicate the details of the discussions which took place at an Examiners meeting before marking
commenced.
All Examiners are instructed that alternative correct answers and unexpected approaches in
candidates scripts must be given marks that fairly reflect the relevant knowledge and skills
demonstrated.
Mark schemes should be read in conjunction with the published question papers and the Report
on the Examination.
OCR will not enter into any discussion or correspondence in connection with this mark scheme.
OCR 2010
Any enquiries about publications should be addressed to:
OCR Publications
PO Box 5050
Annesley
NOTTINGHAM
NG15 0DL
Telephone:
Facsimile:
E-mail:
0870 770 6622
01223 552610
[email protected] F214
Mark Scheme
Question
1
(a)
Expected Answer
June 2010
Mark
Additional Guidance
Mark the first answer for each letter. If the answer is correct
and an additional answer is given that is incorrect or
contradicts the correct answer then = 0 marks
(i)
adenine ;
IGNORE nitrogenous base / base / A
DO NOT CREDIT adenosine
ribose ;
IGNORE pentose / sugar
DO NOT CREDIT ribulose / hexose
(tri / 3) phosphate(s) ;
IGNORE chemical formulae (as Q asks for name)
DO NOT CREDIT phosphorus / phosphoryl (PO)
F214
Mark Scheme
Question
1
(a)
(ii)
Expected Answer
June 2010
Mark
Additional Guidance
transfers energy / energy currency / releases energy /
universal energy molecule / energy intermediate /
(immediate) source of energy ;
IGNORE contains energy
DO NOT CREDIT produce energy
phosphate(s) can be removed by hydrolysis ;
ATP ADP + P(i) by hydrolysis
or
ATP + H2O ADP + P(i) (must include water)
to , release / provide , 30kJ (mol-1) energy ;
ACCEPT 28 32 kJ
DO NOT CREDIT produce energy
(energy released for) metabolism /
appropriate named reaction /
appropriate reaction described ;
e.g.
muscle contraction
active transport
phosphorylation
glycolysis
during movement binding to proteins to
change their shape
IGNORE respiration / photosynthesis unqualified
ADP can attach a phosphate (forming ATP) during ,
respiration / photosynthesis ;
CREDIT during, oxidative phosphorylation /
chemiosmosis /
substrate level phosphorylation /
photophosphorylation
energy released in ,
small packets (to prevent cell damage) /
suitable quantity ;
NOTE
it releases 30kJ of energy when a
phosphate is removed by hydrolysis
= 3 marks (mps 3, 1 and 2)
3 max
F214
Mark Scheme
Question
1
(b)
Expected Answer
June 2010
Mark
Mark the first answer. If the answer is correct and an
additional answer is given that is incorrect or contradicts
the correct answer then = 0 marks
(i)
crista ;
1
1
(b)
1
(c)
(i)
ACCEPT cristae / inner mitochondrial membrane
IGNORE stalked particles
Mark the first answer. If the answer is correct and an
additional answer is given that is incorrect or contradicts
the correct answer then = 0 marks
(ii)
chemiosmosis / oxidative phosphorylation ;
Additional Guidance
IGNORE description of chemiosmosis
[e.g. ATP synthesis
electron flow along electron carriers]
IGNORE aerobic respiration
IGNORE electron transport chain alone
(as this is not a process)
substrate respired changes over time ;
Needs to be a clear statement and not just names
and not inferred from candidates complete answer
initially respires (mostly) , glucose / carbohydrate ;
IGNORE respiring protein
lower / decrease in / 0.75 , RQ indicates (more) ,
fat / lipid , as substrate
or
as time goes by (more) lipid is respired ;
IGNORE respiring protein
glucose / carbohydrate , used up / decreases (over time) ;
protein not likely to be used as substrate /
protein only used as a last resort ;
Less protein respired isnt quite enough for this mp
3 max
F214
Mark Scheme
Question
1
(c)
(ii)
Expected Answer
June 2010
Mark
Only CREDIT answers that refer to preventing a decrease in
body temperature no ora
IGNORE negative feedback (Q only about preventing decrease)
This is a QWC question
1
2
Additional Guidance
peripheral / skin , thermoreceptors / (heat) receptors ,
stimulated (by decrease in external temp) ;
(impulses sent to / blood temperature monitored in )
hypothalamus / sensory cortex ;
3
ACCEPT pre-capillary sphincter instead of arterioles
DO NOT CREDIT other blood vessels but allow QWC
Emphasis needs to be on increase / higher rate / more
(release of) adrenaline / thyroxine ;
shivering / (involuntary) muscle spasms , to generate heat (energy) ;
Needs the idea of generating heat not just to keep warm
erector / hair , muscles raise , (skin) hair / fur , to trap , air / heat ;
AVP ;
e.g. specific behavioural response (such as huddling /
increased exercise / move to find sun)
involvement of sympathetic nervous system
reduce sweating / reduce panting / stop panting
DO NOT CREDIT stop sweating
vasoconstriction of , arterioles / small arteries , to reduce heat loss ;
(prevents heat loss by) radiation / conduction / convection ;
increased , metabolic rate / metabolism / respiration ,
to generate heat (energy) ;
6
7
8
9
4 max
QWC - technical terms used appropriately and spelt correctly ;
Use of three terms from:
peripheral,
hypothalamus,
vasoconstriction,
adrenaline,
erector
1
Total
[16]
thermoreceptor(s),
cortex,
metabolic rate / metabolism,
thyroxine,
radiation / conduction / convection
Please insert a QWC symbol next to the mark total bracket,
followed by
a tick () if QWC has been awarded
or a cross () if QWC has not been awarded
You should use the green dot to identify the QWC terms that
you are crediting.
