May 14, 2004

Dr. Bruce Eisenstein

Arthur J. Rowland, Professor
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Drexel University
Main Building
Curtis 3-156
Philadelphia, PA 19104

Dr. Eisenstein,

After more than sixteen weeks of work, we are pleased to submit our final report, Giving
Vehicles Brains: Intelligent Vehicle Identification. In our project we attempt to solve the
problem of intelligent vehicle identification for a variety of applications, including identifying
vehicles that have been involved in accidents as well as paying for parking fees and tolls. We
value the last year’s working with you and appreciate your time, effort, and support.

Sincerely,

Members of Freshman Design Team # 3

Tyler Hinkle Bhavesh Joshi

Samuel Blair Anjuli Gupta

Matthew Batdorf

1
 A FINAL REPORT

DESIGN TEAM NO. ___3____

SUBMITTED TO _________________________________________

AND THE
TDEC 131 PROJECT DESIGN FACULTY OF DREXEL UNIVERSITY

ENTITLED: _______Giving Vehicles Brains:_________

____Intelligent Vehicle Identification____

TEAM MEMBERS/HUM SECTION/INSTRUCTOR

________Tyler Hinkle__________ 025-Finegan
________Samuel Blair__________ 002-Fox
________Matthew Batdorf______ 009-McCann
________Bhavesh Joshi_________ 026-Qualtieri
________Anjuli Gupta__________ 003-Qualtieri

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for

Engineering Design and Laboratory, TDEC 131, Design Project

Submitted on Friday May 14, 2004

Humanities Advisors: Robert Finegan

Christine Qualtieri
Technical Advisor: Dr. Bruce Eisenstein

Table of Contents

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I. Abstract……………………………………………………………….. Page i
II. Executive Summary……………………………………………………. Page ii
III. Problem Statement………………………………….…………..……… Page 1
IV. Introduction/Background……………...……………………...………... Page 1
A. Research Results……………………………………….. Page 1
B. Current Solutions………………………………………. Page 2
C. Survey of Literature……………………………………. Page 2
V. Design……………….…………………………………………………. Page 3
A. Criteria…………………………………………………. Page 3
B. Alternatives…………………………………………….. Page 3
C. Constraints……………………………………………… Page 5
VI. Statement of Work/ Solution……………………………..….………… Page 7
VII. Qualifications…………………………………………………………... Page 8
VIII. Budget………………………………...……………….……………….. Page 9
IX. Schedule…………………………………………………….…………. Page 9
X. Summary………………………………………………………………. Page 10
XI. Future Work…………………..………………………………………. Page 10
XII. References……………………………………………..………………. Page 11
XIII. Acknowledgments…………………….………………………………. Page 12
XIV. Appendices………..…………………………….…………….……….. Page 13
A. Resumés………………………………………………... Page 13
B. EZpass Diagram………………………………………... Page 18
C. Schedule…………………………………………….….. Page 19
D. Market Segmentation……………………………….….. Page 20

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I. Abstract

Intelligent Vehicle Identification needs to be solved with the installation of an Application

Specific Integrated-Circuit electronic device within the dashboards of vehicles. The device will
be equipped with a Smart Card system and a Radio Frequency Identification transponder. The
device detects accidents using proximity detectors as well as sonic and seismic sensors. In the
event of an accident, the secure contact-free Smart Card will release vehicle information to the
RFID and transfer it to other involved vehicles equipped with the system. The signal can be
detected from up to five meters distant and then extracted by law enforcement personnel. The
device can also be used for paying tolls and parking fees using a passive/active system activated
by radio waves at a frequency of 30 KHz to 650 KHz similar to EZPass.

4
II. Executive Summary

According to the United States Department of Highway Safety, more than 712,000 hit-and-run
accidents between vehicles occur each year within the United States, resulting in more than
seven billion dollars damage. This damage must be paid by the victims, who are not at fault for
such accidents. If drivers are more strictly held accountable for their driving habits, not only will
one realize a reduction in the number of blameless drivers paying for accident damage, one will
also discover an increased safety on the roads and a marked decrease in insurance rates. The
roads will prove safer due to all drivers knowing that irresponsible driving will not be
overlooked. Insurance rates will decrease for “good” drivers since they will not have to pay for
others’ damages any longer.

