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Solid MENSURATION
ROY D. TIPONES, PECE
Solid - polyhedrons
Is a solid whose faces are plane polygons. A regular polyhedron is a solid with all its faces identical regular polygons. There are only five regular polyhedrons, namely tetrahedron, hexahedron (cube), octahedron, dodecahedron and icosahedron. These solids are also known as Platonic solids in honor of Plato (427-348 BC)
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Common polyhedrons
Cube is a polyhedron with all six faces a square.
Rectangular parallelepiped is a polyhedron with all six faces a rectangle.
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Prisms
Is a polyhedron with two faces (bases) parallel and congruent and whose remaining faces (lateral faces) are parallelograms. Right prism is one which has its lateral faces perpendicular to the base.
Prisms
Oblique prism is one which has its lateral faces not perpendicular to the base. Truncated prism is a portion of a prism contained between the base and a plane that is not parallel to the base.
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Cylinder
Is a solid bounded by a closed cylindrical surface and two parallel planes.
Pyramids and Cones
Pyramid is a polyhedron of which one face, called the base, is a polygon of any number of sides and the other faces are triangles which have a common vertex. Cone is a solid bounded by a conical surface (lateral surface) whose directrix is a closed curve, and a plane (base) which cuts all the elements.
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Frustum
Frustum (of a pyramid/cone) is a portion of the pyramid/cone included between the base and a section parallel to the base.
Prismatoid
Is a polyhedron having for bases two polygons in parallel and for lateral faces triangles or trapezoids with one side lying in one base, and the opposite vertex or side lying in the other base of the polyhedron.
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Sphere
Is a solid bounded by a closed surface every point of which is equidistant from a point called center.
Sphere
Zone is the portion of the surface of a sphere included between two parallel planes.
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Sphere
Spherical Segment is a solid bounded by a zone and the planes of the zones base.
Sphere
Spherical Sector is a solid generated by rotating a sector of a circle about an axis which passes through the center of the circle but which contains no point inside the sector.
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Sphere
Spherical Pyramid is a pyramid formed by a portion of a surface of a sphere as base and whose elements are the edges from the vertices of the base to the center of the sphere.
Sphere
Spherical Wedge is a portion of a sphere bounded by two half great circles and an included arc.
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Torus
Torus is a solid formed by revolving a circle about a line not intersecting it.
Ellipsoid
Ellipsoid (Spheroid) is a solid formed by revolving an ellipse about its axis.
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Ellipsoid
Prolate Spheroid is a solid formed by revolving an ellipse about its major axis.
Oblate Spheroid is a solid formed by revolving an ellipse about its minor axis.
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