SAE Network Fundamental
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Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
References
3GPP TS23401 R8
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Page2
Objectives
Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:
Describe the SAE network structure
Describe the SAE Network interface and protocol
Describe the SAE Network working procedures
Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Page3
Contents
1. SAE Network Structure 2. SAE Network Working Principle
Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Page4
Contents
1. SAE Network Structure 2. SAE Network Working Principle
Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Page5
Contents
1. SAE Network Structure
1.1 SAE Network Structure
1.2 SAE Network Interfaces
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Page6
3GPP System Evolution
3GPP GSM/ GPRS UMTS: R99/R4/R5/R6/R7 LTE/SAE: R8
1.PS core network only support nonreal time services. 2. Voice services are carried in the CS domain. 3. Low efficiency of routes in forwarding data due to the over-layered networks. 4. Incapability of supporting multiple radio access systems
1. The all-IP network contains the PS. Voice services are jointly provided by the PS and the IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS). 2. Flattened network architecture. 3. Support of the multiple access technologies. 4. High data transmission rate: downlink 100 Mbit/s and uplink traffic 50 Mbit/s.
Page7
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The Evolution of PS Network
R6 and its earlier versions R7 non-direct tunnel NodeB RNC SGSN GGSN
SGSN R7 Direct Tunnel Solution
NodeB
RNC
GGSN
MME
R8 SAE
eNodeB
Serving GateWay
PDN GateWay
Control plane User plane
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Page8
EPS Network Structure
HSS eNodeB MME S1-MME S6a Gxc S11 Rx Gx PCRF Control plane User plane
LTE -Uu
X2
S1-U
S1-MME eNodeB S1-U
S5
SGi P-GW
Operator's IP Service
S-GW
UE
LTE
SAE
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Page9
EPS Network Functions
The EPS network perform the following logical functions :
Network Access Control Functions.
Packet Routeing and Transfer Functions.
Mobility Management Functions. Security Functions. Radio Resource Management Functions. Network Management Functions.
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Page10
SAE Network Structure
Co-Site of the S-GW and P-GW
UTRAN NodeB GERAN BTS RNC S6a HSS BSC/PCU MME S11 LTE eNodeB S1-MME S1-U S-GW/P-GW SGi Operator's IP Services S4 Gx Rx
SGSN S12
S3
PCRF
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Page11
SAE Network Structure
Separate Installation of the S-GW and P-GW
UTRAN NodeB GERAN BTS RNC
SGSN S12 S3 S6a HSS BSC/PCU MME S1-MME eNodeB S1-U S-GW S11 S4 Gx Rx Operator's IP Services
PCRF
LTE
S5 P-GW
SGi
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Page12
Functions of SAE Network Entity
MME: mobility management entity
Non-access stratum (NAS) signaling MME selection for handovers with MME change
NAS signaling security
SGSN selection for handovers to 2G/3G access
networks
Signaling interaction between core network (CN) nodes during an inter3GPP access network handover Reachability of UEs in IDLE mode Tracking area (TA) list management Selection of the P-GW and S-GW
Roaming
Authentication Bearer management Lawful interception of signaling traffic
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Page13
Functions of SAE Network Entity
SGW: serving gateway
Functioning as the local mobility anchor point for inter-eNodeB handovers
Assisting the eNodeB reordering function during inter-eNodeB handovers by sending one or more "end
marker" packets to the source eNodeB immediately after switching the path Supporting inter-operator charging based on subscriber and QoS class identifier (QCI) granularity Implementing downlink packet buffering and E-UTRAN triggered paging in ECM-IDLE mode Functioning as the mobility anchor point for inter3GPP handovers Supporting packet routing and transfer
Performing lawful interception
Supporting transport level packet marking for
uplink and downlink data
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Page14
Functions of SAE Network Entity
P-GW: packet data network gateway
Packet filtering based on single user Uplink and downlink rate control based on traffic
Lawful interception
Uplink and downlink rate enforcement based on
access point name-aggregate maximum bit rate (APN-AMBR)
IP address allocation for UEs
Downlink rate enforcement based on guaranteed bit rate (GBR)
Supporting packet marking for uplink and downlink data based on transfer priority Uplink and downlink charging based on traffic Uplink and downlink gateway control based on traffic
DHCPv4 (server/client) and DHCPv6 (server) functions Uplink and downlink bearer binding Uplink bearer binding verification
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Page15
Functions of SAE Network Entity
HSS: home subscriber server
Supporting authentication and registration for subscribers and downloading user profiles to the MME Supporting authentication and registration for non-3GPP subscribers and distributing user
profiles to the AAA
Providing roaming restriction Providing barring services Providing restrictions over access network types Implementing IPv4/IPv6 dual protocol stack Supporting Diameter-based IP networking
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Page16
Functions of SAE Network Entity
PCRF: policy control and charging rule function The PCRF is mainly used for prescribing rules for policy and charging control.