Our device addresses intelligent vehicle identification for a variety of applications. Authorized
personnel will be able to identify vehicles involved in accidents and exchange owner
information. One will also be able to use this device to quickly and more easily pay parking fees
and tolls. No driver will need to carry spare change to pay tolls at booths or “feed” parking
meters again. In the future, one may be able to utilize this device to pay for gas, pay for
convenience store merchandise, or even record vehicle history. One will be able to know what
work has been done to a car and if all required recall work has been performed.

The cost of implementation will be on a one-time-only basis and drivers will absorb the small
individual cost. The seven billion dollars of not-at-fault driver payments that will be avoided by
the system will easily pay for the implementation costs within two years. With this device, the
roads will prove safer for years to come by enforcing a driver’s responsibility for his actions on
the road.

5
III. Problem Statement
Automobiles assuredly are not flawless in design. Only some “luxury” vehicles
have been equipped with the necessary options to completely satisfy contemporary consumer
needs for safety and satisfaction. Drivers today may already enjoy seats comparable to the
comfort of their living rooms, sound systems that equal the sound quality of home systems, or
navigational systems that can relay their driving positions or provide driving directions, but
sadly, few options exist for one to intelligently identify vehicles. One can use an intelligent
vehicle identification system for a variety of purposes. Such a system may identify vehicles
involved in accidents as well as solve the need for options to pay highway and bridge tolls and
parking fees without one’s physically stopping vehicles at various booths or meters and paying
cash. This antiquated process inevitably slows traffic and frequently causes accident-prone
traffic congestion. A single apparatus needs to be developed that will successfully and
effectively address these issues.

This apparatus must further have the capability of recording vehicle and owner
information as most people, when involved in accidents, prove emotional or otherwise incapable
of noting such necessary data; such an apparatus must further feature an indwelling transmitter
and receiver to allow for successful communication among vehicles. This ideal apparatus must
also need to include a way for drivers to pay tolls similar to the EZpass system, while
simultaneously providing the driver a means of paying parking garages and meter fees. Such a
system will provide vital added consumer safety and a heightened sense of accountability for
one’s actions.

IV. Introduction/Background
A. Research Results
The Institute of Highway Safety has reported more than 712,000 accidents in the United
States in which the victims have been left without
compensation, a notorious lack resulting in a cost of more than
seven billion dollars to consumers and insurance companies
(Elert 34-40). According to the United States Department of
Transportation, people in this country drive more than 225
million vehicles on the roads. In 2002, more than fifty-five
million travelers used the highly touted, yet not failsafe method
Victim of a hit-and-run of EZpass in the Pennsylvania, New York, and New Jersey

6
transportation systems (PANYNJ). This sum, based on a total of over one hundred million trips,
means that EZpass held a 54 % market share. The Pennsylvania Department of Transportation
has reported that more than fifteen hundred EZpass tags are issued to patrons every month. Of
those fifteen hundred patrons issued those EZpasses, 73 % of the patrons report using EZpass to
save time and 20 % report using the system to avoid using cash to pay fees or tolls. Of the
fifteen hundred patrons using the EZpasses, 55 % of those patrons would prefer to have more
accessibility to their accounts through the Internet. EZpass-related accidents account for only
5% or fewer of the accidents on EZpass-equipped roadways (“E-ZPASS” n.pag.). Today, EZpass
is a strictly voluntary system and its use varies from state to state. See Appendix B for more
information on how today’s EZpass has been designed.
B. Current Solutions
Today, the problem of hit-and-run accidents relies on two options: either possibly
unreliable witnesses willing to testify or provide evidence as to what they have observed or
products like the Digital Eyewitness. The Digital Eyewitness is a small video camera that has
been carefully positioned on the bumper pointed straight ahead. The camera records on a three-
minute loop, so the moment a driver sees a traffic violation, he can press a “Save” button to
record the next three minutes to disk. Some serious faults, however, lie within this design. In
order for the system to work, the driver must have his car started and running, the driver has to
activate the system, and the camera only records video directly in front of the car (“Cost” 77-78).
These operating strictures means that the car is vulnerable when it is off, the driver has to look
out for infractions, and areas surrounding the car are defenseless.
The ease of the automatic toll payment has already been addressed for the 54 % of drivers
utilizing highways in the PANYNJ EZpass system. However, currently, parking meters and
garages are based on cash or permit cards only. Drivers have to bring their cars to a stop and
physically pay cash and collect tickets in order to park. This procedure takes time, may cause
congestion, and may definitely prove inconvenient for drivers who do not have the requisite cash
or change on hand.
C. Survey of Literature
The information and resources that our group has used have been researched in a variety
of locations, including the Internet, the library, engineering databases, and the Baiada Center.
The Internet has yielded up-to-date statistics from credible sources, such as the National
Highway Safety Board. The library has yielded books on upcoming technology, such as Security
Technology, sources that have helped address the concerns of technological safety as well as the
7
possibilities of 802.11 wireless transmission. Online engineering databases, such as
ENGnetBASE, prove useful in our finding publications and articles that are current and credible
with our technological concerns. We also met with Nitin J. Khanna, BSCE, MCSE, CCNP,
CWNA, CNE of Webergize Wireless, LLC at the Baiada center. Khanna is an expert on Smart
Card technology and was gracious enough to fit us into his busy schedule. He provided valuable
insight on his experiences as project coordinator in outfitting all the parking meters in
Philadelphia with Smart Card systems. Dr. Bruce Eisenstein has proved a valuable resource as
the technical advisor leading us to expand our idea and helping to
shape it into a successful project. See References Section for more
information on sources.
V. Design
A. Criteria
We recommend that every vehicle used in this country
should automatically be equipped with the device under government
regulation. The device should comply with FCC Standards, 802.11
wireless transmission standards, as well as all other existing systems Smart Card chip

