Users Guide

Version 8
Version 8

Weibull++/ALTA 8 Users Guide
Part Identification: RPUGWA8
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10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Contents
Weibull++ 8 Users Guide i
Contents
1 Introduction................................................................................................................ 1
1.1 Technical Support ............................................................................................................................................ 1
1.1.1 When Requesting Support ..................................................................................................................... 2
1.2 ReliaSoft Consulting........................................................................................................................................ 2
1.3 Minimum System Requirements ..................................................................................................................... 3
1.3.1 A Note About Enterprise Database Servers........................................................................................... 4
1.4 License Registration and Activation................................................................................................................ 4
1.4.1 How to Activate Each Application on Your Computer ......................................................................... 5
[Link] Basic Instructions with Direct Communication to the License Server........................................ 5
[Link] Problems Communicating with the Server.................................................................................. 6
[Link].1 Possible Solutions: .............................................................................................................6
[Link] Multiple Ways to Activate........................................................................................................... 7
1.5 Internet Connectivity in Version 8................................................................................................................. 10
1.6 Introduction to the Synthesis Platform.......................................................................................................... 10
1.6.1 Centralized Data Storage and Flexible Permissions............................................................................ 10
1.6.2 Integration with Other Synthesis Elements ......................................................................................... 11
1.6.3 Messages and Action Tracking............................................................................................................ 11
1.6.4 Take Advantage of Internet Connectivity............................................................................................ 11
1.7 Weibull++ Features Overview....................................................................................................................... 12
1.7.1 Standard Life Data Analysis (LDA) .................................................................................................... 12
1.7.2 Degradation Data Analysis.................................................................................................................. 13
1.7.3 Non-Parametric Life Data Analysis..................................................................................................... 13
1.7.4 Warranty Data Analysis....................................................................................................................... 13
1.7.5 Convert Maintenance Event Logs to Failure and Repair Data............................................................ 14
1.7.6 Recurrent Event Data Analysis (RDA) for Repairable Systems ......................................................... 14
1.7.7 Reliability Test Design ........................................................................................................................ 14
1.7.8 Target Reliability Estimator................................................................................................................. 15
1.8 ALTA Features Overview.............................................................................................................................. 15
1.8.1 Accelerated Life Testing Data Analysis .............................................................................................. 15
1.8.2 Time-Varying Stress Profiles ............................................................................................................... 16
1.8.3 Accelerated Degradation Analysis ...................................................................................................... 17
1.8.4 Accelerated Life Test Planning............................................................................................................ 17
1.9 Features Common to Weibull++ and ALTA.................................................................................................. 17
1.9.1 Plots and Charts to Visualize Your Analysis Results .......................................................................... 17
1.9.2 Monte Carlo Simulation ...................................................................................................................... 17
1.9.3 Stress-Strength Calculator and Life Comparison Test......................................................................... 18
Contents
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1.9.4 Reliability Block Diagrams for Competing Failure Modes................................................................. 18
1.9.5 Workbooks and Reports for Custom Analysis..................................................................................... 18
1.9.6 Quick Parameter Estimator (QPE)....................................................................................................... 18
1.9.7 Quick Statistical Reference.................................................................................................................. 19
1.9.8 Non-Linear Equation Fit Solver and Root Finder ............................................................................... 19
1.10 What's New in Version 8?............................................................................................................................ 19
2 Working in Synthesis .............................................................................................. 21
2.1 Standard and Enterprise Databases................................................................................................................ 22
2.1.1 Note About Establishing a Database Server with Oracle or SQL Server............................................ 23
2.1.2 Creating a New Standard Database ..................................................................................................... 24
2.1.3 Opening an Existing Standard Database.............................................................................................. 24
2.1.4 Creating a New Enterprise Database ................................................................................................... 25
2.1.5 Connecting to an Existing Enterprise Database................................................................................... 27
2.2 Overview of Security Options ....................................................................................................................... 28
2.2.1 Private and Public Projects .................................................................................................................. 29
2.2.2 Project Owner ...................................................................................................................................... 30
2.2.3 Repository-Level vs. Project-Level Security....................................................................................... 31
[Link] Repository-Level Security........................................................................................................ 31
[Link] Project-Level Security............................................................................................................... 32
2.2.4 Manage Repository Security................................................................................................................ 34
[Link] Creating User Accounts............................................................................................................. 35
[Link] Creating Security Groups .......................................................................................................... 36
[Link] Table of Database Permissions.................................................................................................. 37
2.2.5 User Login and Contact Info ............................................................................................................... 40
2.2.6 Import Users from Active Directory.................................................................................................... 41
2.2.7 SQL Sever Logins or Using Impersonation......................................................................................... 42
[Link] Creating Individual SQL Server Logins.................................................................................... 42
[Link] Using a Group Login................................................................................................................. 43
[Link] Using Windows Impersonation for the Connection File........................................................... 43
2.2.8 Lock and Unlock Projects.................................................................................................................... 45
2.2.9 Check In or Check Out Projects .......................................................................................................... 45
2.2.10 Item Permissions................................................................................................................................ 47
2.3 Simultaneous Access by Multiple Users ....................................................................................................... 47
2.3.1 Status Indicators.................................................................................................................................. 48
2.3.2 Prior Logins ......................................................................................................................................... 49
2.3.3 Reset In Use Flags............................................................................................................................ 49
2.4 E-mail Settings............................................................................................................................................... 50
2.4.1 Notification Groups ............................................................................................................................. 51
2.5 Manage Units................................................................................................................................................. 51
2.6 Manage Warranty Units ................................................................................................................................. 52
2.7 Default Name Formats................................................................................................................................... 59
2.8 Task Types ..................................................................................................................................................... 60
2.9 Global Identifiers ........................................................................................................................................... 60
2.10 Project Categories ........................................................................................................................................ 61
2.11 Project Baselines.......................................................................................................................................... 62
2.11.1 Create/Restore Baselines for a Project............................................................................................... 63
2.11.2 Manage all Baselines that Exist for the Database.............................................................................. 63
2.12 Backups and Database Maintenance............................................................................................................ 64
2.13 Projects......................................................................................................................................................... 65
Contents
Weibull++ 8 Users Guide iii
2.13.1 Project Properties............................................................................................................................... 66
2.13.2 Project Item Wizard........................................................................................................................... 68
2.13.3 Manage Projects................................................................................................................................. 68
2.14 Multiple Document Interface (MDI) ........................................................................................................... 69
2.14.1 Project Manager................................................................................................................................. 70
[Link] Project List............................................................................................................................... 73
[Link] Filter Properties Window ........................................................................................................ 74
[Link] Current Project Explorer.......................................................................................................... 75
