His Majesty's Government of Nepal Ministry of Local Development DISTRICT DEVELOPMENT COMMITTEE Bhaktapur

FINAL REPORT
District Transport Master Plan (DTMP) Bhaktapur

February, 2002

Submitted by

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District Transport Master Plan (DTMP), Bhaktapur

FINAL REPORT

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.

INTRODUCTION
1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 BACKGROUND OBJECTIVES OF DISTRICT TRANSPORT PLANNING RATIONALE OF DISTRICT TRANSPORT PLANNING APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY

1
1 2 2 3

2.

DISTRICT PROFILE ANALYSIS

2.1.1 2.1.2 2.1.3 2.2 Location Geophysiography Climate

6
6 6 7 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 9 12 13 13 14 14 14 15 16 16 16 16 16

DEMOGRPHIC AND SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS 2.2.1 Demography 2.2.2 Social Development 2.2.3 Health services 2.2.4 Religious Centre and Heritage SERVICE CENTRE 2.3.1 Overview 2.3.2 Briefs on key growth centre EXISTING TRANSPORT CONDITION 2.4.1 Accessibility 2.4.2 Trading routes. 2.4.3 Existing roads 2.4.4 Roads under DOR 2.4.5 Agriculture profile INDUSTRIAL PROFILE EXISTING TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM AND OTHER SERVICES 2.6.1 Transportation 2.6.2 Communication 2.6.3 Electricity 2.6.4 Banking and Finance

2.3

2.4

2.5 2.6

3.

DISTRICT TRANSPORT PLANNING

3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 POPULATION AND ITS IMPACT AGRICULTURAL RESOURCE POTENTIALITY POTENTIALITY OF GROWTH CENTRE BRIEFS ON EXISTING ROAD AND REQUIRED INTERVENTIONS 3.4.1 Bhaktapur Ring Road 3.4.2 Bastakoti Chowk Khadkadil 3.4.3 Byansitole Gelalgaon 3.4.4 Mahakalichowk - Pakunepati - Changunarayan 3.4.5 Chyamasingh (Bhaktapur) Amaldol (Nala) 3.4.6 Bramhayani Kalamasi 3.4.7 Chakrapanichowk (Katunje) Lubu

17
17 18 18 18 19 21 21 21 21 22 22

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3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9

PRIORITY OF ROADS TENTATIVE COST OF PROPOSED DTMP ROADS BUS PARK ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES SOCIAL IMPLICATION

22 25 28 28 29

4.

PERSPECTIVE PLAN OF DISTRICT RURAL ROAD NETWORK

4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 NEPAL RURAL ROAD STANDARD SCORING SYSTEM FOR SCREENING AND GRADING FEASIBLE NEW LINKAGES INTER DISTRICT LINKAGE PROSPECTIVE PLAN OF DISTRICT RURAL ROAD NETWORK

30
30 31 34 34 34

5.

FUNDING PERSPECTIVE OF THE DISTRICT TRANSPORT MASTER PLAN35

5.1 5.2 EXISTING FUNDING SCENARIO BUDGET FORECAST FOR DTMP 35 36

6.

DISTRICT TRANSPORT MASTER PLAN

6.1 6.2 6.3 FIVE YEAR DISTRICT TRANSPORT MASTER PLAN LIST OF PRIORITISED DISTRICT ROADS REHABILITATION OF DISTRICT ROADS

38
38 39 39

7. 8.

STRENGTHENING OF INSTITUTION PLAN, IMPLEMENTATION PROPOSAL

42 43

ANNEXES: A. Status of Roads in Bhaktapur District B. Inventory of District and Village Roads C. Central Services of Emerging Growth Centres D. Work Plan for the Preparation of DTMP E. Road Linkage Demands from Municipalities and VDCs MAPS: 1. District Location Map 2. District Map with VDC Boundary 3. Existing Services Centre Map 4. Land Use Map 5. Overview on Construction Stages of District Roads 6. District Transport Master Plan 7. Geological Map ABBREVIATIONS

ARP

Agricultural Road Programme

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C-dot DADO DBUD DDC DIARS DIM DIO DoLIDAR DoR DPA DRCC DTMP DWSO Ha HMGN IDPM ILO km LDO LGA MLD MP MT NEC NRRS PCU PP TU VDC RRA

: : : : : : :

: : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

Central Department of Telecommunication Authority District Agricultural Development Office Department of Building and Urban Development District Development Committee District Agricultural and Rural Roads Section District Inventory Map District Irrigation Office : Department of Local Infrastructure Development Agricultural Roads Department of Roads Development Potential Area District Road Coordination Committee District Transport Master Plan District Water Supply Office Hectare His Majesty's Government of Nepal Indicative Development Potential Map International Labour Organisation Kilometer Local Development Officer Local Self Governance Act Ministry of Local Development Master Plan Metric Ton Nepal Engineering College Nepal Rural Road Standard Passenger Car Unit Perspective Plan Transport Unit Village Development Committee Rapid Rural Appraisal

and

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1.
1.1

INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND

Agriculture is one of the largest sector in Nepalese economy. It contributes about forty percent of the Gross Domestic Product. Over ninety percent of the population of Nepal directly or indirectly depends upon agriculture. The living standard of rural people cannot be improved unless the priority is given to the agriculture sector. Transportation is one of the crucial factor to determine the potentiality of agriculture whether in Terai or in Hilly areas of Nepal. A poor transport infrastructure results into less market centre availability. The inaccessibility of roads have been felt by the rural people as a major obstacle to improve their living standard apart from being deprived off of the availability of electricity, water supply facilities etc. In absence of road, the basic facilities such as health services, education and communication can not also be within the reach of poor communities. In this regards, the rural roads which link farms to the market centres of nearby strategic roads network are very much important. The national strategy of Nepal has emphasized the development of basic rural infrastructure, particularly rural roads in a planned and sustainable means adopting the labour based, local resource oriented, environmentally friendly and HMG/Ndecentralised approach. The existing rural roads network at present has limited economic impact because of its low density of 6 km per 100 km2. The ninth five year plan and agricultural prospective plan highlight the need for a substantial increase in rural road length to 11 km per 100 km2 within the next 20 years. To achieve this target, it has been estimated that 700 km of road construction would be required every year which needs enormous amount of investment. The common experience with road construction in Nepal has been their high cost per kilometre, long period of construction and significant maintenance cost. However, it is worth mentioning the existing trend of local government to set aside about sixty percent of budget for road sector against all other infrastructure development program. The expansion of district roads network in Nepal has been accorded high priority by local authorities at DDCs and VDCs during the last decade. With the introduction of the Government's decentralisation policy in 1992, the responsibility for planning, construction and maintenance of the district rural roads was transferred to the respective DDCs under the policy and institutional back up of MLD. The planned and sustainable development of road network in the district shall increase the capacity of individuals to mobilise resources and to take advantage of income generating opportunities. The Government has emphasised to extend, improve and maintain the strategic roads network during the last decade. It is obvious that strategic roads network influence the orientation of the local roads network. Before the local roads were built the pedestrian trails functioned as long distance linkages of the rural centres. Roads that replace these linkages often follow the trail alignment and then the trails become extinct. This transition process from pedestrian trails to motorable roads calls for sound planning at the district level. The District Transport Master Plan, the first of its kind in Bhaktapur District, is expected to guide and enhance rural development in rural hinder land of Bhaktapur by providing better access to services and by better management of natural resources.

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1.2

OBJECTIVES OF DISTRICT TRANSPORT PLANNING

The master plan is expected to guide and develop the road network in sustainable planned and coherent manner. The main purpose of district transport master plan is to improve the living standard in the district by improving transport quality and thus by decreasing the cost of consumable items, and by improving accessibility as well as comfort of the people. The main objective as outlined in DoLIDAR approach manual are as follows: To develop roads in a planned and sustainable manner by adopting the labour based, local resources oriented, environmental friendly technique in accordance with the decentralised participatory approach, and to facilitate accessibility to important centres and areas with resource potentiality; To guide to spatial arrangement of rural settlement as well as emerging of towns, markets and service centre in the district; Establishment of a single approach for the development of rural road network by local government and minimise the current ad-hoc practices of investing in roads based on short term vision; To provide the fundamental base for planning and implementing new construction, rehabilitation and improvement of existing roads and to maintain, repair and rehabilitate the existing infrastructure as well as proper utilization of built up structures with the view to provide service to the concerned people living in particular area; To develop and connect the existing growth centres and potential growth centres through rural road development network. To provide milestone in study, design, planning and implementation of rural road development activities.

1.3

RATIONALE OF DISTRICT TRANSPORT PLANNING

The DDC has no distinct approach of planning, implementation and maintenance of rural road and there is no co-ordination between various agencies involved in the development of rural road sector. The Agricultural Perspective Plan (APP) has emphasised on improving transportation facilities to the markets and service centres following labour based and environment friendly approaches. National strategic roads network, urban and rural roads comprise the total length of 20,600 km, where 14,000 km (68 percent) of roads lies in rural areas. These rural roads built by VDCs without proper technical investigations do not meet the standards often without proper drainage structures and with very poor road surface. So the nations scarce resources are not utilised properly. It should be noted that 85% of rural roads function only during the dry season. Hence a lot of resources are required to improve them into all weather condition. The state of rural roads are in vulnerable condition due to lack of regular maintenance, ad-hoc distribution of funds, inadequate technical input, inappropriate institutional and legal provisions supporting the maintenance aspects etc. The approaches to carry out rural infrastructure development has differed from project to project despite the fact that they are implemented through same VDC. In most cases, the project approach as well as implementing agency turn out to be variable. Hence it is imperative to develop a well established single approach for rural road development. The DTMP is prepared with the inventory and socio-economic studies of the existing and new linkages, screening and grading of prioritised links incorporating the impact of environment

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issues. It includes the opinion of VDCs and DDCs regarding development of transport network in conjunction with technical input from line agencies. The five year DTMP, a prioritised abstract of long term perspective plan, highlights the long term rural road needs of the district. It provides directives on utilization of the local resources and promotion of participatory approach in rural road operation and maintenance. The DTMP will also discourage the trend of ad-hoc and marginal investment on a large number of infrastructures at a time.

1.4

APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY

District Transport Master Plan is prepared through people's participatory approach and involvement of most important stakeholders of the district throughout the entire development process. The chronology of events in the course of development of DTMP development can be summarised as follows: a. Prepare and finalise indicative development potential map of district: Awareness campaign on district transport master plan (DTMP), Collection of data and information from district and line agency (agriculture, forestry and soil conservation and industry etc.), Preparation of base map, Preparation of ranking of growth centre b. Prepare district inventory map of rural network: Training to data collectors regarding NRRS, RRA (socio-economic) survey, transport linkage and environmental information, district inventory map of rural network survey, Field mobilisation and collection of data, Identification of linkages and maintenance, rehabilitation and upgrading of the same, Marking rural road class in DTMP. c. Collection of demand for new transport linkage from VDCs: Assessment of possible transport linkages Collect formal request from VDC and municipalities for new and existing transport linkages, Collect socio-economic data (RRA) on new transport linkages, Prepare and plot demanded transport linkages. d. Preparation of the draft perspective plan of rural road network of the district: Preparation of scoring basis for screening and grading of transport linkage, Analyse weighted score, importance factor/population/hydropower etc., Obtain approval from VDC, Screening and grading procedure and obtain approval from district council. e. Preparation of regional perspective plan of rural road network: Finalisation of plan by region SDE, Finalisation of plan by district council. f. Prioritisation of transport linkage: List all transport linkages (District Road, Village Road, main trail, village trail), in preparing plan under new construction, rehabilitation, upgrading and periodic maintenance, Prioritisation of transportation linkage based on social economic study, socioenvironmental concern project cost, local participation, traffic volume, Prioritisation of rural road (Class A, B, C and D) and agricultural road.

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g. Preparation of first Five Year Rural Master Plan: Examination of possible sources and allocation of fund by DDC for road sector and tentative lengths of road that can be undertaken each year, Preparation of Five Year Master Plan, Submission to DDC for approval, Approval of Rural Road Master Plan. The DTMP has been prepared based on the given guidelines of "Approach for the Development of Agriculture and Rural Roads", a Manual published by DoLIDAR for the preparation of District Transport Master Plan (DTMP). The process and activities include the collection of information from DDCs, and VDCs, District Line Agencies (agriculture forestry, soil conservation industry etc.), private sectors and NGOs. The purpose of DTMP is to link the existing and possible potential areas where development activities are either in progress or planned in future. The existing and potential rank of growth centre is based on existing infrastructure network, location, potentiality of agricultural production and market development. The physical setting of location, attitude of local people, their participation and mutual coordination between political parties for development of infrastructure within the district is also taken into consideration. The rural and agriculture roads are classified by Ministry of Local Development (MoLD), Department of Local Infrastructure Development and Agriculture Roads (DoLIDAR) according to the Nepal Rural Road Standard (2055). The documents provide the classification and other general standard for rural transport network whereas strategic road network (national highways, feeder roads under jurisdiction of Department of Roads) are categorised as per Nepal Road Standard (2027). The rural road standard has classified the district road, village road, main trail and village trail. The criteria for the classification of rural transport linkage is based on topography, traffic volume, level of users and the function of linkages. General socio-economic study of the existing and proposed rural transport has been carried out by conducting rapid rural appraisal (RRA) survey. The purpose of the survey is to examine economic activities of the settlement, the existing infrastructure service of the influenced area, land holding pattern, food grain availability, surplus or deficit of food, agricultural production and cash crops, cereals, livestock, migration of the people for employment and the attitude of the people regarding participatory work. The existing mode of transport, difficulties faced by the local people to transport the goods and kind of goods to be transported outside the influence are also taken into consideration. District inventory map of rural roads is prepared to show existing rural transport linkages. The linkages are indicated separately for various classes viz. district road, village road etc. The inventory is carried out to examine the road conditions and hence to find out the requirement for rehabilitation, reconstruction, upgrading and maintenance including physical dimension of the road. An indicative development potential base map is prepared showing all village trails, main trails, village roads, district roads including the strategic road network (highway & feeder roads). It is found that the VDCs and DDCs have opened several roads through peoples participatory approach with the involvement of line agencies of the district. These fair weather roads lack side drainages, pipe culverts, slab curvets, bridges and proper geometric design. The existing roads and trails require routine, periodic maintenance, rehabilitation or upgrading. It is imperative to identify rural transport linkages that need maintenance, rehabilitation and upgrading while preparing the master plan. In this regards, the VDCs have been requested to provide information about transport linkages that need new construction, upgrading, rehabilitation and periodic maintenance indicating the order of priority. This information provides the Consultant regarding the felt need of the village development committees, ilaka

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and district in general. Such linkages demand the need justification with sufficient information regarding the benefits and adverse impact to the adjacent settlements. The VDCs have to indicate the resources that they can contribute in form of cash contribution, contribution of land along the right of way, free labour contribution and commitment for the maintenance of the road after constructions. Certification of such commitments from VDCs are required for continued efforts of local people for road development and maintenance. The formal request of transport linkages from all the VDCs have been collected on the format provided. The District Road Co-ordination Committees (DRCC) with the support of District Infrastructure and Agricultural Road Section (DIARS) fix the criteria based on large settlements linkage with high potential area for agriculture, horticulture, livestock production, business centre, market site, tourist attraction areas, agro based and cottage industries, as well as accessibility to health centres, and education facilities. In addition, the importance of the proposed or existing roads may strengthen the link with national highway or feeder roads. The feasibility of road linkages depend upon the socio-economical study, environmental and geological assessment. Feasible link roads are incorporated in district inventory map of rural road network. Draft perspective plan of district rural road network consists of existing and proposed road, and potential growth centre of the district. The plan is presented and discussed with District Development Committee (DDC). The draft district transport prospective plan has been prepared in consultation with the engineers of DDCs of the adjacent districts with the view to link inter District Transport System. The prioritisation of transport linkage of the district was carried out based on tentative investment per kilometre, social and environmental concern, traffic volume and serviceability of the road. The transport linkages mentioned in the perspective plan has been listed under the new construction, rehabilitation, upgrading and periodic maintenance categories. The transport linkages has been ranked on priority basis in consultation with DIARS engineer. The implementation schedule is prepared and is based on availability of fund.

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2.

