This should not be taken as a complete list - use it as a guide only.
Useful Maths Equations
There is an easy way to remember the pattern for values of sin , cos and
tan which you should know. Notice how the number under the square root
starts at zero (for sin) and goes up by one each time. The pattern for cos is
reversed. The values for tan are found by remembering tan =
sin
cos
.
0 30 45 60 90
sin
0
2
= 0
1
2
=
1
2
2
2
=
1
3
2
4
2
= 1
cos
4
2
= 1
3
2
2
2
=
1
1
2
=
1
2
0
2
= 0
tan
0
1
= 0
12
2
3
=
1
2
2
3
21
=
3
Trig identities:
sin
2
+ cos
2
= 1 (1)
tan =
sin
cos
(2)
sin 2 = 2 sin cos (3)
cos 2 = cos
2
sin
2
(4)
= 2 cos
2
1 (5)
= 1 2 sin
2
(6)
Maclaurin Series
sin = x
x
3
3!
+
x
5
5!
(7)
cos = 1
x
2
2!
+
x
4
4!
(8)
Quadratic Formula solutions of ax
2
+bx +c = 0
x =
b
b
2
4ac
2a
(9)
The binomial expansion:
(1+x)
n
= 1+nx+
n(n 1)
2!
x
2
+... +
n(n 1)...(n r + 1)
r!
x
r
+... +x
n
(10)
1
Integration by parts
udv = uv
vdu (11)
Logs
x = b
y
(12)
y = log
b
x (13)
logx +logy = logxy (14)
logx logy = log
x
y
(15)
Angles in a triangle:
a
sin A
=
b
sin B
=
c
sin C
(16)
a
2
= b
2
+c
2
2bc cos A (17)
Area of a Triangle:
A =
1
2
ab sin C (18)
Equation of a circle with centre (a,b) and radius r
(x a)
2
+ (y b)
2
= r
2
(19)
Area of sector a circle
A =
1
2
r
2
(20)
Arithmetic Series
S
n
=
1
2
n(a +l) =
1
2
n[2a + (n 1)d] (21)
Geometric Series
S
n
=
a(1 r
n
)
1 r
(22)
S
=
a
1 r
(23)
2
Useful Physics Equations
E = mc (24)
Where E is energy (J), m is mass (kg), c is specic heat capacity (4200Jkg
1
K
1
)
and is change in temperature (K).
E = Pt (25)
Where E is energy (J), P is power (W) and t is time (s).
v = f (26)
Where v is wave speed (m/s), f is frequency (Hz) and is wavelength (m).
F = ma (27)
Where F is force (N), m is mass (kg) and a is acceleration (m/s
2
).
a =
v u
t
(28)
Where a is acceleration (m/s
2
), v is nal velocity (m/s), u is initial velocity
(m/s) and t is time (s).
W = mg (29)
Where W is weight (N), m is mass (kg) and g is 9.81m/s
2
.
F = kx (30)
Where F is force (N), k is the spring constant (N/m) and x is extension (m).
E =
1
2
Fx =
1
2
kx
2
(31)
Where E in the energy stored in a spring (J), F is the force (N) and x is the
extension (m).
W = Fd (32)
Where W is the work done (J), F is the force (N) and d is the distance moved
in the direction of the force (m).
E = mgh (33)
3
Where E is the gravitational potential energy (J), m is the mass (kg), g is
9.81m/s
2
E =
1
2
mv
2
(34)
Where E is the kinetic energy (J), m is the mass (kg) and v is the velocity
(m/s).
p = mv (35)
Where p is momentum (kgm/s), m is the mass (kg) and v is the velocity
(m/s).
Q = It (36)
Where Q is the electric charge (C), I is the current (A) and t is the time (s).
W = QV (37)
Where W is the work done (J), Q is the electric charge (C) and V is the
potential dierence (V).
V = IR (38)
Where V is the potential dierence (V), I is the current (A) and R is the
resistance ().
P = IV = I
2
R =
V
2
R
(39)
Where P is the power (W), I is the current (A), R is the resistance () and
V is the potential dierence (V).
v =
d
t
(40)
Where v is the velocity (m/s), d is the distance (m) and t is the time (s).
f =
1
T
(41)
Where f is the frequency (Hz) and T is the time period (s).
M = Fd (42)
Where M is the moment (Nm), F is the force (N) and d is the perpendicular
distance (m).
P =
F
A
(43)
4
Where P is the pressure (Pa), F is the force (N) and A is the area (m
2
).
V
p
V
s
=
N
p
N
s
(44)
Where V
p
is the voltage across the primary coil of a transformer, V
s
is the
voltage across the secondary coil, N
p
is the number of turns on the primary
coil and N
s
is the number of turns on the secondary coil.
s = ut +
1
2
at
2
(45)
s =
u +v
2
t (46)
v = u +at (47)
v
2
= u
2
+ 2as (48)
Where s is the distance (m), u is the initial velocity (m/s), v is the nal
velocity (m/s), a is the acceleration (m/s
2
) and t is the time (s).
R =
L
A
(49)
R is resistance (), is the resistivity (m), L is the length (m) and A is
the area (m
2
).
=
m
V
(50)
Where is the density (kgm
3
), m is the mass (kg) and V is the volume
(m
3
).
n = d sin (51)
Where n is the order, is the wavelength (m), d is the slit width (m) and
is the angle of the maxima in degrees.
E = mc
2
(52)
Where E is the energy (J), m is the mass (kg) and c is the speed of light
(3 10
8
m/s).
E = hf (53)
Where E is the energy (J), h is Plancs constant (6.6310
34
Js) and f is the
frequency (Hz).
=
h
p
(54)
5
Where is the wavelength (m), h is Plancs constant (6.63 10
34
Js) and
p is the momentum (kgm/s).
PV = nRT (55)
Where P is the pressure (Pa), V is the volume (m
3
), n is the number of moles,
R is the gas constant (8.31 Jmol
1
K
1
) and T is the temperature (K).
a =
v
2
r
(56)
Where a is the acceleration in a circle (m/s
2
), v is the velocity (m/s) and r
is radius (m).
F =
mv
2
r
(57)
Where F is the force (N), m is the mass (kg), v is the velocity (m/s) and r
is radius (m).
F =
GMm
r
2
(58)
Where F is the gravitational force (N), G is the gravitational constant (6.67
10
11
Nm
2
kg
2
), M is the mass (kg), m is the other mass(kg) and r is the
distance between the masses (m).
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