and environments. The driver should only incur a one-time cost to retrofit his/her vehicle. The
installation of and use of this device should reduce the number of hit-and-run accidents between
vehicles by holding drivers accountable for their driving habits.
B. Alternatives
We propose a Smart Card system to be installed in the dashboard of every vehicle. This
system will offer a multitude of applications. The simplest application will involve paying for
parking and tolls. The Smart Cards will have a prepaid account balance. Parking meters will be
equipped with a RFID reader; as a car pulls into the lot, the meter logs the arrival and departure
times. It will then charge one’s account according to the rates of that parking area. Two-hour
parking meters will automatically charge a fine once the time limit passes. Tollbooths will work
in much the same way. As a car passes through a tollbooth, its corresponding account will
automatically be charged. The account will have an overdraft protection feature by being
connected to a bank account or credit card.

8
 How RFID for EZpass works

Another benefit of this type of system involves vehicle

recognition. This Smart Card system will have owner
information imprinted on its memory. It will know the
owner’s full name, car serial number, registration number,
model, make, year, and insurance information. Security will
be heightened by the use of secure Smart Card chips that will
not have privacy-sensitive information embedded, such as
place of residence or Social Security numbers.
The device will be installed in the dashboard for
protection from tampering or accidental damage and will be
equipped with a transmitter and a receiver. The device will be
Actual Size of RFID Transponder able to detect minor, as well as major, accidents by not only
sensing the proximity of other units, but also the sonic and seismic activity caused by impact.
Once an accident has been detected, the device will emit an electronic request (at 30KHz -
650KHz) for a "handshake," or successful electronic exchange of information (Leonard 46-60).
Even if the other driver involved is at fault, its device will also emit a request for a "handshake."
If this two-or-more vehicle "handshake" is successful, then the devices exchange information.
The owners are then able to file a police report and have the law enforcement personnel

9
download the incident information. Only law enforcement
personnel can download all information. This information may
not be enough for a conviction in some cases. Other evidence
must be investigated, such as witnesses, skid marks, and
matching damage.
In today’s marketplace, manufacturers have come up
with various alternatives addressing vehicle identification. The
first alternative is called Video Surveillance, which is an option
available on high-end vehicles. The Video Surveillance is a
device that is activated by the driver or occupant within the
vehicle. A mounted digital camera records what is occurring in
front of the vehicle on a three-minute loop. However, some
flaws mar the design. First, the device must be user-activated. RFID Reader used by Law Enforcement

