GIS TUTORIAL 1
Lecture 1 Introduction to GIS
Outline
GIS overview
GIS data and layers
GIS applications and examples Software overview GIS tutorial 1 overview
GIS TUTORIAL 1 - Basic Workbook
Lecture 1
GIS OVERVIEW
What is GIS?
Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are computerized systems designed for the storage, retrieval and analysis of geographically referenced data
GIS uses advanced analytical tools to explore at a scientific level the spatial relationships, patterns, and processes of cultural, biological, demographic, economic, geographic, and physical phenomena
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Tools for GIS
Hardware
Computer Digitizer Scanner Printer/Plotter
Software
Desktop GIS Internet GIS CAD Software Database Software
Multimedia (photos, videos, 3D models)
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GIS TUTORIAL 1 - Basic Workbook
Unique capabilities of GIS
GIS stores related geographic features in separate collections of files called map layers
Map layers can be reused easily and assembled into any number of map compositions and overlaid for analysis
GIS TUTORIAL 1 - Basic Workbook
GIS answers the following
Location: What is at...? Where is it?
Condition: Status of features?
Trends: What has changed since...?
Patterns: What spatial patterns exist?
Modeling: What if?
GIS TUTORIAL 1 - Basic Workbook
Scale of GIS data
Global to local
GIS TUTORIAL 1 - Basic Workbook
Vector data
Map features
Points, lines, polygons
Feature attributes
Every feature has attributes (e.g. name, area, population)
Shape Name Class Pop2000 State
Point
Point Point
New York
Los Angeles Chicago
City
City City
8,008,278
3,694,820 2,896,016
NY
CA IL
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Raster Data
Stored electronic image or picture taken as an aerial photograph or satellite image
Composed of a rectangular array of
square cells, called pixels, with a number in each cell representing the solid color fill of that cell
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Lecture 1
GIS DATA AND LAYERS
GIS example
Identify polluting companies and their proximity to populations in poverty, water features, or schools. Start with
Databases Map layers
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Databases
Not easy to interpret
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Data shown as GIS layers
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Additional layers
Political features (municipalities)
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Additional layers
Physical features (lakes, rivers, etc.)
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Additional layers
Administrative data (schools)
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Maps and tables are interactive
Identify features
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Maps and tables are interactive
Select features
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Advanced GIS functions
Proximity selections
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Advanced GIS functions
Buffers
Select top polluting companies and show the number of schools within 2 miles of these companies.
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Lecture 1
GIS APPLICATIONS AND EXAMPLES
GIS applications
A/E/C Business Defense/intelligence Government
Civil engineering, surveying. Site location, delivery systems, marketing, media and press, real estate. Military operations, geospatial intelligence Federal, state, local, economic development, elections, urban and regional planning.
Health
Natural resources
Public health, health and human services, hospitals, managed care, research.
Agriculture, archaeology, climate change, conservation, environmental management, forestry, marine and coast, mining, petroleum, water resources. Computer-Aided Dispatch, emergency/disaster management, EMS, homeland security, law enforcement, fire protection, wildfire management Aviation, highways, logistics, railways, ports and maritime, public transit Electric, gas, pipeline, telecommunications, water/wastewater
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Public safety
Transportation Utilities/communications
GIS TUTORIAL 1 - Basic Workbook
GIS examples
Instructor should add examples specific to their industry or teaching here
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Lecture 1
SOFTWARE OVERVIEW
ArcMap (Desktop GIS)
Main menu Standard toolbar Map document window
Table of contents
Tools toolbar
Identify results window
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Map documents
(.mxd) extension Points to layers Saves layer colors, symbology, etc.
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Tutorial 1-1.mxd
Two layers
USCities (red points, restricted to major cities) USStates (yellow polygons)
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Adding map layers
Separate files added to a map document
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Geodatabases
The geodatabase is a "container" used to hold a collection of datasets (GIS features, tables, raster images, etc).
Country layer
World.gdb
Graticule layer
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ArcCatalog
Arranges and manages geographic information in workspace folders and geodatabases.
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ArcToolbox
Advanced tools with form-based input by users
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Lecture 1
GIS TUTORIAL 1 OVERVIEW
Part I Using and making maps
Chapter 1: Introduction
Learn the basics of working with existing GIS data and maps
Chapter 2: Map design
Learn how to create choropleth and point maps
Chapter 3: GIS outputs
Learn how to build and export maps using GIS data
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Part II Working with spatial data
Chapter 4: File geodatabases
Learn how to create geodatabases and import data into them
Chapter 5: Spatial data
Explores the basic data types used within GIS and then shows how to use the Internet to gather GIS data
Chapter 6: Digitizing
Learn how to digitize vector data and transform data to match real-world coordinates
Chapter 7: Geocoding
Learn how to map address data as points through the geocoding process
Chapter 8: Geoprocessing
Perform spatial analysis using geoprocessing tools
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Part III Learning advanced GIS applications
Chapter 9: Spatial analysis
Perform spatial analysis using geoprocessing tools and analysis workflow models
Chapter 10: ArcGIS 3D analyst
Introduces ArcGIS 3D Analyst, allowing users to create 3D scenes, conduct fly-through animations, and conduct line-of-sight studies
Chapter 11: ArcGIS spatial analyst
Introduces ArcGIS Spatial Analyst for creating and analyzing raster maps, including hillshades, density maps, site suitability surfaces, and risk index surfaces
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Chapter structure
Tutorials
Multiple tutorials in every chapter Include step-by step exercises
Your turns
Reinforce the skills learned in the step-by-step exercises
Advanced assignments
Found at the end of each chapter. Provokes critical problem-solving skills
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GIS tutorial data
Data
\ESRIPress\GIST1\Data\
Map layers, geodatabases, data tables, etc.
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GIS tutorial data
Maps
\ESRIPress\GIST1\Maps\ Map documents Starting place for tutorials
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GIS tutorial data
MyAssignments
\ESRIPress\GIST1\MyAssignments\ Location to save end of chapter assignments
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GIS tutorial data
MyExercises
\ESRIPress\GIST1\MyAssignments\
Location to save tutorial exercises Finished exercises are solutions to tutorial exercises
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Summary
GIS overview
GIS data and layers
GIS applications and examples Software overview GIS Tutorial 1 overview
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