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Rocket Propulsion Design Calculations

The document provides specifications and properties for designing a solid rocket motor, including propellant properties, ambient conditions, mission requirements, and design limitations. It then outlines the methodology for preliminary motor sizing calculations, such as determining the nozzle expansion ratio, chamber pressure, thrust, specific impulse, motor dimensions, propellant mass, burning rate, and total impulse. Calculations are shown for selecting an initial nozzle expansion ratio and Mach number, followed by determining preliminary motor dimensions and performance parameters.

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Jamal Alshawesh
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
183 views4 pages

Rocket Propulsion Design Calculations

The document provides specifications and properties for designing a solid rocket motor, including propellant properties, ambient conditions, mission requirements, and design limitations. It then outlines the methodology for preliminary motor sizing calculations, such as determining the nozzle expansion ratio, chamber pressure, thrust, specific impulse, motor dimensions, propellant mass, burning rate, and total impulse. Calculations are shown for selecting an initial nozzle expansion ratio and Mach number, followed by determining preliminary motor dimensions and performance parameters.

Uploaded by

Jamal Alshawesh
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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%################################

%@@@@@@@@ Given information @@@@@


%================================
R_u= 8314;
g0= 9.81;

%Universal Gas Constant, J/(kmole. K)


%Gravitational acceleration at sea level (m/s^2)

%#################################
%@@@ The Propelllant properties @@
%#################################
Tc= 3370;
%The Flame Temperature (chamber temperature) (K)
Rho_p= 1772;
%The density of propellant ( kg/m^3)
M_w= 29.3;
%The molecular weight (g/mole)
R= 284;
%The exhaust Gas Constant (J/(kg.K))
Gamma= 1.17;
%Specific Heats Ratios of exhaust gases
n=0.4; k=4;
%Burning rate exponent and burnng rate constant
C_star= 1575;
%Characteristic Velocity (m/s)
%#############################################
%@@@ Properties of air at altitude of 25 m @@@
%#############################################
P0= 101026;
%Ambient Pressure (Pa)
T0 = 288.1;
%Ambient Temperature (K)
R_air = 286.9;
%Air Gas Constant (J/kg.K)
Rho_air= 1.222;
%the density of air (kg/m^3)
Gamma_air= 1.4;
%Specific Heats Ratios of air
%############################################
%@@@@ For the nozzle to be fully expanded @@@
%############################################
Pe = P0;
%An assumption for optimal solution
%###############################################
%@@@ Mission specifications and requirements @@@
%###############################################
M_No=0.85;
%Mach Number
minVelocity= 289.15;
% Minimum Velocity of flight (m/s)
minRange= 60000;
%Minimum target range (m)
%###############################################
%@@@@@@ Design Requirements and limitations @@@
%###############################################
maxMass= 800;
%Maximum Total mass of the missile (kg)
missilelength=6.0;
%Maximum length of the missile (m)
% given that:
warheadMass= 150;
guidaceMass= 40;

%The mass of the warhead (kg)


%The guidance system mass (kg)

%###########################################
%@@@@@@@@@@ Methodoloy of designing @@@@@@@@
%###########################################
fprintf('\tNozzle Expansion Ratio Properties\n\t Me\t\t\t\t Epsilon\n');
%Epsilon is the expansion ratio (Epsolon= exitAera/ throatAera)
%For simplying the formulation: let:

a=Gamma-1;
b=Gamma+1;
for Me=1.2:0.05:3;
Epsilon = (((1+((a/2)*Me*Me))^(b/(2*a)))*((2/b)^(b/(2*a))))/Me;
fprintf('\t%0.2f \t\t\t \t%0.3f\n', Me, Epsilon);
end
%####################################################
%@@@@ chossing Initial value of Espilon @@@@@@@@@@@@@
%####################################################
Espilon= 7.440;
Me= 2.567;