This requisite proves potentially unsafe for the driver as it distracts him from his first priority of
driving safely. The second flaw is that the device only records occurrences in front of the
vehicle.
Another alternative is the use of magnetic identifiers. Each vehicle will have custom
magnetic frequency. Using magnetic readers, the proper and authorized personnel can detect the
unique identifier. The problem with this alternative is that too many vehicles are currently in use
for this alternative to prove truly useful. The differences in magnetic frequency will not be large
enough to prevent confusion of different vehicles.
A third alternative is called Contact Points. All along the periphery of the vehicle small
contact receptors will be imbedded within the sheet metal. If these contact points contact another
set of points, vehicle contact has occurred and the drivers are notified. The flaw with this
product is that its component and implementation costs are far too high.
Lastly, we considered Wire Frame Technology, which works in a similar fashion as the
Contact Points. Instead of contacts within the sheet metal, the wires are woven into the sheet
metal. A computer keeps a schematic drawing of the vehicle. In the event that the schematic is
changed, the driver is alerted. Again, this device is expensive and not feasible (“What” n.pag.).
C. Constraints
In order for our system to prove effective, every vehicle on the road will have to be
equipped. A state or federal law will necessarily have to require this system installed on every
vehicle in order for it to pass requisite safety inspections. The cost will have to be considered.
10
Upon being produced on a mass scale, the cost should be a one-time-only payment of sixty
dollars, as outlined in the budget section of this report. As with other government policies, the
government will have to provide subsidy programs for families who may not be able to afford
the added expenditure. This small cost, however, is far less expensive that many alternatives,
including the Eyewitness.
Not only will this device prove beneficial for the public, it will also not prove detrimental
to the environment, an issue of viable concern today. The materials used to make this product
consist mainly of plastics and metals that one can easily reuse and recycle. The unit itself,
however, will have to be discarded along with its vehicle at the end of its useful life. Since the
device is built into the dashboard, it will cause very little extra waste when the car is no longer
functional and needs to be discarded.
One concern with the device is the possible impact of the radio frequency transmission
that it employs. Such radio frequency transmission has been considered deleterious to the health
of people and, possibly, guilty of causing sundry cancers. In March 1998, the United States
government called for the Ministry for the Environment and the Ministry of Health to assess the
effects of radio frequency transmission. Though the agency cannot be completely sure, the
Ministry of Health found no indications of adverse health effects from exposure to radio
frequency, lowering risk factors, especially at lower levels (Johnson 117).
In studying air that had been exposed to radio frequency transmissions, researchers found
that the air within the radio frequency fields was not substantially different from any other air.
Though the affected air may have differed slightly in temperature, no indication suggests that the
difference was due to the transmissions. In addition, the carcinogenic agent was found to be
minimal, if existent at all.
Any concerns that still stand after this in-depth study of the effects of radio frequency can
be addressed in a few simple guidelines for the design. In order to keep the radio frequency at
lower levels, we merely minimized the transmission power to the minimum amount requisite for
the signal to be transmitted the five-meter minimum distance. In addition to lowering
transmission power, we designed the transponder so that the emission is not directed in unneeded
directions (Leonard 140-157).
The social impact can also be minimized because the privacy of the car owners will not
be jeopardized. It is understood, for example, that only law enforcement personnel will be able
to access any personal information, such as vehicle owners’ names, addresses, or insurance
information. One of the benefits of the Smart Card system is its unparalleled security of stored
11
information. Also, the signal itself is restricted. This signal-restriction means a satellite will not
be able to monitor one’s every move using this system, a vital fact that will add to consumer
privacy. Additionally, due to the active/passive design, the signal is only set off and received by
another car if its device, too, is emitting a signal and has sensed an impact on its car at the same
time. Any information collected from this device will be purely beneficial. For example, the
only way that the public will accept the implementation of this device is if people have the
understanding that the device will not be used to monitor speeding as the concern was with the
EZ pass system. Currently, drivers are morally obligated to report accidents that occur and,
therefore, this device does not infringe on anyone’s privacy, but merely promotes honest driving.
To avoid tampering, the system must be installed behind the dashboard where it is difficult to
access without one’s damaging the car. Also, no adjustments can be made to the device without
temporarily disabling it. This stricture means that one’s "Smart Card Identity" cannot be stolen.
The simple fact that negligent drivers will no longer be able to evade the fiscal
responsibility of tolls, parking costs, and inflicted damage will assuredly make the roadways
safer. Drivers will be more cautious and perilous congestion will be lessened.

