Lips / Muttoni / Fernndez Ruiz / Ecole Polytechnique Fdrale de Lausanne, Switzerland 1
fib Model Code 2010
Punching of flat slabs:
Design example
Stefan Lips, Aurelio Muttoni, Miguel Fernndez Ruiz
Ecole Polytechnique Fdrale de Lausanne, Switzerland,
18.07.2011
Lips / Muttoni / Fernndez Ruiz / Ecole Polytechnique Fdrale de Lausanne, Switzerland 2
1 Basic data
1.1 Geometry (dimensions in [m])
Spans: L
x
= 6.00 m and L
y
= 5.60 m
Plan view Section trough slab
and column
Slab thickness h: 25 cm
Cover concrete c: 3 cm
1.2 Material
The material properties can be found in chapter 5 of model code 2010. Concrete C30 Steel B500S (flexural and transverse reinforcement)
f
ck
30 MPa f
yd
435 MPa
c
1.5 E
s
200 GPa
d
g
32 mm Ductility class B
1.3 Loads
Self-weight of concrete slab: 6.25 kN/m
2
Superimposed dead load: 2 kN/m
2
Live load: 3 kN/m
2
2
1.35(6.25 2) 1.5 3 15.6kN/m
d d
g q + = + + =
Lips / Muttoni / Fernndez Ruiz / Ecole Polytechnique Fdrale de Lausanne, Switzerland 3
2 Level I of approximation (preliminary design)
Reaction forces
The goal of the preliminary design is to check if the dimensions of the
structure are reasonable with respect to the punching shear strength and if
punching shear reinforcement is needed.
The reaction forces in the columns are estimated by using contributive areas.
Inner (C5): V
d
692 kN
Corner (C1, C3): V
d
93 kN
Edge (C2): V
d
265 kN
(C4 and C6 are not governing
V
d
244 kN)
Control perimeter
The effective depth d
v
is assumed to be 200 mm.
Eccentricity coefficient (k
e
) are adopted from the commentary of [Link]
Inner column Corner Column Edge Column
(C5) (C1, C3) (C2, C4, C6)
k
e
=0.9 k
e
=0.65 k
e
=0.7
Inner: ( ) ( )
0
4 0.90 4 260 200 1501mm
e c v
b k b d t t = + = + =
Corner:
0
200
2 0.65 2 260 440mm
4 4
v
e c
d
b k b
t t | | | |
= + = + =
| |
\ . \ .
Edge:
0
200
3 0.70 3 260 766mm
2 2
v
e c
d
b k b
t t | | | |
= + = + =
| |
\ . \ .
Rotations
According to the commentary, the distance to the point where the radial
moment is zero r
s
can be estimated based on the spans.
By using the Level I approach, one can estimate the rotations.
The maximum aggregate size of 32 mm leads to a factor k
dg
of
48 48
1.0
16 16 32
dg
g
k
d
= = =
+ +
,
0.22 0.22 6.0 1.32m
s x x
r L = = =
,
0.22 0.22 5.6 1.23m
s y y
r L = = =
,
1.32 435
1.5 1.5 0.0215
0.200 200000
yd s x
x
s
f r
d E
= = = governing
,
1.23 435
1.5 1.5 0.0200
0.200 200000
s y yd
y
s
r f
d E
= = =
1 1
0.25 0.6
1.5 0.6 1.5 0.6 0.0215 200 1.0
dg
k
d k
= = = s
+ +
Lips / Muttoni / Fernndez Ruiz / Ecole Polytechnique Fdrale de Lausanne, Switzerland 4
Shear strength without shear reinforcement
Inner:
3
, 0
30
0.25 1501 200 10 274 kN 692kN
1.5
ck
Rd c v d
c
f
V k b d V
= = = < =
Corner:
3
, 0
30
0.25 440 200 10 80 kN 93kN
1.5
ck
Rd c v d
c
f
V k b d V
= = = < =
Edge:
3
, 0
30
0.25 766 200 10 140 kN 265kN
1.5
ck
Rd c v d
c
f
V k b d V
= = = < =
The thickness of the slab has to be increased or the slab has to be shear
reinforced.
