Structural

Design

ACES Users Guide

BREAKWATER DESIGN

USING

HUDSON AND RELATED

EQUATIONS

TABLE OF CONTENTS
4-1-1 4-1-1 4-1-1 4-1-2 4-1-2 4-1-3 4-1-4 4-1-4 4-1-4 4-1-5

Description ....................................................................................................................... Input ................................................................................................................................. output ............................................................................................................................... Procedure .......................................................................................................................... Single Case Mode ....................................................................................................... Multiple Case Mode ................................................................................................... Example Problem ............................................................................................................. Invut ........................................................................................................................... output ......................................................................................................................... References and Bibliography ..........................................................................................

Breakwater

Design Using Hudson and Related Equations

4-1

Structural

Design

ACES Users Guide

BREAKWATER

DESIGN

USING

HUDSON AND RELATED

EQUATIONS

DESCRIPTION
This application provides estimates for the armor weight, minimum crest width, armor thickness, and the number of armor units per unit area of a breakwater using Hudson and related equations.

INPUT
All data input for this application is done on one screen. The following list describes the necessary input parameters with their corresponding units and range of data recognized by this application: m Armor unit weight Wave height Stability coefficient Layer coefficient Average porosity of armor layer Cotangent of structure slope Number of armor units comprising the thickness of the armor layer Svmbol ; Units lb/ft3, N/ms ft, m Data Ramze 1.0 to 99999.0 100.0 0.1 to See Table A-1, Appendix A. See Table A-2, Appendix A. See Table A-2, Appendix A. 1.0 1 to to 6.0
3

KD k. P
Cote

OUTPUT
Results from this application are displayed on one screen. Those data include the original input values (in final units) and the following parameters
~

Svmbol w

English Units lb ft ft

Metric Units N m m

Weight of an individual armor unit Crest width of breakwater Average cover layer thickness Number of single armor units per unit surface area

B
;,

Breakwater

Design Using Hudson and Related Equations

4-1-1

ACES Users Guide

Structural

Design

PROCEDURE
The bulleted items in the following lists indicate potentially optional instruction steps. Any application in ACES may be executed in a given session without quitting the program. The bulleted items provide instructions for accessing the Ignore bulleted application from various menu areas of the ACES program. instruction steps that are not applicable.

Single Case Mode

0

Press (@ on the Main Menu to select Single Case Mode. Fill in the highlighted input fields on the General Specifications screen (or leave the- de~ault vaiues). Press ~ when all data on this screen are correct. Press ~ on the Functional Interaction. Press (@ on the Structural Using Hudson and Related Area Menu to select Wave - Structure

Design Menu to select Breakwater Equations.

Design

1. Fill in the highlighted input fields on the screen. Respond to any corrective instructions appearing at the bottom of the screens. Press ~ when all data on this screen are correct or ~ to provide access to the additional following options (choose m):

n
B
@

Return Display Display

to the input screen. tables of suggested a table of suggested KD valueS. values for P and k ~

ml
2.

Exit application.

All output data and selected final system of units. Press u m (@ m of the following Return

input

data are displayed

on the screen

in the

3.

keys to select the appropriate

action:

to Step 1 for a new case. of this case to the print file or device. Design Menu.

Send a summary

Exit this application

and return to the Structural

4-1-2

Breakwater

Design Using Hudson and Related

Equations

Structural

Design

ACES Users Guide

Multiple
0

Case Mode Press ~ on the Main Menu to select Multi Case Mode. Fill in the highlighted input fields on the General Specifications screen (or leave the default values). Press ~ when all data on this screen are correct. Press @ on the Functional Area Menu to select Structural Design.

Press (@ on the Structural Design Menu to select Breakwater Design Using Hudson and Related Equations. 1. Move the cursor to select a variable on the Breakwater Design Using Hudson and Related Equations screen (the selected variable name blinks). The current set of values for the variable is displayed on the right portion of the screen. When all variable sets are correct, go to Step 3. 2. Enter a set of values for the subject variable by following one of the input methods: a. Press (@ to select random method. Enter up to 20 values constituting a set for this variable (m in each field) on the right side of the screen. The set of 20 values originally displayed (first execution) in these fields contains the delimiting value, which delimits or ends the set. The delimiting value is no[ included as a member in the set unless it is the sole member.

Press @ to select incremental method. Fill in the fields for minimum, maximum, and increment values for this variable on the right side of the screen. In this method, the members of the set include all values from the minimum to the maximum (both inclusive) at the specified increment. The units field should also be specified for the variable regardless of input method. All members of a set of values for a subject variable are assigned the specified units. When all data are correct for the subject variable, press ~ to return to Step 1. Errors are reported at the bottom of the screen and are corrected by pressing ~ to allow respecification of the data for the subject variable. 3. Press (@ to process the cases resulting from the combinations of the sets of data for all variables. The summary of each case will be sent to the print file or device. The screen will display the total number of cases to be processed as well as report progress. Errors are reported at the bottom of the screen and are corrected by pressing ~ to allow respecification of variable sets. Press ~ of the following keys to select the appropriate action: @ m Return to Step 1 to specify new sets. Design Menu. Exit this application and return to the Structural

b.

4.