F214
Mark Scheme
Question
2
(a)
Expected Answer
June 2010
Mark
Mark the first answer. If the answer is correct and an
additional answer is given that is incorrect or contradicts
the correct answer then = 0 marks
(i)
vein / venule ;
1
2
(a)
(ii)
hepatocyte(s) / hepatic cells ;
IGNORE further qualification (e.g. central / hepatic)
but
DO NOT CREDIT inappropriate name
(e.g. renal vein / hepatic portal vein)
IGNORE liver cells (as given in Q) and sinusoid cells
1
2
Additional Guidance
A list must include hepatocytes or hepatic cells and not
include an incorrect cell
e.g. hepatocytes and Kupffer cells = 1
hepatocytes and cells = 0
liver cells and Kupffer cells = 0
Mark the first answer on each prompt line. If the
answer is correct and an additional answer is given that
is incorrect or contradicts the correct answer then = 0
marks
(b)
If a formula is given for compounds D, E and F then the
formula given must be correct in order to be awarded the
mark
e.g. E urea (CONH2) = 0 as the formula is incorrect
deamination ;
carbon dioxide / CO2 ;
urea / CO(NH2)2 ;
water / H2O ;
F214
Mark Scheme
Question
2
(c)
(i)
Expected Answer
June 2010
Mark
Additional Guidance
This is a QWC question
Max 2 (instead of 3) for content if use the term ,
receptor / antigen / enzyme ,
throughout instead of antibody
1
ACCEPT HCG
This mark can be awarded for hCG but the name
must be given in full for QWC
ALLOW strip instead of stick
4
5
6
monoclonal / immobilised ,
antibodies / immunoglobulin , on stick ;
antibodies attached to , marker / dye ;
hormone , binds / complementary , to antibody ;
(triggers) appearance of colour / line becomes visible ;
IGNORE specificity
AVP ;
e.g. reference to the second line to validate test
different antibody for second line
2 coloured lines = pregnant
(testing for) human chorionic gonadotrophin / hCG ;
hormone small so can pass from blood into filtrate
(at Bowmans capsule) ;
3 max
QWC - technical terms used appropriately and spelt correctly ;
Use of three terms from:
human chorionic gonadotrophin,
filtrate,
monoclonal,
immobilised,
antibody(ies),
complementary
F214
Mark Scheme
Question
2
(c)
Expected Answer
June 2010
Mark
Additional Guidance
IGNORE enhances performance (as given in Q)
(ii)
1
fairness / giving unfair advantage /
does not give an even playing field ;
ACCEPT comment about cheating
IGNORE idea of should be available to all
idea of health risks / dangerous / unhealthy / fatal /
side effects ;
specified health risk ;
IGNORE has an effect on health
as must imply negative effect
e.g. depression
aggression
liver , damage / failure
heart attack
masculinisation of female athletes
feminisation of male athletes
infertility
idea of distrust of outstanding performances /
does not reflect athletes natural talent /
sport should reflect athletes natural talent ;
5
6
idea of pressure to keep up with rival competitors ;
idea that can train for longer (without tiring) /
can respire longer (without tiring) /
can recover from injury quicker /
can build up muscle mass ;
AVP ;
7
3 max
Total
[13]
e.g. up to the individual to decide
idea that athletes should be role models
F214
Mark Scheme
Question
3
(a)
(i)
Expected Answer
June 2010
Mark
Mark the first two answers. If either of the answers is
correct and an additional answer (i.e. 3rd etc) is given that
is incorrect or contradicts the correct answer then -1 for
each additional incorrect answer
Credit in either order
ATP ;
reduced NADP / NADPH / NADPH2 / NADPH + H+ ;
DO NOT CREDIT reduced NAD / NADH / NADH2 /
NADH + H+
DO NOT CREDIT oxygen / O2
(as not used in Calvin cycle)
2
3