DISTRICT PROFILE ANALYSIS

Bhaktapur, the smallest district of Nepal is one of the densely populated districts of Nepal. It is one of the oldest towns rich in art and culture. Several temples of Bhaktapur Municipality are of national and international importance. Bhaktapur is famous for wood carving and Bhadgaun cap. The city lies 12 km east of Kathmandu and can be reached by public transport. In the year 2053 B.S., Madhyapur Thimi municipality was formed amalgamating five village development committees viz. Bode, Nagadesh, Chapacho, Balkumari and Dibyaswori. Villages Nagarkot, Chhaling, Sudal, Tathali, Chittapol and Nangkhel are in hilly region whereas Balkot, Katunje, Thimi are emerging as satellite towns of Kathmandu valley. Arniko Highway, the main artery of the road network, bisects the district and provides access to several villages and emerging towns. Several motorable road of VDCs require reconstruction, upgrading and periodic maintenance. The transport master plan of the district in combination with the land use plan of Kathmandu valley should be prepared and implemented to develop the district in a planned, sustainable and coherent manner. In this chapter, a general overview of the district profile related to transport planning has been provided. The information provided here underlines and illustrates the finding and conclusions of the analysis regarding prioritisation of rural transport infrastructure and helps in making decisions for further development. 2.1.1 Location

Bhaktapur district is (12km east of Kathmandu) located in between northern longitude 27o 36' to 27o 44' and the eastern longitude of 85o 21' to 85o 32'. It comprises two (Bhaktapur and Madhyapur Thimi) municipalities and sixteen village development committees, covering an area of 12,816 ha. The Manohara river, Hanumante River, Mahadev Khola, Ghatte Khola, Khasyang Khusung Khola and Dhungre Khola are major rivers of the district. The district is16 km along east west and 11 km north south, is roughly circular in shape and can be reached within half an hour drive from Kathmandu. 2.1.2 Geophysiography

Bhaktapur located in between the Mahabharat lekh ranges from 1300 m to 1966 m in altitude with hills and low mountains. Several streams of the district join Manohara and Hanumante Khola. Manahara River collects the seasonal stream along northern and eastern border whereas Chakhu Khola, Kalka Khola, Sipadol Khola, Tabyakosi Khola, Khasyang Khusung Khola, Gundu Khola, Charkhande Chakhu Khola join into Hanumante Khola. Since the urbanisation is inevitable the DDC should take measures to control the pollution of these rivers at an initial stage. Geologically the north west areas of district viz. Saraswatikhel, Somthali, Gamphedi, VDC of Duwakot and Jhaukhel are fragmented, depressed with sand and clay cliff, prone to natural disaster and are not suitable for urban expansion. Such areas should be preserved and developed as agricultural areas. Telkot forest area, Bageswori reserved forest and dense mixed forest of Nankhel, Gundu and Chameli Danda need special protection from encroachment by increasing population. The geological formation of Mahabharat Range is composed of hard and soft strata. The flat terrain of Bhaktapur usually consists of alluvium, clay, boulders, gravels and sand. The mountains and hills are geologically formed from Tistung and Chandagiri formation. The Chandagiri formation generally is composed of light fine grained crystalline limestone, partly siliceous and thick to massively bedded white quartzite in upper parts. Wavy lime stones

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contain late Ordovician echinoderms. The Tistung formation along Telkot and Bageswori forest consists of green grey coloured phyllites, pink purplish, lined sand stone with sandy lime stone ripple marks, clay cracks and worm cracks. 2.1.3 Climate

The climatic condition of Bhaktapur district ranges from sub-tropical to variable temperate. The air temperature varies from 2.5oc in winter and 30oc in summer. The relative humidity ranges from 62 to 97 percent and vapour pressure average is 8.4 to 19.8 mb. Average rainfall in the district is 1850mm. Climatic condition of Bhaktapur Municipality differs from the climatic condition of Nagarkot due to rapid changes in topography.

2.2
2.2.1

DEMOGRPHIC AND SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS

Demography

Rapid changes in land prices and land transactions in Madhyapur Thimi Municipality, Balkot and Katunje have demonstrated the rapid urbanisation of Bhaktapur district. Annual growth rate of the district was 2.7 percent during 1971 and 1981 whereas the growth rate declined to 1.8 percent in between 1981 and 1991, but in 1991 to 2001 the annual growth remained 2.7 percent per annum. During the next five years, the population growth of Bhaktapur is expected to rise by around three percent per annum. The 1991 census data reflects that urban population is 35 percent of total population of Bhaktapur district. The scenario in 2001 is different since Madhyapur Thimi has been promulgated as Municipality in 1994 A.D. amalgamating Bode, Nagadesh, Chapacho (Bhimsen), Balkumari and Dibyaswori VDCs. The urban population density of 82 persons per hectare in 1981 had reached 103.2 persons per hectare in 1991. The total population of the district was about 1,72,952 in 1991 and it is 2,26,860 in 2001. The male and female population were fairly balanced. The total household of 28,160 in 1991 census data gives average house-hold size of 6:1. The settlement in rural areas are sparsely located whereas urban area has compact settlement. Majority of the people speak Newari followed by Nepali and Tamang languages. 2.2.2 Social Development

The economically active population in Bhaktapur district was about 69,766 in 1991 and projected economically active population is 75,181 in 2001. It includes the active population of ten years old and above. The major groups of economically active population are farmers, professionals, technicians, sales servicemen and labourers. Almost same number of population is economically inactive. The district data show that females share 27% in professional jobs and administrative work whereas share in income is only 9%. The life expectancy in the district is 56 year and adult literacy is 52 percent. The per capita income per annum is NRs. 9,922. 2.2.3 Health services

Essential health care services need to be provided to all people of the district. Poverty alleviation is only possible by increasing income through the participation of healthy manpower. Bhaktapur district has one district hospital with 50 beds, nine health posts and twelve sub-health posts. The district hospital is fully equipped with laboratory facilities with fifteen doctors and twenty five nurses providing their services. The patients of the district can reach within one hour to the health posts for their health problems. The major cases recorded by the hospital are gastroenteritis, pregnancy and gynae cases. Family planning is carried out through Depo, Pills and Norplant. Depo has been widely accepted as a part of family planning.

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2.2.4

Religious Centre and Heritage

Bhaktapur, the city of devotees, has emerged as Nepal's cultural capital. Because of the city's medieval architecture, its rich tradition of ancient music, handicrafts and ritual dance as well as its present renaissance vibrant Newar culture, Bhaktapur has been designated by UNESCO as World Heritage Site. Bhaktapur, the city of devotees, still retains its a medieval charm and visitors to this ancient town can witness the myriad wonders of cultural and artistic achievements. The past glory of Malla dynasty continues to be reflected at Durbar square. Pottery and weaving are its traditional industries. The golden gate is the entrance to the main court yard of the palace of 55 windows. Built by King Ranjit Malla, the gate is one of the most beautiful and richly carved specimens of its kind in the entire world. This gate is embellished with deities and monsters with marvellous intricacy. The palace was built in 1700 AD. Among the brick walls in their gracious setting and sculpture design is balcony of 55 windows. This balcony is a master piece of wood carving. The stone temple of Batsala Devi which is also located in the Durbar square is full of intricate carvings. This temple also sets a beautiful example of Shikhara style architecture in Nepal. The main square of city contains innumerable temples and other architectural show-pieces like lion gate, the statue of King Bhupatindra Malla, Batsala temple etc. A magnificent statue of King Bhupatindra Malla in the act of worship is placed on a column facing the palace. It was listed in the UNESCO World heritage Monument list in 1979. Nyatapola temple, a five storey pagoda was built in 1702 AD by King Bhupatindra Malla. It is one of the tallest pagodas and is famous for its massive structure and subtle workmanship.

2.3
2.3.1

SERVICE CENTRE
Overview

The service centres usually impart health , educational, communication and security services, as well as job opportunities to the people living within the rural and urban areas. The people living in a rural areas have to travel from one place to another to get the above mentioned services. Hence a good transport system is very necessary for the people to travel to the service centres. Most of the people prefer to live in town due to the availability of basic infrastructure facilities. Bhaktapur and Madhyapur Thimi are the main urban centres of the district. Kaushaltar, Gatthaghar, Balkot, Jagate and Suryabinyak are the emerging urban centres. Most of the new settlements are developed along the Manahara - Saga section of Arniko highway. Timely designation of Madhyapur Thimi into Municipality is the right step taken by the government with a view to manage the infrastructure facilities for the growing urban population. Potential rank of growth centre is based on following parameters. Detailed data collection regarding potentiality of growth centre is presented in Annex - C. Existing and Potential Rank of Growth Centre Existing Infrastructure Network I Linkage with major road Access to electricity Access to telephone High School/boarding College

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II

III

IV

VI

VII

Hospital/health post Government office facilities Access to banking facilities Central Location Central to at least 3-4 VDCs (3 VDCs for hills and 4 VDCs for Terai) Possible future linkage with other villages Potential for the Commercial Agriculture Access to irrigation facility Access to rural electricity Access to potential access to input/output marketing Potential for production of high valued cash crops/intensive agriculture Potential for the development of agro-based industries Possibility of commercial livestock expansion Closeness to service centers Potential for Non-agricultural Growth Potential for the development of cottage industries Potential for the development of small/large scale industries Potential for Market Development Rapidly growing towards marketing activities Connecting route to import business centers Connecting route to tourist areas Access to other market places Physical Setting of the Location Capacity to absorb settlement expansion Less prone to natural disasters Access or possibility for the access to sufficient water Potential future access to sewerage disposal Partnership Attitude of the People Mutual acceptance for the place by major political parties Readiness and support for peoples' participation at local level Interest and co-operation of the political bodies

Key growth centres of Bhaktapur district selected for district transport master plan are listed as follows: Bhaktapur Bhattedanda Thimi Telkot Bodegaon Kamalbinayak Kaushaltar Suryabinayak Lohakanthali Jagate Gatthaghar Saraswatikhel Katunje Changu Nankhel Nalinchowk Gamcha Tarkhagal Palase Thakalmath 2.3.2 Briefs on key growth centre

Bhaktapur Bhaktapur is the district headquarter and the main municipal town. It is one of the major three towns of Kathmandu valley. The town can be called Nepal's cultural capital rich in ancient handicraft and medieval architecture. Since Bhaktapur has been designated as World Heritage Site by UNESCO, every tourist coming to Nepal visit this place. Most of the roads are brick

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paved and ancient crafts, temples are preserved well within the town. A tourist visiting the town, feels it as an ancient city even today. Most of the government offices, hospital and colleges are located within the town. Thimi Thimi, an old urban settlement is situated 8 kilometer east of Kathmandu on the way to Bhaktapur. It is famous for earthen pots, home spun cotton cloth and artistic masks. Business activities in this town have slowed down after Arniko Highway bypassed the settlement. The extension of Tribhuvan International Airport had closed down the direct access of Kathmandu to Thimi. This is basically a fertile farming town and vegetables produced here is supplied to the urban population of Kathmandu. Recently, Madhyapur Thimi has planned to construct a by pass road of two kilometre from Tindhara to a point near Hukum Pharmaceutical in Madhyapur Thimi. Kaushaltar Kaushaltar is emerging as an urban settlement located between ward no. 15 and 16 of Madhyapur Thimi municipality. A ribbon type of mixed residential and commercial settlement along the highway is developing gradually. Gatthaghar This is another emerging satellite urban centre of Madhyapur Thimi Municipality bisected by Arniko Highway gradually developing as a market centre. Lohakanthali Lohakanthali located at ward No. 16 of Madhyapur has emerged as expanding urban area due to its proximity with Kathmandu. It is just one kilometre from Koteswor Chowk. Rapid urbanisation took place in this urban centre during last decade mainly due to expansion of urbanisation in Kathmandu. Balkot Balkot is one of the rapidly growing urban centre of Balkot VDC located near by Hanumante Khola. Its flat terrain is suitable for agriculture as well as for urban expansion. It is advised that the area hereby categorised into agricultural zone, residential zone, institutional/industrial zone and commercial zone developed in a planned way. Saraswatikhel This is a rural settlement (population 1500) of Duwakot VDC. The area is not suitable for urban expansion due to geological weak topographical feature. Landslides are prominent along the route from Rokagaun to Saraswatikhel. Local people have made concerted effort to rehabilitate the road. The settlement has access to road, electricity and telephone. Rokagaun The settlement has bituminous surfaced motor able access. Population of Rokagaun is about 700. South-west portion of Rokagaun settlement has weak topographical features. Gelalgaun

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This is the major settlement of Jhaukhel VDC accessible by bituminous road. Literacy rate is high in this village. Changunarayan High School has attracted several students from adjacent VDCs. The village has access to electricity and telephone services. About 961 persons reside in this village. Mixed ethnic group of Brahmin and Chhetri represent this rural settlement. Mandev Chutari and Jyotirlingeswor Mahadevsthan are the major religious spots nearby Gelalgaun. Changunarayan Changunarayan, an oldest temple of Nepal, is an attractive place for pilgrims and tourists. It is situated at the end of a long ridge which runs well into the valley. It is said to be oldest temple in the valley. The temple is supposed to be one of best specimen of Lichhavi architecture and was listed in UNESCO World Heritage monument list in 1979. The temple is located at the distance of six kilometre from Bhaktapur. The bituminous road to Changu need rehabilitation and some improvement in grade and curve is required. Pikhel Pikhel is densely populated area of Chhaling VDC along Bhaktapur - Changunarayan road which is located at about three and half kilometre away from Bhaktapur Municipality. Electricity and telephone services are available at this place. The population of Pikhel is about 800. Kharipati Kharipati is the major residential and commercial area located in between Chhaling and Bageswori VDCs. Police Station has been established in Kharipati with the view to provide security to the residence of this area. Electricity and telephone services are also available in this growing urban centre. In addition, location of banks as well as high schools in this locality reflects the potential for urban expansion. Telkot Telkot (Deuralibhanjyang) is a commercial centre located at saddle point of Telkot reserved forest. Roads to Changu, Bhattedanda and Gausuli commence from this saddle. Jitpur Jitpur is the compact settlement area of the Sudal Village Development Committee. Its location is nearby Sudal or Bageswori VDCs. The settlement lacks good transportation system.

Thankalmath Ring road passes through Thankalmath rural settlement, central to Bageswori VDC and Sudal VDC. The rural settlement has capacity to absorb more settlement. There is mutual cooperation among various political parties in this settlement for development works. Saudol Saudel is one of the agriculturally productive areas of Bhaktapur District. It is popular for potato production and average farmer sells about two hundred thousand rupees worth of potato each year. The farmers have formed Guthi for the welfare of the society. Deujagaun

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Deujagaun is the densely populated settlement of Chitpol VDC located just 250 metre from Arniko Highway. Telephone, electricity and schooling facilities reflect potentiality of the further rural settlement. Nankhel Nankhel, dense Newar settlement located at the foot hill of densely mixed forest is accessible by motorable road. The road access of about one and half kilometre from Bhatdhikuro has to be improved. The Nankhel VDC has given top priority to improve Palase, Nankhel section of Bhaktapur ring road. It lacks several infrastructure facilities. Nayathimi This is an urban settlement developed along highway after the opening of Arniko Highway. Although, it is not desired by urban and transport planner, ribbon type of residential and commercial areas have developed along the highway as people prefer residence with easy access to the highway. The movement of vehicles in this area is slow due to traffic congestion. The road section from Sallaghari to Koteswor can be termed as urban road rather than the highway. Nayathimi has been expanded towards Gamcha settlement. In future, this settlement if developed with proper planning, can be a new urban centre. The location of regional SAARC Tuberculosis Hospital has further strengthened its potentiality to develop as residential cum commercial centre. Katunje Unique topography preferred by elite groups of Kathmandu as residence area prompted its expansion. High land price and frequent land transaction justifies the above fact. Banchaur of Katunje can be developed as residence area in future. The route Lubu, Sirutar, Gamcha, Katunje need widening and improvement for the short cut access to Lubu. Areas along highway has been rapidly growing into residential cum commercial area. Katunje, the emerging urban centre has access to electricity, telephone and possesses good transport system. Gamcha This is an residential cum commercial area of Dadhikot VDC. While travelling from Lubu, the farmers used this route to Bhaktapur via Gamcha. Dadhikot VDC office and several retail shops are located in this settlement. Land prices along the road is six hundred to seven hundred thousand per ropani where as the value of land is three hundred to four hundred rupees inside the main road. Each day about two full trucks of vegetables and about 300 litres of milk are transported to Kathmandu from Dadhikot VDC. Gamcha is the trade centre of Dadhikot VDC. Bodegaun Bodegaun, linked by major road is one of the compact settlement of Madyapur Thimi Municipality located nearby Manohara Khola. The road from Thimi to Mulpani passes near by this settlement. The citizen of Bodegaun have to improve the sanitation condition of their areas through local club or community participation approach. Electricity, telephone services are available. There is a primary school inside core area of Bodegaun.

2.4

EXISTING TRANSPORT CONDITION

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2.4.1

Accessibility

Bisecting the district from Lokanthali to Saga, Arniko Highway is the main artery of the district. The highway has provided access to several VDCs such as Balkot, Dadhikot, Katunje, Sipadol, Nankhel, Chittapol, along with Madhyapur Thimi and Bhaktapur Municipalities. The feeder road from Sallaghari to Nagarkot also provides access to Bageswori, Sudal and Chhalin VDCs. These main strategic roads network maintained by Department of Roads has provided all weathered bituminous surfaced road inside the district. The old route to Bhaktapur, via Sinamangal and Thimi is also a parallel road to Bhaktapur from Kathmandu, although the extension of Tribhuvan International Airport has greatly minimized the traffic flow. The Bhaktapur district roads lacked planning at initial stage. Mostly, the existing trails are developed into motor able roads. As a result, most of the existing roads lack proper geometric design and appropriate right of way. Many villagers and farmers do not wish to contribute their valuable lands for construction or extension of roads. Land prices have gone up and real state owners have occupied several ropanies of land for future urban development. The trend of following the previous trail and converting it to seasonal road and gravel road is the general conventional procedure for road development in Bhaktapur. There are some innovative planning procedures for road development in Bhaktapru district. Libali land pooling scheme has been started in 678 ropanis of land in ward No. 2 of Bhaktapur Municipality. Such schemes need to be further promoted and facilitated by the District Development Committee in co-ordination with Department of Building and Urban Development, District Office. It took six years to complete Libali Urban Development Scheme, however, the people at large have benefited from the project. There is another simple way of road improvement and land development through proper guided land development activity where each land owner contribute some portion of the land for the road. This methodology can be applied in partially built up areas. All VDCs of the have access to the strategic roads network. However, the existing roads need to be widened, gravelled and maintained with proper side drains, cross drainage and other related structures. 2.4.2 Trading routes.