Breakwater

Design Using Hudson and Related

Equations

4-1-3

ACES Users Guide

Structural

Design

EXAMPLE PROBLEM Input

All data input for this application is done on one screen. The values corresponding units selected for this example problem are shown below. Type of Armor Input] m Armor unit weight and

Unit

Tribar,

nonbreaking Symbol Wr

wave on structure Value 165.00 11.50 10.00 1.02 54.00 2.00 2

trunk

[Optional Units lb/fts ft

Wave height Stability coefficient

Hi KD k~
of armor layer slope of

Layer coefficient Average Cotangent porosity

P
Cote

of structure

Number of armor units comprising the thickness the armor layer

output
Results from this application are displayed the original input values and the following & Weight of an individual unit Crest width of breakwater Average cover layer thickness armor Symbol w on one screen. parameters: Value 1.59 These data include

Units tons ft ft

B r
N,

8.21 5.47 130.30

Number of single armor units per unit surface area

4-1-4

Breakwater

Design Using Hudson and Related

Equations

Structural

Design

ACES Users Guide

REFERENCES AND BIBLIOGRAPHY

Headquarters, Department of the Army. 1986. Design of Breakwaters and Jetties, Engineer Manual 1110-2-2904, Washington, DC, p. 4-10. Hudson, R. Y. 1953. Wave Forces on Breakwaters, Transactions of the American Society of Civil Engineers, American Society of Civil Engineers, Vol. 118, p. 653. Hudson, R. Y. 1959. Laboratory Investigations of Rubble-Mound Division,

Proceedings of the American Society of Civil Engineers, American

of Civil Engineers, Paper No. 2171. Hudson, Waterways and Harbors Investigation R. Y. 1961a. Laboratory of Rubble-Mound

Breakwaters, Society Vol. 85, NO. WW3, Breakwaters, Society and Jetties, Experiment

Transactions of the American Society of Civil Engineers, American

of Civil Engineers, Vol. 126, Pt IV. Breakwaters Waterways Hudson, R. Y. 1961 b. Wave Forces on Rubble-Mound Miscellaneous Paper 2-453, US Army Engineer Station, Vicksburg, MS.

Placed-Stone Stability Tests, Markel, D. G., and Davidson, D. D. 1979. Tdlamook, Oregon; Hydraulic Model Investigation, Technical Report HL-79- 16, US Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, MS.

Shore Protection Manual.

1984. 4th cd., 2 Vols., US Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Coastal Engineering Research Center, US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, Chapter 7, pp. 202-242.

Smith, O. P. 1986. Cost-Effective Optimization of Rubble-Mound Breakwater Technical Report CERC-86-2, US Army Engineer Cross Sections, Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, MS, p. 48. Zwamborn, J. A., and Van Niekerk, M. 1982. Additional Model Tests--Dolos Packing Density and Effect of Relative Block Density, CSIR Research Report 554, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, National Research Institute for Oceanology, Coastal Engineering and Hydraulics Division, Stellenbosch, South Africa.

Breakwater

Design Using Hudson and Related Equations

4-1-5

Structural

Design

ACES Users Guide

TOE PROTECTION

DESIGN

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Description ....................................................................................................................... Input '................................................................................................................................. Output ............................................................................................................................... Procedure .......................................................................................................................... Single Case Mode ....................................................................................................... Multiple Case Mode ................................................................................................... Example Problems ............................................................................................................ Exam~le 1 -Toe Protection for a Bulkhead ........................................................... Input ..................................................................................................................... output ................................................................................................................... Example 2- Toe Protection for a Vertical Breakwater ......................................... Input ..................................................................................................................... Output ................................................................................................................... References and Bibliography ..........................................................................................

4-2-1 4-2-1 4-2-2 4-2-3 4-2-3 4-2-3 4-2-5 4-2-5 4-2-5 4-2-5 4-2-6 4-2-6 4-2-6 4-2-7

Toe Protection

Deeign

4-2

Structural Design

ACES Users Guide

TOE PROTECTION

DESIGN

DESCRIPTION
Toe protection consists of armor for the beach or bottom material fronting a structure to prevent wave scour. This application determines armor stone size and width of a toe protection apron for vertical faced structures such as seawalls, bulkheads, quay walls, breakwaters, and groins. Apron width is determined by the geotechnical and hydraulic guidelines specified in Engineer Manual 1110-2-1614. Stone size is determined by a method (Tanimoto, Yagyu, and Goda, 1982) whereby a stability equation is applied to a single rubble unit placed at a position equal to the width of the toe apron and subjected to standing waves.

INPUT
The terminology and 4-2-2. and symbols used in this application are shown in Figures 4-2-1

Figure 4-2-1.

Typical

Toe Apron for Sheet-Pile

Walls

Figure 4-2-2.

Typical

Apron for Breakwater

..

Toe Protection

Design

4-2-1

ACES Users Guide

Structural

Design

All data input for this application is done on one screen. The following list describes the necessary input parameters with their corresponding units and range of data recognized by this application: & Incident wave height Symbol Units ft, m sec ft, m Data Range 0.1 1.0 0.1 5.0 0.0 ft, m 0.0 to to to to to to 100.0 1000.0 200.0 10000.0 50.0 200.0

Hi T

Wave period Water depth Cotangent slope at structure

ds
cot~

of nearshore

Passive earth pressure coefficient Sheet-pile depth penetration NOTE: For structures

KP d,
without

sheet piles, the values of KP and ft, m lb/ft3, N/m3 0.1 1.0 to to 200.0

d, should be set to 0.0.

Height of toe protection layer above mudline Unit weight of rock

hb
Wr

99999.0

OUTPUT
Results from this application are displayed on one screen. Those data include the original input values (in final units) and the following parameters:
b

Svmbol apron

English Units ft lb ft

Metric Units m N m

Width of toe protection Weight of individual

B W d,

armor unit

Water depth at top of toe protection layer

4-2-2

Toe Protection

Design

Structural

Design

ACES Users Guide

PROCEDURE
The bulleted items in the following lists indicate potentially optional instruction steps. Any application in ACES may be executed in a given session without quitting the program. The bulleted items provide instructions for accessing the Ignore bulleted application from various menu areas of the ACES program. instruction steps that are not applicable.

