Outline

• Motivation
• Fuzzy Sets Basic Concepts
– Characteristic Function (Membership Function)
– Examples
– Notation
– Semantics and Interpretations
– Related crips sets
» Support, Bandwidth, Core, α-level cut
» Decomposition Theorem
– Features, Properties, and More Definitions
» Convexity, Normality, Fuzzy Singletons
» Cardinality, Measure of Fuzziness, First Moment
» MF parametric formulation
– Fuzzy Logic Operations
» Intersection, Union, Complementation
» Numerical Examples
» T-norms and T-conorms
Copyright 1998, Dr. Piero P. Bonissone, All Rights Reserved
 Membership Function (MF) Formulation
 x −a c−x 
Triangular MF: trim f ( x ; a , b , c ) = max  min  ,  , 0
 b −a c −b 

 x −a d − x 
Trapezoidal MF: trapm f ( x ; a , b , c , d ) = m ax  m in  ,1,  , 0
 b −a d −c 

2
1  x −c 
−  
2 σ 
Gaussian MF: gaussm f ( x ; a , b , c ) = e

1
gbellm f ( x ; a , b , c ) =
Generalized bell MF: x −c
2b

1+
b

9/1/99 2
 MF Formulation

disp_mf.m
9/1/99 3
 MF Formulation

1
Sigmoidal MF: sigm f ( x ; a , b , c ) =
1 + e −a( x −c )

Extensions:

Abs. difference
of two sig. MF

Product
of two sig. MF

disp_sig.m
9/1/99 4
 MF Formulation

 c − x
L-R MF:  L 
F  ,x < c
 α 
L R ( x ; c ,α , β ) = 
 F  x − c  , x ≥ c
 R  β 

Example: FL ( x ) = max( 0 , 1 − x 2 ) FR ( x ) = exp( − x )

3

c=65 c=25
a=60 a=10
b=10 b=40

difflr.m
9/1/99 5
 Cylindrical Extension

Base set A Cylindrical Ext. of A

cyl_ext.m

9/1/99 6
 2D MF Projection

Two-dimensional Projection Projection

MF onto X onto Y

µ R ( x, y ) µ A( x) = µB( y) =
project.m max µ R ( x, y ) max µ R ( x , y )
y x
9/1/99 7
 2D MFs

2dmf.m
9/1/99 8
 Outline
• Motivation
• Fuzzy Sets Basic Concepts
– Characteristic Function (Membership Function)
– Examples
– Notation
– Semantics and Interpretations
– Related crips sets
» Support, Bandwidth, Core, α-level cut
» Decomposition Theorem
– Features, Properties, and More Definitions
» Convexity, Normality, Fuzzy Singletons
» Cardinality, Measure of Fuzziness, First Moment
– Fuzzy Logic Operations
» Intersection, Union, Complementation
» Numerical Examples
» T-norms and T-conorms
Copyright 1998, Dr. Piero P. Bonissone, All Rights Reserved
 Intersection of Fuzzy Sets

A B
1

(A ∩ B) (x) = min ( A(x), B(x) )

Copyright 1995, Dr. Enrique H. Ruspini, All Rights Reserved - used with author’s permission
 Intersection of Fuzzy Sets

A
1

(A ∩ B) (x) = min ( A(x), B(x) )

Copyright 1995, Dr. Enrique H. Ruspini, All Rights Reserved - used with author’s permission
 Union of Fuzzy Sets

A B
1

(A ∪ B) (x) = max ( A(x), B(x) )

Copyright 1995, Dr. Enrique H. Ruspini, All Rights Reserved - used with author’s permission
 Complement of a Fuzzy Set

bb

¬ A(x) A(x) ¬ A(x)

1

A (x) ≡ ¬ A(x) = 1 - A(x)

Copyright 1995, Dr. Enrique H. Ruspini, All Rights Reserved - used with author’s permission
 Fuzzy Set Operations
A(x) B(x)
1

0
X
Intersection 1
(A ∩ B)(x)

0
X
Union 1
(A ∪ B)(x)

0
X
Complementation 1
A(x)
0
X
Copyright 1998, Dr. Piero P. Bonissone, All Rights Reserved
Fuzzy Set Operations
• Zadeh’s Original Definitions

Intersection: (A ∩ B)(x) = min [A(x), B(x)]

Union: (A ∪ B)(x) = max [A(x), B(x)]

Complementation A(x) = 1 - A(x)

• Other Definitions

Intersection: (A ∩ B)(x) = T-norm [A(x), B(x)]

Union: (A ∪ B)(x) = T-Conorm [A(x), B(x)]

• Isomorphisms between fuzzy sets, algebra, and logics.

• Original definitions form a Brouwerian lattice:
{Boolean ring properties} but not {excluded middle, law of non-contradiction}
• Beside (min, max ) no other pair (T-norms, T-conorm) satisfies distributivity
Copyright 1998, Dr. Piero P. Bonissone, All Rights Reserved
 Fuzzy Set Inclusion

bb

B
A

A(x) ≤ B(x)

Copyright 1995, Dr. Enrique H. Ruspini, All Rights Reserved - used with author’s permission
 Degree of Inclusion

1 1
A
B

0 0

(A→B)(x) = max [ 1-A(x), B(x) ]

Copyright 1995, Dr. Enrique H. Ruspini, All Rights Reserved - used with author’s permission