Shear reinforcement
To check if shear reinforcement and which system can be used, one can
calculate the minimal needed value of factor k
sys
.
,max 0
,
0
ck
d d
Rd sys v d sys
c Rd c ck
v
c
f V V
V k k b d V k
V
f
k b d
= > > =
k
sys
depends on the performance of the used shear reinforcement system. The
model code proposes a value of k
sys
= 2.0 for system compliant with model
code detailing rules ([Link]). Higher values (up to k
sys
= 2.8) can be used if
more restrictive detailing rules are adopted and if the placing of the transverse
reinforcement is checked at the construction site.
Inner:
,
692
2.5
274
d
sys
Rd c
V
k
V
> = =
Corner:
,
93
1.2
80
d
sys
Rd c
V
k
V
> = =
Edge:
,
265
1.9
140
d
sys
Rd c
V
k
V
> = =
Conclusions
Inner column: Shear reinforcement is necessary and sufficient (accounting for
the values of k
sys
) to ensure punching shear strength
Corner columns: Shear reinforcement might probably not be necessary. This has
to be confirmed by a higher level of approximation.
Edge columns: Shear reinforcement might probably be necessary.
The thickness of the slab is sufficient if shear reinforcement is used.
Lips / Muttoni / Fernndez Ruiz / Ecole Polytechnique Fdrale de Lausanne, Switzerland 5
3 Level II of approximation (typical design)
3.4 Structural analysis and flexural design
The moments and the reaction forces have been calculated with a finite
element software. For the analysis, a linear-elastic model has been used.
The moment M
d
is the vector addition of the moments in x- and y-direction.
2 2
, , d d x d y
M M M = +
Summary of the column reactions
Column R
d
[kN] M
d,x,
[kNm] M
d,y
[kNm] M
d
[kNm]
C1 111 25 22 33
C2 266 42 0 42
C3 112 25 22 33
C4 252 3 36 36
C5 664 8 1 8
C6 246 5 34 34
For a level II approximation, one has to know the flexural reinforcement. It
was designed on the basis of the previous finite element analysis.
The flexural strength can be calculated according to the Model Code. In this
example, however, the flexural strength has been calculated assuming a rigid-
plastic behavior of concrete and steel:
2
1
2
yd
Rd yd
cd
f
m d f
f
| |
=
|
\ .
Reinforcement sketch
Flexural strength
10 @200 mm m
Rd
= 35 kNm/m d = 210 mm
10 @100 mm m
Rd
= 69 kNm/m d = 210 mm
10 @200 mm / 16 @200 mm m
Rd
= 115 kNm/m d = 204 mm
Lips / Muttoni / Fernndez Ruiz / Ecole Polytechnique Fdrale de Lausanne, Switzerland 6
3.5 Shear design inner column C5
Design shear force
The design shear force V
d
is equal to the column reaction
force N
d
minus the applied load within the control
perimeter (g
d
+ q
d
)A
c
.
2 2
2 2 2
0.204
2 0.26 2 0.26 0.204 0.21
4 4
v
c c c v
d
A b b d m t t = + + = + + =
( ) 664 15.6 0.21 661 kN
d d d d c
V N g q A = + = =
Control perimeter
In case of inner columns, the centroid of the column
corresponds to the centroid of the control perimeter.
Therefore,
0 e A =
6
3
8 10
0 12mm
661 10
d
u
d
M
e e
V
= A = =
3
4 4
206 10 513mm
u c
b A
t t
= = =
1 1
0.98
1 1 12 513
e
u u
k
e b
= = =
+ +
( ) ( )
0 1
4 0.98 4 260 204 1642mm
e e c v
b k b k b d t t = = + = + =
Rotations
The distances r
s,x
and r
s,y
are the same as for the Level I approximation.
,
1.32m
s x
r =
,
1.23m
s y
r =
, ,
1.5 1.5 1.32 1.23 1.91m
s s x s y
b r r = = =
,
,
661 8
85kNm/m
8 2 8 2 1.91
d x d x d
sd x
s
M V e V
m
b
A
= + = + =
,
,
661 1
83kNm/m
8 2 8 2 1.91
d y d y
d
sd y
s
M V e
V
m
b
A
= + = + =
k
dg
is calculated at Level I.