VI. Statement of Work/Method of Solution

We propose a Smart Card system to be installed in the dashboard of every vehicle. This
system will offer a number of applications. The primary use of this system involves vehicle
recognition. This Smart Card system will contain owner information, such as the vehicle
identification number, the registration number, the make/model/year of vehicle, and insurance
information, all imprinted within its memory. To ensure privacy, the device will not list
information such as an owner's Social Security number or place of residence.
The device will be installed in the dashboard of each vehicle for protection from
tampering or accidental damage and will be equipped
with a transmitter and a receiver. The device will be
able to detect accidents with three sensors used in
conjunction. The proximity sensor senses other devices
within a meter’s vicinity, the sonic sensor senses
specific sound waves of automotive steel crumpling
and automotive glass breaking, and the seismic sensor
senses a change in magnetic field due to movement to
activate the device. All three sensors must be activated How Vehicle Information is Currently Displayed

12
in order for the device to be activated. Once a device has detected an accident, the device will
emit an electronic request for a "handshake," or successful electronic exchange of information.
All parties involved in the accident are also involved with the information exchange. Again, to
protect each driver’s privacy, only law enforcement personnel can download the exchanged
information. In the situation that this information may not prove sufficient to establish a
conviction in some cases, other evidence such as witnesses, skid marks, and matching damage
will be used.
The Smart Cards can also be used for one’s paying of parking fees. The Smart Cards will
feature a prepaid account balance that will record the arrival and departure times and charge the
card according to that time. Tollbooths will work in much the
same way. As a car passes through a tollbooth, the tollbooth
operating device will automatically charge the car’s account
through the car’s built-in device. The account will feature an
overdraft protection feature by being connected to a bank account
or credit card. Using Smart Card technology, vehicles will be able
to be read by tollbooth antennas while passing through at a Today’s EZpass Device

higher speed than today’s less powerful EZpass system.

First, our team created virtual models using the various software programs available, such
as AutoCAD, because such creation will allow an indication of what the size of the device must
be and how the device will be electronically configured. The goal is to get the most powerful
transmitter into the smallest amount of space using the least amount of energy. The transmitters
and receivers will be tested with the RFID (radio frequency identification) signal. Using
Application Specific Integrated Circuit technology, the device will be small enough to easily be
fitted into a ten-cubic inch area within the dashboard. Experiments and simulations need to be
conducted by using a retrofitted sample of the device on vehicles under various traffic
conditions, parking, collisions, and light/heavy traffic. Current devices on the market today are
insufficient because they deal only with highway tolls. This device is all-inclusive. If proved
feasible, a prototype should be created and tested.
VII. Qualifications
A qualified freshman design team has prepared this final report. Tyler Hinkle is the team
captain. His analytical and logical knowledge has been shown by his completion of the
Pennsylvania Governor's School of Excellence for Information Technologies program.
Bhavesh Joshi is a team member with an avid hobby centering on automobiles. His in-
13
depth knowledge of today's automobiles represents a key asset to this group. His work ethic and
determination are represented by his attendance as a high school intern at Drexel University's
Medical College—one of only fifteen from Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New York, and Delaware.
Anjuli Gupta is a team member with proficiency in professional quality writing and
large-scale presentations, as exemplified by her involvement in political simulations such as
Model UN and by her position as news editor of Moravian Academy’s The Oracle.
Samuel Blair’s attributes are necessary in the completion of our project in his
contributions to graphic design, technical background, and pure creativity.
Matthew Batdorf is an integral part of the team, contributing his ample computer skills
and technical background.
For complete Resumés, see Appendix A.

VIII. Budget
With a project of this scale, one must consider costs.
The development and test phase of the project will last one year
in duration with twenty-five engineers at forty dollars an hour, a
total cost of two million dollars. With 225 million registered
motor vehicles in the United States, the cost of the materials
and manufacture divided into 225 million vehicles is
approximately five dollars each. The cost comes into the picture
when it takes about an hour to retrofit a car with the system.
The average mechanic charges fifty dollars an hour. With an
additional five dollars added to the cost to cover possible An inexpensive roll of RFID transponders

unexpected additional costs in retrofitting, the total cost per device to the driver is sixty dollars.
At that cost, the national cost of implementation will range about $13.5 billion. Since police
stations and insurance companies can access the data with standard computers, they will incur no
additional costs. The costs of manufacturing will be covered by the revenue from the device.
Eight million new vehicles are bought each year in the United States and all will have the device
pre-installed, which will cost a yearly amount of $480 million. The overhead costs of
developing the project will not exceed $100 million. A cost/benefit analysis shows that the one-
time cost of $13.5 billion has a benefit of over seven billion dollars each year. The benefit will
outweigh the cost in just over two years.