The PCRF is responsible for terminating the Rx interface and the Gx interface.
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Page17
HUAWEI LTE-SAE Solution
SGSN GPRS HSS Control plane User plane BTS UMTS NodeB RNC MME BSC/PCU PCRF
LTE eNodeB S-GW
Operator Service Network
P-GW
Corporate Services
CDMA BTS BSC/PCF PDSN/HSGW
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Page18
Contents
1. SAE Network Structure
1.1 SAE Network Structure
1.2 SAE Network Interfaces
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Page19
SAE Network Interfaces
HSS eNodeB MME S1-MME S6a Gxc S11 Rx Gx PCRF Control plane User plane
LTE -Uu
X2
S1-U
S1-MME eNodeB S1-U
S5
SGi P-GW
Operator's IP Service
S-GW
UE
LTE
SAE
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Page20
Control Plane Protocol Stacks
NAS RRC PDCP RLC MAC L1
UE LTE-Uu
NAS RRC PDCP RLC MAC L1 S1-AP SCTP IP L2 L1
eNodeB S1-MME
S1-AP SCTP IP L2 L1
MME
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Page21
User Plane Protocol Stacks
Application IP PDCP Relay PDCP RLC MAC L1 LTE-Uu RLC MAC L1 GTP-U UDP/IP L2 L1 S1-U Relay GTP-U UDP/IP L2 L1 GTP-U UDP/IP L2 L1 S5/S8 a UDP/IP L2 L1 SGi IP GTP-U
UE
eNodeB
Serving GW
PDN GW
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Page22
S1 Interface
S1-MME S1-U eNodeB S-GW MME
S1-AP SCTP IP L2 L1 eNodeB S1-MME
S1-AP SCTP
GTP-U UDP/IP
GTP-U UDP/IP L2 L1 S1-U S-GW
IP L2 L1 MME
L2 L1 eNodeB
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Page23
S6a Interface
S1-MME S6a
eNodeB
MME
HSS
Diameter SCTP IP L2 L1 S6a MME
Diameter SCTP IP L2 L1
HSS
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Page24
S10 Interface
S10 MME S1-MME S6a
eNodeB
GTP-C UDP IP L2 L1
MME
GTP-C UDP IP L2 L1 S10 MME
HSS
MME
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Page25
S11 Interface
S10 MME S1-MME S6a
eNodeB
GTP-C UDP IP L2 L1 S11 MME GTP-C UDP IP L2 L1 S-GW
MME
S11
HSS
S-GW
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Page26
S5/S8 Interface
MME S1-U
S11 S5 P-GW
eNodeB PLMN1
S-GW
S8
PLMN2 P-GW
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Page27
S5/S8 Interface: 3gpp 23401
3GPP23.401(3gpp access): An S5/S8 interface based on GTP. The signaling plane runs the GTPv2 protocol and the user plane
runs the GTPv1 protocol.