Arniko Highway that links Kathmandu with Chinese border connects market centers Thimi, Banepa and Dhulikhel including Bhaktapur Municipality. As a result, traffic congestion is experienced particularly along the road section between Sallaghari, Bhaktapur to Koteswor, Kathmandu. Mixing of traffic on major roads decreases efficiency of road use and increases the traffic accident The feeder road that links Bhaktapur and tourist center Nagarkot has been constructed mainly to attract national as well as international tourists. The bituminous road has provided easy access to VDCs along the route. Ring road of Bhaktapur that passes through Village Development Committees need rehabilitation, widening and reconstruction. DDC has given priority for maintenance and rehabilitation of ring road. Bhaktapur-Changu road provide access to the temple Changunarayan. The improved transportation system to the temple enhances the flow of pilgrims and tourist as well. Thimi road acts as an alternate route to Kathmandu from Bhaktapur. Thimi is an intermediate town in between Kathmandu and Bhaktapur. Rapid urbanization is expected to take place in the area. The road may be upgraded to higher design standard with at least two-lane carriageway considering the anticipated future traffic growth. Lack of permanent bridge in Manohara river has drastically reduced the traffic flow along the route.

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2.4.3

Existing roads

Road inventory survey was conducted by the consultant to identify the existing problems and issues on the traffic and road network in Bhaktapur District. The inventory includes length, width of carriage way, shoulder, side walk, right of way, pavement condition, culvert, width, length and present condition of the roads. Status of roads in Bhaktapur district is presented in detail in Annex A. 2.4.4 Roads under DOR

The two government institutions look after the roads of Bhaktapur district. Strategic road network, (highway and feeder roads) including major bridges are explicitly planned, constructed and maintained by Department of Roads, Ministry of Physical Planning and Works, whereas district roads, village roads, trail improvement, suspension bridges and small bridges are maintained by the District Development Committee. Department of Roads still does take care of minor urban road and village roads due to their long experience and technical capabilities in managing the urban roads as well as village roads. Local self governance act, 2055 has fully authorized DDC for the management of infrastructure within the District. It is expected that gradual transfer of responsibility from DoR to DDC will take place for maintenance, expansion, rehabilitation and reconstruction of district roads, urban roads, village roads. 2.4.5 Agriculture profile

Valuable agricultural land in the district is rapidly being converted into building sites. By the year 2020, all prime land of Bhaktapur will be urbanized at current rate of expansion. From a policy perspective, valuable agricultural land should be preserved for as long as possible and valley food sufficiency should be encouraged. In order to reduce the loss of prime agricultural land, the following steps are recommended: I) II) III) identify agricultural areas where urbanization is inevitable. identify priority agricultural areas requiring protection. develop land use regulation with approved district transport master plan.

DDC authorities must now determine their future vision of Bhaktapur transport development and establish appropriate plans and programs, implementation arrangement to fully utilize the district rural versus urban expansion. Transport master plan as suggested should be implemented as soon as possible based on development principle of the district. Bhaktapur is one of the most fertile areas of the country. These fertile land have been encroached due to urban expansion. After the opening of Sindhuli - Dhulikhel road, the urban expansion shall be even faster. Hence, the District Development Committee conserve productive land and forest. Agriculture is the main source of income in Bhaktapur district and about ninety percent of people earn livelihood from it. The main agricultural products, paddy, wheat, maize, vegetables, potato etc are marketed in Kathmandu and Lalitpur. Fifty percent of agricultural land is low farm land and remaining are upland fallow land. Paddy and wheat are the major crops of Bhaktapur District. Generally, wheat is planted right after the paddy crop is harvested. Upland is suitable for maize, mustard, wheat and ginger. The major vegetable producing areas are Bode, Balkumari, Nagadesh, Chapacho, Lokanthali, Sipadole and Nankhel. Table 2.4.5: Agricultural products in metric tons per hectare.

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S.No. 1.

Crops Crops Paddy Wheat Maize Millet Barley Cash Crops Potatoes Mustard Others Vegetable

Area (ha) 4700 4050 2100 160 20 925 305 2850

Production (ha) 23,500 12,150 6,300 200 32 13,875 259 42,750

Productivity (MT/ha) 5.0 3.0 3.0 1.25 1.6 15.0 0.85 15.0

2.

3.

Source: District Agriculture Office, Bhaktapur

Paddy production area are Bhaktapur and Madhyapur Thimi, Taukhel, Chhaling, Bageswori, Katunje, Gundu, Dadhikot, Sirutar, Nankhel, Chitapol, Bode, Lokahanthali, Balkot, Tathali, Sipadol, Duwakot. The wheat producing areas are Nagarkot, Chhaling, Bageswori, Changu, Jhaukhel, Sipadol, Tathali, Sudal, Nankhel, Chitpol, Gundu, Dadhilot, Sirutar, Katunje, Balkot, Duwakot, Bode, Chapacho and Bhaktapur and Madhyapur Thimi Municipality. Likewise, major maize producing area are Bageswori, Nagarkot, Chhaling, Changu, Tathali, Sudal, Nankhel, Chitapol, Gundu and Sirutar. Millet is mainly produced in Changu, Chhaling, Nagarkot, Sudal and Tathali. In the same way, cash crops mustard and potatoes are produced in Changu, Chhaling, Balkot, Nankhel, Duwakot Sirutar, Katunje and Gundu. The cropping pattern applied by the farmers, are usually, paddy-wheat, paddy-potato, paddy-vegetables, maize-vegetables, maize-mustard and maize millet. Market is essential for the farmers to sell their products. The farmers usually sell potato, onion, garlic and ginger for their livelihood. The main vegetable market centres, in Kathmandu and Lalitpur are Ranamukteswor, Kalimati Bazar, Asan, Bir Hospital area, Naya Baneswor, Koteswor, Purano Baneswor, Lagankhel and Mangal Bazar.

2.5

INDUSTRIAL PROFILE

It is not possible to expand economic activities of a district without establishing the industries. Though the government has improved policy and institutional arrangements through industrial act 1992, industrial enterprise act 1992, foreign investment policy and company act, existing and new manufacturing industries are not flourishing in the country. Likewise, carpet and woollen spinning industries are not in good shape. According to the District Cottage and Small Industry Office, there are 97 rural and cottage industries and 169 small scale industries registered in Bhaktapur District. The number of persons employed in these industries are about 6,500 as per the data of 1996 A.D. Agriculture Development Bank, Nepal has invested fifty million rupees in different sub sectors of agriculture, cereal production, marketing, agricultural tools, irrigation, cottage industries and live stocks. Industries are mainly of two types; production and service oriented. Majority of employees are engaged in productive industries rather than in services. Around eighty five percent jobs come from production oriented industries. Classification of industry in the district S. No. Industry 1. Carpet and woollen spinning 2. Feed 3. Forest based 4. Constructive materials 5. Textile

Total Numbers 21 13 26 6 20

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6. 7. 8. 9.

Ceramics Agriculture Constructive occupation Others Total:

9 10 42 74 221

Source: District Profile, DDC

2.6
2.6.1

EXISTING TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM AND OTHER SERVICES

Transportation

Bhaktapur has good quality of transportation network. About 15 km of Arniko Highway bisects the district providing accessibility to several village development committees where as feeder road from Sallaghari serves the tourist spot Nagarkot. The other major district roads are Ring Road, Bhaktapur-Changunarayan, Bhaktapur-Nala Road, Lubu-Katunje Road, ByasitoleChangu Road. Urban roads of Bhaktapur and Madhyapur Thimi Municipality are maintained and rehabilitated by Department of Roads and Municipality. The major urban roads of Madhyapur Thimi Municipality are Manohara Sallaghari Road, Nayathimi Bode Road and Gathaghar Sanothimi Road. The other major roads of Bhaktapur Municipality are urban roads inside core area of Bhaktapur bazaar, Guhe Pokhari Link Road, Pasikhel Road, Chyamasingh Tathali, Muldhoka Chyamasingh, Muldhoka Sudal, Hanumanghat Jagati, Bysi Jhaukhel, Indrayani Byesi. The Municipality has demarcated the right of way ifor the urban roads.with view to save the road from encroachment. The district has 15 km of Arniko Highway, 23 km of Nagarkot Feeder Road, 87 km of District Roads, 175 km of Village Roads and 15 km of Urban roads. There are only 82 km of bituminous and 23 km of gravel roads within the district. DDC has planned for upgrading and improvement of several roads of the district gradually. 2.6.2 Communication

There is one major district post office and 11 regional division and 63 regional post offices within Bhaktapur municipality. The Bhaktapur telecommunication office has 4,000 capacity namely, Bhaktpur EWSD 792 capacity, Thimi EWSD 3,991, Nagarkot C-Dot, 150 lines, of which Bhaktapur exchange has distributed 3,844 telephone lines, Bhaktapur EWSD 543 lines, Thimi EWSD 3,759 and Nagarkot C-Dot has distributed 86 lines. The total revenue collected from telecommunication service was approximately NRs.11.8 million rupees during the fiscal year 2056/057. 2.6.3 Electricity

Bhaktapur is fully electrified all over the district. The main source of power for electrification are Khimti and Sunkoshi hydropower stations. The system is connected with national grid. The Bhaktapur and Thimi sub-stations distribute electricity to the district via Nalinchowk, Nagadesh, Sallaghari feeder stations. 2.6.4 Banking and Finance

The district has eight commercial banks in total, seven of which are purely commercial and one is agricultural development bank. Agricultural Development Bank has contributed the upliftment of the rural poor by supporting small irrigation, livestock development and forest rehabilitation programs.

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3.

DISTRICT TRANSPORT PLANNING

This is clear that the resources available are limited and are insufficient to meet all the demands. Hence optimum utilisation of the scarce resources is the order of the day. Technically and economically sound transport links should be selected for planning, construction, rehabilitation and maintenance. The projects should be carefully selected in light of the overall development of the district. During the formulation of transportation plan, it is to collect data on all factors that are likely to influence travel pattern. The work involves number of surveys related to technical data, rapid rural appraisal survey on socio-economic benefits of the existing transport linkages, environmentally sensitive areas and social environmental concerned so as to have an inventory of existing travel pattern and possible new linkages. Since travel characteristics are closely related to the pattern, it is important that an accurate inventory of land use be prepared. While preparing the plan the influence of road linkages on residential, commercial, institutional and forest zones has to be considered. For this purpose land use plan and road network plan for Kathmandu valley prepared by Department of Building and Urban Development is also refered Some of the data pertaining to economic activities has been collected from the census data of 1991. A careful analysis of the census data has been done to fill for the missing data from the questionnaire. The consultant has carefully studied the data before they are put in to use. The population data helps in the estimation of the future trip making behaviour. Population maps indicating the density, school enrolment, institutional population and social factors have facilitated presentation of results and better understanding of existing travel pattern.

3.1

POPULATION AND ITS IMPACT

The population of Bhaktapur district was 1,72,952 in 1991 A.D. and it is 2,26,860 in 2001 A.D. The figures indicate the population growth by 2.7 percent, which is slightly greater than the national population growth of 2.2 percent per annum. The figures indicate that transport system of Bhaktapur need upgrading and improvement rather than extension while selecting, assessing, screening and grading of a particular road. It is imperative to examine the services it provides to large settlements, neighbourhoods or a small rural settlements. Population per kilometre served has been taken as a parameter for the assessment. Table 3.1 Population Projection (2001 - 2006) of Bhaktapur district
S. No VDC/Municipality Area (Ha) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Bageswori Balkot Bhaktapur Municipality Changu Narayan Chhaling Chitpol Dadhikot Duwakot Gundu Jhaukhel Katunje MadhypurThimi Muni. Nagarkot Nankhel 892 271 645 705 955 482 669 698 741 452 443 1127 1018 831 1991 Census H/H 772 819 9213 879 1120 819 1031 895 866 903 1036 5006 655 769 Population 4442 4816 61122 4915 6782 4686 5811 5161 4775 5424 6127 31774 3501 4556 2001 Census H/S 916 1425 12395 1097 1491 1003 1363 1176 1085 1200 2486 9817 808 933 Population 4917 7480 72587 5674 7665 5433 7287 6666 5945 6792 13846 48567 4236 5471 *Projected Population 2006 H/H Population 1062 1652 14369 1272 1728 1163 1580 1363 1258 1391 2882 11381 937 1082 5700 8671 84148 6578 8886 6298 8448 7728 6892 7874 16051 56302 4911 6342

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S. No

VDC/Municipality

Area (Ha)

1991 Census H/H 796 648 1083 752 28062 Population 4563 3899 6065 4533 172952

2001 Census H/S 1449 4490 1345 1066 45545 Population 7052 4490 7088 5664 226860

*Projected Population 2006 H/H Population 1680 5205 1559 1236 52799 8175 5205 8217 6566 262993

15 16 17 18

Sipadol Sirutar Sudal Tathali Total:

1143 123 758 863 12816

* Population growth during the year 2001-2006 is assumed by three percent per annum

3.2

AGRICULTURAL RESOURCE POTENTIALITY

The selection of route depends upon the agricultural products, horticulture and livestock productions of the area served. Usually, it is cumbersome process to quantify the exact value of agricultural production, however, it measures the potentiality of the link. The District Agricultural Development Office has also separately assessed and reported to District Development Committee regarding the improvement of road links on the ground of agricultural production and marketing of the same. Following are the major agriculture resource potential areas of Bhaktapur district that need road linkages for the effective transportation of agricultural products as advised by District Agriculture Office. Sipadol village development committee, ward No. 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 Nuhiti, west of Magargaun, Madhyapur Thimi ward No. 5 Jhaukhel ward No. 8, Dokhati Phant Sudal ward No. 3, Tathali VDC office area Phedi, Nagarkot ward No. 3 Chitapol and Tathali road Gundu ward No. 7 and Saune Dhol ward No. 7 Madhyapur Thimi Municipality ward No. 4 and Chhaling ward No. 5 Bode, Nagadesh and Chapacho Sipadol and Katunje

It is essential for District Development Committee Bhaktapur to prepare the land use plan and implement the same. Several land use plan of Kathmandu valley has not been successfully implemented due to lack of commitment of administrative and political body. Valuable agricultural land can only be protected if land use plan is strictly implemented and followed.

3.3

POTENTIALITY OF GROWTH CENTRE

Potentiality of a settlement depends upon the population, policy station, education institution, health centre, trade centre, agricultural productions, banking facilities and commitment and cooperation of the local people for development works (for detailed data refer Annex-C for service centres). Bhaktapur is the headquarter of the district where as Thimi is the centre for agricultural products. Central location and suitability of terrain for drainage system has attracted the local people to settle down in these urban centres earlier. Katunje, is being developed as potential residential area due to accessibility to Arniko Highway and superior view point of Kathmandu valley.

3.4

BRIEFS ON EXISTING ROAD AND REQUIRED INTERVENTIONS

District Transport Master Plan has not taken into consideration the Arniko National Highway, Nagarkot feeder road and urban roads within Madhyapur Thimi Municipality and Bhaktapur

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Municipality. Most of the strategic road networks and major urban roads are planned, designed constructed, maintained and monitored by DoR. 3.4.1 Bhaktapur Ring Road

The concept of Bhaktapur ring road had been developed by District Development Committee keeping in view the long term road network development of the District. The ring road passes through almost all VDCs and Madhyapur Municipality. The approximate length of the road is 53 km. The ring road starts from Lohakanthali and passes through Sanothimi, Magargaon, Tigni, Saraswatikhel, Khadkadil, Gelalgaon, Sangdaha, Indreko Kholsa, Nyachopauwa, Pauwa, Telkot, Muhanpokhari, Banpandheri, Chareli, Mahamanjushri, Khawa, Kharidol, Khulalgaon, Bhangal, Dipendra Police School (Sanga), Palanse, Nangkhel, Taudol, Paukhel, Suryabinayak, Gundu, Tarkhagal, Biruwa, Sumelgaon, Sirutar, Balkot, Kaishaltar. Although some stretches of road are bituminous surfaced, the present road condition demonstrates that earth cutting, construction of cross drainage structures, drainage system, retaining structures, gravelling and upgrading works have to be carried out on priority and phase wise manner. The brief description of ring road has been carried out dividing it into eight different stretches keeping in view with the planning, implementation of plans and programs in future. After the rehabilitation of ring road, the local population will be able to transport their agricultural products to the major markets of Bhaktapur and Kathmandu and will have effortless access to fertilizers, agricultural seeds etc. from the market. In the long term, the tourism and other industries will also be benefited as well. The construction of ring road has long been initiated by DDC and substantial amount of fund is allocated for planning, construction and maintenance of the road. It is recommended to carry out detailed study of the ring road separately and the investment on the ring road should be carefully analyzed based on the travel pattern, travel demand, trip making behaviour and relation between population, employment and economic assessment. The brief description of the ring road is as follow. a. Lohakanthali - Sanothimi - Saraswatikhel - Gelalgaun

The road stretch passes through Lokanthali, Sanothimi, Magargaon, Tigni, Saraswatikhel, Khadkagaon and Gelalgaon. Out of 8.25 km length of road, 3 km of road is black toped, 1.3 km of road is gravelled and remaining 3.95 km is earthen. The black topped road has to be routinely maintained, the gravel road has to be upgraded and earthen section of road needs new cross drainage structures and retaining structures. The road passes along the cultivated land and residential areas. The road from Lokanthali to Bodegaun is in good state, however, gravel road are narrow along Bodegaun, Magargaun and it is expected that the Madhyapur Thimi Municipality maintains the designated right of way, 11 m from the center of the road to accommodate the growth. Geometric parameter of the road, specially, the horizontal curves and grades are not in good shape. The earthen road from Tighi to Rokagaun via Saraswatikhel needs complete rehabilitation. Particularly slope failure, erosion are noted along the Saraswatikhel to Khadkagaun road section. The section from Rokagaun to Gelalgaun is partially graveled and bitumen surfaced. The concerted efforts made by DDC for rehabilitate of Saraswatikhel to Rokagaun section is noteworthy, However DDC should seek technical advise from DoR to rehabilitate erosion prone areas.