14
IX. Schedule
See Appendix C for a graphical representation of our schedule.

X. Summary
Vehicles simply do not satisfy the convenience and safety needs of consumers. Tolls and
parking fees have to be paid manually, registration information can be lost by drivers, and
vehicles are not able to identify other vehicles. Every car on the road will be equipped with a
small device designed to add these features to every automobile. This device is based on a Smart
Card system that will have required features that reveal the car owner's identity and insurance.
Optional features will include a prepaid balance that one can use to pay for parking fees and
tolls. The Smart Card system will be equipped to detect accidents and record the serial numbers
of the devices on the corresponding cars involved. This effort will avoid the confusing aftermath
responsibility and liability in hit-and-run-type accidents. The intelligence of vehicles has just
been redefined.
XI. Future Work
Additional features can be incorporated into this device in the future. One will be able to
use this device similarly to a debit card that is linked to a credit card or bank account in order to
pay for gasoline, maintenance done on the car, or purchases at convenience stores. One can also
use such a device in conjunction with the Lemon Law. The Lemon Law states that buyers of
used cars are entitled to know their histories as well as be assured that those used cars will
function in accordance to their current conditions. Such a device can, thus, record data such as
warranty information, required recall work, and maintenance history. Such effort is similar to the
information one finds in CarFAX reports (Kreith 12).

15
XII. References
Bernstein, Howard L., et al. “Card reader/writer station for use with a personal memory
card using differential data transfer.” USPTO Patent Full-Text and Image
Database.

“Cost per accident and per victim.”

http://www.swov.nl/en/kennisbank/1_policy/costs_per_accident_and_ per_victim.htm
(12 February 2004).
Elert, Glenn, Ed. “Number of Cars.” The Physics Factbook. (4 February 2004).
“EZ Pass.” http://searchnetworking.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid7_gci808812,00.html
(9 February 2004).
“E-ZPASS Evaluation Report.” http://www.itsdocs.fhwa.dot.gov/jpodocs/repts_te
/@6L01!.pdf (2 February 2004).
James, Robert B. and Jeffrey B. Mendola. Ultra-Wideband Technology for Intelligent
Transportation Systems. New York: CRC Press, 2001.
Johnson, Edward. Security Technology. New York: AriFact, 2001.
Kreith, Frank, et al. Transportation. Chicago: Tech Print, 1999.
Leonard, John II. Wireless Network. New York: CRC Press, 2001.
“National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.” http://www.nhtsa.com/ (6 February
2004).
“Smart Card Alliance.” http://www.Smart Cardalliance.org (6 March 2004).
“Statistics 2000.” http://www.car-accidents.com/pages/stats.html (10 February 2004).
Stephanedes, Yorgos J. Intelligent Transportation Systems. New York: CRC Press,
2003.
“What is so Smart about Smart Cards?” http://www.netlink.co.in/Smart Cardforum-
netlink.pdf (13 February 2004).

16
XIII. Acknowledgments

Dr. Bruce Eisenstein

Arthur J. Rowland, Professor
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Drexel University
Main Building
Curtis 3-156
Philadelphia, PA 19104

Nitin J. Khanna, BSCE, MCSE, CCNP, CWNA, CNE

Webergize Wireless, LLC
Drexel University’s Baiada Center for Entrepreneurship
3225 Arch Street
Philadelphia, PA 19104
Tel: 267-679-3101
[email protected]

Dr. Fredrick Heinsik

Lenel Systems

17
 XIV. Appendices
Appendix A

Tyler N. Hinkle
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
179 Deysher Road, Fleetwood, PA 19522 Phone: (610) 761-5689
[email protected] Fax: (610) 987-9428
EDUCATION Drexel University Philadelphia, PA
2003-present
• Presidential Scholar in four-year Internship BS Program in Biomedical Engineering

