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Engineering Equilibrium Basics

This document discusses the concepts of equilibrium, resolution of forces and moments, determinacy, shear force and bending moment in structural analysis. It defines key terms like equilibrium of forces and moments, resolution of forces and moments, free body diagrams, types of support, and determinacy. It provides examples of how to apply these concepts to analyze pin-jointed frames, beams and structures to determine unknown forces and reactions. Diagrams and equations are presented to illustrate the relationships between the number of forces, reactions and joints that define a determinate or indeterminate structure.

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80 views14 pages

Engineering Equilibrium Basics

This document discusses the concepts of equilibrium, resolution of forces and moments, determinacy, shear force and bending moment in structural analysis. It defines key terms like equilibrium of forces and moments, resolution of forces and moments, free body diagrams, types of support, and determinacy. It provides examples of how to apply these concepts to analyze pin-jointed frames, beams and structures to determine unknown forces and reactions. Diagrams and equations are presented to illustrate the relationships between the number of forces, reactions and joints that define a determinate or indeterminate structure.

Uploaded by

jodaki
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

EQUILIBRIUM

EQUILIBRIUM OF FORCES

Fz Fy Fx F y Fz Fx = 0 Fy = 0 Fz = 0
EQUILIBRIUM OF MOMENTS

Fx

Mz Mx My My
M

Mx

F Mz Mx = 0 My= 0

RESOLVE FORCES AND MOMENTS TEXTBOOK DIAGRAMS

Resolution of Forces

Resolution of moments

EXAMPLE EQUILIBRIUM AND RESOLUTION OF FORCES

Choose directions Resolve along y: F1 cos 1 + F2 cos 2 W = 0 Resolve along x: (1) (2)

F2 sin 2 F1 sin 1 = 0

F1 sin 1 F = From (2), 2 sin 2


Use in (1):

F1 (cos 1 + sin 1 cos 2 / sin 2 ) = W

Rearrange: Similarly

F1 = W / (cos 1 + sin 1 / tan 2 )

F2 = W / (cos 2 + sin 2 / tan 1 )

FREE BODY DIAGRAMS

w R

R1

R2

Example What is the force R in terms of F and W? (free body 1) What is F in terms of W? (free body 2) -assume no friction R

Free body 2

Free body 1

Body 2
F F F F

Vertical forces: 4F = W i.e. F = W/4

DETERMINACY Types of Support

Determinacy - pin-jointed frame example

Joint A Joint B Joint C

A:horizontal F1cos60 - F2cos60 = 0: F1 = F2(1) vertical P - F1 cos30 - F2cos30 = 0 (2) B: horizontal F3 - F1cos60 = 0 (3) vertical P1 -F1sin60 = 0 (4) C: horizontal F3 - P3 -F2cos60 = 0 (5) vertical P2 -F2sin60 = 0 (6)

Important equation for two-dimensional cases

m +

2j

where m is the number of forces in members; r the number of reactions; and j the number of joints. In the above example, m=3, r = 3 (2 vertical, 1 horizontal) and j=3. Equation balances. Note left hand side is the number of unknowns, and right hand side the number of equations. When these are equal, the problem can be solved , as can the one above. Such a problem is termed just stiff, or statically determinate.

Determinacy - pin-jointed frames Original problem rollers added

Unknowns F1, F2, F3, P1, P 2, P 3. 6 equations m + r = 2j (3 + 3 = 2 3) just stiff

Unknowns F1, F2, F3, P1, P 2. 6 equations m + r < 2j (3 + 2 < 2 3) under-stiff

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Under-stiff scissors original structure scissor mechanism

m + r = 2j (3 + 3 = 2 3)

m + r < 2j (2 + 3 < 2 3) Over-stiff structure

original structure

rollers removed

m + r = 2j (3 + 3 = 2 3)

m + r > 2j (3 + 4 > 2 3)
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Textbook examples

Determinacy of beams

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Textbook examples

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SHEAR FORCE AND BENDING MOMENT We can subdivide a free body in order to analyse it (pulley example). This also applies to beams, and leads to the concepts of shear force and bending moment.

free body R x

M Q

Shear force Q = R Bending moment M = Rx SF x BM x

Example - cantilever

W
shear force

W Q + W = 0; Q = - W
bending moment

Q
M x

Wx + M = 0 M = - Wx

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