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b.

Gelalgaun - Sangdaha - Pauwa - Telkot

The road section from Gelalgaun to Sangdaha is partially graveled and some stretches need complete new construction. It is advisable to maintain the right of way to prevent the encroachment along the road. Some improvement on off-road structures particularly along Sangdaha to Indrekokholsa, are extremely necessary. The ring road from Indrekokholsa to Nyachopauwa falling under Bhaktapur Changunarayan Road is bituminous. Pauwa - Telkot section of the road that passes through Telkot reserved forest is susceptible to landslides and soil erosion. It lacks off-road structures and is impassable during rainy season. The stretch Pauwa to Telkot passes mostly through forest and avoids the rural settlement. c. Telkot - Muhanpokhari - Banpadheri Khawa

The road section of about 6.5 km in length passes through Telkot, Muhanpokhari, Banpandheri, Chareli and Khawa. Out of 6.5 km length of road, 1.8 km of road is black topped falling under Nagarkot feeder road and remaining 4.70 km is earthen. The road stretch under Nagarkot feeder road is maintained by DoR. Earthen road section necessitates several cross drainage structures, retaining structures and a minor bridge While the road passes along the hilly terrain, substantial amount of earthwork is needed to upgrade and widen the road. The road from Muhanpokhari to Banpadheri is partially gravelled earthen road where as the section from Muhanpokhari to Khawa runs along the foot hills of the Bageswori reserved forest. The section from Muhanpokhari to Khawa needs geometric improvement and improvement of existing road and off-road structures. It is advisable to carry out the detailed design of the road and carry out the improvement work in phase wise manner. The road development provides all essential infrastructure facilities in rural area and discourage the migration of rural people to the urban centres as well. d. Khawa Sanga

The road stretch commences from Khawa passing through Kharidol, Khulalgaon and Bhangal ends at Dipendra Police School, Sanga along Arniko Highway. Out of 6.6 km of road, 3 km of road is gravelled and the remaining 3.6 km is narrow earthen road. The road requires several cross drainage structures and retaining structures. It passes mostly along the forest area of hilly terrain necessitating substantial amount of the earthwork to upgrade and widen the road. The road serves several rural settlements along with the accessibility to the agricultural products. e. Sanga - Palanse

The Road stretch commences from Dipendra Police School, Sanga and Palanse passing along the Arniko Highway. The approximate length of this road stretch is 2.15 km. The road falls entirely under Arniko Highway and it is recently rehabilitated and maintained by Department of Roads. f. Palanse - Suryabinayak

The road stretch from Palanse via Nangkhel, Taudol, Paukhel and Suryabinayak is 7.5 km in length. The road is very narrow along approximately 3 km of length, where existing right of way is not sufficient to widen the road and encroachment is noticed. The earthen road requires several cross drainage structures and retaining structures. The substantial amount of earthwork is needed to upgrade and widen the road. g. Suryabinayak Biruwa

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The road stretch from Suryabinayak via Gundu, Tarkhagal and Biruwa is approximately 7.25 km in length. Out of 7.25 km, 0.35 km is black toped and remaining portion of road is earthen. The road from the bridge (border of Gundu VDC) to Biruwa approx. 3.10 km in length, is narrow and passes through hilly terrain necessitates improvement in grade and geometry of road. Substantial amount of earthwork and off road structure is necessary in this portion of road. h. Biruwa Lohakanthali

The all weather road stretch starting from Biruwa via Sumelgaon, Sirutar, Balkot, Kaushaltar Lokanthali (6.75 km) passes through cultivated land and the residential areas. Out of 6.75 km length of road, 3.1 km is blacktop and remaining 3.65 km is low quality gravel road and needs rehabilitation. The section of road from Kaushaltar to Lokanthali, (0.50 km) falls within the Arniko Highway. This stretch of road needs additional cross drainage structures. The regular public bus service available at Biruwa serves the people from Lalitpur as well as from Kavrepalanchowk districts. 3.4.2 Bastakoti Chowk Khadkadil

The road starts from Bastakoti Chowk of Madhyapur Municipality that passes through Barudkhana, Pipalbot (Duwakot VDC office) ends at Khadkagaon. The approximate length of the road is 3.40 km. The blacktop road needs routine maintenance. It provides services to the local people as well as to the students from Nepal Engineering College. 3.4.3 Byansitole Gelalgaon

The road starts from Byansitole of Bhaktapur Municipality and passing through Kamalpokhari, Hanumantar VDC office (Jhaukhel) ends at Gelalgaon. Out of 3.75 km of road, 0.95 km is black toped and 2.80 km is gravel road. The road connects the VDC office of Jhaukhel with the district headquarter at one end and the ring road on the other. It provides transportation services to Kathmandu and major urban centres of Bhaktapur. 3.4.4 Mahakalichowk - Pakunepati - Changunarayan

The road linking Bhaktapur Municipality with the famous Changunarayan Temple (6.25 km) is mostly black toped require routine and periodic maintenance. The road starts from Bhaktapur municipality and passes through the border of Jhaukhel and Chhaling VDCs and ends at Changunarayan. The road with carriageway width of 3 m and pavement width of 5 m needs improvement on off road structures. The road serves the local farmers to transport their agricultural products to the market. It facilitates the movement of people from Bhaktapur to Sanghu via Changunarayan. The road passes along the hilly terrain necessitating the improvement of cross drainage and side drainage system. 3.4.5 Chyamasingh (Bhaktapur) Amaldol (Nala)

The route linking Bhaktapur and Nala starts from Chyamasingh of Bhaktapur municipality and passes through Sudal, Tathali and ends at Amaldol, border of Bhaktapur and Kavre districts. The road consists of 3 km blacktop, 1.5 km gravel and 1.7 km earthen road. Blacktop road needs routine maintenance where as gravel mixed earthen road needs to be upgraded to gravel road standard. The road needs a minor bridge, cross drainage structures, side drainage structures and retaining structures. It is categorised as district road as it joins two districts. The road links Kavrepalanchowk and Sidhupalanchowk Districts facilitate the transportation of agricultural products.

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3.4.6

Bramhayani Kalamasi

The road from Bramhayani Bridge to Kalamasi via Nyabu, Baniyatole, Dedheko Pipalbot, Tukucha Simana (Kavre) is approximately 8.67 km. Out of which, 2 km is gravel road and the remaining 6.67 km is earthen road. The road passing along the plain and hilly terrain serves several rural settlements. The road needs some cross drainage structures, side drain structures and the retaining structures. The road also serves for the transportation of agricultural products from Kavrepalanchowk District. 3.4.7 Chakrapanichowk (Katunje) Lubu

The road starts from Chakrapanichowk (Katunje) of Arniko Highway and passing through Gamcha, Dadhikot, Sirutar. . The approximate length of the road is 6 km out of which 1.65 km blacktop, 2 km and 2.35 km earthen road. The blacktop road needs routine maintenance where as gravel and earthen road needs upgrading.. The road needs a bridge of approx. length 15 m with some cross drainage structures, side drain structures and retaining structures. The road passes along the rolling terrain connecting Bhaktapur district and Lalitpur District. It serves to transport agricultural products from local areas and Lalitpur District to major cities of Bhaktapur and Kathmandu.

3.5

PRIORITY OF ROADS

Selection procedure was carried out based on the survey data and recommendation made by DRCC, DIARS and VDCs in August 2001. The priority of the road was based on the criteria established by DoLIDAR to screen and grade transport linkage. Most of the urban roads of Bhaktapur and Madhyapur Thimi municipalities are being constructed and maintained by municipalities and Department of Roads. The priority of the urban roads under the respective municipalities are collected and attached in the report. Roads under strategic roads network are not considered in the district transport plan. The roads under DoR are planned, studied and implemented separately. District Development Committee is responsible for planning, constructing and upgrading of district and village roads. The roads of Bhaktapur district are classified into National Strategic Roads, Urban roads, District roads, Village roads and Prospective Village Roads. There are many existing routes in the district which can be developed as the potential tourist road. Such routes are Bramhayani Gauspul Nyabu Sudal Tukucha Kalamasi Mahadevpokhari, Suryabinayak Phulchowki trekking route (Suryabinayak Mandir - Silamgal Gundu Ranikot Pokharithumko Lakuribhanjhyang Phulchowki), Nagarkotphedi Telkotdanda Changu etc. The list of the roads in Bhaktapur district is summarised as follow, but the list is not limited. Other road linkages can be referred from the annex-5.

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Table 3.5
S.No. 1. 2.

List of Roads in Bhaktapur District

Road Description Road Code H-03 F-28 Remarks

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

7. 8. 9. 10. 11.

1.

List of Strategic Road Networks Arniko Highway (Manohara Sanga) Nagarkot Feeder Road (Sallaghari Nagarkot) List of Urban Roads Bhaktapur Municipality Urban Roads (Bhaktapur Municipality) Kamalbinyak Jagati Trolleybus stop Suryabinayak Sallaghari Hospital Byasitole Hakukohiti- Brahmhadippul Ganesh Middle High School Arniko Highway Muldhoka - Sudal Brahmayani - Gauspul Kharipati Chhaling border Madhyapur Thimi Municipality Nayathimi Puranothimi Bode Mulpani Manohara Thimi Sallaghari Gathaghar Sanothimi Arniko Highway (west of Kshayarog center) Sidhhikali Mandir Old Road (Bahakha Bazar) Kaushaltar Tersatar Sanothimi Arniko Highway (Peppermint factory) via Rajkulo road Old Road (Logo Industry) Sititar Bodechowk Bahakha bazaar Sanutar (Bode) Manohara Bridge (Mulpani VDC) Sanothimi (S.O.S.) Dhunchepakha - Milroad Sanutar Chowk (Bode) Duwakot VDC Dhunchechowk (Nagdesh) Manohara (Gothatar) Arniko Highway (near Manohara bridge) Road of water supply project Tikathali (Budhathokigaon) List of District Road Bhaktapur Ring Road a) LohakanthaliSanothimiMagargaonTigni SaraswatikhelKhadkagaonGelalgaon b) Gelalgaon Sangdaha Indreko Kholsa Nyachopauwa Pauwa Telkot c) Telkot Muhanpokhari Ban Pandheri Chareli Khawa d) Khawa Kharidol Khulalgaon Bhangal Sanga (Dipendra Police School) e) Sanga (Dipendra Police School) Palanse f) Palanse Nangkhel Taudol Paukhel Suryabinayak g) Suryabinayak Gundu Tarkhal Biruwa h) Biruwa Sumelgaon Sirutar Balkot Kaushaltar Lohakanthali Mahakali Chowk Pakunepati Changunarayan Bastakoti Chowk Khadka Gaon

UR UR UR UR UR UR UR UR UR UR UR UR UR UR UR

Bhaktapur Municipality Bhaktapur Municipality Bhaktapur Municipality Bhaktapur Municipality Bhaktapur Municipality Bhaktapur Municipality Bhaktapur Municipality Bhaktapur Municipality Bhaktapur Municipality Madhyapur Municipality Madhyapur Municipality Madhyapur Municipality Madhyapur Municipality Madhyapur Municipality Madhyapur Municipality

UR UR UR UR UR

Madhyapur Municipality Madhyapur Municipality Madhyapur Municipality Madhyapur Municipality Madhyapur Municipality

26A001R
26A001R 26A001R

Passes through different VDCs of Bhaktapur District

26A001R 26A001R 26A001R 26A001R 26A001R

2. 3.

26A002R 26A003R

Changunarayan Duwakot

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S.No. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 1. 2.

Road Description Byansitole VDC Office (Jhaukhel) Gelal Gaon Chyamasingh (Bhaktapur) Amaldol (Nala) Bramhayani Nyabu Dedheko Pipalbot Tukucha Simana Kalamasi Chakrapani Chowk Gamcha Lubu Poukhel (VDC office, Sipadol) Aadarshachowk Balkot School (VDC Chowk) Sundarnagar (Arniko Highway) Pauwa Salambutar (Sankhu) Subidhanagar Pagaritole Healthpost VDC Office (Bageswori) Charghare Sanga Kakrabari Ashapuri List of Perspective District Roads Jorpati (Arniko Highway) via Chitpol Tathali Health post Sallaghari Mahakalchowk (Duwakot) VDC Office (Jhaukhel) Lakila Pakunepati Nateswori Kharipati Pagaritole Lamichhanegaon Sudal Police station (Nyabu) - Kharkapul List of Village Roads Barudkhana Phaidhoka Saraswatikhel Phaidhoka Rokagaon (Rupathali) Kamalpokhari Lakila Pakunepati Gelalgaon Dahalgaon Pikhel VDC Office (Jhaukhel) MahankalChowk (Duwakot) Nyachopauwa Halchhap Sangdaha Mulpani Nyachopauwa Khoriyagaon Mangaltar Telkot Pikhel (Nateswori) Kharipati VDC Office (Chhaling) Damaikholsa Telkot Gaonsuli Kharipati Manakamana Mandir Telkot Gairigaon Bhattedanda Gadgade (Sun Rise Hotel) Bhattedanda Laptandanda Manikarnikaghat Healthpost Bhatkekopati Jitpur Mahamanjushri Bansbari Dandagaon Jitpur Kharkapul Nyabu Kharkapul Halalgaon Maheshwori Ghat - Devi Highschool (Saudol) Nalinchowk Saudol Phaidhoka Jorpati Puwargaon Dahalgaon - Bhangal Jorpati Karkigaon Kaldaha Nangkhel Chamthali Bhatedhikura Jorpati Chamthali Gunchatole Ghyampedanda Ashapuri Dolgaon Jagate (Police Station) Dandagaon Aadarsha Chowk

Road Code 26A004R 26A005R 26A006R 26A007R 26A008R 26A009R 26A010R 26A011R 26A012R 26A013R 26A014R

Remarks Jhaukhel Tathali / Chitpol Sudal Dadhikot / Sirutar Sipadol Balkot Changunarayan Bageswori Nangkhel Chitpol/Tathali

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27.

26B001R 26B002R 26B003R 26B004R 26B005R 26B006R 26B007R 26B008R 26B009R 26B010R 26B011R 26B012R 26B013R 26B014R 26B015R 26B016R 26B017R 26B018R 26B019R 26B020R 26B021R 26B022R 26B023R 26B024R 26B025R 26B026R 26B027R

Duwakot Duwakot Jhaukhel Jhaukhel

Changunarayan Changunarayan Chhaling Chhaling Chhaling Chhaling Nagarkot Nagarkot Bageswori Sudal Sudal Tathali Tathali Tathali Chitpol / Tathali Chitpol Chitpol Nangkhel Nangkhel Sipadol Sipadol Sipadol

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S.No. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.