2.14.2 My Portal ........................................................................................................................................... 76
[Link] Message Window.................................................................................................................... 78
2.14.3 Control Panels.................................................................................................................................... 78
[Link] Control Panel Identifiers Page................................................................................................. 81
[Link] Control Panel Publishing Page ................................................................................................ 82
[Link] Control Panel Notifications Page ............................................................................................ 84
2.14.4 Data Sheets ........................................................................................................................................ 85
[Link] General Spreadsheets............................................................................................................... 87
2.14.5 Select Existing Window..................................................................................................................... 88
[Link] Filtering and Inserting Existing Text Descriptions ................................................................. 88
[Link] Data Sources for Select Existing Window.............................................................................. 89
2.14.6 Change Units Window....................................................................................................................... 89
2.14.7 Ribbon ............................................................................................................................................... 90
[Link] Quick Access Toolbar ............................................................................................................. 91
[Link] Backstage View (File Tab)...................................................................................................... 92
[Link] ReliaSoft Online Pane ............................................................................................................. 94
[Link] Help Center.............................................................................................................................. 94
[Link] Home Tab................................................................................................................................ 95
[Link] My Portal Tab.......................................................................................................................... 97
[Link] Project Tab............................................................................................................................... 98
[Link] Insert Tab................................................................................................................................. 99
[Link] View Tab ............................................................................................................................... 101
[Link] ALTA Tab ........................................................................................................................... 102
[Link] Degradation Tab.................................................................................................................. 104
[Link] Diagram Tab........................................................................................................................ 105
[Link] Equation Fit Solver Tab....................................................................................................... 107
[Link] Event Log Tab..................................................................................................................... 107
[Link] Life Comparison Tab........................................................................................................... 108
[Link] Life Data Tab....................................................................................................................... 108
[Link] Non-Parametric LDA Tab ................................................................................................... 110
[Link] Plot Tab ............................................................................................................................... 111
[Link] Recurrent Event Data Tab ................................................................................................... 111
[Link] Sheet Options Tab ............................................................................................................... 112
[Link] SimuMatic (A) Tab.............................................................................................................. 114
[Link] SimuMatic (B) Tab.............................................................................................................. 114
[Link] Stress Profile Tab ................................................................................................................ 114
[Link] Stress-Strength Tab ............................................................................................................. 114
[Link] Test Design Tab................................................................................................................... 115
[Link] Test Plans Tab ..................................................................................................................... 115
[Link] Warranty Tab....................................................................................................................... 115
[Link] Workbook Tab..................................................................................................................... 117
2.15 Attachments ............................................................................................................................................... 117
2.15.1 Adding Attachments to Projects ...................................................................................................... 118
2.15.2 Adding Attachments to Resources................................................................................................... 119
Contents
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2.16 Importing and Exporting............................................................................................................................ 119
2.16.1 Import/Export Entire Projects.......................................................................................................... 119
2.16.2 Import/Export Items or Resources................................................................................................... 120
2.16.3 Import from Previous Versions........................................................................................................ 121
2.16.4 File Import and Conversion............................................................................................................. 122
[Link] Creating and Using Import Mappings in the File Import Wizard ......................................... 123
2.16.5 Import from Existing Repository..................................................................................................... 124
3 Resources............................................................................................................... 127
3.1 Types of Resources ...................................................................................................................................... 127
3.1.1 Resource Wizards .............................................................................................................................. 129
[Link] Selecting an Existing Resource ............................................................................................... 130
[Link] Creating a Resource................................................................................................................. 130
[Link] Editing a Resource................................................................................................................... 130
[Link] Removing a Resource.............................................................................................................. 131
3.2 Resource Manager ....................................................................................................................................... 131
3.2.1 Basic Operations................................................................................................................................ 131
3.2.2 Advanced Operations......................................................................................................................... 132
3.2.3 Exporting Information from the Resource Manager ......................................................................... 133
3.2.4 Resource Manager Display Characteristics....................................................................................... 133
3.2.5 Column Chooser ................................................................................................................................ 134
3.2.6 Advanced Filters................................................................................................................................ 135
3.3 Select Resource Window............................................................................................................................. 137
3.4 Dependency Viewer ..................................................................................................................................... 137
3.4.1 Graphical Dependency Viewer .......................................................................................................... 139
3.5 Universal Reliability Definitions (URDs) ................................................................................................... 142
3.6 Models ......................................................................................................................................................... 142
3.6.1 Model Window.................................................................................................................................. 146
3.6.2 Model Wizard .................................................................................................................................... 147
[Link] Selecting an Existing Model.................................................................................................... 148
[Link] Creating a Model ..................................................................................................................... 148
[Link] Editing a Model ....................................................................................................................... 150
[Link] Removing a Model .................................................................................................................. 150
3.7 Actions ......................................................................................................................................................... 150
3.7.1 Action Notifications Window............................................................................................................ 153
3.7.2 E-mail Action Window...................................................................................................................... 153
4 Weibull++ Standard Folios.................................................................................... 155
4.1 Weibull++ Standard Folio Setup.................................................................................................................. 156
4.1.1 Time Units ......................................................................................................................................... 156
4.2 Data Types ................................................................................................................................................... 157
4.2.1 A Note About Subset IDs .................................................................................................................. 157
4.2.2 Times-to-Failure Data........................................................................................................................ 157
4.2.3 Times-to-Failure with Suspensions (Right Censored Data) .............................................................. 158
4.2.4 Times-to-Failure with Interval and Left Censored Data.................................................................... 159
4.2.5 Times-to-Failure with All Types of Data........................................................................................... 160
4.2.6 Free-Form (Probit) Data .................................................................................................................... 160
4.3 Weibull++ Standard Folio Control Panel..................................................................................................... 160
4.3.1 Parts of the Standard Folio Control Panel ......................................................................................... 161
4.3.2 Selecting the Settings for the Analysis .............................................................................................. 163
Contents
Weibull++ 8 Users Guide v
4.3.3 Evaluating the Results ....................................................................................................................... 165
4.4 Weibull++ Standard Folio Analysis Settings............................................................................................... 167
4.5 Life Data Analysis Plots .............................................................................................................................. 169
