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Understanding Chi-Squared Tests

The chi-squared test is a statistical hypothesis test where the test statistic follows a chi-squared distribution if the null hypothesis is true. There are several examples of chi-squared tests including Pearson's chi-squared test for independence and goodness of fit, Yates' chi-squared test, Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel chi-squared test, and McNemar's test. One case where the test statistic exactly follows a chi-squared distribution is when testing if the variance of a normally distributed population has a given value based on a sample variance.

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101 views2 pages

Understanding Chi-Squared Tests

The chi-squared test is a statistical hypothesis test where the test statistic follows a chi-squared distribution if the null hypothesis is true. There are several examples of chi-squared tests including Pearson's chi-squared test for independence and goodness of fit, Yates' chi-squared test, Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel chi-squared test, and McNemar's test. One case where the test statistic exactly follows a chi-squared distribution is when testing if the variance of a normally distributed population has a given value based on a sample variance.

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Santa Dela Cruz Naluz
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Chi-squared test

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. No cleanup reason has been specified. Please help improve this article if you can. (April 2008) Not to be confused with the special case: Pearson's chi-squared test A chi-squared test, also referred to as chi-square test or test, is any statistical hypothesis test in which the sampling distribution of the test statistic is a chi-squared distribution when the null hypothesis is true, or any in which this is asymptotically true, meaning that the sampling distribution (if the null hypothesis is true) can be made to approximate a chi-squared distribution as closely as desired by making the sample size large enough. Some examples of chi-squared tests where the chi-squared distribution is only approximately valid:

Pearson's chi-squared test, also known as the chi-squared goodness-of-fit test or chisquared test for independence. When the chi-squared test is mentioned without any modifiers or without other precluding context, this test is usually meant (for an exact test used in place of , see Fisher's exact test). Yates's correction for continuity, also known as Yates' chi-squared test. CochranMantelHaenszel chi-squared test. McNemar's test, used in certain 2 2 tables with pairing Tukey's test of additivity The portmanteau test in time-series analysis, testing for the presence of autocorrelation Likelihood-ratio tests in general statistical modelling, for testing whether there is evidence of the need to move from a simple model to a more complicated one (where the simple model is nested within the complicated one).

One case where the distribution of the test statistic is an exact chi-squared distribution is the test that the variance of a normally distributed population has a given value based on a sample variance. Such a test is uncommon in practice because values of variances to test against are seldom known exactly.

Chi-squared test for variance in a normal population


If a sample of size n is taken from a population having a normal distribution, then there is a wellknown result (see distribution of the sample variance) which allows a test to be made of whether the variance of the population has a pre-determined value. For example, a manufacturing process might have been in stable condition for a long period, allowing a value for the variance to be determined essentially without error. Suppose that a variant of the process is being tested, giving rise to a small sample of n product items whose variation is to be tested. The test statistic T in this instance could be set to be the sum of squares about the sample mean, divided by the

nominal value for the variance (i.e. the value to be tested as holding). Then T has a chi-squared distribution with n 1 degrees of freedom. For example if the sample size is 21, the acceptance region for T for a significance level of 5% is the interval 9.59 to 34.17.

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