1.5
1.5
,
,
1.32 435 85
1.5 1.5 0.0133
0.204 200000 115
yd s x sd
x
s Rd x
f r m
d E m
| |
| |
= = = |
|
|
\ .
\ .
governing
1.5
1.5
,
,
1.23 435 83
1.5 1.5 0.0121
0.204 200000 115
s y yd
sd
y
s Rd y
r f
m
d E m
| |
| |
= = = |
|
|
\ .
\ .
1 1
0.32 0.6
1.5 0.6 1.5 0.6 0.0133 204 1.0
dg
k
d k
= = = <
+ +
Lips / Muttoni / Fernndez Ruiz / Ecole Polytechnique Fdrale de Lausanne, Switzerland 7
Punching strength without shear reinforcement
The punching shear strength of the concrete is not sufficient. Consequently,
shear reinforcement is necessary.
3
, 0
30
0.32 1642 204 10 390 kN 661kN
1.5
ck
Rd c v d
c
f
V k b d V
= = = < =
Punching strength with shear reinforcement
Firstly, one has to check if the design shear force V
d
is smaller than the
maximum punching strength V
Rd,max
. This is done assuming k
sys
=2.
The design shear force V
d
is below the maximum punching strength V
Rd,max
.
Therefore, the slab can be reinforced with shear reinforcement complying
with detailing rules defined in subclause [Link].
The bond strength is taken as f
bd
= 3 MPa (according to MC 2010 for
corrugated bars).
,max , 0
2 390 781kN 1223kN
ck
Rd sys Rd c v
c
f
V k V b d
= = = s =
,max
781kN 661kN
Rd d
V V = > =
|
.
|
\
|
+
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
+ =
8
204
435
3
1
6
0133 . 0 200000
1
6
w ywd
bd s
swd
d
f
f E
|
o
MPa 435 MPa 521 = > =
ywd swd
f o
( )
( )
3
, 2
661 390 10
636mm
sin 0.98 435 sin 90
d Rd c
sw
e swd
V V
A
k o o
= = =
( ) ( )
2
,min
0.5 0.5 661
774mm
sin 0.98 435 sin 90
d
sw
e ywd
V
A
k f o
= = =
governing
To avoid a failure outside the shear reinforced area, the outer perimeter need
to have a minimal length. The design shear force can be reduced to account
for the loads applied inside the outer perimeter. This effect is neglected as a
safe estimate.
In this example, the calculating value of the effective depth d
v
is equal to the
effective depth d minus the concrete cover c on the bottom surface of the
slab.
,
204 30 174
v out
d d c mm = = =
Assuming a circular control perimeter for the estimation of the eccentricity,
factor k
e
can be estimated as detailed in the right hand side column.
Possible shear reinforcement layout:
3
0
,
661 10
3258mm
30
0.32 174
1.5
d
ck
v out
c
V
b
f
k d
= = =
0
3258
519mm
2 2
out
b
r
t t
= = =
( )
1 1
0.99
1 2 1 12 2 519
e
u out
k
e r
= = =
+ +
0
3258
3296mm
0.99
out
e
b
b
k
= = =
8@100@100 0.50%
sw
= C =
( )
2
2
4 4 0.35 0.35
sw w c v v c v v
A b d d b d d t t
(
= +
( )
2
2
0.005 4 260 204 204 4 260 0.35 204 0.35 204
sw
A t t
(
= +
2 2
1263mm 774mm
sw
A = >
4 700 174 3347mm 3296mm
out
b t = + = >
Lips / Muttoni / Fernndez Ruiz / Ecole Polytechnique Fdrale de Lausanne, Switzerland 8
3.6 Shear design corner column C1 and C3
Design shear force
The design shear force V
d
is equal to the column reaction
force N
d
minus the applied load within the control
perimeter (g
d
+ q
d
)A
c
.