Road Description Gundu VDC Office (Tithali) - Hinchowk Budhigandaki bridge Kivachowk Makalepati Basnet gaon (VDC office, Gundu) Rani Khola Pipaldanda Pandobazar Ganeshbatika - Kaspaltole Koldanda Shushil Bhairab Thapatole - Amar Chalachitra Srijananagar - Basutole Kaspaltole Nayathimi - Hinchowk Gamcha - Dadhikot Tarkhagal Gamcha - Dadhikot Sumelgaon Dakshinbarahi Salampakha Chitrapur Kheusi Dadhikot Tarkhagal Chitrapur - Sirutar Karkigaon Saraswati Mandir Nayabasti Mahendraswami H. School Adhikaritole Baghmarepati Prajapatitole Sudal VDC Ward No. 4 - Healthpost Bhandarigaon Old Health Post - Mahadevsthan Chareli - Kalamasi Ward No. 8 Ward No. 6 of Sipadol Ward No. 1 to Ward no. 2 of Sipadol Ward No. 7 to Ward No. 8 of Sirutar Arniko High School (Gamcha) Via Sirutar Ward No. 7 & 8 Luvu Adhikaritole Via Sirutar - Lubu List of Prospective Village Roads Pipalbot Thakurigaon Thapagaon Lakila Mahadevsthan Halchhap Sarkihouse Pakunepati Batatol Ratopati - Baijubhairab - Kharipati Besitole Suntole (Border) Mahadevsthan VDC Office (Bageswori) Jitpur - Balkumari - Baniyatole Baniyatole - Dulaltole - Dedheko Pipalbot Bansghari - Dilpakha - Deujagaon Puwargaon Palanse Mahatgaon Lakuri Bhanjyang Kakrabari Khahare - Khadkagaon Tamanggaon Ghalante - Chundevi - Tindhara Chitrapur - Gamcha - Sikaritar - Tarkhagal (School) Adhikaritole Balbatika P. School

Road Code 26B028R 26B029R 26B030R 26B031R 26B032R 26B033R 26B034R 26B035R 26B036R 26B037R 26B038R 26B039R 26B040R 26B041R 26B042R 26B043R 26B044R 26B045R 26B046R 26B047R 26B048R 26B049R 26B050R 26B051R 26B052R 26B053R 26B054R 26B055R 26B056R 26B057R 26B058R 26B059R 26B060R 26B061R 26B062R 26B063R

Remarks Gundu Gundu Gundu Katunje Katunje Katunje Dadhikot Dadhikot Dadhikot Sirutar Balkot Balkot Sudal Sudal Bageswori Sudal Sipadol Sipadol Sirutar

Duwakot Jhaukhel Changunarayan Chhaling Chhaling Nagarkot Bageswori Sudal Sudal Chitpol Nangkhel Gundu Katunje Dadhikot Balkot

3.6

TENTATIVE COST OF PROPOSED DTMP ROADS

District Roads

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S.No. 1. a.

Name of Road Bhaktapur Ring Road LohakanthaliSanothimiMagargaonTigni SaraswatikhelKhadkadilGelalgaon

Length (km)

Total Cost (NRs. '000)

Cost per Km (NRs. '000)

Remarks

8.25

12,034

1,800

Upgrading to gravel standard bituminous road (1.6 km)

b. c.

Gelalgaon Sangdaha Indreko Kholsa Nyachopauwa Pauwa Telkot Telkot Muhanpokhari Ban Pandheri Chareli Khawa Khawa Kharidol Khulalgaon Bhangal Sanga (Dipendra Police School) Sanga (Dipendra Police School) Palanse Palanse Nangkhel Taudol Paukhel Suryabinayak Suryabinayak Gundu Tarkhagal Biruwa Biruwa Sumelgaon Sirutar Balkot Kaushaltar Lohakanthali Mahakali Chowk Pakunepati Changunarayan Bastakoti Chowk Khadka Gaon Byansitole VDC Office (Jhaukhel) Gelal Gaon Chyamasingh (Bhaktapur) Amaldol (Nala) Bramhayani Nyabu Dedheko Pipalbot Tukucha Simana Kalamasi Chakrapani Chowk Gamcha Lubu

8.00 6.55

12,800 8,114

1,600 1,700 Bituminous road (1.82 km) maintenance by DoR

d. e.

6.60 2.95

16,500 29.5

2,500 10 Maintenance by DoR.( Arniko highway ) Hilly zone about 3 km

f.

7.50

18,000

2,400

g. h. 2.

7.25 6.75 6.25

11,600 4,680 250

1,600 2,000 40 Bituminous road (4.5 km) Maintenance

3. 4.

3.40 3.25

136 4,344

40 2,000

Maintenance Existing (1.1 km) bituminous road Bituminous road (3 km) Upgrading up to gravelled road Widening and gravel work

5. 6.

6.00 8.67

6,120 12,138

2,000 1,400

7. 8.

6.00 3.00

8,400 4,200

1,400 1,400

Poukhel (VDC office, Sipadol) Aadarshachowk

2.15 3,010 1,400 Balkot School (VDC Chowk) Sundarnagar (Arniko Highway) 10. 6.00 14,400 2,400 Pauwa Salambutar (Sankhu) 11. 4.50 9,000 2,000 Subidhanagar Pagaritole Healthpost VDC Office (Bageswori) Charghare 12. 7.00 17,500 2,500 Sanga Kakrabari Ashapuri Note: The total cost for the road having black top stretches is calculated after deducting that stretch and considering for maintenance (@ NRs. 40,000 per km) 9.

Village Roads
S.No. 1. Name of Road Barudkhana 1 Phaidhoka Saraswatikhel . Length (km) 2.00 Total Cost (NRs. '000) 3,600 Cost per Km (NRs. '000) 1,800 Remarks

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S.No. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

Name of Road Phaidhoka 2 Rokagaon (Rupathali) . Kamalpokhari 3 Lakila Pakunepati . Gelalgaon 4 Dahalgaon Pikhel . VDC 5 Office (Jhaukhel) Mahakali Chowk . (Duwakot) Nyachopauwa 7 Halchhap Sangdaha . Mulpani Nyachopauwa 8 Khoriyagaon Mangaltar . Telkot 9 Pikhel (Nateswori) . Kharipati 1 VDC Office (Chhaling) 0 Damaikholsa . Telkot 1 Gaonsuli 1 . Kharipati 1 Manakamana Mandir 2 . Telkot 1 Gairigaon Bhattedanda 3 . Gadgade 1 (Sun Rise Hotel) Bhattedanda 4 . Laptandanda Manikarnikaghat Healthpost Bhatkekopati Jitpur Mahamanjushri Bansbari Dandagaon Jitpur Kharkapul Nyabu Kharkapul Halalgaon Maheshwori Ghat - Devi Highschool (Saudol) Nalinchowk Saudol Phaidhoka Jorpati Puwargaon Dahalgaon - Bhangal Jorpati Karkigaon Kaldaha Nangkhel Chamthali Bhatedhikura Jorpati Chamthali Gunchatole Ghyampedanda Ashapuri Dolgaon Jagate (Police Station) Dandagaon Aadarsha Chowk Gundu VDC Office (Tithali) - Hinchowk Budhigandaki bridge Kivachowk Makalepati Basnet gaon (VDC office, Gundu) Rani Khola Pipaldanda Pandobazar Ganeshbatika - Kaspaltole Koldanda Shushil Bhairab Thapatole - Amar Chalachitra Srijananagar - Basutole Kaspaltole Nayathimi - Hinchowk Gamcha - Dadhikot Tarkhagal Gamcha - Dadhikot Sumelgaon Dakshinbarahi Salampakha Chitrapur

Length (km) 1.30 1.20 3.00 1.85 4.00 3.00 4.72 3.50

Total Cost (NRs. '000) 1,820 1,920 6,000 1,850 8,000 6,000 8,496 5,600

Cost per Km (NRs. '000) 1,400 1,600 2,000 1,000 2,000 2,000 1,800 1,600

Remarks

10.

2.20

4,400

2,000

11.

1.20

1,680

1,400

12.

8.50

2,200

13.

1.50

3,000

2,000

14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36.

3.00 6.17 2.45 3.00 3.50 4.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.50 2.50 7.00 2.50 3.00 3.00 2.00 3.00 3.50 2.00 1.50 6.00 2.00 6.00

5,400 8,638 3,675 3,600 4,900 6,400 5,400 3,136 4,800 2,700 4,000 11,200 3,500 3,600 4,200 3,600 6,000 5,210 2,400 1,800 6,156 3,000 9,600

1,800 1,400 1,500 1,200 1,400 1,600 1,800 1,200 1,600 1,800 1,600 1,600 1,400 1,200 1,400 1,800 2,000 1,600 1,200 1,200 1,400 1,500 1,600

0.4 km bituminous road

0.25 km bituminous road

1.65 km bituminous road

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S.No.

Name of Road Kheusi Dadhikot Tarkhagal Chitrapur - Sirutar Karkigaon Saraswati Mandir Nayabasti Mahendraswami H. School Adhikaritole

Length (km) 1.50 1.80 1.30 1.70

Total Cost (NRs. '000) 1,800 2,160 1,820 2,720

Cost per Km (NRs. '000) 1,200 1,200 1,400 1,600

Remarks

Baghmarepati - Prajapatitole 1.60 2,240 1,400 Sudal VDC Ward No. 4 - Healthpost 42. Bhandarigaon Old Health Post 1.45 2,320 1,600 Mahadevsthan 43. Chareli - Kalamasi 1.00 2,000 2,000 44. Ward No. 8 Ward No. 6 of Sipadol 2.40 3,360 1,400 45. Ward No. 1 to Ward no. 2 of Sipadol 1.45 1,740 1,200 46. Ward No. 7 to Ward No. 8 of Sirutar 1.50 2,250 1,500 47. Arniko High School (Gamcha) Via Sirutar 2.10 2,940 1,400 Ward No. 7 & 8 Luvu 48. Adhikaritole Via Sirutar - Lubu 1.5 2,100 1,400 Note: The total cost for the road having black top stretches is calculated after deducting that stretch and considering for maintenance (@ NRs. 40,000 per km)
41.

37. 38. 39. 40.

3.7

BUS PARK

It is experienced that after the construction of roads the number of vehicles increase and problem of public vehicle parking is realised. Hence, after the implementation of district transport master plan, bus parks will be required at most important places. The bus parks are proposed at least in the following places:
S.No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Place Bhattedanda (Nagarkot) Kalamasi (Sudal) Tarkhagal (Dadhikot) Biruwa (Dadhikot) Changu (Changunarayan) Gelalgaon (Jhaukhel) Gundu (Gundu) Tathali Tentative Cost (NRs. '000) 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 Remarks

The tentative cost for the bus park is only for the simple steel pipes shades. The shade is a cantilever type with corrugated galvanised iron sheets roof. The side chairs for the bus stand are also of iron plates and angles. The bed of the shades will be palin concrete and will be open in either sides.

3.8

ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES

Potential environmental implications along the proposed road were assessed during physical survey of district roads. Saraswatikhel to Rokagaun section of ring road has unstable topography and is a soil erosion zone. The section is geologically weak and vulnerable. Fresh cut slopes have triggered land slides. During the construction period, instability, landslides and soil erosion may further occur. So special measures should be taken during construction of this section. Proper drainage system should be made to reduce the soil erosion during rainy

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season. The concerted efforts initiated by local people for the rehabilitation of landslides in some of its section were admirable. Rehabilitation works for slope failures along Gelalgaun to Sangdaha road carried out by DDC is not of permanent nature and require detailed investigation. Type, size, frequency and location of landslides and study of movement of slides are important for their control and management. It is necessary to check the condition and effectiveness of the protective measures used to control the slides periodically. It is very important to find out the reasons of mass movement. The section of ring road that passes through Tilkot reserve forest, Bageswori reserve forest and Suryabinayak mixed dense forest may create hindrance to the movement and other living activities of wild life. Rural roads occupy the forest area. Accessibility made easier by road may also cause on encroachment of forest. This may lead to increased timber cutting and illegal collection and export of medicinal plants. Construction of roads may modify the overland flow patterns causing no flow or reduced flow in some natural channels or concentrated flow in others. Such modifications may result into diversion or obstruction to the natural drainage system. Vehicle emission and noise are major issues along Sallaghari to Lokanthali section of Arniko Highway. Traffic volume is high in this section. In rural part of district and village roads, air pollution is not eminent, however, dust raised and blown by vehicles may significantly pollute the areas. Stagnant water bodies created due to road construction such as borrow pits for embankment had become breeding sites for disease along Arniko Highway. This may contribute to increase in number and types of water borne diseases.

3.9

SOCIAL IMPLICATION

Road construction along the rural area brings positive as well as negative impacts in rural society. Some villagers in rural areas do not wish their areas developed like core urban centre. They are aware of the changes to be brought by the road in social and cultural behaviour of rural area. The beneficial effects of rural road construction are quite often not evenly distributed among the population and may exaggerate socio-economic disparities. The marginal poor people dispose off their land and shift to other areas for settlement. The introduction of rural road leads to increased land values and more intensive land use, specially for lands adjacent to the road. This may cause shift in ownership or rights of resource from poorer to wealthier classes. The road will have effects on traditional means of transportation such as animal drawn carts, mules, porters, etc, which in turn may affect on means of living.

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4.
4.1

PERSPECTIVE PLAN OF DISTRICT RURAL ROAD NETWORK

NEPAL RURAL ROAD STANDARD

Standard set by DoLIDAR manual, Nepal Rural Roads Standard (2055) has been referred for rural road classification. The information not covered by this manual for strategic road network and urban roads are referred with Nepal Roads Standard (2027), second revision prepared by Department of Roads. The NRRS has categorized the transport system into five classes, District Road, Village Road, Main Trail, Village Trail and Ropeway. The ropeway transport system has not been considered in preparing transport plan system of Bhaktapur. Composition of traffic is one of the key elements that determines the standard of a rural transport linkage. The composition of traffic and respective traffic co-efficient are given below. These co-efficient are followed to find out the tentative cost of road linkage. The more the number of traffic, the wider the carriage way width is required. Standard of hill roads along the rugged topography and standard of Terai roads along plain areas of Bhaktapur district has been followed as per DoLIDAR manuals, with a view that traffic grow shall increase rapidly in the long run. Traffic Unit, PCU which is defined as the traffic caused by a normal car, light van, jeep or a pick-up travelling at a speed of 40 km/h, is used. The composition of traffic and the respective traffic co-efficient are given below. These co-efficient are followed during the designing process and are applicable only for Rural Roads Class 'A' and 'B'. Table 4.1.1 Type of Traffic Cars, light vans, jeeps and pick-up Light trucks up to 2.5 tones gross Trucks up to 10 tones gross Trucks up to 15 tones gross 4W tractor towed trailers standard 2W tractor towed trailers standard Buses up to 40 passengers Buses over 40 passengers Bicycles Rickshaws and tricycles carrying goods Carts pulled/pushed by the human beings Bullock carts with pneumatic tyre wheels Bullock carts with wooden wheels Mule carts or horse drawn carts Pack animals and mules Pedestrians walking on the link Porters walking on the link
Source: DoLIDAR Manual, NRRS Standard

Transport Unit (TU) 1.0 1.5 3.0 4.0 3.0 1.5 3.0 4.0 0.5 1.0 2.0 6.0 8.0 6.0 2.0 0.2 0.4

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Table 4.1.2: Design Standards: Rural Road Class A and B

S.No . 1. 2. 3. 4. Design Parameters Design capacity in both directions (vehicle per day/T.U. per day) Design speed (km per hour) Right of way, either side from the road center (m) Formation width (m) includes 0.6 m drainage and 0.4 m parapet, which will be kept wherever needed. Carriageway width (m) Shoulder width, either side (m) Paving the earthen surface by Class 'A' Hill Terai 200 400 (400) (800) 20 40 10 10 5.0 6.0 Class 'B' Hill Terai 100 200 (200) (400) 15 30 7.5 7.5 4.0 4.5

5. 6. 7.

8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19.

Minimum radius in horizontal curve (m) Maximum gradient (%) Maximum gradient (%) Easing of gradient for every 500 m increment in altitude (rate of easing) Minimum gradient on hill roads (for better drainage) (%) Free board from HFL (m) Minimum stopping sight distance (m) Cross slope in carriageway camber (%) Cross slope in shoulder camber (%) Carriageway width at culvert/bridge* (m) Dimensions (width x length) of lay-byes/passing zones (m x m) Lay-byes/passing zone strips at interval of (m)

3.0 1.0 Broken stones or gravel 10 8 12 0.50 1 0.5 20 4 5 3.0 3.0 x 20 300

3.0 1.5 Gravelling or brick soling 20 5 7 0.5 40 4 5 3.0 3.0 x 20 500

3.0 0.5 None

3.0 0.75 None

10 8 12 0.50 1 0.5 15 5 5 3.0 3.0 x 20 300

20 5 7 0.5 30 5 5 3.0 3.0 x 20 500

Source: DoLIDAR Manual, NRRS Standard

4.2

SCORING SYSTEM FOR SCREENING AND GRADING

Transport linkages that require upgrading, rehabilitation, reconstruction and periodic maintenance are proposed by VDCs, according to the priority. The order of priority is expected to be minuted in VDC meeting. The VDCs requesting for linkage have to indicate the household, population and settlement to be benefited. Some other agency may be working to rehabilitate and construct the road, the nature and level of involvement also need to be informed. VDC's role during construction, regarding mobilization of local people for free labour service, cash in kind, contribution of land, eagerness for maintenance after construction etc are also considered while selecting the roads. The main purpose of the road is to link large settlement and service centres including access to the areas with high potential for agriculture, horticulture and livestock production. The purpose of central government or local government is to link tourist attraction sites, religious sites like Changu Narayan, market site like Thimi and other growth centres like Bode Lohakanthali and Duwakot. Jagate, Suryabinayak, Nayathimi, Gatthaghar, Karmabinayak serve as commerce and business centres. The rural areas of Bhaktapur need linkage with these centres by a fair weather road. Priority has been given to improve and upgrade the roads connecting the government office, VDC office, administrative centre, health centre, school/college, post office, and police office for efficient and effective mobility of the commuters.