(a)
(ii)
Additional Guidance
1
2
regenerates / produces , ribulose bisphosphate / RuBP ;
so cycle can continue / for (further) CO2 fixation /
to combine with CO2 ;
formation of (named) , sugar / glucose / hexose / sucrose /
starch / cellulose ;
formation of (named) ,
fat / triglyceride / lipid / fatty acids / glycerol /
amino acids / protein /
nucleic acids / nucleotides ;
10x TP for RuBP and 2x TP for production
or
most TP used to produce RuBP and the rest for production ;
3 max
e.g. ATP () and NADPH () and GP (-1) = 1
NADH () and ATP () and oxygen (-1) = 0
GP () and H2O () and ATP and NADPH = 0
ATP () and NADPH () and GP (-1)
and H2O (-1) = 0
IGNORE carbohydrate without qualification but
CREDIT suitably named carbohydrate
Needs to refer to both
CREDIT 5/6 regenerated and the rest for
production
F214
Mark Scheme
Question
3
(b)
Expected Answer
June 2010
Mark
Additional Guidance
DO NOT CREDIT comments that categorically state
it is respiration
(i)
oxygen used and carbon dioxide , produced / excreted ;
(only) occurs in the light / light (energy) required
or
uses , (same) photosynthetic enzyme / Rubisco
or
involves Calvin cycle ;
CREDIT sun instead of light
IGNORE ref to light dependent stage
[S & C x 2]
2
3
(b)
(ii)
reduces (rate of) photosynthesis /
increases (rate of) photorespiration ;
less Rubisco available for CO2 /
more oxygen competing with CO2 for Rubisco /
more O2 binding to Rubisco
O2 outcompetes CO2 for Rubisco ;
3
4
less CO2 , fixation / for Calvin cycle ;
CO2 given off ;
5
6
less , glycerate 3-phosphate / GP / TP , produced ;
less RuBP , regenerated / formed ;
3 max
ACCEPT oxygen blocks active site of Rubisco
CREDIT enzyme instead of Rubisco
Needs to convey the idea that
oxygen more successful /
more oxygenase activity
Be careful not to credit RuBP
5
&
6
IGNORE number before name unless used to
indicate more or less (compare flow charts)
[S & C x 3]
F214
Question
3
(b)
(iii)
Mark Scheme
Expected Answer
June 2010
Mark
idea that
oxygen ,
not a substrate for / cannot bind to / will not compete for ,
PEP carboxylase
or
PEP carboxylase , is only specific to carbon dioxide ;
1
Total
10
[11]
Additional Guidance
ACCEPT PEP carboxylase cannot fix oxygen
[S & C x 1]
F214
Mark Scheme
Question
4
(a)
(i)
Expected Answer
Mark
(a)
(ii)
Additional Guidance
starch contains (only) glucose
and
sucrose contains , 50% glucose or glucose and fructose ;
by hydrolysis ,
starch releases more glucose / sucrose releases less
glucose ;
June 2010
both starch and cellulose are (only) made of glucose ;
starch , is digestible / can be broken down
and
cellulose , is indigestible / cannot be broken down ;
(named) enzyme present for starch digestion /
no (named) enzyme present for cellulose digestion ;
(b)
2 max
low / decrease , starch ;
ACCEPT no starch
as starch has the greatest effect on blood glucose conc. ;
substantial or high or big is not quite enough
increase / include , cellulose / fibre / roughage /
fat / protein / meat ,
as no effect on blood glucose ;
IGNORE the idea that , fat / protein , increases
insulin and could indirectly lower blood glucose
(as this is not relevant to Type 2 diabetes)
DO NOT CREDIT little effect / less effect
(as table shows no effect)
some / medium amount of , sugars / sucrose / lactose ;
idea of limiting , sucrose / lactose / fat / protein ,
as causes an increase in insulin and
will make cells less responsive (to insulin) ;
11
3 max
F214
Mark Scheme
Question
4
Expected Answer
(c)
glycogen
type of
compound
role of
compound
site of
production
June 2010
Mark
Additional Guidance
Award one mark per row