2 2
2 2 2
0.210
2 0.26 0.26 0.210 0.13
2 16 16
v v
c c c
d d
A b b m t t = + + = + + =
( ) 112 15.6 0.13 110 kN
d d d d c
V N g q A = + = =
Control perimeter
3 1 3
4 2 2 4 2
v c
x y c c v
d b
e e b b d
| | | |
A = A = + = +
| |
\ . \ .
1 3 1 3
260 210 144 mm
4 2 4 2
x y c v
e e b d
| | | |
A = A = + = + =
| |
\ . \ .
2 144 2 203mm
x
e e A = A = =
6
3
33 10
203 97mm
110 10
d
u
d
M
e e
V
= A = =
3
4 4
131 10 408mm
u c
b A
t t
= = =
1 1
0.81
1 1 97 408
e
u u
k
e b
= = =
+ +
0 1
2 0.81 2 260 210 554mm
4 4
v
e e c
d
b k b k b
t t | | | |
= = + = + =
| |
\ . \ .
Rotations
The distances r
s,x
and r
s,y
are the same as for the Level I
approximation.
In case of corner columns, the width of the support strip
may be limited by the distance b
sr
.
,
1.32m
s x
r =
,
1.23m
s y
r =
, ,
1.5 1.5 1.32 1.23 1.91m
s s x s y
b r r = = =
2 2 0.26 0.52m
sr c
b b = = = governing
,
,
110 25 110 0.144 110
31kN 55kN
8 8 0.52 2 2
d x d x d d
sd x
s
M V e V V
m
b
A
= + = + = < = =
,
,
110 22 110 0.144 110
25kN 55kN
8 8 0.52 2 2
d y d y
d d
sd y
s
M V e
V V
m
b
A
= + = + = < = =
Lips / Muttoni / Fernndez Ruiz / Ecole Polytechnique Fdrale de Lausanne, Switzerland 9
k
dg
is calculated at Level I.
1.5
1.5
, ,
,
1.32 435 55
1.5 1.5 0.0146
0.21 200000 69
yd s x sd x
x
s Rd x
f r m
d E m
| |
| |
= = = |
|
|
\ .
\ .
governing
1.5
1.5
, ,
,
1.23 435 55
1.5 1.5 0.0136
0.21 200000 69
s y yd sd y
y
s Rd y
r f m
d E m
| |
| |
= = = |
|
|
\ .
\ .
1 1
0.30 0.6
1.5 0.6 1.5 0.6 0.0146 210 1
dg
k
d k
= = = <
+ +
Punching strength without shear reinforcement
The punching shear strength of the concrete is sufficient. Thus, no shear
reinforcement will be necessary
3
0
30
0.30 554 210 10 127kN 110kN
1.5
ck
Rd v
c
f
V k b d
= = = >
Integrity reinforcement
Since no shear reinforcement has been used and m
sd
< m
Rd
, integrity
reinforcement needs to be provided.
For the design of the integrity reinforcement, the accidental load case can be
used. Thus, the design load can be reduced.
( )
2
1.0(6.25 2) 0.6 3 10.1kN/m
d d
acc
g q + = + + =
( )
,
10.1
110 71kN
15.6
d d
acc
d acc d
d d
g q
V V
g q
+
= = =
+
The material properties can be found in chapter 5 of model code 2010.
Ductility class B : (f
t
/f
y
)
k
= 1.08 and
uk
= 0.05
It is assumed that only straight bars will be used, thus 0 o = .
With respect to integrity reinforcement, two restrictions should be fulfilled:
-the integrity reinforcement should at least be composed of four bars
-the diameter of the integrity bars
int
has to be chosen such that
int
0.12 d
res
( )
( )
3
, 2
2 2
1.5 1.5
71 10
916mm
cos 0 cos
/ 1 435 1.08 1
1 1.25 1 1.25 0.05
d acc
s
yd t y
k
uk
V
A
f f f
o
c
= = =
| | | |
| |
|
+ +
\ .
\ .