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Careful attention is given to connect the settlement areas resided by poor ethnic groups and quarry sites and mines development sites. All above various factors have been weighted to screen the roads for improvement and rehabilitation works. The scoring system has been established to screen and grade the urban centre, service centre or rural settlement considering their potentiality in totality. The demands from VDC are considered by using the format developed by DoLIDAR, "Approach Manual for the Development of Agricultural and Rural Roads. Table 4.2: S. No
I

Showing Scoring Basis and Corresponding Scores to screen new transport linkage demand Criteria Scoring Unit Scoring Basis & Score Basis Score
Population served/km up to 500 500-1000 1000-2000 Above 2000 up to NRs. 50,000 NRs. 50,000-100,000 NRs. 100,000150,000 Above NRs. 150,000 up to NRs. 100,000 NRs. 100,000200,000 NRs. 200,000300,000 Above 300,000 up to 20 20-50 50-75 75-100 up to 25 25-50 50-75 75-100

Link providing service to large settlement areas/population Link providing service to areas with high potential for agriculture, horticulture, livestock production Link providing service to existing commerce and business centres market sites tourist attraction areas areas having agro-based and cottage industries other growth centres Link providing service to the existing service centres such as health centres, education centres (schools/campuses), offices (VDC office/ Government office, etc.), communication centres (post office/telephone, etc.) Link providing service to the potential growth or service centres identified by the District Development Committee and shown in the Indicative Development Potential Map of the district

II

Annual production equivalent to NRs.............../km

III

Estimated annual transaction in these centres equivalent to NRs............/km

up to 25 25-50 50-75 75-100

IV

Population served by these service centres expressed as persons per km per year

up to 100 100-250 250-500 Above500

up to 25 25-50 50-75 75-100

VI

Link providing service to the potential future development sites such as hydropower development sites, mines, etc. as indicated in the Indicative Development Potential Map of the district Link providing service to the

Anticipated number of people to be directly benefited by new growth or service centres expressed as persons per km per year Anticipated annual financial turn-over from developing the sites expressed as NRs. ................../km As per

up to 100 100-250 250-500 Above 500

up to 25 25-50 50-75 75-100

VII

very important

70-100

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S. No

Criteria
areas recognised by the DDC as areas for special consideration, such as areas inhabited by backward and poor ethnic groups/ communities, isolated remote areas, historic sites, religious sites etc. Direct link with another linkage

Scoring Unit
importance given to these areas by the DDC

Scoring Basis & Score Basis Score

important less important 30-70 below 30

VIII

Category of linkage to which it is directly connected

National Highway Feeder Road District Road Village Road Airport Trail

100 80 70 60 50 40

The following criteria is used to screen and grade district and village roads on new construction, rehabilitation, and periodic maintenance. The criteria is based on the guidelines provided in Approach manual of DoLIDAR. New construction
S. No. 1 Criteria Total weight score (w) received under Criteria under table 4.2 ranging from 61 to 100 marks. Tentative investment per km Basis (W-60)x 1.5 20 16 12 08 04 20 3 Social and concern environmental issues of No implications Less implications Significant implications Serious implications Total 20 15 10 05 20 100 Score 30 15 00 30 30 20 10 30 Score 60

less than NRs. 1.0 million NRs. 1.0 million NRs. 1.5 million NRs. 1.5 million NRs. 2.0 million NRs. 2.0 million NRs. 2.5 million more than NRs. 2.5 million

Rehabilitation
S. No. 1 Criteria Serviceability of the road Basis impassable passable with difficulty or risk easily passable less than NRs. 200,000 NRs. 200,000 NRs. 500,000 more than NRs. 500,000 District Road Hill Terai >300 >600 300-200 600-400 400-200 <200 Village Road Hill Terai >150 >300 150-100 300-200 100-50 200-100 <50 <100 Total

Tentative investment per km

Traffic volume (TU per day)

40 30 20 10 40 100 Score

Periodic Maintenance
S.No. Criteria Basis

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Read lines for participation at local level

ready to contribute cash or free labour ready to participate but for paid labour no willingness at all less than NRs. 20,000 NRs. 20,000 NRs. 50,000 NRs. 50,000 NRs. 80,000 District Road Hill Terai >300 >600 300-200 600-400 400-200 <200 Village Road Hill Terai >150 >300 150-100 300-200 100-50 200-100 <50 <100 Total

30 15 00 30 30 20 10 30

Tentative investment per km

Traffic volume (TU per day)

40 30 20 10 40 100

4.3

FEASIBLE NEW LINKAGES

Feasibility study from Khawa to Kharidol via Halalgaun along the proposed ring road of Bhaktapur is required as it serves several rural settlements viz. Khawa, Halalguan, Kharidol, Khulalgaun. Likewise linkage between Mahatgaun of Nankhel that provides access to the Nankhel compact settlement to Bhangal has to be widened and require drainage works. The road track impassable during Monsoon season from Saraswatikhel to Khadkagaun needs improvementas well as separate study for the investigation of landslide prone areas.

4.4

INTER DISTRICT LINKAGE

The road proposed for improvement from Lubu, Lalitpur to Katunje, Bhaktapur serves the people living both in Bhaktapur and Lalitpur districts. This is an old farmer route and still widely used by local people. After upgrading of the section, traffic flow will divert towards this link and will serve shortcut route to the people living in Bhaktapur and Lalitpur.

4.5

PROSPECTIVE PLAN OF DISTRICT RURAL ROAD NETWORK

The VDCs have formally requested for the interventions of the existing transport linkages only. It is very important to note that no new rural transport linkage come into account. Hence, the District Inventory Map of Rural Road Network, obviously becomes the perspective plan of the District Rural Road Network. In other words, the perspective plan of the District Rural Road Network is same as the District Inventory Map of District Rural Road Network.

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5.

FUNDING PERSPECTIVE OF THE DISTRICT TRANSPORT MASTER PLAN

DTMP, as envisaged will be prepared, owned and used by the District. Once they are approved by the respective District Council, DTMP facilitates the process of streamlining the district roads infrastructure development activities in a more coherent and planned manner. District planning ensures realistic allocation of funds to various interventions in rural roads, as well as effective and proper utilisation of allocated funds. It should be noted that sustainable development and maintenance efforts really emerges from the rural front. The transport plan of the district in reality fulfils the rural aspiration with justified investment of rural road subsector. Department of Roads, District Development Committee, Department of Agriculture, Tourism Infrastructure Development Project, Bhaktapur Conservation Project and VDCs are involved for the improvement of road network in Bhaktapur. At the same time, local people request the fund from members of parliament to be used to improve the critical road stretch of Bhaktapur. Close coordination between DoR and DDC is required to implement the plans and programs regarding the development of road in the district. DTMP urges to bring various modes of road development programs under single umbrella of DDC.

5.1

EXISTING FUNDING SCENARIO

Department of Roads, MoLD, and DDC provides special grant for the improvement of rural roads in the district. The amount allocated for roads by DoR is NRs. 295 Laks for the fiscal year 2058/059 and it is expected that the fund shall increase every next year. In DTMP DoR fund is not considered since it is managed exclusively by DoR Division, Bhaktapur. Village Development Committee obtain block grant of NRs. five laks. It is expected that two laks go for human resource management and 25 percent of the grant can be used for district road improvement. There is demand from local people for implementing the existing condition of the roads. District Development Committee gets the grants from MoLD for general development activities. In the same way the MoLD has allocated about NRs. fifteen laks for the extension and rehabilitation of agricultural roads in coordination with District Agriculture Office. The budget allocated explicitly indicates the funds to be used for the improvements of agricultural roads in the district. Such funds are expected to increase by reasonable percent each year, hence the improvement of roads should be planned accordingly. Forecast of funds and allocation is carried out through regression analysis. It is clear that the government allocates its limited resources for the infrastructures development with the view of effective planning, implementation and utilization of fund at optimum level. Therefore, DDC has requested for technical advise for the effective and proper use of their resources for rural road development. The following table depicts the budget allocated for the last three years by HMG for DoR and DDC for the road network development in Bhaktapur district.

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BUDGET ALLOCATION FOR RURAL ROADS CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE BY MOLD/DDC AND DOR During Fiscal Year 2056/057, 2057/058 and 2058/059
Fiscal Year 2056/057 i. Department of road: 1. Hanumante Khola and Bridge 2. Manohara - Thimi Road 3. Manohara Bridge at Bode Mulpani 4. Kaushaltar, Balkot Sidkot Gundu Road Sub Total: Road Construction and Maintenance: 5. Duwakot Changunarayan Chhaling Road 6. Char Khandi Thimi Road (Dudhikot VDV) 7. Katunje, Chakrapani Chowk Road 8. Sanothimi, Lokanthali Hanumante Bridge (AHW) 9. Trolley Bus Park, Sundarbasti Road 10. Maintenance of Bhaktapur Changu Road 11. Bituminous Surface Work from Pandu Bazar, Ganeshman Batika Gundu 12. Hinchowk Phedi to Chitrapur Road 13. Chamthali Bansghari Devisthan Main Road 14. Mahadev Khola Bridge (Tarkhel) 15. Bageswori Ward No. 9 to Mahadevsthan Bituminous Works 16. Nankhel Nalanchowk Devi 17. Surya Binayak Sipodol Road Sub Total: ii. Road construction and maintenance from MoLD/DDC Total Budget for Roads (DoR and DDC) Amount NRs. 6500 5,000 4,000 1,000 16,500 Fiscal Year 2057/058 i. Department of road: 1. Hanumante Bridge 2. Manohara Bridge 3. Banepa, Nala Road 4. Duwakot Mahakalsthan Jhaukhel VDC Office 5. Changunarayan, Gelalgaun, Duwakot (Bituminous road) 6. Sallaghari Nepal Engineering College Road 7. Bhaktapur Duwakot Gelalgaun Bituminous Road Sub Total: Road Construction Maintenance: 8. Duwakot Changunarayan Chhaling Road 9. Katunje Chakrapani Road 10. Sanothimi Lokanthali Hanumante (AHW) 11. Maintenance of Bhaktapur Changu 12. Pandu Bazar Ganeshman Smriti Batika Gundu 13. Nankhel Nalanchowk Devi 14. Bhaktapur Municipality Ward No. 4, Bageswori (Blacktop) 15. Chamthali Bansghari Main Road to Devisthan (Blacktop) 16. Surya Binayak Sipodol Sub Total Budget from DoR Road construction and maintenance from DDC: 1. Rural Agriculture Roads 2. Kaushaltar, Balkot, Sidkot Gundu Road 3. Trolley Bus Park Sundar Basti 4. Dadhikot Hinchowk, Phedi Chitrapur 5. Mahadev Khola Tarkhal Total DDC Fund for rural Road Total Budget for only (DDC and DoR) Amount Fiscal Year 2058/059 i. Department of road: 1. Urban Roads of Madhyapur Thimi Municipality 2. Urban Road of MTM Ward No. 15 to South Road 3. Blacktop, Bituminous Work through Peoples Participation 4. Bhaktapur - Sallaghari Road 5. Changunarayan Indra Kholsa to Duwakot 6. Lokanthali (AHM) to North Sanothimi Road 7. Cher Khande Thimi Road 8. Urban Roads Bhaktapur 9. Duwakot to NEC 10. Mahakalsthan (Duwakot), Jhaunkhel VDC 11. Changunarayan Sangdaha to Chhaling 12. Manohara Bridge (Pepsicola) Thimi, Bhaktapur Sub Total: Road Construction and maintenance from DDC: 1. Kaushaltar - Balkot Sidkot Gundu Road 2. Trolley Bus - Sundar Bazar 3. Dadhikot Hinchowk Phedi Chitrapur Road 4. Bhaktapur Municipality Ward No. 4 - Chhaling VDC 5. Chaukhel and Duwakot Baharkhel - Dokti Phant Sub Total: Rural agricultural road: 6. Duwakot - Changunarayan Chhaling Road 7. Katunje Chakrapani Chowk 8. Sano Thimi Lokanthali, Hanumante Bridge 9. Nankhel Nalanchowk Devi Road 10. Surya Binayak Sipadol 11. Bhaktapur Changu Road 12. Pandu Bazar Ganesh Man Batika - Gundu VDC 13. Bhaktapur Municipality Ward No. 4, Bageswori Ward No. 1, Mahendevsthan 14. Dadhikot, Char Khande Thimi Road 15. Chamthali Bansghari Main Road to Devisthan Sub Total: Total Budget for Road (DoR and DDC) Amount 8,500 12,500 3,000 1,400 900 2,000 500 2,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 15,000 29,500

200 500

400 500 400 500 400 300 350

27,000

500 300 400 400 400 200 200

300 200 200 1,500 1,500 3,700 500 300 400 200 200 400 400 200

300 400 400 200

500

200 30,400

200 200 4,350

1,500 400 250 200 250 26,00

Nil 20,850

950 500 4,050 37,250

33,000

AHW = Arniko High Way

5.2

BUDGET FORECAST FOR DTMP

Based on the available resources during the last three years, the prospective budget is presented in table 5.2. through regression analysis. In view of limited resources, it is advisable for planning and implementation of DTMP taking in consideration of reasonable increase in budget allocation.

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Table 5.2 Budget forecast for DTMP (Rs. '000) from 2058/059 to 2062/063
Sources DDC grant VDC grant Agricultural Roads DoR funds * Constitutional Development DDC own resource Total: 2058/059 5,500 800 3,000 700 2,500 12500 2059/060 6,133 867 3,500 700 3,333 14533 Year 2060/061 6,733 917 4,250 700 4,083 16683 2061/062 7,333 967 5,000 700 4,833 18833 2062/063 7,933 1,017 5,750 700 5,583 20983

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6.

DISTRICT TRANSPORT MASTER PLAN

Vehicular traffic in Bhaktapur has been growing at an alarming rate and this unregulated growth is clearly harmful in many ways. The people of Bhaktapur should be aware and should think seriously regarding planning and implementation of District Transport Master Plan. Comprehensive traffic study, trip making behaviour, the relationship between population and employment, the speed of traffic in various types of road have been specially considered while prioritising the roads of the district. Travel demand is carried out at an aggregate level and traffic zone is considered the basic unit for estimation. Household survey, a transferable and dependable value for capita trip generation rate and gravity model are not considered since majority of Bhaktapur district roads serve largely the scattered rural settlement, however, growth centre and their potentiality have been assessed in depth including scoring system as per DoLIDAR manual . The factors that govern trip generation are income, car ownership, family size and composition, land use characteristic, distance of zone from town centre, accessibility to public transport system and its efficiency, employment opportunities, institutions, administrative headquarter etc.

6.1

FIVE YEAR DISTRICT TRANSPORT MASTER PLAN

The first five year road master plan is prepared with prioritised lists of rural road transport linkages for district and village roads intended for new construction, rehabilitation and periodic maintenance. The base year is taken as financial year 2058/59. Maintenance which are of regular nature and could not be accurately estimated are categorised under routine maintenance. It covers the work involved in keeping the road in proper shape e.g. cleaning of drains. Usually unskilled persons are involved in this nature of maintenance work. Cleaning of road surface, cleaning of drains, opening of culverts and bridges, trimming of road edges and slopes, cutting of grass, bushes and humps, maintenance of traffic signs and delineators, removal of small size slides/slips that fall on the road surface, filling pot holes, ruts etc fall under routine maintenance. Periodic maintenance of road work involves repairing of damaged portion of side drain, repairing of retaining walls, cross drainage structures etc. Similarly reconstruction of road pavements, new construction of road structure, drainage improvement system, slope stabilization works, improvement of geometric standards of road, gravelling of roads etc are categorized under rehabilitation of road works. When trails or designed route have to be constructed completely new, they are categorized under new road construction works. Projection of budget for the next five years is carried out through regression analysis based on the last three years data available. Table 6.1:Budget allocation for the next five years for DTMP Roads (Budget in '000)
Category of road District Roads Routine/Periodic Maintenance Road Rehabilitation New Construction Road Periodic Maintenance Road Rehabilitation New Construction Total: 2058/59 2,000 6,000 2,000 500 1,000 1,000 12,500 2059/60 2,500 6,667 2,500 500 1,200 1,167 14,533 Year 2060/61 3,000 7,417 3,000 500 1,300 1,417 16,683 2061/62 3,500 8,167 3,500 500 1,500 1,667 18,833 2062/63 4,000 8,917 4,000 500 1,650 1,917 20,983

Village Roads

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6.2

LIST OF PRIORITISED DISTRICT ROADS

List of prioritised District Roads
Name of Road Bhaktapur Ring Road: LohakanthaliSanothimiMagargaonTigniSaraswatikhelKhadkadilGelalgaon Gelalgaon Sangdaha Indreko Kholsa Nyachopauwa Pauwa Telkot Telkot Muhanpokhari Ban Pandheri Chareli Khawa Khawa Kharidol Khulalgaon Bhangal Sanga (Dipendra Police School) Sanga (Dipendra Police School) Palanse Palanse Nangkhel Taudol Paukehl Suryabinayak Suryabinayak Gundu Tarkhagal Biruwa Biruwa Sumelgaon Sirutar Balkot Kaushaltar Lohakanthali Mahakali Chowk Pakaunepati Changunarayan Bastakoti Chowk Khadka Dil Byansitole VDC Office (Jhaukhel) Gelal Gaon Chyamasingh (Bhaktapur) Amaldol (Nala) Bramhayani Nyabu Dedheko Pipalbot Tukucha Simana Kalamasi Arniko Highway (Chakrapani Chowk) Gamcha Lubu Poukhel (VDC office, Sipadol) Arniko Highway (Aadarshachowk ) Balkot School (VDC Chowk) Sundarnagar (Arniko Highway) Pauwa Salambutar (Sankhu) Subidhanagar (Feeder Road) Pagaritole Healthpost VDC Office (Bageswori) Charghare Sanga Kakrabari Ashapuri

Table 6.2
S.No. 1 a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. 2 3 4 5 6 7 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.