Single Case Mode

0

Press ~

on the Main Menu to select Single Case Mode. input fields on the General Specifications screen values). Press (@ when all data on this screen Area Menu to select Structural Design Menu to select Design.

Fill in the highlighted (or leave the default are correct.

0
o

Press (@ on the Functional Press @ Design. on the Structural

Toe Protection

1. Fill in the highlighted input fields on the screen. Respond to any corrective instructions appearing at the bottom of the screens. Press (@ when all data on this screen are correct. 2. 3. All output data and selected final system of units. Press w of the following Return input data are displayed on the screen action: in the

keys to select the appropriate

m
(EI

to Step 1 for a new case. of this case to the print file or device. and return to the Structural Design Menu.

Send a summary

ml
Multiple
0

Exit this application

Case Mode Press (@ on the Main Menu to select Multi Case Mode. Fill in the highlighted (or leave the default are correct. Press @ Press (@ Design. input fields on the General Specifications screen values). Press (@ when all data on this screen Area Menu to select Structural Design Menu to select Design.

0 0

on the Functional on the Structural

Toe Protection

Toe Protection

Design

4-2-3

ACES Users Guide

Structural

Design

1. Move the cursor to select a variable on the Toe Protection Design screen (the selected variable name blinks). The current set of values for the variable is displayed on the right portion of the screen. When all variable sets are correct, go to Step 3.

2. Enter a set of values for the subject

methods: a.

variable

by following

of the input

Press @ to select random method. Enter up to 20 values constituting a set for this variable (~ in each field) on the right side of the screen. The set of 20 values originally displayed (first execution) in these fields contains the delimiting value, which delimits or ends the set. The delimiting value is not included as a member in the set unless it is the sole member. Press ~ to select incremental method. Fill in the fields for minimum, maximum, and increment values for this variable on the right side of the screen. In this method, the members of the set include all values from the minimum to the maximum (both inclusive) at the specified increment.

b.

The units field should also be specified for the variable regardless of input method. All members of a set of values for a subject variable are assigned the specified units. When all data are correct for the subject variable, press ~ to return to Step 1. Errors are reported at the bottom of the screen and are corrected by pressing ~ to allow respecification of the data for the subject variable.

3.

Press @ to process the cases resulting from the combinations of the sets of data for all variables. The summary of each case will be sent to the print file or device. The screen will display the total number of cases to be Errors are reported at the bottom of processed as well as report progress. the screen and are corrected by pressing (@ to allow respecification of variable sets.

4. Press ~

of the following

keys to select the appropriate new sets.

action:

m
m

Return

to Step 1 to specify

Exit this application

and return to the Structural

Design Menu.

4-2-4

Toe Protection

Design

Structural

Design

ACES Users Guide

EXAMPLE PROBLEMS Example 1 - Toe Protection fora Bulkhead Input

All data input for this application is done on one screen. The values and corresponding units selected for this first example problem are shown below. b Incident wave height Wave period Water depth at structure Cotangent of nearshore slope Passive earth pressure coefficient Sheet-pile penetration depth Height of toe protection layer above mudline Unit weight of rock Symbol Value 5.00 12.00 20.00 100.00 1.50 10.00 4.50 165.00 Units ft sec ft

Hi T ds
cot+

KP de hb
Wr

ft ft lb/ft3

output
. .

Results from this application are displayed on one screen. Those data include the original input values and the following parameters (see Figure 4-2-3 for location of parameters)
~

Svmbol

Value 15.00 12.99 15.50

Units ft lb ft

Width of toe protection apron Weight of individual armor unit Water depth at top of toe protection layer

B
W

dl

IN

h-k
Jdl= 15.5

B=l
~.

SwFa. --- \
20.. Figure 4-2-3. Toe Protection

\l

d,=

10.0

for Bulkhead

Example

Output

Toe Protection

Design

4-2-5

ACES Users Guide

Structural

Design

Example 2 - Toe Protection for a Vertical

Input All data input for this application is done corresponding units selected for this example m Incident wave height Wave period Water depth at structure Cotangent of nearshore slope Passive earth pressure coefficient Sheet-pile penetration depth Height of toe protection layer above mudline Unit weight of rock M

Breakwater

on one screen. The values problem are shown below. value W ft

sec

and

Hi T d.
cot+

5.00
12.00 20.00 100.00

ft

KP de hb
r

0.00 0.00
4.50 165.00 ft lb/ft3

output Results from this application are displayed on one screen. Those data include the original input values and the following parameters (see Figure 4-2-4 for location of parameters): I&nJ Width of toe protection apron Weight of individual armor unit Water depth at top of toe protection layer Sl@Xd Value 10.00
4.836

B
W
d,

15.50

?Jl@ ft lb ft

--+-.

vY
? Figure 4-2-4. Toe Protection for Vertical Breakwater Example Output

4-2-6

Toe Protection

Deeign

Structural

Design

ACES Users Guide

REFERENCES AND BIBLIOGRAPHY

Eckert, J.W. 1983. ''Design of Toe Protection

of the Coastal
Engineers,

Structures

83 Conference,

for Coastal Structures~ Proceedings American Society of Civil

Arlington,

VA, pp. 331-341.