glucagon
carbohydrate
OR
polysaccharide
hormone
OR
polypeptide
OR
protein
storage
OR
to provide
glucose (when
blood glucose
conc. falls)
OR
can undergo
glycogenolysis
binds to cell receptor
OR
causes conversion of
glycogen to glucose
OR
stimulates
glycogenolysis
OR
increases (blood)
glucose concentration
liver
OR
hepatocytes
pancreas
OR
islets of Langerhans
OR
alpha / , cells
both glycogen and glucagon
IGNORE polymer or macromolecule unless qualified
;
glycogen
DO NOT CREDIT complex sugar / sugar
both glycogen and glucagon
Look for qualification of glycogenolysis
glycogen
ACCEPT muscle / brain
;
3
Total
12
[10]
glucagon
ACCEPT a cells
IGNORE pancrease
DO NOT CREDIT beta / , cells
F214
Mark Scheme
Question
5
(a)
(i)
Expected Answer
June 2010
Mark
E;
1
(a)
(ii)
A and F ;
1
5
(a)
(iii)
D;
1
(a)
(iv)
B;
1
(b)
(i)
B;
1
(b)
Additional Guidance
Mark the first answer. If the answer is correct and an
additional answer is given that is incorrect or contradicts
the correct answer then = 0 marks
Mark the first two answers for one mark. If the
answer is correct and an additional answer is given that
is incorrect or contradicts the correct answer then = 0
marks
Mark the first answer. If the answer is correct and an
additional answer is given that is incorrect or contradicts
the correct answer then = 0 marks
Mark the first answer. If the answer is correct and an
additional answer is given that is incorrect or contradicts
the correct answer then = 0 marks
Mark the first answer. If the answer is correct and an
additional answer is given that is incorrect or contradicts
the correct answer then = 0 marks
IGNORE has enzyme to break it down
(as Q states that it is stored in body)
(ii)
channel / receptor / ion , is different ;
DO NOT CREDIT ref to active site
AVP ;
e.g. idea that toxin confined to ,
organelle / organ / part of the body
toxin not , in general circulation /
(circulated) in blood
toxin stored in inactive form
contains a compound that neutralises toxin
[S & C x 1]
1 max
13
F214
Mark Scheme
Question
5
(c)
(c)
(i)
(ii)
Expected Answer
June 2010
Mark
attacked by the bodys (own) immune system ;
(immune system) mistakes / treats / recognises ,
body cells / neurones / myelin ,
as , foreign / non self ;
correct ref. to , antibodies / (named) phagocytes /
(named) B lymphocytes / (named) T lymphocytes ;
(damage to) myelin / sheath / Schwann cell(s) ;
removes / has less , insulation ;
interferes with / slows / stops ,
conduction of , (nerve) impulse / action potential
or
slows / stops / prevents , saltatory conduction / described ;
occurs , in sensory neurones /
towards brain / towards CNS /
from sensory organ / from receptor ;
Total
[END]
14
Additional Guidance
1
Named parts of the immune system are credited in
mp 3 not in this mp
IGNORE damaged neurone (as given in Q)
IGNORE damaged axon
e.g. more gaps where depolarisation
needs to take place
shorter local , circuits / currents
2 max
2 max
[10]
OCR (Oxford Cambridge and RSA Examinations)
1 Hills Road
Cambridge
CB1 2EU
OCR Customer Contact Centre
14 19 Qualifications (General)
Telephone: 01223 553998
Facsimile: 01223 552627
Email:
[email protected]www.ocr.org.uk
For staff training purposes and as part of our quality assurance
programme your call may be recorded or monitored
Oxford Cambridge and RSA Examinations
is a Company Limited by Guarantee
Registered in England
Registered Office; 1 Hills Road, Cambridge, CB1 2EU
Registered Company Number: 3484466
OCR is an exempt Charity
OCR (Oxford Cambridge and RSA Examinations)
Head office
Telephone: 01223 552552
Facsimile: 01223 552553
OCR 2010
