Course Code :

Course Title : DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS

Course Structure :
Lectures Tutorials Practicals Credits
3 1 - 4
Course Coordinator : P.Tirumalar Rao, Assistant Professor, Dept of ECE
Team of Instructors : Mrs.. !u"an#a, Associate Professor, Dept of ECE

1. Course Overvie:
T$e aim of t$is course is to pro%ide students &it$ a t$orou'$ understandin' of samplin',
(uanti)in' and codin' to con%ert t$e analo' si'nals in to di'ital form. *arious analo' to di'ital
con%ersion tec$ni(ues li"e PCM and Delta Modulation alon' &it$ t$e refined forms li"e DPCM
and ADM are also discussed. +n addition to ,ase,and transmission of di'ital data o%er t$e
c$annel, carrier modulation sc$emes li"e A!-, .!-, P!-, DP!- and /P!- are also co%ered.
Also focuses on $o& information t$eor# relates to t$e desi'n of di'ital communications s#stems
and to pro%ide t$e "no&led'e and s"ills to perform desi'n calculations on t$ese s#stems.
!pecificall#, t$e students &ill learn from t$is course $o& to compress data &it$out sacrificin'
information ,# usin' proper source codin' tec$ni(ues, $o& to protect transmitted data efficientl#
,# emplo#in' a proper c$annel codin' met$od, $o& to mana'e communication s#stem resources
includin' ,and&idt$ and po&er ,# selectin' a proper si'nalin' and0or di'ital modulation
sc$eme, $o& to allocate c$annel ,and&idt$ to %arious traffic t#pes 1%oice, data, %ideo, etc.2
usin' time di%ision multiple3in', and $o& to assess t$e performance of a 'i%en s#stem desi'n
a'ainst critical information t$eoretic limits. !tudents &ill use standard mat$ematical met$ods to
model and anal#)e di'ital communication s#stems and predict performance metrics suc$ as
recei%ed !4R and e3pected ,it error ratio.

II. !rere"uisite#s$:
Level Credits !eriods % &ee' !rere"uisites
56 4 4
!i'nals 7 !#stems,
Analo'
Communications
III. Mar's Distri(ution:
Sessional Mar's
Universit)
*nd *+am
Mar's
Total
Mar's
T$ere s$all ,e 8 midterm e3aminations. Eac$ midterm e3amination
consists of su,9ecti%e test. T$e su,9ecti%e test is for 1: mar"s, &it$
duration of 8 $ours. !u,9ecti%e test of eac$ semester s$all contain :
t&o mar" compulsor# (uestions in part-A and part-; contains :
<: 1==
(uestions, t$e student $as to ans&er 4 (uestions, eac$ carr#in' :
mar"s.
.irst midterm e3amination s$all ,e conducted for t$e first t&o and
$alf units of s#lla,us and second midterm e3amination s$all ,e
conducted for t$e remainin' portion.
Ten mar"s are earmar"ed for assi'nments. T$ere s$all ,e t&o
assi'nments in e%er# t$eor# course. Mar"s s$all ,e a&arded
considerin' t$e a%era'e of t&o assi'nments in eac$ course.

I,. *valuation Sc-eme:
S.No. Com.onent
Duration
#-ours$
Mar's
1 + Mid E3amination 8 4=
8 + /ui) 8= min 8=
3 ++ Mid E3amination 8 4=
4 ++ /ui) 8= min 8=
:
E3ternal
E3amination
3 <:

,. Course O(/ectives:
1. To ac(uire t$e fundamentals of modern di'ital communication s#stem desi'n and to
e%aluate t$e performance of di'ital si'nalin' sc$emes on realistic communication
c$annels.
8. To re%ie& t$e "e# c$aracteristics and salient features of %arious di'ital carrier modulation
sc$emes, considerin' t$e optimum recei%er and transmitter re(uirements.
3. To e3pose t$e students to t$e principles and practice of information t$eor#, co%erin' ,ot$
t$eoretical and applied issues of reco'ni)ed importance in data0information compression,
transmission, stora'e and processin'.
4. To understand t$e concepts of minimi)in' t$e effects of errors, ,# emplo#in' c$annel
codin' tec$ni(ues and, finall#, securin' t$e data ,# cr#pto'rap$ic tec$ni(ues.
:. To e(uip t$e students &it$ ,asic "no&led'e for desi'nin', anal#)in', comparin', and
mana'in' di'ital communication s#stems ran'in' from di'ital cellular s#stems to data
net&or"in' and multimedia ser%ices.
,I. Course Outcomes:
5pon successful completion of t$is course, t$e student &ill ,e a,le to>
1. 5nderstand t$e ,asic concepts of di'ital communications &it$ an insi'$t into practical
applications.
8. +dentif# t$e importance of con%ersion of analo' si'nals in to di'ital domain.
3. Differentiate ,et&een PCM and DM and to "no& t$eir usa'e in specific applications.
4. Compare and contrast A!-, .!-, P!- di'ital carrier modulation sc$emes in terms of
occupied ,and&idt$, comple3it# etc., and e3tend t$ese into /P!-, MP!-, /AM for
impro%ed spectral efficienc#.
:. Appl# t$e ,asics of information t$eor# to calculate c$annel capacit# and ot$er measures.
?. Distin'uis$ ,et&een source codin' and c$annel codin' for optimi)ation of discrete
memor#less source 1DM!2 and for error-free transmission of data o%er c$annel.
<. +nterpret t$e differences ,et&een t$e usa'e of s#stematic linear ,loc" codes 1L;C2 and
con%olutional codes for non-,urst and ,urst c$annel applications.
@. Competent to &or" as en'ineers in t$e field of Di'ital Communications, e.'., in researc$
or de%elopment 'roups in industr#, as consultants, team mem,ers, or leaders in pro9ects,
or as scientists in academia.