GTP-C UDP/IP L2 L1 S-GW GTP based S5/S8 GTP-C UDP/IP L2 L1 P-GW
GTP-U UDP/IP L2 L1 S-GW GTP based S5/S8
GTP-U UDP/IP L2 L1 P-GW
Control plane
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User plane
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Gx/Gxc Interface
Diameter protocol application Diameter base protocol TLS Diameter protocol application Diameter base protocol
PCRF Gxc Gx
TLS TCP/SCTP IP/IPSec
Gx/Gxc Gx
TCP/SCTP
S-GW
P-GW
IP/IPSec P-GW P-GW/S-GW
PCRF
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Page29
SGi Interface
AAA Server SGi Web Server
RADIUS/ DHCPv4/L2TP UDP/IP
P-GW
RADIUS/ DHCPv4/L2TP UDP/IP
PDN
L2
L2
L1 P-GW SGi
L1 PDN
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Page30
Contents
1. SAE Network Structure 2. SAE Network Working Principle
Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Page31
Contents
2. SAE Network Working Principle
2.1 General Service Process
2.2 Identity of SAE Network
2.3 Mobility Management Procedure 2.4 Session Management Procedure
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Page32
Typical Packet Service
MME
ICP/ISP internet
eNodeB
S-GW
P-GW Signaling Data
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Typical Voice Service
IMS domain SAE Signaling IMS Signaling Data (VOIP) CSCF 1 2 IMS-MGW 3 MGCF
MME
MSC
eNodeB
S-GW SAE
P-GW
PLMN
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Page34
Roaming: Home Routed
VPLMN
Gb GERAN Iu SGSN
HPLMN
HSS PCRF
S3
S12 UTRAN S1-C MME S1-U E-UTRUAN
S4 S6a S7
Rx
S11 S8a SGi
Operators IP Service
S-GW
PDN-GW
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Roaming: Local Breakout
VPLMN
Gb GERAN Iu S3 S12 UTRAN S1-C MME S1-U E-UTRUAN S-GW PDN-GW S11 S8a S4 S6a V-PCRF S7 SGi S9 SGSN
HPLMN
HSS H-PCRF Rx
Operators IP Service
Operators IP Service
Local Breakout with Home Operator's Application Functions only
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Page36
Roaming: Local Breakout
VPLMN
Gb GERAN Iu S3 S12 UTRAN S1-C MME S1-U E-UTRUAN S-GW PDN-GW S11 S8a S4 S6a V-PCRF Rx S7 SGi S9 SGSN
HPLMN
HSS H-PCRF
Operators IP Service
Operators IP Service
Local Breakout with Visited Operator's Application Functions only
Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Page37
Contents
2. SAE Network Working Principle
2.1 General Service Process
2.2 Identity of SAE Network
2.3 Mobility Management Procedure 2.4 Session Management Procedure
Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Page38
Identity of SAE Network
MME TAI=MCC+MNC+TAC TA List TA 1
CELL1 CELL2
MMEI= MME Group ID+MME Code
TA List TA 2 TA 1
CELL1 CELL2
TA 2
CELL3 CELL4
CELL3 CELL4
IMSI MSISDN GUTI=GUMMEI+M-TMSI =MCC+MNC+MMEI+M-TMSI
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Contents
2. SAE Network Working Principle
2.1 General Service Process
2.2 Identity of SAE Network
2.3 Mobility Management Procedure 2.4 Session Management Procedure
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Page40
Subscriber State Management
Subscriber state
EMM: EPS Mobility Management
EMM-DEREGISTERED
EMM-REGISTERED
ECM: EPS Connection Management
ECM-IDLE
ECM-CONNECTED
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EMM State
Detach, Attach Reject, TAU reject, E-UTRAN interface switched off due to Non-3GPP handover, All bearers deactivated EMM-DEREGISTERED Attach accept EMM-REGISTERED
EMM state in UE
Detach, Attach Reject, TAU reject, All bearers deactivated EMM-DEREGISTERED EMM-REGISTERED Attach accept TAU accept for a UE selecting E-UTRAN from GERAN/UTRAN
EMM state in MME
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ECM State
RRC connection released ECM-IDLE RRC connection established ECM-CONNECTED
ECM state in UE
S1 connection released ECM-IDLE S1 connection established ECM-CONNECTED
ECM state in MME
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Page43
MM and EPS Bearer Context
MM context MME EPS bearer context HSS Subscription information EPS bearer Subscription context
ICP/ISP internet MM context EPS bearer context S-GW EPS bearer context P-GW EPS bearer context Signaling Data
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Mobility Management Procedures
Main mobility management procedures:
Attach procedure
Tracking area update procedure
Detach procedure
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Attach Procedure
Function of attach procedure:
The UE register to the EPS network.