6.3
S.N
1 a

REHABILITATION OF DISTRICT ROADS

Road Details Approx. Length (km)
8.25

Intervention Required

Bhaktapur Ring Road Lohakanthali - Sanothimi Magargaon - Tigni Saraswatikhel - Khadkadil Gelalgaon Designation of right of way by Madhyapur Thimi Municipality need to be followed by the VDCs as well. Existing gravel road required upgrading to bituminous standard and earthen road to gravel road standard. Slope stability works has to be carried out along Saraswati Khel to Khandkagaon Section. About 10 nos of pipe culvert, 1500 m side drain and 500 metre of retaining wall, is required. Geometric of roads have to be improved as well. Existing earthen road section has to be widened and improved with substantial amount of earthworks. Road from Gelalgaon Sangdaha and Indreko Kholsa need complete rehabilitation, off-road structurea and pavement has to be upgraded and approximately with 20 nos of pipe culvert, 3000 m of side drain, 4 nos. of slab culverts are required. The section of ring road from Muhanpokhari to Khawa require rehabilitation. Substantial quantity of earthwork in filling and cutting is required. Improvement of off-road structure and reconstruction of road pavement is required. Improvement of drainage system and slope stabilisation at some places. The efforts made by local people to construct drain at some critical location is appreciable. At least 5 nos of pipe culverts and 5 nos of slab culverts are required to rehabilitate the road.

Gelalgaon - Sangdaha 8.00 Indreko Kolsa - Nyachopauwa Pauwa - Telkot Telkot - Muhanpokhari 6.55 Banpandheri - Chareli - Khawa

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S.N
d

Road Details

Approx. Length (km)

Intervention Required
Cleaning of drains, road surface and opening of culverts are required. Construction of side drains, retaining walls are noted. Improvement in grade of the road as well as widening is required. The whole section of the road need improvement of geometric standard of road. About 3.5 km of new road require construction along Khawa Sanga section. Approximately 10 nos of pipe culvert and six slab culverts are required for road rehabilitation. Routine maintenance is required since the road is recently rehabilitated by the DoR. Existing narrow road from Palase to Nankhel has to be widened and improved. The work involves substantial earthwork in cutting as well as in filling. Existing earthen road has to be upgraded. Approximately 15 nos pipe culvert and 5 nos of slab culvert is required along the section for the rehabilitation works. Improvement of geometric standard of road, should be followed after detail design. The road should be widened in accordance with traffic increment. Gully erosion are noted nearby Tarkhal. Tarkhal - Biruwa section of road need improvement off road structure, widening of road, construction of drain and overall improvement of geometric standard of road. Minor slope stabilisation works with bio-engineering measures is essential. The improvement of offroad structure with 10 Nos. of pipe culvert and 3 Nos. of slab culvert 4000 m side drain, retaining wall (200 m length with average 3 m) is required to rehabilitate the road. Detailed design is required prior to the execution of the works. The ring road lacks geometric design and follows the existing trail. Right of ways is not maintained and encroachment of road at several places is noted. Several pipe culverts and slab culvert and substantial length of drain has to be constructed. Ruts, cracks, depression, undulation along the pavement surface is noted. The rehabilitation of Bhaktapur Changu road should be exclusively undertaken by DoR through central government fund. Routine maintenance of the road is required. Upgrading of drain, maintenance of bituminous surface with patchwork. Pavement distress survey need to be carried out and effective measures need to be undertaken. The existing gravel road need to be upgraded to bituminous standard with improvement of drains at several locations. Poor quality of works is noted, hence qualified contractor should be hired particularly for the bituminous work. Routine and periodic maintenance should be carried out with the know how of DoR. Concerted efforts made by DDC to upgrade the road into bituminous surface is noteworthy however such programs should be undertaken by DoR under Central Fund. The immediate measures to be taken to upgrade the road are construction of about 5 nos. of pipe culverts, 2 km side drain, and one minor ten metre span bridge. Gravel mixed earthen road require improvement of geometric standard of the road, improvement of off-road structure (pipe culverts, slab culverts, retaining wall, and drains, slope stabilisation works) is essential. Earthen road has to be upgraded to gravel road standard including widening road. It is advised to DDC to develop the road serviceable in all weather condition. The narrow road need widening and improvement with appropriate right of way. As the road connects Lalitpur and Bhaktapur district, the rehabilitation of road should be undertaken by DoR. Detailed investigation study and implementation of working should be carried s with the assistance of central or external fund. The earthen roads has to be widened and upgraded.

Khawa Kharidol 6.60 Khulalgaon Bhangal Sanga (Dipendra Police School)

e f

Sanga (Dipendra Police School) Palanse

2.15

Palanse Nangkhel Taudol 7.50 Paukhel Suryabinayak

Suryabinayak Gundu Tarkhagal Biruwa

7.25

Biruwa Sumelgaon Sirutar 6.75 Balkot Kaushaltar Lohakanthali MahakaliChowk - Pakunepati - 6.25 Changunarayan Bastakoti Chowk - Khadkagaon 3.40

Byansitole - VDC Office (Jhaukhel) - Gelalgaon

3.75

Chyamasingh (Bhaktapur) Amaldol (Nala)

6.20

Bramhayani - Nyabu - Tukucha 8.67 Simana - Kalamasi

Chakrapanichowk - Gamcha - 6.00 Lubu

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S.N
8.

Road Details

Approx. Length (km)

Intervention Required
The narrow road need widening and improvement with appropriate right of way. Detailed investigation study and implementation of working should be carried out. Two nos. of pipe culverts, 1000 m side drain and retaining wall (50 m length and average 5 m height) is required. Earthen road has to be upgraded and widened. The narrow road need widening and improvement with appropriate right of way. Detailed investigation study and implementation of working should be carried out. Two nos. of pipe culverts, 500 m side drain and retaining wall (10 m length and average 2 m height) is required. Earthen road has to be upgraded and widened. The narrow road need widening and improvement with appropriate right of way. Detailed investigation study and implementation of working should be carried out. Eight nos. of pipe culverts, 3000 m side drain, retaining wall (50 m length and average 3 m height), 7 nos. of slab culverts and 1 no. of bridge (approx. length=50 m) is required. Earthen road has to be upgraded and widened. The narrow road need widening and improvement with appropriate right of way. Detailed investigation study and implementation of working should be carried out. Approximately 15 nos. of pipe culverts, 2000 m side drain, retaining wall (500 m length and average 3 m height), 3 nos. of slab culverts and one bridge of approx. length 10 m is required. Earthen road has to be upgraded and widened. The narrow road need widening and improvement with appropriate right of way. Detailed investigation study and implementation of working should be carried out. Approximately 15 nos. of pipe culverts, 6000 m side drain, retaining wall (500 m length and average 3 m height), and 4 nos. of slab culverts is required. Earthen road has to be upgraded and widened. 3 km new road has to be constructed.

Poukhel (VDC office, Sipadol) - 3.00 Adarshachowk

9.

Balkot School (VDC Chowk) 2.15 Sundarnagar (Arniko Highway)

10. Pauwa Salambutar (Sankhu) 6.00

11. Subidhanagar Pagaritole Healthpost VDC Office (Bageswori) - Charghare

4.50

12. Sanga Kakrabari - Ashapuri 7.00

Rehabilitation of village roads and intervention required is presented separately in Annex B under inventory of district and village roads.

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7.

STRENGTHENING OF INSTITUTION

Local government, DDC should establish a single approach for the development of rural roads network and do away with current ad-hoc practises of investing in roads through several agencies. Rural roads of district should exclusively be planned, designed and implemented by the DDC or its related institutions. The involvement of other agencies for the development roads within the district should be carried out only through the consultation of the DDC. The DDC should be supplied with all the information regarding road planning and improvement program within the district and should unitary act as a co-ordinator for the rural road development. The role of DoR should be limited to planning, maintenance, improvement, extension and execution of strategic road network of Nepal. Coordination between various agencies is required for rural road development. It is advised to improve the technical section of DDC through induction of additional qualified technical personnel and there is need for the improvement of capability of technicians through protracted program of human resource development for planning, design and execution of more roads as well as a up keep of the existing ones.

ITECO Nepal (P) Ltd.

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District Transport Master Plan (DTMP), Bhaktapur

FINAL REPORT

8.

PLAN, IMPLEMENTATION PROPOSAL

The District Transport Master Plan provides guidance to the District Development Committee for planning, implementation and maintenance of rural and agricultural roads of the district. The DDC, VDC and line agency have to follow the District Road Master Plan (DTMP) for the planning and implementation of the rural roads. The DTMP provides planned development of rural roads breaking the conventional method of developing roads on ad-hoc basis. Five year district transport master plan recommends for the reconstruction, rehabilitation and maintenance of Bhaktapur ring road which passes by most of VDCs of the district. The DDC efforts, for phase wise development of ring road is commendable, however DDC should seek central or external funding for the same. Likewise, other district roads, Bastakoti Chowk to Changu school, Byansitole to Jhaukhel, Mahakali Chowk to Changunarayan, Chyamasingh to Amaldol need period maintenance. The plan also includes Bramayani, Kalamsi road and Chakrapani Lubu road and recommends to keep the village roads functionable even during monsoon period. It is recommended to DDCs, VDCs and other implementing agencies to follow the District Transport Master Plan. VDCs and DDC should follow DTMP after the plan is approved by the District Council. Bhaktapur is one of the most fertile and agriculturally productive areas in Nepal. Madhyapur Thimi, Katunje, Duwakot and other rapidly growing VDCs will expand in future with more houses and loose agricultural land areas. Therefore, it is inevitable that growing conflicts will occur between utilization of land for urban settlement versus agricultural uses. Hence DDC should seriously examine the course of action to develop the road network within its boundary. The DDC should take the responsibility of all the district and village roads other than highway and feeder roads of the district. The planning and construction of minor bridges within the district is the responsibility of District Infrastructure and Agriculture Roads Section (DIARS), DDC. For better coordination and to streamline the planning process, the need of District Transport Master Plan (DTMP) has become apparent and more important. However, there is general acceptability among DDCs as well as donors regarding the implementation of Transport Master Plan even though the local self governance act has fully empowered DDC to formulate periodic plan with short, medium and long term objectives and working policies regarding physical infrastructure development. It is anticipated that DTMP fall within the periodic plan or vice versa. LGA has strengthened technical, financial and managerial capacity of DDC, however lack of full commitment to decentralisation by central government is still impeding the implementation of plans of DDCs. All VDCs have shown wholehearted support for the construction of Bhaktapur ring road and concerted efforts of DDC, VDCs to materialise the road is noteworthy. However, cooperation from central government and support of technical know-how of DoR is imperative at this stage. Phase wise development of the ring road seems to be the practical way out for the present. Like wise, village roads should be developed as per District transport Master plan and implemented accordingly. It is strongly recommended to prepare second five year master plan of the District Transport Master Plan of the district at the end of first four master plan with necessary amendments as realised by the District Development Committee and District Council. DTMP will certainly reduce previous draw backs in the implementation of rural roads, such as ad hoc practises in fulfilling the needs, under utilisation of resources as well as the returns,

ITECO Nepal (P) Ltd.

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District Transport Master Plan (DTMP), Bhaktapur

FINAL REPORT

over investment against desired benefits, improper utilisation of resources and lack of coordination among implementing agency and so on.

ITECO Nepal (P) Ltd.

Page 44

STATUS OF ROADS IN BHAKTAPUR DISTRICT

List of Strategic Road Networks
S.No. 1 2 Road Description Arniko Highway (Manohara Sanga) Nagarkot Feeder Road (Sallaghari Nagarkot) Total : Bituminous Gravel (km) (km) 15.00 0.00 23.00 0.00 38.00 0.00 Earthen (km) 0.00 0.00 0.00

Annex - A

Total (km) 15.00 23.00 38.00

List of Urban Roads

S.No. (i) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Road Description Bhaktapur Municipality Urban Roads (Bhaktapur Municipality) Kamalbinayak Jagati Trolleybus stop Suryabinayak Sallaghari Hospital Byasitole Hakuphohiti -Bramhadippul Ganesh Middle High School - Arniko Highway Muldhoka -Sudal Brahmayani - Gonsapul Kharipati - Chhaling Border Sub-Total 3.20 1.20 1.00 1.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 6.90 0.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.35 0.75 0.90 0.75 2.00 5.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.20 1.20 1.00 1.50 0.35 0.75 0.90 0.75 2.00 11.90 Bituminous Gravel (km) (km) Earthen (km) Total (km)

S.No. (ii) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Road Description Madhyapur Thimi Municipality Nayathimi - Puranothimi - Bode - Mulpani Manohara -Thimi - Sallaghari Gatthaghar Sanothimi Arniko Highway (west of Kshayarog center) - Sidhhikali Mandir Old Road (Bahakha Bazar) Kaushaltar - Tersatar - Sanothimi Arniko Highway (Peppermint factory) - via Rajkulo road - Old Road (Logo Industry) - Kamerotar - Bodechowk Bhahakha bazaar- Sanutar(Bode)-Manohara bridge (Mulpani VDC) Sanothimi (S.O.S) - Dhunchepakha -Milroad Sanutar Chowk (Bode)- Duwakot VDC Dhunchechowk (Nagdesh) - Manohara (Gothatar) Arniko Highway (near Manohara Bridge) - Road of water supply project - Tikathali(Budhathokigaon). Sub-Total

Bituminous Gravel (km) (km) 1.00 5.20 1.00 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 7.70 1.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 2.00 1.50 2.00 3.00 2.50 1.50 1.50 16.00

Earthen (km) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Total (km) 2.00 5.20 1.00 1.50 2.00 1.50 2.00 3.00 2.50 1.50 1.50 23.70

lisiya-d\report\dtmp-bhaktapur\anex-a

STATUS OF ROADS IN BHAKTAPUR DISTRICT

List of District Roads
S.No. 1 Road Description Bhaktapur Ring Road: a) LohakanthaliGelalgaon b) Gelalgaon Telkot c) Telkot Khawa d) Khawa Sanga (Dipendra Police School) e) Sanga (Dipendra Police School) Palanse f) Palanse Suryabinayak g) Suryabinayak Biruwa h) Biruwa Lohakanthali Sub Total: 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Mahakali Chowk Pakunepati Changunarayan Bastakoti Chowk Khadkadil Byansitole VDC Office (Jhaukhel) Gelal Gaon Chyamasingh (Bhaktapur) Amaldol (Nala) Bramhayani Nyabu - Dedheko Popalbot -Tukucha Simana Kalamasi Chakrapani Chowk Gamcha Lubu Poukhel (VDC office, Sipadol) Aadarshachowk (Arniko Highway) Balkot School (VDC Chowk) - Sundarnagar (Arniko Highway) Pauwa - Salambutar (Sankhu) Subidhanagar - Pagaritole - Healthpost -VDC Office (Bageswori)Charghare Sanga- Kakrabari - Ashapuri Bituminous Gravel (km) (km)
3.00 1.00 1.85 0.00 2.15 0.00 0.35 3.10 11.45 1.30 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.65 4.95

Annex - A

Earthen (km)
3.95 7.00 4.70 6.60 0.00 7.50 6.90 0.00 36.65

Total (km) 8.25 8.00 6.55 6.60 2.15 7.50 7.25 6.75 53.05 6.25 3.40 3.75 6.20 8.65 6.00 3.00 2.15 6.00 4.50 7.00 163.00

6.25 3.40 0.95 3.00 0.00 1.65 0.00 0.40 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.00 0.00 2.80 1.50 2.00 2.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 18.20

0.00 0.00 0.00 1.70 6.65 2.35 3.00 1.75 6.00 4.50 7.00 106.25

Total

38.55

List of Perspective District Roads

S.No. 1 2 Road Description Jorpati (Arniko Highway)-via Chitpal - Tathali Health post Sallaghari - Mahakalchowk (Duwakot) - VDC Office ( Jhaukhel) Lakila -Pakunepati -Nateswori - Kharipati - Pagaritole Lamichhanegaon - Sudal Police station (Nyabu) - Kharkapul Total: Bituminous Gravel (km) (km) Earthen (km) Total (km) 2.80 13.50

16.30

Note: The concept of perspective district road has been developed so that it will be very useful to the district in the long run.