4.6 Weibull++ Quick Calculation Pad ............................................................................................................... 172
4.6.1 How to Use the QCP.......................................................................................................................... 172
4.6.2 QCP Calculations .............................................................................................................................. 174
4.7 Life Data Analysis Example ........................................................................................................................ 176
4.8 Weibull++ Distribution Wizard ................................................................................................................... 178
4.8.1 Comparing Distributions ................................................................................................................... 178
4.8.2 Goodness of Fit Tests......................................................................................................................... 179
4.8.3 Setup Window.................................................................................................................................... 180
4.9 Batch Auto Run ........................................................................................................................................... 181
4.9.1 Batch Auto Run Setup ....................................................................................................................... 181
4.9.2 Processing Preferences ...................................................................................................................... 182
4.10 Goodness of Fit Results ............................................................................................................................. 184
4.11 Auto Group Data........................................................................................................................................ 184
4.12 Mixed Weibull Analysis ............................................................................................................................ 185
4.13 Bayesian-Weibull Analysis........................................................................................................................ 189
4.13.1 Example ........................................................................................................................................... 189
4.14 Competing Failure Modes (CFM) Analysis .............................................................................................. 192
4.14.1 Example of CFM Analysis .............................................................................................................. 193
4.14.2 Using Reliability Block Diagrams (RBDs) for Failure Modes Analysis ........................................ 196
[Link] Example of Using RBDs for Failure Modes Analysis .......................................................... 196
4.15 Alter Parameters Without Recalculation.................................................................................................... 198
4.16 Alter One Parameter and Recalculate........................................................................................................ 198
4.17 Specify Points ............................................................................................................................................ 198
4.18 Calculations with No Data Entered ........................................................................................................... 200
5 ALTA Standard Folios ........................................................................................... 203
5.1 ALTA Standard Folio Setup......................................................................................................................... 204
5.2 ALTA Standard Folio Control Panel............................................................................................................ 207
5.2.1 Parts of the Control Panel .................................................................................................................. 208
5.2.2 Analysis Settings ............................................................................................................................... 210
5.2.3 Calculating and Interpreting the Results............................................................................................ 211
5.2.4 Evaluating the Model Fit ................................................................................................................... 212
5.3 ALTA Plots................................................................................................................................................... 212
5.4 Select Stress Columns.................................................................................................................................. 215
5.5 Stress Transformation .................................................................................................................................. 215
5.6 Use Stress Level........................................................................................................................................... 216
5.7 ALTA Quick Calculation Pad ...................................................................................................................... 216
5.7.1 How to Use the QCP.......................................................................................................................... 216
5.7.2 QCP Calculations .............................................................................................................................. 218
5.8 ALTA Single-Stress Example ...................................................................................................................... 220
5.9 ALTA Two-Stress Example ......................................................................................................................... 222
5.10 Time-Dependent Stress Profiles................................................................................................................. 225
5.10.1 Creating Stress Profiles.................................................................................................................... 225
5.10.2 Using Stress Profiles in the ALTA Standard Folio .......................................................................... 227
5.10.3 Stress Profile Example..................................................................................................................... 229
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5.11 ALTA Distribution Wizard......................................................................................................................... 232
5.12 Add or Remove Columns .......................................................................................................................... 233
5.13 Likelihood Ratio Test................................................................................................................................. 234
5.14 Transfer Data to Weibull++ ....................................................................................................................... 235
5.15 Convert Stress Values ................................................................................................................................ 237
5.16 Alter Parameters Without Recalculation.................................................................................................... 238
5.17 Alter One Parameter and Recalculate........................................................................................................ 238
5.18 Calculations with Insufficient Data Entered.............................................................................................. 238
6 Weibull++ Degradation Analysis .......................................................................... 241
6.1 Weibull++ Degradation Analysis Folio ....................................................................................................... 241
6.2 Weibull++ Degradation Plot Sheet .............................................................................................................. 245
6.3 Weibull++ Degradation Analysis Example ................................................................................................. 246
6.4 Degradation Model Wizard.......................................................................................................................... 248
7 ALTA Degradation Analysis.................................................................................. 251
7.1 ALTA Degradation Analysis Folio .............................................................................................................. 251
7.2 ALTA Degradation Plot Sheet ..................................................................................................................... 255
7.3 ALTA Degradation Analysis Example......................................................................................................... 256
7.4 ALTA Degradation Model Wizard............................................................................................................... 258
8 Non-Parametric LDA Folio.................................................................................... 261
8.1 Non-Parametric LDA Folio Data Sheet ....................................................................................................... 261
8.2 Control Panel Settings ................................................................................................................................. 264
8.3 Transferring the Data to a Weibull++ Standard Folio.................................................................................. 266
8.4 Non-Parametric LDA Example ................................................................................................................... 266
8.4.1 Evaluating the Life Data Model ........................................................................................................ 270
8.4.2 Obtaining Results for Other Points in Time ...................................................................................... 271
9 Warranty Analysis.................................................................................................. 273
9.1 Warranty Analysis Folio Setup .................................................................................................................... 273
9.2 Nevada Chart Format ................................................................................................................................... 277
9.2.1 Setting Up the Chart and Entering Data ............................................................................................ 277
9.2.2 Zero-Time Failures ............................................................................................................................ 280
9.2.3 Statistical Process Control ................................................................................................................. 282
9.2.4 Example of a Nevada Chart Warranty Analysis ................................................................................ 284
9.3 Times-to-Failure Format .............................................................................................................................. 288
9.3.1 Entering Data..................................................................................................................................... 288
9.3.2 Example of a Times-to-Failure Warranty Analysis ........................................................................... 289
9.4 Dates of Failure Format ............................................................................................................................... 293
9.4.1 Entering Data..................................................................................................................................... 293
9.4.2 Example of a Dates of Failure Warranty Analysis ............................................................................ 295
9.5 Usage Format ............................................................................................................................................... 298
9.5.1 Entering Data..................................................................................................................................... 298
9.5.2 Estimating Usage............................................................................................................................... 301
9.5.3 Interval Width Estimator ................................................................................................................... 305
9.5.4 Example of a Usage Format Warranty Analysis................................................................................ 308
9.6 Forecasting Warranty Returns...................................................................................................................... 311
9.7 Warranty Analysis Plots............................................................................................................................... 312
Contents
Weibull++ 8 Users Guide vii
10 Event Log Folios.................................................................................................. 315
10.1 Setting Up the Event Log Folio ................................................................................................................. 315
10.2 Event Log Control Panel Settings.............................................................................................................. 317
