Unit.

2 Vector Calculus
1
UNIT II VECTOR CALCULUS
Part-A
Problem 1 Prove that ( ) div grad | =
2
| V
Solution:
( ) div grad | . | = V V
i j k
x y z
| | | | | c c c
=V + +
|
c c c
\ .

i j k i j k
x y z x y z
| | | | || | c c c c c c
= + + + +
| |
c c c c c c
\ .\ .

2 2 2
2 2 2
x y z
| | | c c c
= + +
c c c
2 2 2
2 2 2
x y z
|
| | c c c
= + +
|
c c c
\ .
2
| =V .
Problem 2 Find a, b, c, if ( ) ( ) 2 3 (4 2 ) F x y az i bx y z j x cy z k = + + + + + +

is
irrotational.
Solution:
F

is irrotational if 0 F V =

2 3 4 2
i j k
F
x y z
x y az bx y z x cy z
c c c
V =
c c c
+ + + +

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
4 2 3 4 2 2
3 2 2
i x cy z bx y z j x cy z x y az
y z x z
k bx y z x y az
x y
( c c c c (
= + + + + + +
(
(
c c c c


( c c
+ + + +
(
c c

| | | | | | 1 4 2 i c j a k b = + + +

0 0 0 0 F i j k V = + +

| | | | | | 1 4 2 i c j a k b = + + +

1 0, 4 0, 2 0 c a b + = = =
1, 4, 2. c a b = = =
Problem 3 If S is any closed surface enclosing a volume V and r

is the position
vector of a point, prove

( )
. 3
S
r n ds V =
} }

Unit.2 Vector Calculus
2
Solution:
Let r xi y j zk = + +

By Gauss divergence theorem

S V
F nds FdV = V
} } } } }

Here . F r = V

S V
r nds rdV = V
} } } } }

( )
.
V
i j k xi y j zk dV
x y z
| | c c c
= + + + +
|
c c c
\ .
}}}

( ) 1 1 1 dV = + +
} } }

3 .
S
r nds V =
} }

Problem 4 If cos sin , r a nt b nt = +

where , , a b n

are constants show that
( )
dr
r n a b
dt
=

Solution:
Given cos sin r a nt b nt = +

sin cos
dr
na nt nb nt
dt
= +

( ) ( )
cos sin sin cos
dr
r a nt b nt na nt nb nt
dt
= + +

( ) ( )
2 2
cos sin n a b nt b a nt =

( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
cos sin n a b nt a b nt a b b a = + =

( )
( )
( )
1 n a b n a b = =

Problem 5 Prove that
( )
0 div curl A =

Solution:
( )
1 2 3
.
i j k
x y z
A A A
c c c
V V A = V
c c c

3 3 2 1 2 1
i j k
y z x z x y
( | | | | cA cA cA cA cA cA | |
= V +
( | | |
c c c c c c
\ .
\ . \ .

3 3 2 1 2 1
x y z y x z z x y
| | | | cA cA cA cA cA cA c c c | |
= +
| | |
c c c c c c c c c
\ .
\ . \ .
Unit.2 Vector Calculus
3
2 2 2 2 2 2
3 3 2 1 2 1
x y x z y z y x z x z y
| | | | | | c A c A c A c A c A c A
= + +
| | |
c c c c c c c c c c c c
\ . \ . \ .
( )
0 div curl A =

Problem 6 Find the unit normal to surface

3 2
4 xy z = at ( ) 1, 1, 2
Solution:
Let
3 2
4 xy z | =
3 2 2 2 3
3 2 y z i xy z j xy zk | V = + +

( )
( ) ( ) ( )( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
3 2 2 2 3
1, 1,2
1 2 3 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 i j k |