,II. 0o Course Outcomes are assessed:
!ro1ram Outcomes Level
!roficienc)
assessed ()
a
An a,ilit# to appl# "no&led'e of mat$ematics, science
and en'ineerin' fundamentals to t$e conceptuali)ation of
en'ineerin' models 12undamental *n1ineerin1
Anal)sis S'ills2.
!
Assi'nments,
E3ercises
,
An a,ilit# to desi'n and conduct e3periments, as &ell as
anal#)e and interpret t$e data 1Information retrieval
s'ills2.
!
Aands on
Practice !essions
c
An a,ilit# to desi'n, implement and e%aluate an
electronics 7 communication en'ineerin' ,ased s#stem,
component are process to meets desired needs &it$in
realistic constraints suc$ as economic, en%ironmental,
social, political, et$ical, $ealt$ and safet#,
manufactura,ilit# and sustaina,ilit# 1Creative S'ills2.
! La, !essions
d
An a,ilit# to function effecti%el# as an indi%idual and as a
mem,er or a leader in multidisciplinar# teams 1Team
&or'2.
4 --
e An a,ilit# to identif#, formulate and appl# appropriate
tec$ni(ues, resources and to sol%e comple3 electronics 7
! Desi'n E3ercises
communication en'ineerin' pro,lems 1*n1ineerin1
!ro(lem Solvin1 S'ills2.
f
An understandin' of professional et$ics and
responsi,ilities of en'ineerin' practice 1!rofessional
Inte1rit)2.
4 --
'
An a,ilit# to communicate effecti%el# on comple3
electronics and communication en'ineerin' acti%ities
&it$ t$e en'ineerin' communit# and societ# at lar'e suc$
as &ritin' effecti%e reports and ma"in' effecti%e
presentations 1Communication S'ills2.
4 --
$
5nderstandin' of t$e impact of en'ineerin' solutions in a
'lo,al, economic, en%ironmental and societal conte3t
1*n1ineerin1 im.act assessment s'ills2.
4 --
i
An a,ilit# to en'a'e in life-lon' learnin' and an
understandin' of t$e need to "eep current of t$e
de%elopments in t$e specific field of practice
1Continuin1 education aareness2.
!
!eminars
Discussions
9
-no&led'e of contemporar# issues li"e increased use of
porta,le de%ices, risin' $ealt$ care costs and etc. &$ic$
influence en'ineerin' desi'n 1Social aareness2.
!
Bor"s$op, Mini
Pro9ects,
Protot#pes
"
An a,ilit# to use current tec$ni(ues, s"ills and modern
en'ineerin' tools necessar# to anal#)e electronics 7
communication en'ineerin' practice 1!ractical
en1ineerin1 anal)sis s'ills2.
!
Desi'n E3ercises,
!eminars, Paper
Presentations
l
An a,ilit# to appl# creati%it# in desi'n and de%elopment
of electronic circuits, e(uipment, components, su,-
s#stems and s#stems 1Softare and 0ardare
Interface2.
!
Desi'n E3ercises,
De%elopment of
Protot#pes, Mini
Pro9ects
m
An a,ilit# to reco'ni)e t$e importance of professional
de%elopments ,# pursuin' post 'raduate studies or facin'
competiti%e e3aminations t$at offer c$allen'in' and
re&ardin' careers in desi'nin' 1Successful Career and
Immediate *m.lo)ment2.
A
E3ams,
Discussions
N 3 None S 3 Su..ortive 0 3 0i1-l) 4elated
,III. S)lla(us:
UNIT I
!ULS* DIGITAL MODULATION: Elements of di'ital communication s#stems, ad%anta'es of
di'ital communication s#stems, Elements of PCM> !amplin', /uanti)ation 7 Codin',
/uanti)ation error, Compadin' in PCM s#stems. Differential PCM s#stems 1DPCM2.
UNIT II
D*LTA MODULATION : Delta modulation, its dra& ,ac"s, adapti%e delta modulation,
comparison of PCM and DM s#stems, noise in PCM and DM s#stems.
UNIT III
DIGITAL MODULATION T*C0NI5U*S: +ntroduction, A!-, .!-, P!-, DP!-, DEP!-,
/P!-, M-ar# P!-, A!-, .!-, similarit# of ;.!- and ;P!-.
UNIT I,
DATA T4ANSMISSION : ;ase ,and si'nal recei%er, pro,a,ilit# of error, t$e optimum filter,
