Percentage
Percentage(percentumorpercent)[Link]
symbolicallyexpressedas%.
Thus30%means,30partsoutof100Parts.Wecanalsowrite30%as30/100
Ifoutof100piecesmade,15donotpassinspection,itis15%(15onhundred)[Link]
orangeareboughtforRs.100andsoldforRs.140,theprofitis40percent.
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ConversionofaFractionintoaPercentage:
Thepercentofgainorlossisfoundbydividingtheamountgainorlossbytheoriginalnumberofwhich
thepercentageiswanted,andmultiplyingthequotientby100.
ur
u
Afractioncanbeconvertedintoapercentagebysimplymultiplyingitby100.Thus1/10=
(1/10)*100=10pcor10%.
Tip/MustRememberPoints:
Be
st
Toconvertanyfractionx/ytorate%.Multiplythegivenfractionby100andputa%sign.
Toconvertarate%intoafraction,divideitby100anddeletethe%sign.
Toconvert%intodecimalplaceadecimalpointaftertwoplacesfromtheextremerightofthe
integer.
Toconvertadecimalintopercentageshiftthedecimalpointtwoplacestotheright.
Valuein%=valueindecimal*100
SomeImportantresultsofPercentageconvertedintofractionsare:
1
1
1
1
25% =
20% =
10% =
50% =
100% = 1
4
5
10
2
1
1
6 %=
4
16
12
1
1
%=
2
8
1
1
33 % =
3
3
2
2
66 % =
3
3
1
3
37 % =
2
8
62
1
5
%=
2
8
2
1
%=
3
6
14
2
1
% =
7
7
16
87
1
7
%=
2
8
Examples:
Example1:[Link]
increasesby20%?
Solution:IncomewouldbeRs(100+20)%ofof500)or120%of500i.e.
120
*500 = Rs600
100
Example 2 : A man buys a house for Rs20,00,000/- and sells it at a loss of 5%. What
is the selling price?
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Solution : The selling price = (100-5)% of Rs 20,00,000 OR
95
= 95% of 20,00,000 =
*20,00,000 = Rs19,00,000
100
ur
u
Example3:Outofatotaloutputof28,000bicyclemanufacturedbyAtlasCyclesLtd.,300
bicycleare,onanaverage,[Link]?
st
300
28000x100=10.70%or10.70%
Be
Example4:Incasebyanewprocess100piecescanbemadeinthesametimeas60could
formerlybemade,whatisthegaininoutputofthenewprocessovertheold,expressedin
percent?
Originalnumber=60
Gain=10060=40
40
Hence,60X100=66.7%
SpecialRulesandFormulae
Rules1
Firsttimeincreasedbyx%and2ndtimeincreased
x
numberdecreasedbyx%thenLoss%orless=100
Rules2
IfAisx%morethanB,thenBislessthanAby
x
(100+x)*100%
IfAisx%lessthanB,thenBisgreaterthanAby
x
(100x)*100%
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Rule3
Be
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Example1.
IfRadhasalaryis20%morethanthatofKrishna,thenbyhowmuch%
salaryofKrishnaislessthanRadhassalary.
20
2
Solution:SalaryofKrishnais120*100%=163%less
Example2.
IfsalaryofRiyainitiallyincreasedby20%andsecondtimeincreasedsalary
isdecreasedby20%.Thenwhatwillbeeffectonhissalary?
Solution:
20
SalaryofRiyawillbereducedby100%=4%
Rule4
IfthePriceofanarticleisincreasedbyx%then
x
consumptionmustbedecreasedby(100+x)*100%.
Sothatexpenditureremainsame.
IfthePriceofanarticleisincreasedbyx%then
consumptionmustbedecreasedbyx%then
x
consumptionmustbeincreasedby(100x)*100.
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Rule5
Sothatexpenditureremainsame.
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Example3
IfthepriceofAppleisreducedby25%thenbyhowmuch%its
consumptionmustbeincreasedsothatexpenditureremainsame?
Solution:
25
1
75*100%=333%
1
Hence,consumptionmustbeincreasedby333%
Rule6
If1sttimeSalary/Production/oranythingincreasedbyx%
andsecondtimethatincreaseditemagainincreasedbyy%
thenresultant%increase.
xy
X+y+100%
Rule7
If1sttimesalary/production/populationoranything
increasedbyx%andsecondtimethatincreaseditem
decreasedbyy%thenresultant%change.
Bymeasuringthesidesofarectangleifonesideistaken
x%excessandothersidey%[Link]
willbeincreasedby
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Rule8
xy
xy100%
st
Bymeasuringthesidesofarectangleifonesidetakenx%
excessandothersidetakeny%lessthen%changeinArea.
Be
Rule9
ur
u
xy
X+y+x100%
xy
Xy100%
Rule10
Ifprice/salary/population/production1stdecreasedbyx%
and2ndtimeagainthedecreaseditemagaindecreasedby
y%thenresultant%decrease
xy
X+y100%
Rule11
Ifsideofsquareorradiusofcircleincreasedbyx%then%
changeinArea
x
2x+100%
Rule12
Ifsideofsquareorradiusofcircledecreasedbyx%the
Areawilldecreasedby
Population/ProductionFormulae
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Rule13
x
2x100%
ur
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IfpopulationofatownisPandannualincreasedisr%then
population,
r
IAfternyears=P(1+100)n
st
r
IINYearsAgo=P/(1+100)n
Rule14
Be
ResultonDepreciation
[Link]
depreciateattherateofr%[Link]
Machine
r
IAfternYears=P(1100)n
r
IINYearsago=P/(1100)n
Rule15
MarksintheExamination
Ifinexaminationtherearetwocandidateswhoscorex%
andy%marksbutthefirstonefailsbyPmarksandSecond
candidategetRmarksmorethanthepassingmarks,then
maximummarkssetforexamination
(P+R)
(P+R) (yx) *100
Ifinanexaminationx%failedinMathsandy%failedin
Englishandz%failinbothpaperthen%ofstudentwho
passedinboththesubject
Rule16
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100(x+yz)%
Ifinanexaminationitisrequiredtogetx%butacandidate
[Link]
(y+z)
setforexam x *100
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Rule17
Example4:
Be
Ifthelengthofrectangleisincreasedby20%anditsbreadthdecreasedby10%thenfind%
changeonitsArea?
Solution.
2010+
20x10
100 =8%increase.
Example5:
Thepopulationofatownis2,40,000.Itincreasedattherateof5%per
year.Whatwillbepopulationofthattownin3years?
Solution.
21*21*21
2,40,000*20*20*20=30*9261=2,77,830
Example3:
Inanexamination,70%ofthecandidatespassedinEnglish,65%inMathematics.
27%[Link]
passedinbothsubjects:
ThosefaililnginEnglish=30%
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Failinginbothsubjects=27%
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Solution:ThosefailinginMaths=35%
Thus,studentsfailinginoneorboththesubjects=(35+3027)%or38%
Be
st
Therefore,studentspasspercentageinbothsubjects=10038=62%
