DISCUSSION OF BASIC HTML TAGS
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What is HTML?
Hyper Text Markup Language Language used to design a layout To specify hyperlinks A document may contain- text, images, etc. HTML is not case sensitive HTML programming is done through notepad or any text editor The file is saved as .htm or .html
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What HTML is made up of ?
TAGS ATTRIBUTES All HTML TAGS are contained in angle brackets < > Eg. <HEAD> , <H1>, <TABLE>,<FONT> TAG is a coded HTML command to display a part of a webpage. Attribute is a special word used inside a TAG to specify additional information to TAG such as color, alignment etc HTML tags come in pairs
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HTML Document Structure
Every HTML document has the following structure:
<HTML> <HEAD> <TITLE> Title of page is written here</TITLE> </HEAD> <BODY> Html TAGS which define the page </BODY> </HTML>
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TAGS
<HTML>.</HTML> IDENTIFIES THE AS AN HTML DOCUMENT. HTML DOCUMENT BEGINS WITH <HTML> AND ENDS WITH </HTML>
<HEAD>.</HEAD> CONTAINS THE INFORMATION OF DOCUMENT
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TAGS
<TITLE>.</TITLE> CONTAINS THE DOCUMENT TITLE WHICH IS DISPLAYED IN THE BROWSERS TITLE BAR
<BODY>.</BODY> CONTAINS ALL TAGS,ATTRIBUTES & INFORMATION TO BE DISPLAYED IN THE WEB PAGE. <BODY> TAG IS ENTERED BELOW THE CLOSING </HEAD> TAG AND ABOVE THE CLOSING OF <HTML> TAG
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HTML writing tools
Need a text editor Notepad, frontpage, etc.
Viewing HTML HTML document can be viewed in a browser like IE, Firefox, Opera, Safari etc.
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Container Elements
These require starting and ending tags. These are paired tags. Eg: <HTML></HTML> , <HEAD></HEAD> , <TITLE></TITLE> Empty Elements These require starting tag. Eg: <BR>, <HR>, <IMG>, <LINK>
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HEADINGS
Six levels of headings are available.
<H1 ...> text </H1> -- largest of the six <H2 ...> text </H2> <H3 ...> text </H3> <H4 ...> text </H4> <H5 ...> text </H5> <H6 ...> text </H6> -- smallest of the six
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PARAGRAPH
<P> defines a paragraph Add ALIGN="position" (left, center, right) But </P> is optional PARAGRAPH ALIGNMENTS < P ALIGN=LEFT> </P> LINE BREAKS <BR> CENTRE TAG <CENTER></CENTER>
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Text Formatting Tags
<FONT COLOR="red" SIZE="2" FACE="Times Roman"> This is the text of line one </FONT> <FONT COLOR="green" SIZE="4" FACE="Arial"> Line two contains this text </FONT> <FONT COLOR="blue" SIZE="6" FACE="Courier" The third line has this additional text </FONT>
<BLOCKQUOTE> Defines a long quotation </BLOCKQUOTE>
To display a horizontal line:
<HR SIZE=4 WIDTH=50%> <HR SIZE=4 NOSHADE>
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<PRE> Preformatted Text
<PRE> Defines preformatted text It preserves both spaces and line breaks <PRE> if (a < b) { a++; b = c * d; } else { a--; b = (b-1)/2; } </PRE>
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LISTS
Ordered Lists: List of items are marked with numbers An ordered lists start with the <OL> tag Each list item start with the <LI> tag
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LISTS
Ordered Lists:
<OL TYPE="1"> <LI> Item one </LI> <LI> Item two </LI> <OL TYPE="I" > <LI> Sublist item one </LI> <LI> Sublist item two </LI> <OL TYPE="i"> <LI> Sub-sublist item one </LI> <LI> Sub-sublist item two </LI> </OL> </OL> </OL>
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LISTS
UnOrdered Lists: List of items are marked with bullets An ordered lists start with the <UL> tag Each list item start with the <LI> tag Type Attribute can have the value: TYPE= CIRCLE TYPE=SQUARE TYPE=DISC
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LISTS
Unordered Lists:
<UL TYPE="disc"> <LI> One </LI> <LI> Two </LI> <UL TYPE="circle"> <LI> Three </LI> <LI> Four </LI> <UL TYPE="square"> <LI> Five </LI> <LI> Six </LI> </UL> </UL> </UL>
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LISTS
Definition Lists: List of terms and Explanation of terms Definition lists start with the <DL> tag Definition list term starts with <DT> tag Each definition list definition starts with <DD> tag
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LISTS
Definition Lists: <DL> <DT> Coffee </DT> <DD> Black Hot Drink </DD> <DT> Milk </DT> <DD> White Cold Drink </DD> </DL>
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Formatting tags
<B>Bold</B><BR> <I>Italic</I><BR> <U>Underlined</U><BR> Subscripts: f<SUB>0</SUB> + f<SUB>1</SUB><BR> Superscripts: x<SUP>2</SUP> + y<SUP>2</SUP><BR> <STRIKE>Strike Through</STRIKE><BR> <B><I>Bold Italic</I></B><BR> <FONT COLOR="GRAY">Gray</FONT><BR>
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Images
To display image in a document use <IMG> tag To display image we need SRC attribute (source) Value of SRC attribute is the URL of the image ALT attribute define an alternate text for an image(if the browser cant load images) WIDTH, HEIGHT may be in units of pixels or percentage of page or frame
WIDTH="357" HEIGHT="50% Example: <img src="dolphin.jpg" align="left" width="150" height="150" alt="dolphin dead!">
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<A> Anchors (HyperLinks)
Link to an absolute URL: If you get spam, contact <A HREF="htttp://www.microsoft.com"> Microsoft </A> to report the problem. Link to a relative URL: See these <A HREF="#references"> references </A> concerning our fine products. Link to a section within a URL: Amazon provided a <A HREF="www.amazon.com/#reference"> reference for our company. </A>
Naming a Section <H2> <A NAME="#references"> Our References </A> </H2>
URL (Uniform Resource Locator) is used to address a document on World Wide Web.