Eckert, J. W., and Callendar, G. 1987. Geotechnical Engineering in the Coastal Zone, Instructional Report CERC-87- 1, US Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, MS, Chapter 8, PP. 36-38.
Headquarters, Seawalls, Chapter Hudson, R. Y. Department of and Bulkheads, 2, pp. 15-19. 1959. Laboratory the Army. Engineer 1985. Manual Design of Coastal Revetments, 1110-2-1614, Washington,

DC,

Investigations

of

Rubble-Mound

Breakwaters,

Proceedings of the American Society of Civil Engineers, American

of Civil Engineers, Paper No. 2171. Waterways and Harbors Division,

Society Vol. 85, NO. WW3,

Shore Protection Manual.

1984. 4th cd., 2 Vols., US Army Engineer Waterways ~ Experiment Station, Coastal Engineering Research Center, US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, Chapter 7, pp. 242-249.

Tanimoto, K., Yagyu, T., and Goda, Y. 1982. Irregular Wave Tests for Composite Proceedings of the 18t~ Coastal Engineering Breakwater Foundations, Conference, American Society of Civil Engineers, Cape Town, Republic of South Africa, Vol. III, pp. 2144-2161.

Toe Protection

Design

4-2-7

Structural

Design

ACES Users Guide

NONBREAKING

WAVE FORCES AT VERTICAL

WALLS

TABLE OF CONTENTS
4-3-1 4-3-1 4-3-2 4-3-2 4-3-3 4-3-3 4-3-3 4-3-3 4-3-4 4-3-6 4-3-6 4-3-6 4-3-6 4-3-7 4-3-10 4-3-12

Description ....................................................................................................................... Input ................................................................................................................................. output ............................................................................................................................... Screen Output ............................................................................................................. Plot Output File 1 ...................................................................................................... Screen Plots ................................................................................................................ Procedure .......................................................................................................................... Single Case Mode ....................................................................................................... Multiple Case Mode ................................................................................................... Example Problem ............................................................................................................. Input ........................................................................................................................... Output ......................................................................................................................... Screen Output ...................................................................................................... Plot Output File 1 ................................................................................................ Screen Plot ............................................................................................................ References and Bibliography ..........................................................................................

Nonbreaking

Wave Forces at Vertical

Walls

4-3

Structural

Design

ACES Users Guide

NONBREAKING

WAVE FORCES

AT VERTICAL WALLS

DESCRIPTION
Thisapplication provides thepressure distributionand resultantforceand moment loading on a vertical wall caused by normally incident, nonbreaking, regular waves as proposed by Sainflou (1928), Miche (1944), and Rundgren (1958). The results can be used to design vertical structures in protected or fetch-limited regions when the water depth at the structure is greater than about 1.5 times the maximum expected wave height. Both the Sainflou and Miche-Rundgren theories are used by this application to determine wave-induced pressure distribution on a vertical wall. Sainflous theory is more appropriate for measuring results of long, nonbreaking waves of low steepness, but it overpredicts as the waves become steeper. The Miche-Rundgren theory provides more accurate results for steep, nonbreaking waves, but the theory begins to overpredict as the wavelength is increased. Given wave properties and a wave reflection coefficient, this application presents results of each theory with a recommendation of using results from the theory giving lower values for force and moment. This application provides the same results as found using the design curves given in Chapter 7 of the SPM (1984).

INPUT
The terminology 4-3-1. used to define wave forces at vertical walls is shown in Figure

1 -

Crest of Clopotis

Incident

Wove

//

--T
Hw=(l+X)Hi \

------1--

SWL

*
Figure 4-3-1. Nonbreaking Waves at Vertical Walls

Nonbreaking

Wave Forces at Vertical

Walls

4-3-1

ACES Users Guide

Structural

Design

All data input for this application is done on one screen. The following list describes the necessary input parameters with their corresponding units and range of data recognized by this application: b Depth Incident for SWL wave height Symbol Units ft, m ft, m Data Range 0.1 0.1 1.0 0.9 5.0 to to to to to 200.0 100.0 100.0 1.0 10000.0

d Hi T
coefficient x
Cot$

Wave period Wave reflection Cotangent slope

sec

of nearshore

OUTPUT
Results from this application are displayed on one screen. In addition, there is an option (available in Single Case Mode only) to send data to a plot output file (default name PLOTDAT1 .OUT). This application also generates four screen plots. Each of these outputs is described below.

Screen

Output

Results from this application are displayed on one screen. Those data includes the original input values (in final units) and the following parameters at the wave crest and trough for both the Miche-Rundgren and Sain f lou methods: M Symbol Endish Units ft Metric Units m

Wave crest and trough positions at wall (measured from the bottom) Integrated Integrated wave force moment about base

lb/ft lb- ft/ft

n/m n-m/m

Also displayed on the screen is a recommendation yielding the lower values for force and moment.

to use results from the method

4-3-2

Nonbreaking

Wave Forces at Vertical

Walls

Structural

Design

ACES Users Guide

Plot Plot for

Output output both

File file

1 1 contains crest 4-3-1 the Miche-Rundgren and in trough the at the wall and Sainflou pressure in distribution the following

the (see

wave Table

and

is written

format

example

problem):

Field 1 2 3 4 5

Columns 1-3 5-14 19-28 33-42 50-59

Format 13 F1O.2 F1O.2 F1O.2 F1O.2

Data Point Counter Elevation Wave Pressure Hydrostatic Pressure Pressure

Wave and Hydrostatic

Screen

Plots

This application generates four plots showing pressure distribution for both the Miche-Rundgren and Sainflou methods with the wave crest and trough at the wall. Three curves per plot are plotted including the individual wave and hydrostatic pressure and the sum of the wave and hydrostatic pressure (see Figures 4-3-2 through 4-3-5 in the example problem).

PROCEDURE
The bulleted items in the following lists indicate potentially optional instruction steps. Any application in ACES may be executed in a given session without quitting the program. The bulleted items provide instructions for accessing the Ignore bulleted application from various menu areas of the ACES program. instruction steps that are not applicable.