V = + +

4 12 4 i j k = +

Unit normal to the surface is

n
|
|
V
=
V
4 12 4
16 144 16
i j k +
=
+ +

( )
4 3
176
i j k +
=

( ) ( )
4 3 3
.
16 11 11
i j k i j k + +
= =

Problem 7 Applying Greens theorem in plane show that area enclosed by a simple
closed curve C is ( )
1
2
xdy ydx
}
Solution:
C R
Q P
Pdx Qdy dx dy
x y
| | c c
+ =
|
c c
\ .
} } }
, P y Q x = =
1, 1
P Q
y x
c c
= =
c c
( ) ( ) 1 1 2
R R
x dy ydx dxdy dx dy = + =
} } } } }
= 2 Area enclosed by C
Area enclosed by C = ( )
1
2
xdy ydx
}
.
Problem 8 If A

and B

are irrotational show that A B

is solenoidal
Solution:
Given A

is irrotational i.e., 0 A V =

Unit.2 Vector Calculus
4
B

is irrotational i.e., 0 B V =

( ) ( ) ( )
. . . A B B A A B V = V V

0 0 0 B A = =

A B

is solenoidal.
Problem 9 If
( )
3 3 3
3 F grad x y z xyz = + +

find curl F

Solution:
( )
3 3 3
3 F x y z xyz =V + +

( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
3 3 3 3 3 3 x yz l y xz j z xy k = + +

2 2 2
3 3 3 3 3 3
i j k
F
x y z
x yz y xz z xy
c c c
V =
c c c

( ) ( )
2 2
3 3 3 3 i z xy y xz
y z
( c c
=
(
c c

( ) ( )
2 2
3 3 3 3 j z xy x yz
x z
c c (

(
c c

( ) ( )
2 2
3 3 3 3 k y xz x yz
x y
( c c
+
(
c c

| | | | | | 3 3 3 3 3 3 i x x j y y k z z = + + + +

0 0 0 0 i j k = + + =

.
Problem 10 If
2 2
, F x i y j = +

evaluate F dr
}

along the straight line y x = from
( ) 0, 0 to ( ) 1,1 .
Solution:
( ) ( )
2 2
. F dr x i y j dxi dy = + +

2 2
x dx y dy = +
Given y x =
dy dx =
( )
1
2 2
0 C
F dr x dx y dy = +
} }

1
1 1 3
2 2 2
0 0 0
2
2 2
3 3
x
x dx x dx x dx
(
= + = = =
(

} }
Problem 11 What is the unit normal to the surface ( ) , , x y z C | = at the point ( ) , , x y z ?
Solution:
Unit.2 Vector Calculus
5

n
|
|
V
=
V
.
Problem 12 State the condition for a vector F

to be solenoidal
Solution:
. 0 F divF V = =

Problem 13 If a

is a constant vector what is a V

?
Solution:
Let
1 2 3
a a i a j a k = + +

1 2 3
0
i j k
a
x y z
a a a
c c c
V = =
c c c


Problem 14 Find grad | at ( ) 2, 2, 2 when
2 2 2
2 x y z | = + + +
Solution:
grad| | = V
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 i x y x j x y z k x y z
x y z
c c c
= + + + + + + + + + +
c c c

2 2 2 xi y j zk = + +

( ) 2,2,2
4 4 4 i j k | V = + +

Problem 15 State Gauss Divergence Theorem
Solution:
The surface integral of the normal component of a vector function F over a closed
surface S enclosing volume V is equal to the volume integral of the divergence of F

taken over V. i.e., . .

S V
F nds FdV = V
} } } } }

Part B
Problem 1 Find the directional derivative of
2 2
4 x yz xz | = + at the point ( ) 1, 2, 1 in
the direction of the vector 2 2 . i j k

Solution:
2 2
4 x yz xz | = +
Unit.2 Vector Calculus
6
( ) ( )
2 2 2
2 4 8 xyz z i x z j x y xz k | V = + + + +

( )
( ) ( )( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
1, 2, 1
2 1 2 1 4 1 1 1 1 2 8 1 1 i j k |

( (
V = + + + +


( ) ( ) 4 4 2 8 i j k = + +

8 10 i j k =

Directional derivative a

is
.a |
|
V
=
V

( ) ( )
8 10 . 2 2
4 1 4
i j k i j k
=
+ +

16 1 20 37
.
3 3
+ +
= =
Problem 2 Find the maximum directional derivative of ( )
2
at 1, 0, 3 xyz | = .
Solution:
Given
2
xyz | =
2 2
2 yz i xz j xyzk | V = + +