Brandywine Heights High School Topton, PA

1999-2003
AWARDS
• The Mildred S. Bechtel Diehl Award in the Arts
• Emory S. Meck Service Award to the Band
• Mertztown Community Medical Center Award in the Sciences
COMPUTER
SKILLS MS Word, MS Excel, MS PowerPoint, MS Outlook, Windows XP, Maple 9, LabVIEW,
AutoCAD, C++, Visual Studio, HTML, Java, JavaScript, PC Hardware
WORK
EXPERIENCE Chief Groundskeeper Lobachsville, PA
1998-2003
• Maintained and groomed 100-plus acres of a private estate
Blatt’s Dinner Theatre Kutztown, PA
2001
• Sole lighting technician, prop master, and stage manager
Calendar Central Lobachsville, PA
2001-present
• Started a personalized calendar business filling dozens of orders each holiday season
VOLUNTEER
EXPERIENCE Pottstown Elks Lodge #814 Pottstown, PA
1996-2002
• Member of the Charity Ball Committee as doorman, designer, and decorator
Brandywine Minstrels’ Booster Club Benefit Topton, PA
1999-2002
• Volunteering over fifty hours each year operating sound equipment for seven shows
Project Feasibility Committee Student Representative Topton, PA
1999-2003
• Served as the sole student representative on the New School Building Project
ACTIVITIES
• Attended PA Governor’s School of Information Technologies at Drexel University
• Fifth-Grade Camp counselor at Camp Conrad Weiser, serving as peer adviser
• Attended the Berks Business Adventure, mastering appropriate business practices
• Traveled to Australia as a US Student Ambassador with the People to People Program

18
Appendix A

Bhavesh Bharatkumar Joshi

830 W Macada Road

Bethlehem, PA 18017
610-867-9883
[email protected]
——————————————————————————————————————————
Education

Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA

Bachelor of Science in Biomedical Engineering, June 2008
Neuroengineering And Nanotechnology, GPA 3.68

Honors and Awards

Drexel University Dean Scholarship recipient

Pennoni Honors College

Computer Skills

Proficiency with Windows and Macintosh platforms

Quick thinking and troubleshooting skills

Experience

Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA

Summer high school intern, July to August 2003
Laboratory intern who provided technological assistance
Gained laboratory experience

Extracurricular Activities

Residence Hall Association Van Rennssalear Hall representative

Residential Living Office Appellate Board Member
Pennoni Honors College Work Study

19
 Appendix A
Anjuli Gupta
3231 Regal Road
Bethlehem, PA 18020
610-691-5475
[email protected]
EDUCATION
• Attending Drexel University College of Engineering
• Concentration in Biomedical Engineering
• Fall Term GPA: 4.0
• Graduation Year: 2007
• Moravian Academy graduate
• Attended Enforex Center of International Studies in Barcelona, Spain, Summer 2002

EXPERIENCE

Nrithyanjali Institute of Dance October 2002 to May 2003

• Indian Classical Dance Teacher
• Taught Bharathanatyam dance to first-year students
Lehigh Valley Summerbridge June 2000 to August 2000
• Assisted as a TA in an introductory physics class for over 240 hours during an eight-week long summer program
Hindu Temple Society November 1992 to May 2003
• Participated in and co-choreographed dances for Indian functions to help raise money for the Hindu Temple Society

HONORS AND AWARDS

• Received Merit Scholarship from Drexel University in Pennoni Honors College
• Received award for outstanding achievement in community service, 2000
• Member of the National Society of Collegiate Scholars
• Received Distinguished Delegate Award at UPenn’s Model UN, 2001
• Received Position Paper Award at Rutgers Model Congress, 2001
SCHOOL SPORTS AND HOBBIES/ACTIVITIES
• Member of Drexel’s Society of Women Engineers 2003-2004
• Drexel Women’s Crew Team 2003-2004
• Bharatanatyam Indian Classical Dance and Arangetram graduation (twelve years)
• Delegate in Upenn’s Model UN and in Rutgers Model Congress, 2001-2003
• Photography including Moravian Academy newspaper photographer, 2000-03
• Piano including two Clavinova Competitions(twelve years)

RELEVANT COURSEWORK
• Physical Foundations of Engineering I
• Chemical and Biological Foundations of Engineering I
• Mathematical Foundations of Engineering I

20
Appendix A
Samuel Budd Blair
94 Jacks Road
Montoursville, PA 17754
(Home) 570-435-3208, (Cell) 570-916-5354
[email protected]
———————————————————————————————————————————
Education Drexel University Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Bachelor of Science, Engineering Anticipated Graduation June 2008
GPA 3.83