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HYPERLINKS
<BODY> <H3>Welcome to <A HREF="http://www.manipal.edu"> <STRONG>Manipal Institute of Technology</STRONG></A> </H3> </BODY>
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Tables
<TABLE> table tag <CAPTION> optional table title <TR> table row <TH> table column header <TD> table data element
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Tables
<TABLE BORDER=1> <CAPTION>Table Caption</CAPTION> <TR><TH>Heading1</TH> <TH>Heading2</TH></TR> <TR><TD>Row1 Col1 Data</TD><TD>Row1 Col2 Data</TD></TR> <TR><TD>Row2 Col1 Data</TD><TD>Row2 Col2 Data</TD></TR> <TR><TD>Row3 Col1 Data</TD><TD>Row3 Col2 Data</TD></TR> </TABLE>
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<TABLE> Element Attributes
ALIGN=position -- left, center, right for table BORDER=number -- width in pixels of border (including any cell spacing, default 0) CELLSPACING=number -- spacing in pixels between cells, default about 3 CELLPADDING=number -- space in pixels between cell border and table element, default about 1 WIDTH=number[%]-- width in pixels or percentage of page/frame width BGCOLOR=color -- background color of table, also valid for <TR>, <TH>, and <TD>
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TABLES
cellspacing=10
cellpadding=10
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<TR> Table Row Attributes
Valid for the table row: ALIGN -- left, center, right VALIGN -- top, middle, bottom BGCOLOR -- background color
<TABLE ALIGN="center" WIDTH="300" HEIGHT="200"> <TR ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top" BGCOLOR="red"><TD>One</TD><TD>Two</TD> <TR ALIGN="center" VALIGN="middle" BGCOLOR="lightblue"><TD>Three</TD><TD>Four</TD> <TR ALIGN="right" VALIGN="bottom" BGCOLOR="yellow"><TD>Five</TD><TD>Six</TD> </TABLE>
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<TD> Table Cell Attributes
Valid for the table cell: colspan -- how many columns this cell occupies rowspan how many rows this cell occupies
<TABLE ALIGN="center" WIDTH="300" HEIGHT="200" border="1"> <TR> <TD colspan="1" rowspan="2">a</TD> <TD colspan="1" rowspan="1">b</TD> </TR> <TR> <TD colspan="1" rowspan="1">c</TD> </TR> </TABLE>
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Frames
Frames help control navigation and display <FRAME> attributes include
FRAMEBORDER yes or 1 for borders FRAMESPACING width of border BORDERCOLOR color SRC location of HTML to display in frame NAME destination for TARGET attribute MARGINWIDTH left/right margins MARGINHEIGHT top/bottom margins SCROLLING yes or 1 adds scroll bar NORESIZE yes or 1 disables resizing
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Frames
<FRAMESET ROWS="75%,25%"> <FRAMESET COLS="*,*,*"> <FRAME SRC="http://www.google.co.in"> <FRAME SRC="http:// www.google.co.in "> <FRAME SRC="http:// www.google.co.in "> </FRAMESET> <FRAMESET COLS="*,*"> <FRAME SRC="http:// www.google.co.in "> <FRAME SRC="http:// www.google.co.in "> </FRAMESET> </FRAMESET>
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FORMS
Used to select different kind of user input. Forms is an area that contain form elements Form elements are elements that allow to enter information in a form Defined by < FORM> tag Action attribute defines the name of the file to which the contents are sent
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FORMS
INPUT Tag: Type of input is specified with TYPE attribute.
Text Fields: Used when we want to type numbers or text. <input type=text name=first name>
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FORMS
Radio Buttons: Used when we want user to select one of a limited number of choices. Check Boxes: Used when we want user to select one or more options of a limited number of choices. Submit Button: When user clicks on submit button, the content of the form is send to the server.
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FORMS
<HTML> <HEAD> </HEAD> <BODY> <FORM> First name: <input type="text" name="firstname" /><br> Last name: <input type="text" name="lastname" /><br> Password: <input type="password" name="pwd" /><br> <input type="radio" name=gender" value="male" /> Male<br> <input type="radio" name=gender" value="female" /> Female<br> <input type="checkbox" name="vehicle" value="Car" /> I have <br>a car <br> Username: <input type="text" name="user" /> <input type="submit" value="Submit" /></FORM> </BODY> </HTML>
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FORMS
<TEXTAREA rows=10 cols=30> Deifnes a text area </TEXTAREA> <SELECT> Defines a selectable list of items. <SELECT name=cars> <OPTION value=alto> ALTO </option> <OPTION value=santro> SANTRO </option> </SELECT>
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END OF LECTURE
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