%Corresponding Mach number to Espilon

fprintf('\nFor Expansion Ratio = %0.3f and Exit Mach Number = %0.3f: \n',
Epsilon, Me);
%##########################################################################
%@@@ Calculation of chamber pressure (Pc) for Me using isentropic formula
@@@@
%##########################################################################
Pc = P0*((1+(a/2)*Me*Me)^(Gamma/a));
fprintf('Chamber Pressure = %0.3f Pa\n', Pc);
%############################################
%@@@ Calculation of X-function
@@@@@@@@
%############################################
X_star= sqrt(Gamma)*(2/b)^(b/(2*a));
fprintf('X-function = %0.3f \n', X_star)
%#################################################
%@@@ Calculation of the coefficient of Thrust @@@@
%#################################################
Cf_optimum = sqrt((2*Gamma*Gamma/a)*((2/b)^(b/a))*(1-(Pe/Pc)^(a/Gamma)));
Cf_actual = 0.9*Cf_optimum;
fprintf('Thrust Coefficient = %0.3f \n', Cf_actual);
%####################################################
%@@@ Calculation of Specific Impulse(Isp) @@@@@@@@@@@
%####################################################
Isp= (C_star * Cf_actual)/g0;
fprintf('Specific Impulse = %0.5f s\n', Isp);
%##################################################
%@@@ Preliminary Design of Motor Dimensions
@@@@
%##################################################
D_motor= 0.83;
%Initial assumption of motor diameter (m)
L_charge= 2.63;
%Initial assumption of charge length (m)
t_casing_insulation= 0.025;
%Initial assumption of thickness of casing and
insulation

%charge diameter :
dc= D_motor-2.0*t_casing_insulation; %Determining diameter of charge
%Calculating burn aera (A_b):
A_b= 0.9*pi*dc*L_charge;
%Calculating throat aera and diameter :
A_star=((Rho_p*A_b*k*(1.0e-5)^n*sqrt(R*Tc))/(1000*X_star *(Pc)^(1-n)));
D_star= sqrt(4*A_star/pi);
fprintf('Throat Area = %0.5f m^2\nThroat Diameter = %0.5f m\n', A_star,
D_star);
%#############################################
%@@@@ Exhaust velocity determination @@@@@@@@@
%#############################################
Ve = sqrt((2*Gamma*R*Tc/a)*(1-(Pe/Pc)^(a/Gamma)));
fprintf('Exhaust Velocity = %0.5f m/s\n', Ve);
%###########################################
%@@@@ The Thrust (Fn) calculation @@@@@@@@@
%###########################################
Fn= Cf_actual* Pc * A_star;
fprintf('Thrust = %0.5f N or %0.5f kN\n', Fn, Fn/1000);
%@@@@ The mass flow rate (m_dot) calculation:
m_dot = Fn/Ve;
fprintf('Mass Flow Rate = %0.5f kg/s\n', m_dot);
%#######################################################
%@@@@ Calculation of the propellant mass (M_p) @@@@@@@@@
%#######################################################
%first calculating the graing volume (V0):
V0= pi*dc*dc*L_charge/4;
%Area of port (A_conduit) is to be at least four times the throat area (m^2:
A_conduit = 4*A_star;
D_conduit = sqrt(4*A_conduit/pi);
%volume of port (V_conduit) determination:
V_conduit = A_conduit*L_charge;
%The volume of grain (Vc):
Vc = V0 - V_conduit;
%The mass of propellant is:
M_p = Rho_p*Vc;
fprintf('\nPropellant volume = %0.5f m^3\n', Vc);
fprintf('\nPropellant Mass = %0.5f kg\n', M_p);
%########################################################################
%@@@@ The Burning rate (r_b)and burning time (t_b) calculation @@@@@@@@@
%########################################################################
r_b = k*((Pc*1.0e-5)^n)/1000;

t_b= M_p/m_dot;
fprintf('Burning Rate = %0.5f m/s\nburning time = %0.5f

%####################################################
%@@@ Calculation of Total Impulse(It) @@@@@@@@@@@
%####################################################
It=Fn*t_b;
fprintf('Total Impulse = %0.5f s\n', It);

s\n', r_b,t_b);

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