The always-on IP connectivity for UE/users of the EPS is enabled
by establishing a default EPS bearer during Network Attachment.
The MM context and EPS bearer context will be created in the
MME and UE. The EPS bearer context will be created in S-GW and
P-GW.
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Attach Procedure
eNodeB New MME Old MME
HSS
S-GW
P-GW
1. Attach request 2. Identification req/rsp 3. Identity req/rsp
4. Security function
5. Update location request 6. Cancel location /Ack
7. Update location Ack
8. Create default bearer req 9. Create default bearer req 10. Create default bearer rsp
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Attach Procedure
eNodeB New MME Old MME
HSS
S-GW
P-GW
11. Create default bearer rsp
12. Attach accept
13. Radio bearer establish
14. Attach complete
15. Update bearer request 16. Update bearer response 17. Uplink and downlink data
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Location Information Storage
HSS MME IP address
MME1
MME2
Tracking Area list Tracking Area ID E-UTRAN Cell Global Identity
Tracking Area list Tracking Area ID
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Page49
TAU Procedure
S-GW1 S-GW2
MME1
MME2
MME3
TA list 1 Periodic TAU
TA list 2
TA list 3
TA list 4
Inter MME TAU with SGW change Inter MME TAU without SGW change
Intra MME TAU
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Inter TAU without SGW change
eNodeB 1. TAU request New MME Old MME
HSS
S-GW
P-GW
2. Context request 3. Context response 4. Security function
5. Context Ack 6. Update bearer request 7. Update bearer request 8. Update bearer response 9. Update bearer response
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Inter TAU without SGW change
eNodeB New MME Old MME
HSS
S-GW
P-GW
10. Update location request
11. Cancel location
12. Cancel location Ack
13. Update location Ack
14. TAU accept 15. TAU complete
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Inter TAU with SGW change
eNodeB 1. TAU request New MME Old MME
HSS New S-GW Old S-GW
P-GW
2. Context request 3. Context response 4. Security function
5. Context Ack 6. Create bearer request 7. Update bearer request 8. Update bearer response 9. Create bearer response
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Inter TAU with SGW change
eNodeB New MME Old MME
HSS New S-GW Old S-GW
P-GW
10. Update location request 11. Cancel location 12. Cancel location Ack 13. Update location Ack 16. TAU accept 14. Delete bearer request 15. Delete bearer response
17. TAU complete
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Detach Procedure
The detach procedure is used in the following scenarios:
A UE is detached from the EPS service.
A UE is disconnected from the last PDN connection.
The network informs a UE that the UE cannot access to the EPS.
A UE can be detached explicitly or implicitly.
Explicit detach Implicit detach
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UE Initiated Detach Procedure
eNodeB 1. Detach request 2. Delete bearer request MME S-GW P-GW
3. Delete bearer request
4. Delete bearer response 5. Delete bearer response
6. Detach accept
7. Signaling connection release
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Security Function
2G Authentication Security vectors Single-directional authentication Triplet (RAND, Sres, and Kc) 3G bi-directional authentication Quintet (RAND, XRES, CK, IK, and AUTN) Yes Yes No SAE bi-directional authentication New EPS security vectors (RAND, AUTN, XRES, and KASME). The UMTS and EPS authentication vectors are separated. Yes No Provides protection for the NAS layer and the AS layer separately. Manages the keys in the NAS and AS layers separately. Performs the algorithm negotiation for the NAS and AS layers separately.