lisiya-d\report\dtmp-bhaktapur\anex-a

STATUS OF ROADS IN BHAKTAPUR DISTRICT

Annex - A

List of village Roads

S.No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 Road Description Barudkhana Phaidhoka Saraswatikhel Phaidhoka Rokagaon (Rupathali) Kamalpokhari Lakila Pakunepati Gelalgaon Dahalgaon Pikhel VDC Office (Jhaukhel) Mahakal Chowk (Duwakot) Nyachopauwa Halchhap Sangdaha Mulpani Nyachopauwa Khoriyagaon Mangaltar Telkot Pikhel (Nateswori) Kharipati VDC Office (Chhaling) Damaikholsa Telkot Gaonsuli Kharipati Manakamana Mandir Telkot Gairigaon Bhattedanda Gadgade (Sun Rise Hotel) Bhattedanda Laptandanda Manikarnikaghat Healthpost Bhatkekopati Jitpur Mahamanjushri Bansbari Dandagaon Jitpur Kharkapul Nyabu Kharkapul Halalgaon Maheshwori Ghat - Devi Highschool (Saudol) Nalinchowk Saudol Phaidhoka Jorpati Puwargaon Dahalgaon - Bhangal Jorpati Karkigaon Kaldaha Nangkhel Chamthali Bhatedhikura Jorpati - Chamthali Gunchatole Ghyampedanda Ashapuri Dolgaon Jagate (Police Station) Dandagaon Aadarsha Chowk Gundu VDC Office (Tithali) - Hinchowk Budhigandaki bridge Kivachowk Makalepati Basnet Gaon (VDC office, Gundu) Rani Khola - Pipaldanda Pandobazar Ganeshbatika - Kaspaltole Koldanda Shushil Bhairab Thapatole - Amar Chalachitra Srijananagar - Basutole Kaspaltole Nayathimi - Hinchowk Gamcha - Dadhikot Tarkhagal Gamcha - Dadhikot Sumelgaon Dakshinbarahi Salampakha Chitrapur Dadhikot Tarkhagal Chitrapur - Sirutar - Karkigaon Saraswati Mandir Nayabasti Mahendraswami H. School Adhikritole Baghmarepati - Prajapatitole Sudal VDC Ward No. 4 - Healthpost Bhatkekopati Jitpur Mahamanjushri Chareli - Kalamasi Ward No. 8 to Ward No. 6 of Sipadol Ward No. 1 to Ward No. 2 of Sipadol Ward No. 7 to Ward No. 8 of Sirutar Arniko High School (Gamcha) - Via Sirutar Ward No. 7 & 8 - Lubu Adhikari Tol - Via Sirutar - Lubu Total: Bituminous Gravel (km) (km) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.40 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.25 0.00 0.00 1.65 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.30 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.85 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 1.00 0.75 0.00 1.00 0.80 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 8.50 Earthen (km) 2.00 1.30 1.20 3.00 0.00 4.00 3.00 4.72 3.50 2.20 1.20 8.50 1.50 3.00 4.17 2.45 3.00 3.50 4.00 3.00 2.50 3.00 1.50 2.50 7.00 2.50 3.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.50 2.00 0.50 3.55 2.00 6.00 1.50 1.80 1.30 1.70 1.60 1.45 1.00 2.40 1.45 1.50 2.10 1.50 123.09 Total (km) 2.00 1.30 1.20 3.00 1.85 4.00 3.00 4.72 3.50 2.20 1.20 8.50 1.50 3.00 6.17 2.45 3.00 3.50 4.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.50 2.50 7.00 2.50 3.00 3.00 2.00 3.00 3.50 2.00 1.50 6.00 2.00 6.00 1.50 1.80 1.30 1.70 1.60 1.45 1.00 2.40 1.45 1.50 2.10 1.50 133.89

lisiya-d\report\dtmp-bhaktapur\anex-a

STATUS OF ROADS IN BHAKTAPUR DISTRICT

Annex - A

List of Prospective Village Roads

S.No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Pipalbot Thakurigaon Thapagaon Lakila Mahadevsthan Halchhap Sarkihouse Pakunepati - Batatol Ratopati - Baijubhairab - Kharipati Besitole Suntole Mahadevsthan VDC Office (Bageswori) Jitpur - Balkumari - Baniyatole Baniyatole - Dulaltole - Dedheko Pipalbot Bansghari - Dilpakha - Deujagaon Puwargaon Palanse Mahatgaon Lakuri Bhanjyang Kakrabari Khahare - Khadkagaon Tamanggaon Ghalante - Chundevi - Tindhara Chitrapur - Gamcha - Sikaritar - Tarkhagal (School) Adhikaritole Balbatika P. School Total : Road Description Bituminous Gravel (km) (km) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Earthen (km) 1.00 1.70 0.80 1.50 5.50 2.00 0.50 1.45 2.45 4.00 5.00 2.50 1.00 2.50 1.30 33.20 Total (km) 1.00 1.70 0.80 1.50 5.50 2.00 0.50 1.45 2.45 4.00 5.00 2.50 1.00 2.50 1.30 33.20

15

lisiya-d\report\dtmp-bhaktapur\anex-a

Annex - B

INVENTORY OF DISTRICT AND VILLAGE ROADS

ii. Village Roads
S.No. Description of Roads Road Code
26B001R

Approx.L ength (km)

2.00

Intervention Required
Approximately 4 Nos. of pipe culverts, 500 m side drain and retaining wall (60 m length and average 2 m height) is required. Earthen road has to be upgraded and widened. 6 nos. of pipe culverts and 300 m side drain is required. Earthen road has to be upgraded and widened. 5 nos. of pipe culverts and 500 m side drain is required. Earthen road has to be upgraded and widened. Approximately 10 Nos. of pipe culverts, 500 m side drain, retaining wall (50 m length and average 2 m height) and 3 Nos.of slab culverts is required. Earthen road has to be upgraded and widened. Approximately 1 km has to be new constructed. The road is being prepared for black top. Approximately 10 Nos. of pipe culverts, 4000 m side drain, retaining wall (50 m length and average 2 m height), 4 Nos. of slab culverts and 1 No.of bridge (approx. Length=50m) is required. Earthen road has to be upgraded and widened. Approximately 8 Nos. of pipe culverts, 1000 m side drain, retaining wall (50 m length and average 2 m height) and 3 Nos.of slab culverts is required. Earthen road has to be upgraded and widened. . 10 nos. of pipe culverts, 2000 m side drain, retaining wall (200 m length and average 3 m height) and 5 Nos.of slab culverts is required. Earthen road has to be upgraded and widened. . Approximately 5 nos. of pipe culverts, 200 m side drain, retaining wall (10 m length and average 3 m height) and 1 Nos.of slab culverts is required. Earthen road has to be upgraded and widened. . 6 nos. of pipe culverts, 2000 m side drain, retaining wall (100 m length and average 3 m height) and 4 Nos.of slab culverts is required. Earthen road has to be upgraded and widened. . Approximately 5 nos. of pipe culverts, 1000 m side drain, retaining wall (50 m length and average 2 m height) and 3 Nos.of slab culverts is required. Earthen road has to be upgraded and widened. Approximately 12 nos. of pipe culverts, 6000 m side drain, retaining wall (100 m length and average 3 m height), 5 Nos.of slab culverts and one bridge of approx. length 20m is required. Earthen road has to be upgraded and widened. Approximately 4 nos. of pipe culverts, 1000 m side drain, retaining wall (25 m length and average 3 m height) and 2 Nos.of slab culverts is required. Earthen road has to be upgraded and widened. . Approximately 5 nos. of pipe culverts, 1000 m side drain, retaining wall (50 m length and average 2 m height), 3 Nos.of slab culverts and one bridge of approx. length 10m is required. Earthen road has to be upgraded and widened.

1 Barudkhana Phaidhoka Saraswatikhel 2 Phaidhoka Rokagaon (Rupathali) 3 Kamalpokhari Lakila Pakunepati 4 Gelalgaon Dahalgaon Pikhel

26B002R 26B003R 26B004R

1.30 1.20 3.00

5 VDC Office (Jhaukhel) Mahakal Chowk (Duwakot) 6 Nyachopauwa Halchhap Sangdaha Mulpani

26B005R 26B006R

1.85 4.00

7 Nyachopauwa Khoriyagaon Mangaltar

26B007R

3.00

8 Telkot Pikhel (Nateswori)

26B008R

4.72

9 Kharipati VDC Office (Chhaling) Damaikholsa

26B009R

3.50

10 Telkot Gaonsuli

26B010R

2.20

11 Kharipati Manakamana Mandir

26B011R

1.20

12 Telkot Gairigaon Bhattedanda

26B012R

8.50

13 Gadgade (Sun Rise Hotel) Bhattedanda

26B013R

1.50

14 Laptandanda Manikarnikaghat Healthpost

26B014R

3.00

Annex - B

INVENTORY OF DISTRICT AND VILLAGE ROADS

ii. Village Roads
S.No. Description of Roads Road Code
26B015R

Approx.L ength (km)

6.17

Intervention Required
Approximately 4 Nos. of pipem culverts, 500 retaining m side drain retaining 5 nos. of pipe culverts, 1500 side drain, wall and (100 m wall (60 m length and average m height) is required. Earthen length and average 3m height)2and 1 Nos.of slab culverts is road has to be Earthen upgraded and widened. required. road has to be upgraded and widened. Approximately 3 nos. of pipe culverts, 1000 m side drain and retaining wall (10 m length and average 2 m height) is required. Earthen road has to be upgraded and widened. Approximately 2 Nos. of pipe culverts, 2000 m side drain, retaining wall (20 m length and average 2 m height) and 1 Nos.of slab culverts is required. Earthen road has to be upgraded and widened. 1 km new road has to be constructed. Approximately 3 Nos. of pipe culverts, 3000 m side drain, retaining wall (100 m length and average 3 m height) and 2 Nos.of slab culverts is required. Earthen road has to be upgraded and widened. 3 nos. of pipe culverts, 3000 m side drain, retaining wall (100 m length and average 2 m height) and 2 Nos.of slab culverts is required. Earthen road has to be upgraded and widened. 500 m new road has to be constructed. Approximately 3 Nos. of pipe culverts, 1500 m side drain, retaining wall (20 m length and average 2 m height) and 1 No. of minor bridge of approx. length 15m is required. Earthen road has to be upgraded and widened. 500 m new road has to be constructed. Approximately 5 Nos. of pipe culverts, 3000 m side drain, retaining wall (50 m length and average 3 m height) and 1 No.of slab culverts is required. Earthen road has to be upgraded and widened. 1 km new road has to be constructed. Approximately 5 Nos. of pipe culverts, 500 m side drain, retaining wall (20 m length and average 2 m height) and 2 No.of slab culverts is required. Earthen road has to be upgraded and widened. 2 km new road has to be constructed. 2 nos. of pipe culverts, 500 m side drain and retaining wall (10 m length and average 2 m height) is required. Earthen road has to be upgraded and widened. 5 nos. of pipe culverts, 2000 m side drain, retaining wall (50 m length and average 2 m height) and 2 No.of slab culverts is required. Earthen road has to be upgraded and widened. 0.50 km new road has to be constructed. 3 nos. of pipe culverts, 4000 m side drain and retaining wall (300 m length and average 3 m height) is required. Earthen road has to be upgraded and widened. 5 km new road has to be constructed. Only 300 m side drain and retaining wall (10 m length and average 2 m height) is required. Earthen road has to be upgraded and widened.

15 Bhatkekopati Jitpur Mahamanjushri

16 Bansbari Dandagaon Jitpur

26B016R

2.45

17 Kharkapul Nyabu

26B017R

3.00

18 Kharkapul Halalgaon

26B018R

3.50

19 Maheshwori Ghat - Devi Highschool (Saudol)

26B019R

4.00

20 Nalinchowk Saudol Phaidhoka

26B020R

3.00

21 Jorpati Puwargaon Dahalgaon Bhangal

26B021R

4.00

22 Jorpati Karkigaon Kaldaha

26B022R

3.00

23 Nangkhel Chamthali Bhatedhikura 24 Jorpati - Chamthali

26B023R

1.50

26B024R

2.50

25 Gunchatole Ghyampedanda Ashapuri

26B025R

7.00

26 Dolgaon Jagate (Police Station)

26B026R

2.50

Annex - B

INVENTORY OF DISTRICT AND VILLAGE ROADS

ii. Village Roads
S.No. Description of Roads Road Code
26B027R

Approx.L ength (km)

3.00

Intervention Required
Approximately 4 Nos. of pipem culverts, 500and m side drain wall and (50 retaining 2 nos. of pipe culverts, 1000 side drain retaining m wall (60 m length and average m height) is required. Earthen length and average 5m height)2is required. Earthen road has toroad be has to be upgraded and widened. upgraded and widened. 5 nos. of pipe culverts, 2000 m side drain and retaining wall (30 m length and average 5 m height) is required. Low quality gravel road and earthen road has to be upgraded and widened. 2 nos. of pipe culverts, 200 m side drain and retaining wall (10 m length and average 2 m height) is required. Earthen road has to be upgraded and widened. 5 nos. of pipe culverts, 1500 m side drain and retaining wall (100 m length and average 2 m height) is required. Low quality gravel and earthen road has to be upgraded and widened. 10 nos. of pipe culverts, 3000 m side drain and retaining wall (250 m length and average 3 m height) is required. For low quality gravel and earthen road has to be upgraded and widened. 4 nos. of pipe culverts, 200 m side drain, retaining wall (100 m length and average 3 m height) and 1 No.bridge of 15m length is required. Earthen road has to be upgraded and widened. DoR has prepared to black top the road. 5 nos. of pipe culverts, 1000 m side drain, retaining wall (100 m length and average 2 m height) and 1 No.of slab culverts is required. Earthen road has to be upgraded and widened. 5 nos. of pipe culverts, 1000 m side drain and retaining wall (25 m length and average 2 m height) is required. Earthen road has to be upgraded and widened.

27 Dandagaon Aadarsha Chowk

28 Gundu VDC Office (Tithali) Hinchowk

26B028R

3.00

29 Budhigandaki bridge Kivachowk Makalepati

26B029R

2.00

30 Basnet Gaon (VDC office, Gundu) Rani Khola - Pipaldanda

26B030R

3.00

31 Pandobazar Ganeshbatika Kaspaltole Koldanda

26B031R

3.50

32 Shushil Bhairab Thapatole - Amar Chalachitra

26B032R

2.00

33 Srijananagar - Basutole Kaspaltole 26B033R 34 Nayathimi - Hinchowk Gamcha Dadhikot Tarkhagal 26B034R

1.50 5.50

35 Gamcha - Dadhikot Sumelgaon

26B035R

2.00

36 Dakshinbarahi Salampakha Chitrapur Kheusi Dadhikot Tarkhagal 37 Chitrapur - Sirutar Karkigaon

26B036R

6.00

10 nos. of pipe culverts, 200 m side drain and retaining wall (10 m length and average 2 m height) is required. Earthen road has to be upgraded and widened. 3 nos. of pipe culverts, 500 m side drain, retaining wall (20 m length and average 2 m height) and 1 No.of slab culverts is required. Earthen road has to be upgraded and widened. 5 nos. of pipe culverts, 1000 m side drain and retaining wall (50 m length and average 2 m height) is required. Earthen road has to be upgraded and widened. 5 nos. of pipe culverts, 1200 m side drain and retaining wall (50 m length and average 2 m height) is required. Earthen road has to be upgraded and widened. The narrow road has to be widened. The road standard has to be upgraded. Some cross drainage structures and road side drainage structures have to be constructed. The retaining structures at certain critical sites have to be constructed.

26B037R

1.50

38 Saraswati Mandir Nayabasti

26B038R

1.80

39 Mahendraswami H. School Adhikaritole 40 Baghmarepati - Prajapatitole

26B039R

1.30

26B040R

1.70

Annex - B

INVENTORY OF DISTRICT AND VILLAGE ROADS

ii. Village Roads
S.No. Description of Roads Road Code
26B041R

Approx.L ength (km)

1.60

Intervention Required
Approximately 4 Nos. ofbe pipe culverts, 500 m side drain has and to retaining The narrow road has to widened. The road standard be wall (60 m Some length cross and average 2m height) is required. Earthen road upgraded. drainage structures and road side drainage has to be upgraded and widened. The retaining structures at certain structures have to be constructed. critical sites have to be constructed. The narrow road has to be widened. The road standard has to be upgraded. Some cross drainage structures and road side drainage structures have to be constructed. The retaining structures at certain critical sites have to be constructed. The narrow road has to be widened. The road standard has to be upgraded. Some cross drainage structures and road side drainage structures have to be constructed. The retaining structures at certain critical sites have to be constructed. The narrow road has to be widened. The road standard has to be upgraded. Some cross drainage structures and road side drainage structures have to be constructed. The retaining structures at certain critical sites have to be constructed. The narrow road has to be widened. The road standard has to be upgraded. Some cross drainage structures and road side drainage structures have to be constructed. The retaining structures at certain critical sites have to be constructed. The narrow road has to be widened. The road standard has to be upgraded. Some cross drainage structures and road side drainage structures have to be constructed. The retaining structures at certain critical sites have to be constructed. The narrow road has to be widened. The road standard has to be upgraded. Some cross drainage structures and road side drainage structures have to be constructed. The retaining structures at certain critical sites have to be constructed. The narrow road has to be widened. The road standard has to be upgraded. Some cross drainage structures and road side drainage structures have to be constructed. The retaining structures at certain critical sites have to be constructed.

41 Sudal VDC Ward No. 4 - Healthpost

42 Bhandarigaon - Old Health Post Mahadevsthan

26B042R

1.45

43 Chareli - Kalamasi

26B043R

1.00

44 Ward No. 8 - Ward No. 6 of Sipadol

26B044R

2.40

45 Ward No. 1 - Ward No. 2 of Sipadol

26B045R

1.45

46 Ward No. 7 - Ward No. 8 of Sirutar

26B046R

1.50

47 Arniko High School (Gamcha) - Via Sirutar Ward No. 7 & 8 - Lubu

26B047R

2.10

48 Adhikaritole - Via Sirutar - Lubu

26B048R

1.50