matc$ed filter, pro,a,ilit# of error usin' matc$ed filter, co$erent reception, non-co$erent detection
of .!-, calculation of error pro,a,ilit# of A!-, ;P!-, ;.!-,/P!-.
UNIT ,
IN2O4MATION T0*O46: Discrete messa'es, concept of amount of information and its
properties. A%era'e information, Entrop# and its properties. +nformation rate, Mutual information
and its properties
UNIT ,I
SOU4C* CODING : +ntroductions, Ad%anta'es, !$annonCs t$eorem, !$anon-.ano codin',
Auffman codin', efficienc# calculations, c$annel capacit# of discrete and analo' C$annels,
capacit# of a 6aussian c$annel, ,and&idt$ D!04 trade off.
UNIT ,II
LIN*A4 7LOC8 COD*S: +ntroduction, Matri3 description of Linear ;loc" codes, Error
detection and error correction capa,ilities of Linear ,loc" codes, Aammin' codes, ;inar# c#clic
codes, Al'e,raic structure, encodin', s#ndrome calculation, ;CA Codes.
UNIT ,III
CON,OLUTION COD*S : +ntroduction, encodin' of con%olution codes, time domain approac$,
transform domain approac$. 6rap$ical approac$> state, tree and trellis dia'ram decodin' usin'
*iter,i al'orit$m.
I9. List of Te+t 7oo's % 4eferences % &e(sites % :ournals % Ot-ers
T*9T 7OO8S:
1. Di'ital communications - !imon Aa#"in, Eo$n Bile#, 8==:
8. Principles of Communication !#stems D A. Tau, and D. !c$illin', TMA, 8==3
4*2*4*NC*S:
1. Di'ital and Analo' Communication !#stems - !am !$anmu'am, Eo$n Bile#, 8==:.
8. Di'ital Communications D Eo$n Proa"is, TMA, 1F@3.
3. Communication !#stems Analo' 7 Di'ital D !in'$ 7 !apre, TMA, 8==4.
4. Modern Analo' and Di'ital Communication D ;.P.Lat$i, G3ford reprint, 3rd edition, 8==4.
9. Course !lan:
Lecture
No.
Learnin1 O(/ective To.ics to (e covered 4eference
1.
To under stand Elements of di'ital
communication s#stems
Elements of di'ital communication
s#stems >Model of di'ital
communication s#stems
T1
8.
To "no& di'ital representation of analo'
si'nal
di'ital representation of analo'
si'nal, certain issues in di'ital
transmissions
T1
3.
To under stand ad%anta'es of di'ital
communication s#stems
ad%anta'es of di'ital
communication s#stems
T1
4. To understand PCM
Pulse code modulation> PCM
'eneration
T1
:. To anal#)e PCM reconstruction
PCM reconstruction, /uanti)ation
noise
T1
?. To under stand 4on uniform (uanti)ation 4on uniform (uanti)ation T1
<.
To under stand Differential PCM s#stems
1DPCM
Differential PCM s#stems
1DPCM2.
T1
@. To under stand Adapti%e DPCM Adapti%e DPCM T1
F. To under stand Delta modulation Delta modulation T1
1=. To "no& Adapti%e delta modulation Adapti%e delta modulation, T1
11. To anal#)e 4oise in PCM and DM s#stems4oise in PCM and DM s#stems. T1
18. To under stand A!-
Di'ital modulation tec$ni(ues>
+ntroduction, A!-, A!-
modulator,
T1
13. To "no& detection of A!-
co$erent A!- detector, non-
co$erent A!- detector
T1
14. To find ;and &idt$ of .!-
.!-, ,and&idt$ and fre(uenc#
spectrum of .!-,
T1
1:. To under stand detection of .!-
non-co$erent .!-, co$erent .!-
detector ,.!- detection usin' PLL
T1
1?. To under stand P!- ;P!-, co$erent P!- detection T1
1<. To under stand /P!- /P!-, Differential P!-. T1
1@.
To "no& ;ase,and transmission of di'ital
si'nal
;ase,and transmission and
reception of di'ital si'nal
T1
1F.
To under stand Pulse s$apin' for optimum
transmissions
Pulse s$apin' for optimum
transmissions,
T1
8=. To "no& optimal of co$erent reception
A ,ase ,and si'nal recei%er,
pro,a,ilit# of error
T1
81. To find pro,a,ilit# of error
optimal recei%er, optimal of