( )
( ) ( )( ) ( )( )( )
2 2
1,0,3
0 3 1 3 2 1 0 3 9 i j k j | V = + + =

Maximum directional directive of | is 9 j | V =

Magnitude of maximum directional directive is
2
9 9. | V = =
Problem 3 Find the angle between the surfaces
2 2 2
9 x y z + + = and
2 2
3 x y z + = at the
point ( ) 2, 1, 2 .
Solution:
Let
2 2 2
1
9 x y z | = + +
1
2 2 2 xi y j zk | V = + +

( )
( ) ( )
1 2, 1,2
2(2) 2 1 2 2 4 2 4 i j k i j k |

V = + + = +

2 2
2
3 x y z | = +
2
2 2 xi y j k | V = +

( )
2 2, 1,2
4 2 2 i j k |

V =

If u is the angle between the surfaces then
cosu
1 2
1 2
.
| || |
| |
| |
V V
=
V V
( ) ( )
4 2 4 . 4 2 2
16 4 16 16 4 4
i j k i j k +
=
+ + + +

Unit.2 Vector Calculus
7
16 4 8
36 24
+
=
12 1
6 2 6 6
= =

1
1
cos .
6
u

| |
=
|
\ .
Problem 4 Find the work done, when a force
( ) ( )
2 2
2 F x y x i xy y j = + +

moves a
particle from the origin to the point ( ) 1,1 along
2
y x = .
Solution:
Given
( ) ( )
2 2
2 F x y x i xy y j = + +

dr dxi dy j dzk = + +

( ) ( )
2 2
. 2 F dr x y x dx xy y dy = + +

Given
2
y x =
2ydy dx =
( ) ( )
2 3
. 2 F dr x x x dx y y dy = + +

( )
2 3
2 x dx y y dy = +
( )
1 1
2 3
0 0
2
C
Fdr x dx y y dy = +
} } }

1 1
3 4 2
0 0
2
3 4 2
x y y ( (
= +
( (

( )
1 2 1
0 0 0
3 4 2
( | | | |
= + +
| | (
\ . \ .
1 1 1
3 2 2
(
= +
(

1 2
1
3 3

= =
Work done
2
.
3
C
F dr = =
}

Problem 5 Prove that
( ) ( )
2 3 2
cos 2 sin 4 3 F y x z i y x j xz k = + + +

is irrotational and
find its scalar potential.
Solution:
Given
( ) ( )
2 3 2
cos 2 sin 4 3 F y x z i y x j xz k = + + +

Unit.2 Vector Calculus
8
2 3 2
cos 2 sin 4 3
i j k
F
x y z
y x z y x xz
c c c
V =
c c c
+

| | | |
2 2
0 0 3 3 2 cos 2 cos i j z z k y x y ( = +


0 0 0 0 i j k = + =

0 F V =

Hence F

is irrotational
F | = V

( ) ( )
2 3 2
cos 2 sin 4 3 y x z i y x j xz k i j
x y yz
| | | c c c
+ + = + +
c c

Equating the coefficient , , i j k

2 3 2 3
cos cos y x z y x z dx
x
|
|
c
= + c = +
c
} }
2 3
1 1
sin y x z x C | = + +
( ) 2 sin 4 2 sin 4 y x y x dy
x
|
|
c
= c =
c
} }
( )
2
2 2
2 sin 4
2
y
x y C | = +
2 2
3 3 xz xz dy
x
|
|
c
= c =
c
} }
3
3 3
3
3
z
x C | = +
2 3
sin 4 y x xz y C | = + +
Problem 6 If
2
3 F xyi y j =

evaluate . F dr
}

when C is curve in the xy plane
2
2 , y x = from ( ) 0, 0 to ( ) 1, 2
Solution:
2
3 F xyi y j =

dr dxi dy j dzk = + +

2
. 3 F dr xydx y dy =

Given
2
2 y x =
4 dy xdx =
( )
2
2 2
. 3 (2 ) 2 4 F dr x x dx x x dx =

3 4
6 4 (4 ) x dx x x dx =
3 5
6 16 x dx x dx =
Unit.2 Vector Calculus
9
( )
1
3 5
0
6 16
C
Fdr x x dx =
} }

