Solution to
Review Series (3/3)
REDG
If there are errors, I would be glad if you would let me know.
THE PROBLEM
Determine the current and voltage across each resistor in the circuit below. Each resistor has a resistance of 20 ohms. The circuit is connected to a 90 volt source.
SIMPLIFYING THE CIRCUIT
R3
R4 R9
R5
First thing--- redraw the circuit so that it appears less complex.
Notice that R3, R4 and R5 are connected in series but just bent midway between each resistor. That series connection makes parallel with R9. The equivalent circuit of that section is reflected on the right.
SIMPLIFYING THE CIRCUIT
R2
R3
R4 R9
R5 R6
or
R3
R2
R4 R9
R5 R6
Consider R2 and R6, they can be straighten and align with R9 , the resulting circuit reveals that they are in series with that circuit on the red dotted box. The equivalent circuit for that six resistors is the one on the right. It is less confusing if we use the first illustration.
SIMPLIFYING THE CIRCUIT
R2
R3
R4 R9 R8
R5 R6
This time, look at R8, it is clear that it is connected in parallel with the previous circuit. Therefore, redrawing the whole things gives you the equivalent circuit on the right?
SIMPLIFYING THE CIRCUIT
R2 R1
R3
R4 R9 R8
R5 R6 R8
What about R1 and R7? Isnt it that they are connected in series with the preceding circuit? (Just like how R2 and R6 are connected with their preceding circuit.) The one on the right is the equivalent circuit of the whole circuit.
SIMPLIFYING THE CIRCUIT
R3
R2 R1 R9 R8
R4
R5 R6 R8
When the battery is attached, we get the equivalent circuit.
EXTRACT INFORMATION
R2 R1
R3
R4 R9 R8
R5 R6 R7
Facts to remember: In series, the current on each load are equal.
In parallel, the voltage across each branch are equal.
Information that can be derived from the circuit:
Information
Reason/explanation
They are arranged in series They are arranged in series
Information
Reason/explanation The current in parallel is the sum of all branches. The current in parallel is the sum of all branches.
I3=I4=I5 I2=I6 I1=I7=IT
I1=I8+ any of I2 or I6 I2=I9+ any of I3 or I4 or I5
They are arranged in series
EQUIVALENT RESISTANCE
R2
R3
R4 R9 R8
R5 R6 R7
The equivalent resistance of the section that is in red.
R 3,4,5 = 20 + 20 + 20 = 60
R1
R2 R1
60 R9 R8
R6 R7
Now we can simplify the illustration like the one on the side
EQUIVALENT RESISTANCE The 60- equivalent resistance is in parallel with R9, hence
1 R 60 ,9 = = 1 1 + 60 R 9
R1
R2
60 R9 R8
R6 R7
R 60 ,9
1 1 + 60 20 4 1 60 15 =15
R2
R6 15 R7 R8
R1
Now we can simplify the illustration like the one on the side
EQUIVALENT RESISTANCE The 15- equivalent resistance is in series with R2 and R6, hence
R 2,..6 = R 2 + 15 + R 6 = 20 + 15 + 20 = 55
R1
R2 15
R6 R7 R8
R1
55
R8
R7
Now we can simplify the illustration like the one on the side
EQUIVALENT RESISTANCE The 55- equivalent resistance is in parallel with R8 ,hence
1 R 55, 8 = = 1 1 + 55 R 6
R1
55
R7 R8
R 55, 8
1 1 + 55 20 4 11 + 220 220 220 14.67 15
R1
R7
14.67
Now we can simplify the illustration like the one on the side
EQUIVALENT RESISTANCE The 14.67- equivalent resistance is in series with R1 and R7 ,hence
R 2,..6 = R1 + 14.67 + R 7 = 20 + 14.67 + 20 = 54.67
R1
R7
14.67
Finally, we can represent the previously complex circuit to its simplest form
54.67
CURRENT AND VOLTAGE Consider a 54.67- resistor impressed with a 90-V source. The current can be so easily calculated.
I= V R 90 = 54.67 1.65A
I= 1.65A V=33V
R1
I= 1.65A V=90V 54.67
Suppose the resistance is split into 3 not necessarily equal portions like this. Take note, because they are in series, they have equal current but not voltage.
V=IR
I= 1.65A V=24V 14.67
I= 1.65A V=33V
R7
CURRENT AND VOLTAGE If the 14.67- resistor breaks into two branches, then the voltage across each branch is 24V. Current can easily be computed.
I= V R
I= 1.65A V=33V
R1
I= 1.65A V=24V
I= 1.65A V=33V
R7
14.67
I= 0.44A V=24V
R1
55
R7 R8
I= 1.2 A V=24V
CURRENT AND VOLTAGE If the 55- resistor is split into 3 not necessarily equal resistors, then the current of each resistor is equal to the current when they are combined. But their individual voltage can be easily calculated.
R1
I= 0.44A V=24V
55
R7 R8
I= 1.2 A V=24V
I= 0.44A V=8.8V
R2 R1
I= 0.44A V=6.6V
15
I= 0.44A V=8.8V
R6
R7
R8
CURRENT AND VOLTAGE If the 15- resistor is split into 2 branches, then the voltage of each branch must be 6.6V and the current of each can easily be derived.
R1
I= 0.44A V=8.8V
R2
I= 0.44A V=6.6V
15
I= 0.44A V=8.8V
R6
R7
R8
R2 R1
I= 0.11A V=6.6V 60 R6
R9
R8
I= 0.33A V=6.6V
R7
CURRENT AND VOLTAGE If the 60- resistor splits into 3 equal resistors, then each resistor will have the same current as when they are not split (0.11A) and divide the voltage equally (2.2V).
R1
R2
I= 0.11A V=6.6V 60 R6
R9 R8
I= 0.33A V=6.6V
R7
I= 0.11A I= 0.11A I= 0.11A V=2.2V V=2.2V V=2.2V
R3 R4 R9 R8 R5
R2
R1
R6
R7
CURRENT AND VOLTAGE To summarize, we get this
R R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 R7 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 V 33 8.8 2.2 2.2 2.2 8.8 33 I 1.65 0.44 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.44 1.65
R1
R3 R2
R4 R9 R8
R5 R6 R7
One way to check if you are doing right
Its time to go back to the information we get earlier. Check if we have correct values.
I3=I4=I5 I2=I6
R8
R9
20
20
24
6.6
1.20
0.33
I1=I7=IT
I1=I8+ any of I2 or I6 I2=I9+ any of I3 or I4 or I5