2x2 20 A
s
= 1257 mm
2
(2 in each direction)
( ) ( ) 0.12 0.12 2 0.12 250 2 30 10 20 19mm 20mm
res top bottom
d h c | | = = = ~
Lips / Muttoni / Fernndez Ruiz / Ecole Polytechnique Fdrale de Lausanne, Switzerland 10
3.7 Shear design edge column C2
Design shear force
The design shear force V
d
is equal to the column reaction
force N
d
minus the applied load within the control
perimeter (g
d
+ q
d
)A
c
.
2 2
2 2 2
3 0.21
3 0.26 0.26 0.21 0.17m
2 8 2 8
v v
c c c
d d
A b b t t = + + = + + =
( ) 266 15.6 0.17 263 kN
d d d d c
V N g q A = + = =
Control perimeter
( )
( )
1
2
2 2 2
2
2
2
2
v v v
c v c c c
c
x
v
c v c
d d d
b d b b b
b
e
d
b d b
| | | | | |
+ + + + +
| | |
\ . \ . \ .
A =
| |
+ + +
|
\ .
2 2
2 6 3 1
4 3 2
c c v v
x
c v
b b d d
e
b d
+ +
A =
+
2 2 2 2
2 6 3 1 1 2 260 6 260 210 3 210
124mm
4 3 2 4 3 260 2 210
c c v v
x
c v
b b d d
e
b d
+ + + +
A = = =
+ +
0mm
y
e A = 124mm
x
e e A = A =
6
3
42 10
124 35mm
263 10
d
u
d
M
e e
V
= A = =
3
4 4
167 10 461mm
u c
b A
t t
= = =
1 1
0.93
1 1 35 461
e
u u
k
e b
= = =
+ +
0 1
3 0.93 3 260 210 1031mm
2 2
v
e e c
d
b k b k b
t t | | | |
= = + = + =
| |
\ . \ .
Rotations
The distances r
s,x
and r
s,y
are the same as for the Level I approximation.
In case of edge columns, the width of the
support strip may be limited by the distance b
sr
.
,
1.32m
s x
r =
,
1.23m
s y
r =
, ,
1.5 1.5 1.32 1.23 1.91m
s s x s y
b r r = = =
,
3 3 0.26 0.78m
sr x c
b b = = = governing
,
0.260 1.91
1.09m
2 2 2 2
c s
sr y
b b
b = + = + = governing
,
,
263 42 263 0.124
45kN
8 8 0.78
d x d x d
sd x
s
M V e V
m
b
A
= + = + =
,
,
263 0 263
33kN 66kN
8 2 8 2 1.09 4 4
d y d y
d d
sd y
s
M V e
V V
m
b
A
= + = + = < = =
Lips / Muttoni / Fernndez Ruiz / Ecole Polytechnique Fdrale de Lausanne, Switzerland 11
k
dg
is calculated at Level I.
1.5
1.5
, ,
,
1.32 435 45
1.5 1.5 0.011
0.21 200000 69
yd s x sd x
x
s Rd x
f r m
d E m
| |
| |
= = = |
|
|
\ .
\ .
1.5
1.5
, ,
,
1.23 435 66
1.5 1.5 0.018
0.21 200000 69
s y yd sd y
y
s Rd y
r f m
d E m
| |
| |
= = = |
|
|
\ .
\ .
governing
1 1
0.27 0.6
1.5 0.6 1.5 0.6 0.018 210 1.0
dg
k
d k
= = = <
+ +
Punching strength without shear reinforcement
The punching shear strength of the concrete is not sufficient. Since the
strength seems to be rather close to the design load, a level III approximation
will be performed.
3
0
30
0.27 1031 210 10 211kN 263kN
1.5
ck
Rd v
c
f
V k b d
= = = <
Lips / Muttoni / Fernndez Ruiz / Ecole Polytechnique Fdrale de Lausanne, Switzerland 12
4 Level III of approximation (detailed design or assessment
of existing structure)
The Level III calculations are based on the results of the linear-elastic finite
element analysis.
From the results of the flexural analysis, one
can obtain the distance between the center of
the column and the point, at which the bending
moments are zero.