Single Case Mode

0

Press ~

on the Main Menu to select Single Case Mode. input fields on the General Specifications screen values). Press ~ when all data on this screen

Fill in the highlighted (or leave the default are correct. Press @

on the Functional

Area Menu to select Structural

Design.

Nonbreaking

Wave Forces at Vertical

Walls

4-3-3

ACES Users Guide

Structural

Design

Press @ on the Structural Forces at Vertical Walls.

Design Menu to select Nonbreaking

Wave

1.

Fill in the highlighted input fields on the Nonbreaking Wave Forces at Vertical Walls screen. Respond to any corrective instructions appearing at the bottom of the screen. Press (@ when all data on this screen are correct. All input and output units. Press ~ data are displayed on the screen in the final system of action:

2. 3.

of the following

keys to select the appropriate

m
@ B m m

Return

to Step 1 for a new case. data. of this case to the print file or device. File 1).

Plot pressure

Send a summary Generate

a file containing

the plot data (Plot Output

Exit this application

and return to the Structural

Design Menu.

Multiple
0

Case Mode
Press @ on the Main Menu to select Multi Case Mode. input fields on the General Specifications screen Press (@ when all data on this screen values).

Fill in the highlighted (or leave the default are correct. Press ~

on the Functional

Area Menu to select Structural

Design. Wave

Press (@ on the Structural Forces at Vertical Walls.

Design Menu to select Nonbreaking

1. Press m 2.

to enter Multi Case data entry mode.

Move the cursor to select a variable on the Nonbreaking Wave Forces at Vertical Walls screen (the selected variable name blinks). The current set of values for the variable is displayed on the right portion of the screen. When all variable sets are correct, go to Step 3. Enter a set of values for the subject methods: a. variable by following u of the input

3.

Press @ to select random method. Enter up to 20 values constituting a set for this variable (w in each field) on the right side of the screen. The set of 20 values originally displayed (first execution) in these fields

4-3-4

Nonbreaking

Wave Forces at Vertical

Walls

Structural

Design

ACES Users Guide

contains delimiting

the

delimiting value is

value,

which

delimits

or ends

the

set.

The

not included

as a member

in the set unless it is

the sole member. b. Press ~ to select incremental method. Fill in the fields for minimum, maximum, and increment values for this variable on the right side of the screen. In this method, the members of the set include all values from the minimum to the maximum (both inclusive) at the specified increment.

The units field should also be specified for the variable regardless of input method. All members of a set of values for a subject variable are assigned the specified units. When all data are correct for the subject variable, press ~ to return to Step 1. Errors are reported at the bottom of the screen and are corrected by pressing ~ to allow respecification of the data for the subject variable.

4.

Press ~ to process the cases resulting from the combinations of the sets of data for all variables. The summary of each case will be sent to the print file or device. The screen will display the total number of cases to be processed as well as report progress. Errors are reported at the bottom of the screen and are corrected by pressing (@ to allow respecification of variable sets.

5. Press u

of the following

keys to select the appropriate new sets.

action

m
m

Return

to Step 1 to specify

Exit this application

and return to the Structural

Design Menu.

NOTE: Multiple files or plots.

Case Mode

does not generate

any plot output

Nonbreaking

Wave Forces at Vertical

Walls

4-3-5

ACES Users Guide

Structural

Design

EXAMPLE PROBLEM Input

All data input for this application is done on one screen. The values corresponding units selected for this example problem are shown below. h Depth Incident for SWL wave height Value Units ft ft sec and

d H, T
coefficient slope

15.0
8.0

Wave period Wave reflection Cotangent

10.0 1.0 100.0

x
Cot$

of nearshore

output
Results from this application are displayed on one screen and, if requested (in Single Case only), written to plot output file 1. In addition, four plots are generated. Each of these outputs for the example problem is presented below.

Screen

Output on one screen. parameters: Those data include

Results from this application are displayed the original input values and the following

MICHE-RUNDGREN

SAINFLOU

Wave Position Wall

at

Crest 32.95 28683.39 306958.40

Trough 16.95 7121.92 38825.47

Crest 32.95 17724.17 148008.60

Trough 16.95 2323.04 7214.73

Units ft lb/ft lb- ft/ft

Hgt above Bottom Integrated Integrated NOTE: Force

Moment about Base

Sainflou

results are recommended

for this case.

4-3-6

Nonbreaking

Wave Forces at Vertical

Wails

Structural

Design

ACES Users Guide

Plot Output File 1

Table 4-3-1 below is a partial listing of plot output file 1 (default name PLOTDAT1 .OUT) generated by this application for the example problem.

Partial

Listing

Table 4-3-1 of Plot Output File 1 for Example Pressure Distribution 4-3-2)

Problem

Miche-Rundgren

Crest at Wall (Figure Elevation (ft) Wave Pressure (lb/ftz)

Hydrostatic Pressure (lb/ft2)

Wave & Hydrostatic Pressure (lb/ft2) 1831.28 1808.92 1786.62 1764.38 1742.21 1720.09 1698.04 1676.05 1654.12 4 152.88 133.71 114.56 95.43 76.31 57.21 38.13 19.06 0.00

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 u 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91

-15.00 -14.65 -14.30 -13.95 -13.60 -13.25 -12.90 -12.55 -12.20 $ 14.79 15.18 15.57 15.96 16.36 16.75 17.15 17.55 17.95

871.49 871.52 871.62 871.78 872.01 872.30 872.65 873.07 873.56 J 152.88 133.71 114.56 95.43 76.31 57.21 38.13 19.06 0.00 (Table 4-3-1 Continued

959.79 937.40 915.00 892.60 870.20 847.79 825.39 802.97 780.56 u 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

on the Next Page)

..