co$erent reception
T1
88. To dra& si'nal space representation si'nal space representation T1
83. To find pro,a,ilit# of error for A!-, P!- pro,a,ilit# of error for A!-, P!- T1
84. To find pro,a,ilit# of error
pro,a,ilit# of error for
.!-,/P!-,DP!-
T1
8:. To anal#)e e#e dia'ram, e#e dia'ram, T1
8?. To under stand cross tal" cross tal" T;
8<. To under stand +nformation t$eor#
+nformation t$eor#> Measure of
+nformation.
T<
8@. To find Entrop# Entrop# T<
8F. To anal#)e Entrop# properties Entrop# properties T<
3=.
To find conditional entrop# and
redundanc#
conditional entrop# and
redundanc#
T<
31. To find mutual information mutual information , T<
38. To understand information due to loss information due to loss T<
33. To find C$annel capacit# C$annel capacit# T<
34. To E%aluate source codin' efficienc# !ource codin' efficienc# T<
3:. To find !$anon-.ano codin' !$anon-.ano codin' T<
3?. To find source codin'- Auffman code source codin'- Auffman code, T<
3<. To "no& %aria,le len't$ codin' %aria,le len't$ codin' T<
3@.
To understand source codin' to increase
a%era'e information ,it
source codin' to increase a%era'e
information ,it
T<
3F. To understand loss# source codin' loss# source codin'. T<
4=. To understand Linear ;loc" code
Linear ;loc" code> Matri3
description of Linear ;loc" codes
T<
41.
To understand Error detection of Linear
,loc" codes
Error detection of Linear ,loc"
codes,
T<
48.
To %erif# error correction capa,ilities of
Linear ,loc" codes,
error correction capa,ilities of
Linear ,loc" codes,
T<
43.
To "no& error correction of linear ,loc"
codes
Error correction of linear ,loc"
codes
T<
44.
To understand Error detection of
C#clic codes
C#clic codes> Al'e,raic structure, T<
4:. To "no& t$e encodin' of c#clic codes Encodin' of c#clic codes T<
4?. To find s#ndrome calculation s#ndrome calculation, T<
4<. To "no& t$e decodin' of c#clic codes Decodin' T<
4@. To understand Con%olution codes +ntroduction to Con%olution codes T<
4F.
To understand Encodin' of con%olutional
codes ,# time domain
Encodin' of con%olutional codes
,# time domain
T<
:=.
To understand Encodin' of con%olutional
codes ,# transform domain
Encodin' of con%olutional codes
,# transform domain
T<
:1.
To find Decodin' usin' state, tree
dia'rams
Decodin' usin' state, tree
dia'rams
T<
:8.
To find Encodin', Decodin' usin' trellis
dia'ram,
Encodin', Decodin' usin' trellis
dia'ram,
T<
:3.
To understand decodin' usin' *iter,i
al'orit$m
decodin' usin' *iter,i al'orit$m T<
:4.
To compare error rates in coded and un
coded transmission
comparison of error rates in coded
and un coded transmission.
T<
::. To e%aluate performance of codin' Pro,lem sol%in' T<
9I. Ma..in1 course o(/ectives leadin1 to t-e ac-ievement of t-e .ro1ram outcomes:
Course
O(/ectives
!ro1ram Outcomes
a ( c d e f 1 - i / ' l m
I S S 0
II S S S
III S S S
I, S S 0
, S S
,I S S S
,II S S 0
,II S S

S 3 Su..ortive 0 3 0i1-l) 4elated
9II. Ma..in1 course outcomes leadin1 to t-e ac-ievement of t-e .ro1ram outcomes:
Course
Outcomes
!ro1ram Outcomes
a ( c d e f 1 - i / ' l m
1 S S 0
< S S
; S S S 0
= S S
> S S S
? S S
@ S S S
A S 0
S 3 Su..ortive 0 3 0i1-l) 4elated

Prepared ;# > P.Tirumala Rao
Date > 1st Eul#, 8=13
4*SULT ANAL6SIS:
Academic 6ear Semester Class Su(/ect 4esult
8=18-8=13 ++ +++ ECE-1 DC 95%
8=18-8=13 ++ +++ ECE-8 DC 98%
8=11-8=18 ++ +++ ECE-1 DC F8%
8=11-8=18 ++ +++ ECE-8 DC F1%
8=1=-8=11 ++ +++ ECE DC @@%
8==F-8=1= ++ +++ ECE DC @<%