The average moment in the support strip can
be obtained by the integration of the moments
at the strip section.
Since the flexural moments m
d,x
and m
d,y
at the
support regions are negative, the absolute
value of the twisting moment m
d,x
need to be
subtracted so that the absolute value of m
sd,x
and m
sd,y
will be maximized.
, , , sd x d x d xy
m m m =
, , , sd y d y d xy
m m m =
,
0.64m
s x
r =
,
1.18m
s y
r =
, ,
1.5 1.5 0.64 1.18 1.30m
s s x s y
b r r = = =
,
3 3 0.26 0.78m
sr x c
b b = = =
,
0.26 1.30
0.78m
2 2 2 2
c s
sr y
b b
b = + = + =
,
24kNm/m
sd x
m =
,
43kNm/m
sd y
m = (average value on support strip)
, ,
2
0.64m 0.52m
3
s x sr x
r b = > =
, ,
2
1.18m 0.52m
3
s y sr y
r b = > =
1.5
1.5
,
,
0.64 435 24
1.2 1.2 0.0016
0.21 200000 69
yd s x sd
x
s Rd x
f r m
d E m
| |
| |
= = = |
|
|
\ .
\ .
1.5
1.5
,
,
1.18 435 43
1.2 1.2 0.0073
0.21 200000 69
s y yd
sd
y
s Rd y
r f
m
d E m
| |
| |
= = = |
|
|
\ .
\ .
governing
1 1
0.41 0.6
1.5 0.6 1.5 0.6 0.0073 210 1.0
dg
k
d k
= = = <
+ +
The punching shear strength of the concrete is sufficient. Thus, no shear
reinforcement will be necessary
3
0
30
0.41 1047 210 10 332kN 263kN
1.5
ck
Rd
c
f
V k b d
= = = >
Integrity reinforcement
Since no shear reinforcement has been used and m
sd
< m
Rd
, integrity
reinforcement needs to be provided to prevent a progressive collapse of the
structure.
For the design of the integrity reinforcement, the accidental load case can be
used. Thus the design load can be reduced.
( )
2
1.0(6.25 2) 0.6 3 10.1kN/m
d d
acc
g q + = + + =
( )
,
10.1
263 171kN
15.6
d d
acc
d acc d
d d
g q
V V
g q
+
= = =
+
( )
( )
3
, 2
2 2
1.5 1.5
171 10
2194mm
cos 0 cos
/ 1 435 1.08 1
1 1.25 1 1.25 0.05
d acc
s
yd t y
k
uk
V
A
f f f
o
c
= = =
| | | |
| |
|
+ +
\ .
\ .
2x320 + 316 A
s
= 2488 mm
2
(3 in each direction)
( ) ( ) 0.12 0.12 2 0.12 250 2 30 10 20 19mm 20mm
res top bottom
d h c | | = = = ~
rsy=1.18 m
my=0
x
msd,y [kNm/m]
bs,y
0
-32.9
-30.4
-54.7
-56.0
-51.9
-48.9
-36.8
-42.0
-53.8
y
msd,x [kNm/m]
bsr,x
-25.7
-34.1
-29.6
-17.4
-11.0
-11.8
-20.7
-35.1
-31.0
-17.3
2
-bsr,x
2
rsx=0.64 m
mx=0
Lips / Muttoni / Fernndez Ruiz / Ecole Polytechnique Fdrale de Lausanne, Switzerland 13
The material properties can be found in chapter 5 of model code 2010.
Ductility class B : (f
t
/f
y
)
k
= 1.08 and
uk
= 0.05
It is assumed that only straight bars will be used, thus = 0.
With respect to integrity reinforcement, two restrictions should be fulfilled:
-the integrity reinforcement should at least be composed of four bars
-the diameter of the integrity bars
int
has to be chosen such that
int
0.12d
res
Corners of walls should be checked following the same methodology.
Acknowledgements:
The authors are very appreciative of the contributions of Dr. Juan Sagaseta
Albajar and Luca Tassinari
The authors would also like to thank Carsten Siburg (RWTH Aachen,
Germany) for the independent check of the example he performed.