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Integrity protection SIM compatibility Layered security architecture
No N/A No
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Authentication Vector
EPS authentication quaternary
RAND: Random Challenge
AUTN: Authentication Token
XRES: Expected Response Kasme: Ciphering key
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Authentication Procedure
MME MME
1. Authentication data request 2. Authentication data response
3. User authentication request 4. User authentication response
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EPS Security Architecture
UE NAS NAS eNodeB Ciphering/integrity NAS MME
RRC
RRC Ciphering/integrity
RRC
UP Ciphering PDCP PDCP
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NAS/AS Security Mode Procedure
eNodeB MME
1. NAS security mode command 2. NAS security mode complete
1. AS security mode command 2. AS security mode complete
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Page61
Contents
2. SAE Network Working Principle
2.1 General Service Process
2.2 Identity of SAE Network
2.3 Mobility Management Procedure 2.4 Session Management Procedure
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Page62
Multiple-PDN connectivity
PDN connection 1: APN1 P-GW S-GW ICP/ISP internet P-GW PDN connection 3: APN3
Server
Intranet
PDN connection 2: APN2
Server Intranet
S-GW P-GW Wap server Wap network
PDN connection 4: APN4
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EPS Bearer
One PDN connection include one default EPS bearer, and zero or several dedicated EPS bearer.
PDN connection 1 Default EPS bearer Dedicated EPS bearer 1 Dedicated EPS bearer 2 S-GW EPS bearer eNodeB P-GW
Radio bearer
S1 bearer
S-GW S5/S8 bearer
P-GW
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Session Management Procedure
EPS bearer management procedure
Bearer activation procedure
Bearer modification procedure
Bearer deactivation procedure
PDN connection management procedure (UE support for multiple PDN connections):
UE requested PDN connectivity procedure UE or MME requested PDN disconnection procedure
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P-GW Initiated Dedicated Bearer Activation
eNodeB
MME
S-GW
P-GW
1. Create dedicated bearer request 2. Create dedicated bearer request 3. Session management request 4. Creation of bearer of E-UTRAN 5. Session management response
6. Create dedicated bearer response
7. Create dedicated bearer response
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P-GW Initiated Bearer Modification With QoS Update
eNodeB
MME
S-GW
P-GW
1. Update bearer request 2. Update bearer request 3. Session management request 4. Update of bearer of E-UTRAN 5. Session management response
6. Update bearer response
7. Update bearer response
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PDN GW Initiated Bearer Deactivation
eNodeB
MME
S-GW
P-GW
1. Delete bearer request 2. Delete bearer request 3. Deactivate EPS bearer context request 4. Release of bearer of E-UTRAN 5. Deactivate EPS bearer context accept
6. Delete bearer response
7. Delete bearer response
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UE Requested Bearer Resource Modification
eNodeB
MME
S-GW
P-GW
1. Request bearer resource modification 2. Request bearer resource modification 3. Request bearer resource modification
4. Dedicated bearer activation, or dedicated bearer modification, or dedicated bearer deactivation procedure
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UE Requested PDN Connectivity Procedure
MME 1. PDN connectivity request eNodeB S-GW P-GW
2. Create default bearer request 3. Create default bearer request 4. Create default bearer response 5. Create default bearer response 6. PDN connectivity accept 7. Creation of bearer of E-UTRAN 8. PDN connectivity complete
9. Update bearer request
10. Update bearer response
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UE Requested PDN Connectivity Procedure
MME 1. PDN connectivity request eNodeB S-GW P-GW
2. Create default bearer request 3. Create default bearer request 4. Create default bearer response 5. Create default bearer response 6. PDN connectivity accept 7. Creation of bearer of E-UTRAN 8. PDN connectivity complete
9. Update bearer request
10. Update bearer response
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UE Requested PDN Disconnection Procedure
eNodeB
MME
S-GW
P-GW
1. PDN disconnection request 2. Delete bearer request 3. Delete bearer request 4. Delete bearer response 5. Delete bearer response 6. Release of bearer of E-UTRAN
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Page72
Summary
The SAE network is composed of:
MME, S-GW, P-GW
The main working principle of SAE network are:
Mobility management procedure Session management procedure
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