10.3 Event Log Data Analysis Example............................................................................................................ 320
10.4 Set Shift Pattern ......................................................................................................................................... 324
10.5 Systems Setup............................................................................................................................................ 325
10.6 Transfer Life Data...................................................................................................................................... 326
11 Recurrent Event Data Analysis (RDA) Folios.................................................... 329
11.1 Non-Parametric RDA Folio ....................................................................................................................... 329
11.1.1 Setting Up the Folio and Evaluating Results ................................................................................... 330
11.1.2 Non-Parametric RDA Example ....................................................................................................... 333
11.2 Parametric RDA Folio ............................................................................................................................... 335
11.2.1 Setting up the Folio.......................................................................................................................... 336
11.2.2 Parametric RDA Folio Control Panel Setting.................................................................................. 337
11.2.3 Parametric RDA Folio Quick Calculation Pad................................................................................ 340
11.2.4 How to Use the QCP........................................................................................................................ 340
11.2.5 QCP Calculations............................................................................................................................. 341
11.2.6 Parametric RDA Folio Plots ............................................................................................................ 343
11.2.7 Parametric RDA Example ............................................................................................................... 344
12 Plots ...................................................................................................................... 347
12.1 Plot Sheet Control Panel ............................................................................................................................ 348
12.1.1 F/S Histogram Options .................................................................................................................... 351
12.2 Setting Confidence Bounds ....................................................................................................................... 352
12.3 Show/Hide Plot Items Window.................................................................................................................. 353
12.4 Contour Plots ............................................................................................................................................. 354
12.4.1 Comparing Data Sets ....................................................................................................................... 354
12.5 Specifying Life Lines................................................................................................................................. 355
12.6 Overlay Plots.............................................................................................................................................. 356
12.6.1 Plot Types ........................................................................................................................................ 357
12.6.2 Overlay Plot Control Panel .............................................................................................................. 358
12.7 Side-by-Side Plots...................................................................................................................................... 358
12.7.1 Side-by-Side Plots Control Panel .................................................................................................... 360
12.8 Tips on Working with Plots ....................................................................................................................... 362
12.9 Override Plot Color.................................................................................................................................... 363
12.10 3D Plot ..................................................................................................................................................... 364
12.10.1 3D Plot Control Panel .................................................................................................................... 365
12.10.2 Rotating the Chart.......................................................................................................................... 366
12.10.3 Alter Parameters - 3D Plot............................................................................................................. 367
12.10.4 Saving and Opening Saved 3D Plots............................................................................................. 367
12.10.5 3D Plot Ribbon .............................................................................................................................. 367
[Link] File....................................................................................................................................... 367
[Link] Edit ...................................................................................................................................... 368
[Link] Actions................................................................................................................................. 368
12.10.6 3D Plot Quick Access Toolbar ...................................................................................................... 369
13 Plot Setup............................................................................................................. 371
13.1 Plot Titles Page .......................................................................................................................................... 372
13.2 Axis Titles/Labels Page ............................................................................................................................. 373
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13.3 Plot Labels Page......................................................................................................................................... 374
13.4 Legend Page............................................................................................................................................... 375
13.5 Canvas Page............................................................................................................................................... 376
13.6 Grid Page ................................................................................................................................................... 377
13.7 Bars Page ................................................................................................................................................... 378
13.8 Slices Page ................................................................................................................................................. 379
13.9 Plot Items Page .......................................................................................................................................... 380
13.10 Offsets Page ............................................................................................................................................. 381
13.11 Plot Defaults Window.............................................................................................................................. 382
13.11.1 Plot Defaults: Titles Page............................................................................................................... 384
13.11.2 Plot Defaults: Plot Item Display Page ........................................................................................... 385
14 ReliaSoft Draw...................................................................................................... 387
14.1 Linking RS Draw....................................................................................................................................... 387
14.2 RS Draw Menu Bar.................................................................................................................................... 388
14.2.1 File Menu......................................................................................................................................... 388
14.2.2 Edit Menu ........................................................................................................................................ 388
[Link] Preferences Window.............................................................................................................. 388
14.2.3 Canvas Menu ................................................................................................................................... 389
14.2.4 Shape Menu ..................................................................................................................................... 389
14.2.5 Help Menu ....................................................................................................................................... 390
14.3 RS Draw Toolbars...................................................................................................................................... 390
14.3.1 Standard Toolbar.............................................................................................................................. 391
14.3.2 Edit Toolbar ..................................................................................................................................... 391
14.3.3 Zoom Toolbar .................................................................................................................................. 392
14.3.4 Draw Toolbar ................................................................................................................................... 392
14.3.5 Customizing Bars in the RS Draw Interface.................................................................................... 394
[Link] Moving Toolbars ................................................................................................................... 394
[Link] Hiding and Showing Toolbars............................................................................................... 394
14.4 Additional Tools......................................................................................................................................... 394
14.5 Object Properties The Tool Options Area............................................................................................. 394
14.5.1 Lines Properties ............................................................................................................................... 395
14.5.2 Fill Properties .................................................................................................................................. 395
14.5.3 Points Properties .............................................................................................................................. 395
14.5.4 Angles Properties............................................................................................................................. 396
14.5.5 Text Properties ................................................................................................................................. 396
14.5.6 Color Properties............................................................................................................................... 397
14.6 Working with Objects: Examples .............................................................................................................. 397
14.6.1 Drawing a Line ................................................................................................................................ 397
14.6.2 Editing an Object ............................................................................................................................. 397
[Link] Example: Editing a Line........................................................................................................ 398
[Link] Example: Resizing a Rectangle............................................................................................. 398
14.7 Saving an Image......................................................................................................................................... 398
15 Chart Wizard and Chart Designer....................................................................... 399
15.1 Chart Wizard.............................................................................................................................................. 399
15.1.1 Gallery Page..................................................................................................................................... 400
15.1.2 Style Page ........................................................................................................................................ 400
15.1.3 Layout Page ..................................................................................................................................... 401