Nonbreaking

Wave Forces at Vertical

Walls

4-3-7

ACES Users Guide

Structural

Design

(Table 4-3-1 Miche-Rundgren Trough Elevation (ft) Wave Pressure (lb/ftz)

Continued) Distribution 4-3-3) Wave & Hydrostatic Pressure (lb/ft2) 494.26 489.10 483.92 478.74 473.54 468.33 463.11 457.89 452.65 & 45.25 39.59 33.94 28.28 22.63 16.97 11.31 5.66 0.00

Pressure

at Wall (Figure

Hydrostatic Pressure (lb/ft2)

-15.00 -14.82 -14.64 -14.47 -14.29 -14.11 -13.93 -13.75 -13.58 4 0.29 0.50 0.70 0.91 1.11 1.32 1.53 1.74 1.95

-465.53 -459.31 -453.10 -446.90 -440.71 -434.53 -428.35 -422.19 -416.03 u 45.25 39.59 33.94 28.28 22.63 16.97 11.31 5.66 0.00 Sainflou Pressure

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 u 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91

959.79 948.41 937.02 925.64 914.25 902.86 891.47 880.07 868.68 u 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Distribution 4-3-4) Hydrostatic Pressure (lb/ft2)

Crest at Wall (Figure Elevation (ft) Wave Pressure (lb/ft2)

Wave & Hydrostatic Pressure (lb/ft2) 1425.32 1409.16

1 2

-15.00 -14.73

465.53 466.96
(Table 4-3-1 Continued

959.79 942.20

on the Next Page)

4-3-8

Nonbreaking

Wave Forces at Vertical

Walls

Structural Design

ACES Users Guide

(Table 4-3-1

Continued) 924.61 907.02 889.42 871.83 854.23 836.63 819.03 u 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1393.00 1376.86 1360.73 1344.61 1328.50 1312.40 1296.31 u 125.38 109.71 94.03 78.36 62.69 47.02 31.34 15.67 0.00

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 u 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91

-14.45 -14.18 -13.90 -13.63 -13.35 -13.08 -12.80 u 7.94 8.23 8.52 8.81 9.10 9.39 9.69 9.98 17.95

468.40 469.85 471.31 472.78 474.27 475.76 477.27 u 125.38 109.71 94.03 78.36 62.69 47.02 31.34 15.67 0.00

Sainflou Trough Elevation (ft)

Pressure

Distribution 4-3-5) Wave & Hydrostatic Pressure (lb/ft2) 494.26 489.10 483.92 478.74 473.54 468.33 463.11 457.89 452.65 4 Hydrostatic Pressure (lb/ft2)

at Wall (Figure

Wave Pressure (lb/ft2)

1 2 3 4

-15.00 -14.90 -14.79 -14.69 -14.59 -14.49 -14.38 -14.28 -14.18 u

-465.53 -464.11 -462.71 -461.32 -459.93 -458.56 -457.20 -455.85 -454.51 u (Table 4-3-1 Continued

959.79 953.21 946.63 940.05 933.47 926.89 920.31 913.73 907.15 u

5 6 7 8 9 u

on the Next Page)

=.

Nonbreaking

Wave Forces at Vertical

Walls

4-3-9

ACES Users Guide

Structural

Design

(Table 4-3-l 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 -6.56 -6.45 -6.35 -6.25 -6.14 -6.04 -5.94 -5.83 1.95 -374.30 -373.33 -372.37 -371.41 -370.45 -369.48 -368.52 -367.55 0.00

Concluded) 419.54 412.93 406.31 399.69 393.07 386.45 379.83 373.21 0.00 45.25 39.59 33.94 28.28 22.63 16.97 11.31 5.66 0.00

Screen

Plot

The plots may be accessed from the This application generates four plots. Nonbreaking Wave Forces on Vertical Walls Plot Selection Menu, which appears when the Plot Pressure Data option (@) from the input screen is requested. To access a plot, move the cursor (using the arrow keys) to the desired plot and press ~. (Appendix C describes options to customize plots.) The plots generated for this example problem are shown below.

ze- hlauc Pressure .-------- Hydrostatic Pressure -----ltIauc & Hydrostatic Pressure 10 -

... ... -..... -...< ... ----... -.. .. ... -----r..

.: .. . .. --..-. -. --,

le -

-.

-..

..

-Ze ! e
Figure 4-3-2.

+00

8W

1200
~lb~f t*Z ) Pressure Distribution

16Q0 - Crest at Wall

ZOQO

prSSSUm Miche-Rundgren

4-3-1o

Nonbreaking

Wave Forces at Vertical

Walls

Structural

Design

ACES Users Guide

-5

~n

I A ... : . . $...

- - ,

!l..> -----------------Wau Pressure

------------Hydrostatic Pressure Wave & Hydrostatic Pressure

. -.. . . . .. . . . .

.. . . . . , --. . . .
. ,

~ .+ 4

. ..

..-

.. .

..$,

.-

-.

-.. . .
-. . . . . . -.. . . -.,
, ... ,

. . .

.
15 ! / , , ~ . ,

:6&I

4&3

-Zbe

6 Pressure

tio

(lbzft~Z)

460

6&l

I?&

106O

Figure 4-3-3.

Miche-Rundgren

Pressure Distribution

- Trough

at Wall

Ze +

Wauc Pressure ---------- Hydrostatic Pressure

------ Waue a Hydrostatic Pressure

Ze ! e

,
40Q -

,
Pressure

,
me

zoo
Figure 4-3-4.

