KARPAGAM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
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COIMBATORE 32 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING 10E010 BIOMEDICAL INSTR MENTATION 2 MARK ! ESTIONS "IT# ANS"ERS NIT$I% INTROD CTION
1& "'(t )s m*(nt +, -*../ The basic living unit of the body is cell. The function of organs and other structure of the body is understood by cell organization. 2& G)0* t'* (++1*0)(t)on 2o1m 2o1 RNA3 DNA/ RNA Ribo Nucleic Acid DNADe- Oxy Nucleic Acid 3& "'(t (1* 1*st)n4 (n5 (-t)on 6ot*nt)(. 7 +)o *.*-t1)- 6ot*nt)(./ The e brane !otential caused by the different concentration of ions is called resting e brane !er eability to sodiu ions e brane during excitation is onitoring signals !otential. "t is caused by very ra!id change of
follo#ed by recovery !eriod. The !ositive !otential of the cell
called action !otential. $ertain syste s of the body generate their o#n !otentials and are related to nerve conduction& brain activity& heart beat etc. '. "'(t )s m*(nt +, R*st)n4 Pot*nt)(./ ()uilibriu is reached #ith a !otential difference across the
conveying useful infor ation about the functions they re!resent. %uch signals are bio electric
e brane such that negative on
inside and !ositive on outside. This of irons is called Resting *otential.
e brane !otential caused by the different concentration
8& "'(t )s m*(nt +, A-t)on Pot*nt)(./ $ell has a slightly !ositive !otential on the inside due to i balance of !otassiu !ositive !otential of the cell about +, -. ions. This e brane during excitation is called Action *otential and is
9& G)0* (n, : 2(-to1s to +* -ons)5*1*5 ;'*n ;* 5*s)4n (n, m*5)-(. Inst1um*nt/ Accuracy& .re)uency Res!onse& /inearity& %0N ratio& %tability& sensitivity
<& "'(t )s E.*-t1o5* Pot*nt)(./ The voltage develo!ed at an electrode-electrolyte interface is 1no#n as (lectrode *otential. =& "'(t )s t'* 6u16os* o2 *.*-t1o5* 6(st*/ The electrode !aste decreases the i !edence of the contact the artifacts resulting fro ove ent of the electrode or !atient. >& G)0* t'* 5)22*1*nt t,6*s o2 *.*-t1o5*s/ 2icroelectrodes De!th and needle electrodes and %urface electrodes 10& G)0* t'* 5)22*1*nt t,6*s o2 Su12(-* *.*-t1o5*s/ 2etal *late electrodes %uction cu! electrodes Adhesive ta!e electrodes 2ulti !oint electrodes .loating electrodes 11& "'(t )s E.*-t1o-(15)o41(6',/ "t deals #ith the study of the electrical activity of the heart in the individual fibers of heart uscles. The !otential originated the
uscle are added to !roduce the ($3 #avefor .
12& "'(t (1* t'* 5)22*1*nt t,6*s o2 ECG .*(5 -on2)4u1(t)on/ 4i!olar li b leads
Aug ented uni!olar li b leads $hest leads .ran1 lead syste
13& D*2)n* E)nt'o0*n t1)(n4.* The closed !ath RA to /A to // and bac1 to RA is called (inthoven triangle. According to (inthoven& in a frontal !lane of the body& the cardiac electric field vector is a t#o di ensional !lane. 1:& "'(t (1* t'* )m6o1t(nt 6(1ts o2 ECG 1*-o15*1/ *atient cable and defibrillator !rotection circuit /ead selector s#itch $alibrator 4io a !lifier Auxiliary a !lifier isolated !o#er su!!ly Out!ut unit *o#er s#itch 18& "'(t )s ( D*2)+1)..(to1/ A defibrillator is an electronic device that creates a sustained yocardial de!olarization of a
!atient s heart in order to sto! ventricular fibrillation or artial fibrillation. 19& D*2)n* *.*-t1o5* Devices that convert ionic !otentials into electronic !otentials are called electrodes. There are three ty!es of electrodes.
1<. "'(t )s t'* -o.o1 -o5)n4 o2 t'* 5)22*1*nt)(. .*(5s/ 5hite RA 4lac1 /A 3reen - R/ Red - // 4ro#n chest 1=& N(m* t'* 6(1ts o2 '*(1t -on5u-t)on s,st*m/ %ino arterial node Atria ventricular node 4undle of his *ur1in6e fibers
1>& "'(t )s s)4n(. -on5)t)on)n4/ The !erfor ing of non-linear !rocesses li1e conditioning.
20& "'(t )s t'* 6u16os* o2 *.*-t1o5* 6(st*/ The electrode !aste decreases the i !edance of the contact the artifacts resulting fro ove ent of the electrode or !atient. the
odulation& detection& sa !ling& filtering& is called signal
cho!!ing and cli!!ing etc. on the signal to bring it to desired for