15.1.4 Axes Page ........................................................................................................................................ 402
Contents
Weibull++ 8 Users Guide ix
15.1.5 Chart Types...................................................................................................................................... 402
[Link] Area Charts............................................................................................................................ 402
[Link] Bar Charts.............................................................................................................................. 402
[Link] Bubble Charts ........................................................................................................................ 402
[Link] Clustered Bars ....................................................................................................................... 403
[Link] Combination Charts............................................................................................................... 403
[Link] Elevation Charts: Surface and Contour ................................................................................. 403
[Link] Gantt Charts........................................................................................................................... 403
[Link] Hi-Lo Charts.......................................................................................................................... 403
[Link] Horizontal Bars...................................................................................................................... 404
[Link] Line Charts .......................................................................................................................... 404
[Link] Pie and Doughnut Charts..................................................................................................... 404
[Link] Polar Charts ......................................................................................................................... 404
[Link] Radar Charts ........................................................................................................................ 404
[Link] Step Charts........................................................................................................................... 404
[Link] 3D Scatter Charts................................................................................................................. 404
[Link] 3D XYZ Charts.................................................................................................................... 404
[Link] XY Charts............................................................................................................................ 404
15.1.6 Modifying Charts with the Chart Wizard ........................................................................................ 404
15.1.7 Format Chart Shortcut Menu........................................................................................................... 405
15.2 Chart Designer ........................................................................................................................................... 405
15.2.1 Command Buttons ........................................................................................................................... 406
15.2.2 Element Tree.................................................................................................................................... 406
15.2.3 Chart Designer Pages....................................................................................................................... 407
[Link] Appearance............................................................................................................................ 407
[Link] Backdrop................................................................................................................................ 408
[Link] Base ....................................................................................................................................... 409
[Link] Bubble.................................................................................................................................... 410
[Link] Category Scale....................................................................................................................... 411
[Link] Contour .................................................................................................................................. 412
[Link] Date Formats ......................................................................................................................... 413
[Link] Date Scale.............................................................................................................................. 414
[Link] Defaults.................................................................................................................................. 415
[Link] Display................................................................................................................................. 416
[Link] Elevation.............................................................................................................................. 416
[Link] Extra Intervals ..................................................................................................................... 418
[Link] Fill........................................................................................................................................ 419
[Link] Font...................................................................................................................................... 420
[Link] Format.................................................................................................................................. 421
[Link] Guidelines............................................................................................................................ 421
[Link] Layout.................................................................................................................................. 422
[Link] Lines .................................................................................................................................... 422
[Link] Location............................................................................................................................... 423
[Link] Markers................................................................................................................................ 424
[Link] Multiple Y ........................................................................................................................... 424
[Link] No Pages in Common.......................................................................................................... 425
[Link] Options ................................................................................................................................ 426
[Link] Order.................................................................................................................................... 427
[Link] Other .................................................................................................................................... 428
[Link] Pens...................................................................................................................................... 429
[Link] Percent Format..................................................................................................................... 430
[Link] Picture.................................................................................................................................. 430
[Link] Pie........................................................................................................................................ 431
Contents
x [Link]
[Link] Position................................................................................................................................ 433
[Link] Scale Type ........................................................................................................................... 433
[Link] Series Type .......................................................................................................................... 434
[Link] Statistics............................................................................................................................... 435
[Link] Style..................................................................................................................................... 436
[Link] Text...................................................................................................................................... 436
[Link] 3D Lighting ......................................................................................................................... 437
[Link] 3D View............................................................................................................................... 438
[Link] Type..................................................................................................................................... 439
[Link] Value Format ....................................................................................................................... 440
[Link] Value Scale.......................................................................................................................... 441
[Link] Walls.................................................................................................................................... 442
15.2.4 Editing Chart Data ........................................................................................................................... 443
[Link] Chart Data Grid ..................................................................................................................... 443
[Link] Edit Chart Data Window....................................................................................................... 444
[Link] Edit Chart Data Shortcut Menu ............................................................................................. 445
16 Monte Carlo and SimuMatic................................................................................ 447
16.1 Weibull++ Monte Carlo Utility.................................................................................................................. 448
16.1.1 User-Defined Equations................................................................................................................... 450
16.1.2 User-Defined Equation Example..................................................................................................... 451
16.2 ALTA Monte Carlo Utility......................................................................................................................... 454
16.3 SimuMatic.................................................................................................................................................. 456
16.3.1 Generating Data with Weibull++ SimuMatic.................................................................................. 457
16.3.2 Generating Data with ALTA SimuMatic ......................................................................................... 458
16.3.3 SimuMatic Folio.............................................................................................................................. 458
[Link] Simulation Sheet.................................................................................................................... 459
[Link] Sorted Sheet........................................................................................................................... 459
[Link] Control Panel ......................................................................................................................... 460
[Link] Plot Sheet............................................................................................................................... 461
16.3.4 Transferring Simulated Data to a Weibull++ Standard Folio.......................................................... 461
[Link] Transferring Data to a New Folio.......................................................................................... 462
[Link] Transferring Data to an Existing Folio.................................................................................. 462
16.3.5 Designing Reliability Tests with SimuMatic................................................................................... 463
16.3.6 Weibull++ SimuMatic Example ...................................................................................................... 465
16.3.7 ALTA SimuMatic Example ............................................................................................................. 467
17 Diagrams............................................................................................................... 469
17.1 Building a Diagram.................................................................................................................................... 470
17.1.1 Standard Blocks ............................................................................................................................... 470
17.1.2 Node Blocks..................................................................................................................................... 471
17.1.3 Junction Blocks................................................................................................................................ 473
17.1.4 Annotations...................................................................................................................................... 473