Montoursville Area School District Montoursville, Pennsylvania

High School Diploma Graduated June 2003
GPA 3.91

Work Experience Hampton Inn Williamsport, Pennsylvania

Houseman/Maintenance February - September 2003
•Managed entire maintenance department on all PM shifts
•Generated schedules in absence of supervisor for maintenance
•Reviewed and followed all procedures for dispensing chemicals into pool and Jacuzzi
•Maintained and replaced HVAC units as needed
•Aided all aspects of the breakfast operation for the hotel on a weekly basis
•Handled emergency situations as needed on an on-call basis
•Provided hotel with expertise in transporting guests to and from areas of the surrounding city

Little League World Series South Williamsport, PA

Lifeguard/Maintenance Summer 2002
•Assisted in security of teams with interpreters while in the pool complex
•Trained the campers on all aspects of the pool
•Provided swimming tests to all campers to determine their proficiency of swimming levels
•Handled all issues concerning pool and safety with swimmers
•Administered chemical testing in the water supply and added chemicals as needed

Borough of South Williamsport South Williamsport, PA

Lifeguard Summers 2001 - 2003
•Taught swimming lessons for those who could not swim
•Assisted in generating schedules
•Aided swim team coach with rosters and overall running of swim meet
•Maintained safety during swim meets and other pool events
•Handled conflicts and resolutions effectively
•Helped to provide safe haven for all local swimmers
•Worked as a team member with all other lifeguards

Leadership Experience •Technology Student Association - Chapter President 2000-2003

•Boy Scouts of America - Assistant Scoutmaster, Eagle Scout
•Certified American Red Cross Lifeguard
•Certified CPR/AED for the Professional Rescuer

Honors Received •A.J. Drexel Scholar

•Drexel University Dean’s List
•Boy Scouts, Eagle Rank
•Order of the Arrow
•Lettered in: Track and Field, Marching and Concert Bands, Swim team

Extracurricular High School Track and Field, Marching and Concert Bands, Football, Swim Team for thirteen
years, Boy Scouts, Lycoming County Museum and Historical Society - Vintage House Restoration

21
Appendix A

Matthew Batdorf

384 Oak Terrace Phone:610-781-8378

West Reading, PA 19611 [email protected]

Education
• Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA:
2003-present, five-year Electrical Engineering cooperative education program

• Holy Name High School, Reading, PA

1999-2003, Class rank: 12th of 121 with GPA of 3.73

Awards
• A.J. Drexel Scholarship

• Coach’s Award for Leadership and Excellence in volleyball and soccer

• District III sportsmanship award

Computer Skills
MS Word, MS Excel, MS PowerPoint, MS Outlook, Windows XP, Maple 9, LabVIEW,
AutoCAD, C++

Work Experience
• Head Lab Technician, Turgeon Engineering, 2001-2003:
Assembled and Tested simple circuits, data entry, graphical programming

• Maintenance Technician, Holy Name High School, 2001-2003:

Performed simple repairs and cleaned school

Volunteer Experience
• Assistant Coach, seventh- and eight-grade CYO Boys’ Basketball team, 2000-2002:
Led drills and instructed players one-on-one

• Assistant Coach third- and fourth-grade CYO Girls’ Basketball team, 2002-2003:
Led drills and instructed players one on one

• Altar Server, Sacred Heart Church, 1998-2003:

Assisted minister in preparation and execution of ceremonies

Activities
• Boy Scouts of America, 1991-2003, rank of Life Scout

• Treasurer Drexel University Volleyball Team

• People to People Student Ambassador to Australia and New Zealand

Appendix B

Illustration of EZpass Process

1. As one slowly passes through the toll lane, his EZpass tag is read.
2. Instantly, an antenna reads the tag and the proper toll is deducted from one’s prepaid EZpass
account.
3. At some facilities, gates will go up when a valid tag is read.
4. A video enforcement system is in place to identify violators.
5. A traffic signal and message is immediately displayed just beyond the tollbooth.

Image courtesy of Intelligent Transportation Systems. New York: CRC Press, 2003.
Appendix C
Appendix D

Market Segmentation

4,920,000
80,000
46,000,000
Cars and Taxis
Trucks
Buses
Motorcycles
174,000,000