10I3O

lzeo

law

16W

(lb~ft=-=Z) - Crest at Wall

Sainflou Pressure Distribution

=.

Nonbreaking

Wave Forces at Vertical

Walls

4-3-11

ACES Users Guide

Structural

Design

.
5

!
-40Q Figure 4-3-5.

Waus Pressure -------Hydrostatic Pressure ------ Uaue & Hydrostatic Pressure --

\
.

....
-.

-.

%.

-15 , -609

. . .
Iem

Zoe

o
Pressure

209 +09 c lwft-z 1

6ee
at Wall

8Q0

Sainflou Pressure Distribution

- Trough

REFERENCES AND BIBLIOGRAPHY

Miche, R. 1944. Movements ondulatoires de la mer en profondeur constante ou decroissante, Annales des Ponts et Chaussees, Paris, Vol. 114. Rundgren, L. 1958. ~water Wave Forces, Bulletin No. 54, Royal Institute of Technology, Division of Hydraulics, Stockholm, Sweden. Sainflou,

Chaussees,

Annals des Ponts et 1928. Essay on Vertical Breakwaters, Paris (Translated by Clarence R. Hatch, Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH).
M. 1984. 4th cd., 2 Vols., US Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Coastal Engineering Research Center, US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, Chapter 7, pp. 161-173.

Shore Protection Manual.

4-3-12

Nonbreaking

Wave Forces at Vertical

Walls

Structural Design

ACES Users Guide

RUBBLE-MOUND

REVETMENT

DESIGN

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Descri~tion ....................................................................................................................... Input -................................................................................................................................. output ............................................................................................................................... Procedure .......................................................................................................................... Single Case Mode ....................................................................................................... Multiple Case Mode ................................................................................................... Example Problem ............................................................................................................. Input ........................................................................................................................... output ......................................................................................................................... References and Bibliography .......................................................................................... 4-4-1 4-4-1 4-4-1 4-4-2 4-4-2 4-4-2 4-4-4 4-4-4 4-4-4 4-4-5

Rubble-Mound

Revetment

Design

4-4

Structural

Design

ACES Users Guide

RUBBLE-MOUND

REVETMENT

DESIGN

DESCRIPTION Quarrystone k the most commonly used material for protecting earth embankments from wave attack because, where available, high-quality stone provides a stable and unusually durable revetment armor material at relatively low cost. This ACES application provides estimates for revetment armor and Also bedding layer stone sizes, thicknesses, and gradation characteristics. calculated are two values of runup on the revetment, an expected extreme and a conservative runup value. INPUT
All data input for this application is done on one screen. The following list describes the necessary input parameters with their corresponding units and range of data recognized by this application M Significant wave height Significant wave period Cotangent nearshore slope Water depth at toe of revetment Cotangent of structure slope Unit weight of rock Permeability coefficient Damage level Symbol H8 Units ft, m sec ft, m 0.1 1.0 5.0 0.1 Data Range to to to to to to to to 100.0 1000.0 10000.0 200.0

Ts
Cot$

ds
Cote

2.0
lb/ft~, N/ms 1.0 0.05 2

6.0
99999.0 0.6 17

Wr

P s

OUTPUT
Results from this application are displayed on one screen. The results include the armor and filter layer thicknesses, stone size gradations (weight and size), and an expected extreme and conservative runup on the riprap revetment. b Weight of individual armor and filter stone Armor/filter layer thickness Runup (expected maximum and conservative) Svmbol w Units lb ft ft Metric Units N m m

W r R

Rubble-Mound

Revetment

Design

4-4-1

ACES Users Guide

Structural

Design

PROCEDURE
The bulleted items in the following lists indicate potentially optional instruction steps. Any application in ACES may be executed in a given session without quitting the program. The bulleted items provide instructions for accessing the Ignore bulleted application from various menu areas of the ACES program. instruction steps that are not applicable.

Single Case Mode

0

Press (@ on the Main Menu to select Single Case Mode. Fill in the highlighted (or leave the default are correct. Press @ Press @ Revetment input fields on the General Specifications screen Press ~ when all data on this screen values). Area Menu to select Structural Design Menu to select Design.

on the Functional on the Structural Design.

Rubble-Mound

1. Fill in the highlighted input fields on the screen. Respond to any corrective instructions appearing at the bottom of the screens. Press (@ when all data on this screen are correct. 2. All output data are displayed of the following m m m Return on the screen in the final system of units. action:

3. Press m

keys to select the appropriate

to Step 1 for a new case. of this case to the print file or device. Design Menu.

Send a summary

Exit this application

and return to the Structural

Multiple
0

Case Mode Press @ on the Main Menu to select Multi Case Mode. input fields on the General Specifications screen values). Press (@ when all data on this screen Area Menu to select Structural Design Menu to select Design.

Fill in the highlighted (or leave the default are correct.

Press (@ on the Functional Press @ Revetment on the Structural Design.

Rubble-Mound

4-4-2

Rubble-Mound

Revetment

Design

Structural

Design

ACES Users Guide

1. Move the cursor to select a variable on the Rubble-Mound Revetment Design screen (the selected variable name blinks). The current set of values for the variable is displayed on the right portion of the screen. When all variable sets are correct, go to Step 3. 2. Enter a set of values for the subject methods: a. variable by following one of the input

Press @ to select random method. Enter up to 20 values constituting a set for this variable (m in each field) on the right side of the screen. The set of 20 values originally displayed (first execution) in these fields contains the delimiting value, which delimits or ends the set. The delimiting value is not included as a member in the set unless it is the sole member.