17.1.5 Connecting Blocks in Diagrams ...................................................................................................... 474
17.1.6 Diagram Analysis Constraints ......................................................................................................... 475
17.2 Diagram Control Panel .............................................................................................................................. 477
17.3 Equation Viewer......................................................................................................................................... 479
17.4 Diagram Plot Sheet and Control Panel ...................................................................................................... 481
17.5 Diagram Appearance ................................................................................................................................. 482
17.5.1 Arranging Blocks............................................................................................................................. 482
17.5.2 Diagram Style Window.................................................................................................................... 483
Contents
Weibull++ 8 Users Guide xi
17.5.3 Diagram Skins ................................................................................................................................. 486
17.5.4 Block Style Window........................................................................................................................ 487
17.5.5 Connector Style Window................................................................................................................. 488
17.5.6 Keyboard and Mouse Combinations ............................................................................................... 489
18 Design of Reliability Tests .................................................................................. 493
18.1 Reliability Demonstration Test Design...................................................................................................... 493
18.1.1 Using the RDT Tool......................................................................................................................... 494
18.1.2 Edit Bayesian Subsystems ............................................................................................................... 496
18.1.3 Reliability Demonstration Test Design Example ............................................................................ 497
18.1.4 Parametric Binomial Table and Plot ................................................................................................ 498
18.2 Expected Failure Time Plot........................................................................................................................ 499
18.2.1 Using the Expected Failure Time Plot ............................................................................................. 500
18.2.2 Expected Failure Time Plot Example .............................................................................................. 502
18.3 Difference Detection Matrix...................................................................................................................... 503
18.3.1 Using the Difference Detection Matrix ........................................................................................... 504
18.3.2 Difference Detection Matrix Example............................................................................................. 505
19 Target Reliability Tool ......................................................................................... 507
19.1 Generating a Plot ....................................................................................................................................... 508
19.2 The Control Panel ...................................................................................................................................... 509
20 Tests of Comparison........................................................................................... 511
20.1 Performing Tests of Comparison ............................................................................................................... 511
20.1.1 Folio Setup....................................................................................................................................... 511
20.1.2 Control Panel Settings ..................................................................................................................... 512
20.1.3 Probability Equation........................................................................................................................ 516
20.2 Life Comparison Example ......................................................................................................................... 517
20.3 Stress-Strength Test Example .................................................................................................................... 519
20.4 Target Reliability Parameter Estimator...................................................................................................... 525
21 Equation Fit Solver .............................................................................................. 527
21.1 Using the Equation Fit Solver.................................................................................................................... 527
21.2 Control Panel Settings ............................................................................................................................... 531
22 ALTA Test Plan Utility ......................................................................................... 533
22.1 Generating a Test Plan ............................................................................................................................... 533
22.2 Test Plan Types .......................................................................................................................................... 534
22.3 Test Plan Results Sheet .............................................................................................................................. 535
22.4 Test Plan Control Panel.............................................................................................................................. 536
22.5 Test Plan Utility Example .......................................................................................................................... 537
23 Results Window................................................................................................... 541
24 Non-Linear Equation Root Finder ...................................................................... 543
25 Quick Statistical Reference (QSR) ..................................................................... 545
25.1 QSR Function Option Page........................................................................................................................ 545
25.1.1 Median Ranks .................................................................................................................................. 546
25.1.2 Other Ranks ..................................................................................................................................... 546
25.1.3 Standard Nominal Values ................................................................................................................ 546
25.1.4 Inverse Standard Normal Values ..................................................................................................... 547
Contents
xii [Link]
25.1.5 Cumulative Poisson ......................................................................................................................... 547
25.1.6 Cumulative Binomial Probability.................................................................................................... 547
25.1.7 F-Distribution Values....................................................................................................................... 548
25.1.8 Inverse F-Distribution Values.......................................................................................................... 548
25.1.9 Chi-Squared Values ......................................................................................................................... 549
25.1.10 Incomplete Beta Function.............................................................................................................. 549
25.1.11 Gamma Function............................................................................................................................ 549
25.1.12 Student's t Values ........................................................................................................................... 549
25.2 QSR Interpolation Page ............................................................................................................................. 550
26 Quick Parameter Experimenter (QPE) ............................................................... 553
26.1 Weibull++ Version of the QPE .................................................................................................................. 553
26.1.1 Wizard View.................................................................................................................................... 554
26.1.2 Expert View..................................................................................................................................... 555
26.2 ALTA Version of the QPE.......................................................................................................................... 556
27 Reports ................................................................................................................. 559
27.1 Multiple Data Sources in One Report ........................................................................................................ 560
27.2 Analysis Workbooks .................................................................................................................................. 560
27.2.1 Analysis Workbook Wizard............................................................................................................. 560
27.2.2 Analysis Workbook Control Panel .................................................................................................. 561
27.3 Tools for Working with Spreadsheets ........................................................................................................ 563
27.3.1 Spreadsheet Components................................................................................................................. 563
27.3.2 Referencing Cells in the Spreadsheet .............................................................................................. 564
27.3.3 Check Spelling................................................................................................................................. 565
[Link] Spelling Options Window..................................................................................................... 566
27.3.4 Defining a Name.............................................................................................................................. 566
27.3.5 Goto ................................................................................................................................................. 567
27.3.6 Format Cells - Number Window ..................................................................................................... 568
27.3.7 Calculation Options ......................................................................................................................... 568
27.3.8 Sort................................................................................................................................................... 569
27.3.9 Find.................................................................................................................................................. 570
27.3.10 Sheet Options Window.................................................................................................................. 571
27.3.11 Protecting Cells.............................................................................................................................. 572
27.3.12 Exporting the Spreadsheet ............................................................................................................. 572
27.4 Word Report Templates ............................................................................................................................. 573
27.4.1 Report Templates Wizard ................................................................................................................ 573
27.4.2 Word Report Template Control Panel.............................................................................................. 574
27.4.3 Word Report Template Tools........................................................................................................... 575
[Link] Formatting Paragraphs........................................................................................................... 575
[Link] Find and Replace Window - Word Report Templates .......................................................... 576
[Link] Symbols ................................................................................................................................. 577
[Link] Bookmarks............................................................................................................................. 577
[Link] Hyperlinks ............................................................................................................................. 578
[Link] Tables .................................................................................................................................... 578
