MODULE 2
SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN LIFE CYCLE Contents
2.1 Systems Analysis and Design life Cycle: Requirements determination, requirements specifications 2.2 Feasibility analysis, final specifications, hardware and software study, system design, system implementation, system evaluation, system modification. 2.3 Role of systems analyst, attributes of system analyst, tools used in system analysis
Systems Analysis And Design
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MOTIVATION Designing Information system for an organization is a very complex job. Students should know how to logically divide a complex job into smaller manageable steps. Each step must have a logical beginning and end and must be self contained.
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MOTIVATION
Division of large jobs into logical steps will Enable one to assess progress at the end of each step
Steps may be assigned to persons with specialized competance Allocation of human and financial resources appropriate for each step can be planned
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LEARNING GOALS 1. Nine Steps in designing Information Systems. 2. Tasks performed in each step. 3. Nature of tasks performed by Systems Analysts. 4. The attributes of Systems Analysts. 5. The tools used by Systems Analysts.
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LIFE CYCLE OF SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
Steps involved in Analysis and Design
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
2.1.1
Requirements Determinations Requirements Specifications Feasibility Analysis Final Specifications Hardware Study System Design System Implementation System Evaluation System Modification
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LIFE CYCLE OF SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
Step 1 : Requirements Determination
Arrived at by a consensus among managers Priorities among applications determined Pick high priority applications.
2.1.2
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LIFE CYCLE OF SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
Step 2 : Requirements Specification
Known as System Requirements Specification (SRS) Understand the existing System Applications where a system is required are listed Arrive at the specifications of the users Requirements after discussions with the user A system may encompass several applications
2.1.3
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LIFE CYCLE OF SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
Step 3 : Feasibility Analysis Formulate Goals of the system and quantify goals
Find alternative methods of meeting the goals For each alternative assess resources needed - Human Resources - Time and Money - Equipment needed Assess cost of each alternative Find the best alternative method subject to resource constraints
2.2.1
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LIFE CYCLE OF SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
Step 4 : Final Specifications
Specifications would state what the system would achieve. Specification drawn up are improved for implementation. SRS written- given to user and agreement reached
2.2.2
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LIFE CYCLE OF SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
Step 5 : Hardware Study
Determine Hardware and Software required to execute the application. Determine Response time,Volume of data to be processed, Frequency of reports etc & then pick the hardware.
2.2.3
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LIFE CYCLE OF SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
Step 6 : System Design
Logical Design of the System Objects Identified Database Designed Program Specification drawn up Implementation Plan Drawn up Test Plan
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LIFE CYCLE OF SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
Step 7 : System Implementation
Write Programs Create Database Document System Train Users Trial run of the system
Test and Accept
2.2.5
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LIFE CYCLE OF SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
Step 8 : System evaluation
Find out from Users whether the System meets specified requirements. List areas of dissatisfaction and find reasons Suggest if there has to be any improvements to the system
2.2.6
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LIFE CYCLE OF SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
Step 9 : System Modification
Fix errors Add/Delete features as required by users Tune the System Continuously monitor system and assess performance
2.2.7
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System Life Cycle Diagram
User Requirements Revised Prioritized Requirements Specifications Requirements Specification Feasibility Analysis Feasibility Study
Requirements Determination Decision to Design Information System System Implementation System System Evaluation
Test Plan Logical Design Functional Specifications
System Design
System Specification Analysis
Configuration Data Hardware Study
Physical Requirements
Revised Requirements System Maintenance
Budget & schedule
Improved System
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ROLE OF SYSTEMS ANALYST Defining Requirements - Involves Interviewing Users Prioritizing Requirements - Obtain Users Consensus Fact Gathering - Data, Facts, Opinions of Managers - Lower level Users should be consulted
2.3.1
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ROLE OF SYSTEMS ANALYST Analysis and evaluation - Arrive at appropriate system Solving problems - Hazy requirements converted into specific requirements - Suggest many alternative solutions - Quantify cost and benefits
2.3.2
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ROLE OF SYSTEMS ANALYST Drawing up specifications
- FUNCTIONAL SPECIFICATIONS
- Understood by users and programmers - Accepted by users - Precise and detailed - Account for possible changes
2.3.3
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ROLE OF SYSTEMS ANALYST
SYSTEM DESIGN Logical design of system - Objects identification - Normalizing database - Test plan Design must be modular to accommodate change
2.3.4
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ROLE OF SYSTEMS ANALYST
Evaluating Systems - Evaluation after use for sometime - Plan periodicity for evaluation - Modify as needed
2.3.5
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ATTRIBUTES OF A SYSTEMS ANALYST
KNOWLEDGE OF ORGANISATION
- Knowing users jargon & practices - Know Management functions.
KNOWLEDGE OF COMPUTERS AND SOFTWARE
- Knowledge of system design tools - Keep abreast of modern developments
2.3.6
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ATTRIBUTES OF A SYSTEMS ANALYST
GOOD INTERPERSONNAL RELATIONS
- Need to work as team member - Lead smaller teams - Interface with programmers & Users - Motivator.
ABILITY TO COMMUNICATE
- Oral Presentation - Report Writing - Answer queries
2.3.7
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ATTRIBUTES OF A SYSTEMS ANALYST
ANALYTICAL MIND
- Problem solving attitude - Ability to assess trade offs - Sound commonsense - Curiosity to learn about new organizations
BREADTH OF KNOWLEDGE
- Broad Liberal Knowledge - Variety of jobs to be tackled in diverse organizations
2.3.8
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TOOLS USED BY SYSTEMS ANALYST Data Flow Diagram Decision Tables Modeling Language such as UML Normalization of Databases Testing tools ISO/CMM procedure manuals
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