Press ~ to select incremental method. Fill in the fields for minimum, maximum, and increment values for this variable on the right side of the screen. In this method, the members of the set include all values from the minimum to the maximum (both inclusive) at the specified increment. The units field should also be specified for the variable regardless of input method. All members of a set of values for a subject variable are assigned the specified units. When all data are correct for the subject variable, press ~ to return to Step 1. Errors are reported at the bottom of the screen and are corrected by pressing @ to allow respecification of the data for the subject variable.

b.

3.

Press (@ to process the cases resulting from the combinations of the sets of data for all variables. The summary of each case will be sent to the print file or device. The screen will display the total number of cases to be Errors are reported at the bottom of processed as well as report progress. the screen and are corrected by pressing ~ to allow respecification of variable sets.

4.

Press u m m

of the following Return

keys to select the appropriate new sets.

action: Design Menu.

to Step 1 to specify

Exit this application

and return to the Structural

Rubble-Mound

Revetment

Design

4-4-3

ACES Users Guide

Structural

Design

EXAMPLE PROBLEM Input All data input for this application

corresponding units selected

is done on one screen. The values for this example problem are shown below. Symbol Value 5.0 10.0 100.0 9.0 2.0 165.0 0.1 2.0 Units ft sec ft lb/fts

and

k
Significant wave height Significant wave period Cotangent nearshore slope Water depth at toe of revetment Cotangent of structure slope Unit weight of rock Permeability coefficient Damage level

H, T,
Cot$

d,
Cote

Wr P s

output
Results from this application are displayed on one screen. The results include the armor and filter layer thicknesses, stone size gradations (weight and size), and an expected extreme and conservative runup on the riprap revetment. ARMOR PERCENT LESS THAN BY WEIGHT 0.00 15.00 50.00 85.00 100.00 FILTER PERCENT LESS THAN BY WEIGHT 0.00 15.00 50.00 85.00 100.00 LAYER LAYER Thickness = 4.95 ft

WEIGHT (lbs) 313.08 1001.84 2504.61 4909.04 10018.44 Thickness

DIMENSION (ft) 1.24 1.82 2.48 3.10 3.93 = 1.24 ft

WEIGHT (lbs) 0.82 1.38 4.65 15.65 26.35

DIMENSION (ft) 0.17 0.20 0.30 0.46 0.54

IRREGULAR WAVE RUNUP EXPECTED MAXIMUM = 10.96 CONSERVATIVE = 13.79 ft

ft

4-4-4

Rubble-Mound

Revetment

Design

Structural

Design

ACES Users Guide

REFERENCES AND BIBLIOGRAPHY

Ahrens, J.P. 1975. "Large Wave Tank Tests of Riprap Stability ~CERC Technical Memorandum 51, US Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, MS. Ahrens, J. P. 1977. Prediction of Irregular Wave Overtopping, CERC CETA 77-7, US Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, MS. Ahrens, J. P. 1981. Design of Riprap Revetments for Protection Against Wave Attack, CERC TP 81-5, US Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, MS. Ahrens, J. P. 1987. Characteristics of Reef Breakwaters, Technical Waterways Experiment CERC-87- 17, US Army Engineer Vicksburg, MS. Report Station,

Ahrens, J. P., and Heimbaugh, M. S. 1988. Approximate Upperlimit of Irregular Wave Runup on Riprap, Technical Report CERC-88-5, US Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, MS. Ahrens, J. P., and McCartney B. L. 1975. Wave Period Effect on the Stability of Riprap, Proceedings of Civil Engineering in the Oceans/III, American Society of Civil Engineers, pp. 1019-1034. Battjes, J. A. 1974. Surf Similarity, Proceedings of the 14th Coastal Engineering Conference, Copenhagen, Denmark. Bradbury, A. P., Allsop, N. W. H., and Latham, L-P. 1990. Rock Armor Stability Formulae-Influence of Stone Shape and Layer Thickness,

Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Coastal Engineering,

Delft, Broderick, The Netherlands. L. L. 1983. Riprap Stability, A Progress Report, Proceedings of Society of Civil Engineers,

the Coastal Structures 83 Conference, American Arlington, VA, pp. 320-330.

Broderick, L. L., and Ahrens, J. P. 1982. Riprap Stability Scale Effect!, CERC ~fl 82-3, US Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, Headquarters, Department of the Army. and Constructions General Design 1110-2-2300, Washington, DC. 1971. Earth and Rock-Fill Dams, Operations, Engineer Manual

Hudson, R. Y. 1958. Design of Quarry Stone Cover Layers for Rubble Mound Research Report 2-2, US Army Engineer Waterways Breakwaters, Experiment Station, Vicksburg, MS.

Shore Protection Manual.

1984. 4th cd., 2 Vols., US Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Coastal Engineering Research Center, US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, Chapter 7.

Van der Meer, J. W., and Pilarczyk, K. W. 1987. Stability of Breakwater Armor Delft Hydraulics Deterministic Layers and Probabilistic Design, Communication No. 378, Delft, The Netherlands. Van der Meer, J. W. 1988a. Deterministic and Probabilistic Design of Breakwater Armor Layers, Journal of Waterways, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering, American Society of Civil Engineers, Vol. 114, No. 1, pp. 66-80.

Rubble-Mound

Revetment

Design

4-4-5

ACES Users Guide

Structural

Design

Vander Meer, J. W. 1988b. Rock Slopes and Gravel Beaches Under Wave Attack, Ph.d. Thesis, Department of Civil Engineering, Delft Technical University; also Delft Hydraulics Communication No. 396, Delft, The Netherlands.

4-4-6

Rubble-Mound

Revetment

Design