[Link] Table Properties - Word Report Templates........................................................................... 579
27.4.4 Word Report Template Ribbon........................................................................................................ 580
[Link] Home Tab.............................................................................................................................. 580
[Link].1 Report ...........................................................................................................................580
[Link].2 Clipboard......................................................................................................................581
[Link].3 Edit ...............................................................................................................................581
Contents
Weibull++ 8 Users Guide xiii
[Link].4 Font...............................................................................................................................581
[Link].5 Paragraph......................................................................................................................581
[Link] Document Tab ....................................................................................................................... 581
[Link].1 Template.......................................................................................................................581
[Link].2 Print ..............................................................................................................................581
[Link].3 Page Setup....................................................................................................................582
[Link].4 Protect...........................................................................................................................582
[Link] Insert Tab............................................................................................................................... 582
[Link].1 Items.............................................................................................................................582
[Link].2 Header/Footer...............................................................................................................583
[Link] View Tab ............................................................................................................................... 583
[Link].1 Document Views..........................................................................................................583
[Link].2 Zoom............................................................................................................................583
[Link].3 Show.............................................................................................................................583
[Link].4 Options .........................................................................................................................583
[Link] Table Tab............................................................................................................................... 583
[Link].1 Design...........................................................................................................................583
[Link].2 Borders .........................................................................................................................584
[Link].3 Alignment.....................................................................................................................584
[Link].4 Rows/Columns .............................................................................................................584
27.5 Using the Function Wizard in Any of the Reporting Tools ....................................................................... 584
27.5.1 Selecting a Function and Making the Other Required Inputs.......................................................... 585
[Link] Select the Function ................................................................................................................ 585
[Link] Select the Data Source........................................................................................................... 586
[Link] Make the Other Required Inputs ........................................................................................... 587
[Link].1 Setting the Stress Level with ALTA Data....................................................................587
[Link] Insert the Function................................................................................................................. 587
27.5.2 A Note About Confidence Bounds.................................................................................................. 588
27.6 Using the Plot Wizard in Word Report Templates..................................................................................... 588
27.7 An Example of Performing a Custom Analysis and Report ...................................................................... 589
28 Printing ................................................................................................................. 591
28.1 Page Setup.................................................................................................................................................. 591
28.1.1 Page Tab........................................................................................................................................... 591
28.1.2 Margins Tab..................................................................................................................................... 592
28.1.3 Header/Footer Tab ........................................................................................................................... 593
28.1.4 Header/Footer Format Codes........................................................................................................... 595
28.2 Print Preview.............................................................................................................................................. 595
28.3 Print Window............................................................................................................................................. 597
29 Application Setup ................................................................................................ 599
29.1 Synthesis Setup.......................................................................................................................................... 599
29.2 Application Setup ...................................................................................................................................... 601
29.2.1 User Page......................................................................................................................................... 602
29.2.2 Weibull++ Folios Page .................................................................................................................... 603
29.2.3 ALTA Folios Page............................................................................................................................ 604
29.2.4 Calculations Page............................................................................................................................. 605
29.2.5 Plot Page .......................................................................................................................................... 607
29.2.6 Display Page .................................................................................................................................... 610
29.2.7 Other Page ....................................................................................................................................... 611
29.2.8 Customize Folio Tools Page ............................................................................................................ 612
29.2.9 Reset Settings Page.......................................................................................................................... 613
Contents
xiv [Link]
Appendix A: Function Wizard Functions................................................................ 615
A.1 Data Entry Tips for Functions..................................................................................................................... 615
A.2 Spreadsheet Functions ................................................................................................................................ 616
A.2.1 Spreadsheet Data Source Functions.................................................................................................. 617
A.2.1.1 Common Functions................................................................................................................. 617
A.2.1.2 Weibull++ Functions .............................................................................................................. 623
A.2.1.3 ALTA Functions..................................................................................................................... 635
A.2.2 Spreadsheet Mathematical Functions ............................................................................................... 645
A.3 Word Report Template Functions ............................................................................................................... 727
A.3.1 Word Report Template General Functions ....................................................................................... 727
A.3.2 Word Report Template Data Source Functions ................................................................................ 729
A.3.3 Word Report Template Confidence Bounds Functions .................................................................... 737
A.3.4 Word Report Template Table Functions ........................................................................................... 741
Weibull++ 8 Users Guide 1
With the release of Version 8, the capabilities of ReliaSoft's Weibull++ and ALTA software tools have been
integrated into a single user interface with the ability to save both types of analyses together in the same project. This
help file provides detailed documentation for both products. The features that are available on your computer will
depend on the license that you have purchased from ReliaSoft. Within the user documentation:
This graphic indicates that a feature is available only for users with a Weibull++
license.
This graphic indicates that a feature is available only for users with an ALTA license.
Both products have also been integrated into the ground-breaking new Synthesis Platform, which offers reliability
practitioners the best of both worlds: analysis tools that are optimized to fully meet the individual user's needs for a
particular set of reliability engineering methodologies, plus integration into a shared repository that is accessible by
multiple users throughout the organization and facilitates integration between all Synthesis-enabled applications
(Synthesis Elements). This powerful new platform makes it feasible to more effectively leverage and integrate the
information from different types of reliability activities throughout the organization.
This chapter provides a wealth of information to help you learn how to use the software to its maximum potential.
Before starting we recommend reading the following sections:
Technical Support - Section 1.1 (p. 1)
ReliaSoft Consulting - Section 1.2 (p. 2)
Minimum System Requirements - Section 1.3 (p. 3)
License Registration and Activation - Section 1.4 (p. 4)
Internet Connectivity in Version 8 - Section 1.5 (p. 10)
Product Features
Introduction to the Synthesis Platform - Section 1.6 (p. 10)
Weibull++ Features Overview - Section 1.7 (p. 12)
ALTA Features Overview - Section 1.8 (p. 15)
Features Common to Weibull++ and ALTA - Section 1.9 (p. 17)
What's New in Version 8? - Section 1.10 (p. 19)
1.1 Technical Support
ReliaSoft's reliability software products are renowned for their ease of use and unparalleled after sale support. For all
standard shrink-wrap software, we provide free technical support for software-related issues via an established (and
Introduction
1
1 Introduction
2 [Link]
growing) network of regional offices and partners/distributors throughout the world. You can request assistance
directly from within the software by choosing File > Help > E-mail Support. This option creates an e-mail message
that is pre-populated with information about your license and operating system, which the technical support
representative will need for troubleshooting the issue.
You can also contact us directly via phone, fax, e-mail, mail or live chat. To find the office that serves your region,
choose File > Help > Global Support Centers or visit [Link] Note that regardless of
your region, you can always request assistance from ReliaSoft's Corporate Headquarters in Tucson, Arizona.
1.1.1 When Requesting Support
When you contact ReliaSoft to request technical support, please be prepared to provide the following information
(note that some of these details can be obtained automatically if you choose File > Help > E-mail Support or if you
select the option to notify support when an error occurs):
Your phone number and e-mail address.
The product name and the Compile Release Version number of your application.
1
Your product license key.
To determine the license for the application on your computer, you can choose File > Application Setup and
look on the User page of the Application Setup window.
The operating system (e.g., Windows 7), RAM and hard disk space on your computer.
Describe what you were doing when the problem occurred and exactly what happened. Please include the specific
wording of any message(s) that appeared.
1.2 ReliaSoft Consulting
If your organization does not have sufficient time, expertise or objectivity in-house to accomplish specific reliability
goals, turning to ReliaSoft's expert reliability consultants can prove to be the most effective and economical solution.
Whether you need a quick statistical analysis, a complete assessment of your reliability program plan or something in
between, ReliaSoft Consulting Services (RCS) is ready to help.
Our reliability consulting services team has combined expertise in almost all areas of reliability and quality
engineering with experience that spans a broad spectrum of product types, from micro-electronics and
appliances to advanced weapons systems and off-shore oil well drilling equipment.
Unlike engaging a consultant who works independently, RCS consultants have direct access to all of ReliaSoft's
global resources, expertise and contacts.
Our team-based approach to consulting, combined with ReliaSoft's global reliability engineering organization,
allows us to provide you with reliability consultants who understand your culture and speak your language while
ensuring that the appropriate reliability expertise can be applied to each and every project.
RCS is structured to accommodate requests of any size or complexity, from short telephone consultations to
multiple experts at a client's site for an extended time period.
1.
To determine the Compile Release Version (CRV) of the application on your computer, choose File > Help. The CRV is
displayed in the About area. Note that the CRV will also indicate whether you are running the 32-Bit version or the 64-Bit version
of the software
Note: ReliaSoft's technical support representatives are not reliability consultants, and their assistance is limited to
technical issues that you may encounter with the software tools. To get assistance with your analysis, please contact
ReliaSoft Consulting Services.
1.3 Minimum System Requirements
Weibull++ 8 Users Guide 3
Please visit [Link] for a published list of commonly requested services, answers to
frequently asked questions, and other useful information about this service.
1.3 Minimum System Requirements
This section describes the minimum system requirements for all Synthesis Elements.
ReliaSoft provides a tool that can help you determine whether you should install the 32-bit or 64-bit version of
Synthesis. The tool will also tell you whether your computer and Internet connection meet the requirements for
running and activating Synthesis. To download the tool, refer to Technical Support Document RS40025.
System Hardware Requirements
CPU Speed 1.5 GHz or higher
Processor Intel Pentium or higher
Memory/RAM 2 GB or higher
Display Properties 24-bit color depth
Screen Resolution 1024 x 768 or higher at normal size (96 dpi)
Swap Space Determined by the operating system, 500 MB or higher
Disk Space 1 GB for installing the Synthesis Elements
Video/Graphics Adapter 64 MB RAM or higher
Internet Access Internet access is required for the License Manager and
optional for using the Internet-enabled features in the software
interface. See Section 1.5 on page 10.
Operating Systems Supported
Microsoft Windows
XP - 32-bit (Service Pack 3 or higher)
Vista - 32-bit and 64-bit (Service Pack 1 or higher)
Windows 7 - 32-bit and 64-bit
Microsoft Windows
Server
Requires a license that
specifically allows Server
installations/deployments.
2003 R2
2008 - 32-bit and 64-bit (Service Pack 2 or higher)
2008 RS
Microsoft Office Integration
Microsoft Office 2000 or higher (Excel, Word and Outlook) are required for automated
exports, report generation and e-mail/calendar integration. ReliaSoft recommends MS Office
2010.
Both 32-bit and 64-bit versions of Office are supported provided that you install the same
version (32-bit or 64-bit) of Synthesis, as explained in the following note.
1 Introduction
4 [Link]
1.3.1 A Note About Enterprise Database Servers
Although the enterprise database platform (Microsoft SQL Server or Oracle) could be installed on the same computer
where the Synthesis-enabled applications reside, most organizations will choose to set up a separate server to host the
database. Both the 32-bit and 64-bit versions of the Synthesis-enabled applications will work with either the 32-bit or
64-bit versions of a back-end database/server. The minimum hardware/software requirements for each server hosting
the database should be obtained directly from the selected database vendor (i.e., Microsoft or Oracle). In general,
ReliaSoft recommends a minimum CPU speed of 2 GHz and 4 GB of RAM.
1.4 License Registration and Activation
The first time you run each Synthesis-enabled application, you will be prompted to register and activate the product
on your computer. The License Manager wizard will guide you through the steps to provide your registration details
and Product License Key. If you have an active Internet connection, you can complete the activation automatically
via the wizard. If you do not currently have an active Internet connection, you can choose to implement the free 7-day
trial or you can request an activation code from ReliaSoft and enter it manually when prompted by the wizard.
When the activation process is complete, you will receive a confirmation e-mail that includes your ReliaSoft ID and
password. Please store this information in a safe place. It will be required if you later need to update your registration
details or manage the products that are currently activated for your computer. If you are unable to locate this
information when you attempt to use the License Manager, you can request to have the information sent to the e-mail
address on file for your registration.
Some of the information from your registration (name, company, e-mail address and Product License Key) will be
displayed on the User page of the Application Setup window. This is for information purposes and cannot be edited
IMPORTANT NOTE: 32-bit and 64-bit Versions
All Synthesis Version 8 applications are available both in 32-bit and 64-bit versions. You
should install the version that corresponds to the version of Microsoft Office that is already
installed on your computer.
If you have a 32-bit version of Microsoft Office (and even if you have a 64-bit version of
Windows), ReliaSoft recommends installing the 32-bit version of Synthesis to avoid
introducing issues.
ReliaSoft recommends the 64-bit installation only if your computer is running a 64-bit
version of Windows Vista or Windows 7 and a 64-bit version of Microsoft Office 2010.
You cannot install the 64-bit version of Synthesis on Windows XP 64-bit.
Enterprise Database Platforms
Microsoft SQL Server 2005, 2008 and 2012 32-bit and 64-bit versions
Microsoft SQL Server
Express Edition
2005, 2008 and 2012 32-bit and 64-bit versions
Oracle 10g and 11g 32-bit and 64-bit versions
Oracle Express 11g 32-bit and 64-bit versions
1.4 License Registration and Activation
Weibull++ 8 Users Guide 5
directly from within the Application Setup. If you need to update your registration details or manage the products that
are currently activated for your computer, choose File > Help > License Manager.
1.4.1 How to Activate Each Application on Your Computer
Activation is a required process that associates your ReliaSoft products with the computer(s) on which they're
installed. The process helps you maintain better control of your software assets (through activation and deactivation
on different computers that you may use over time). It also allows you to recover lost keys and licenses, prevents
unauthorized use and copying of the software, and protects you against the risks of counterfeit software. This is
usually a quick and simple automated process done through our secure se