1
4 6
0
16
6
4 6
x x (
=
(

6 16 7
.
4 6 6

= =
Problem 7 Find .
C
F dr
}

when
( )
2 2
2 F x y i xy j = +

where the cure C is the
rectangle in the xy plane bounded by 0, , , 0 x x a y b y = = = = .
Solution:
Given
( )
2 2
2 F x y i xy j +

dr dxi dy j dzk = + +

2 2
( ) 2 Fdr x y dx xy dy = +

C is the rectangle OABC and C consists of four different paths.
OA (y = 0)
AB (x = a)
BC (y = b)
CO (x = 0)
.
C OA AB BC CO
F dr = + + +
} } } } }

Along
, 0, 0 OA y dy = =
, , 0 AB x a dx = =
, , 0 BC y b dy = =
, 0, 0 CO x dx = =
( )
2 2 2
. 2 0
C OA AB BC CO
C F dr x dx aydy x b dx = + + +
} } } } }

( )
0
2 2 2
0 0
2
a b
a
x dx a ydy x b dx = + +
} } }
3 2 3
2
0
2
3 2 3
a b o
o a
x y x
a b x
( ( (
= + +
( ( (

( )
3 2 3
2
0 2 0 0 0
3 2 3
a b a
a ab
| | | | | | | |
= + + +
| | | |
\ . \ . \ . \ .
2
2 . ab =
Problem 8 If
( )
2 2 2 3
4 3 2 2 F xy x z i x j x zk = +

check whether the integral .
C
F dr
}

is
independent of the pathC .
Solution:
Given
Unit.2 Vector Calculus
10
( )
2 2 2 3
4 3 2 2 F xy x z i x j x zk = +

dr dxi dy j dzk = + +

( )
2 2 2 3
. 4 3 2 2
C C C C
F dr xy x z dx x dy x zdz = +
} } } }

This integral is independent of path of integration if
0 F F | = V V =

2 2 2 3
4 3 2 2
i j k
F
x y z
xy x z x x z
c c c
V =
c c c

( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
0, 0 6 6 4 4 i j x z x z k x x = + +

0 0 0 0 0. i i j k = + =

Hence the line integral is independent of path.
Problem 9 Verify Greens Theorem in a plane for
( )
2 3 3
(1 ) ( )
C
x y dx y x dy + + +
}
where
C is the square bounded , x a y a = =
Solution:
Let
2
(1 ) P x y = +
2
P
x
y
c
=
c
3 3
Q y x = +
2
3
Q
x
x
c
=
c
By greens theorem in a plane
( )
C C
Q P
Pdx Qdy dxdy
x y
| | c c
+ =
|
c c
\ .
} } }
Now
R
Q P
dx dy
x y
| | c c

|
c c
\ .
} }
( )
2 2
3
a a
a a
x x dx dy

=
} }
2
2
a a
a a
dy x dx

=
} }
( )
3
2
3
a
a
a
a
x
y

| |
=
|
\ .
( ) ( )
3 3
2
3
a a a a = + +
Unit.2 Vector Calculus
11
4
8
(1)
3
a
=
Now ( )
C AB BC CD DA
Pdx Qdy + = + + +
} } } } }
Along , , 0 AB y a dy = =
X varies from a to a
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 3 3
1
a
AB a
Pdx Qdy x y dx x y dy

+ = + + +
} }
2
(1 ) 0
a
a
x a dx

= +
}
( )
3
1
3
a
a
x
a

(
=
(

( )
3 4
3 3
1 2 2
3 3 3
a a a
a a
| |
= + =
|
\ .
Along BC
, 0 x a dx = =
Y varies from a = to a
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 3 3
1
a
BC a
Pdx Qdy x y dx x y dy

+ = + + +
} }
3 3
( )
a
a
a y dy

= +
}
4
3
4
a
a
y
a y

(
= +
(

4 4
4 4 4
2
4 4
a a
a a a
| | | |
= + + =
| |
\ . \ .
Along CD
, 0 y a dy = =
X varies from a to a
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 3 3
1
a
CD a
Pdx Qdy x y dx x y dy

+ = + + +
} }
2
(1 )
a
a
x a dx

= +
}
( )
3
1
3
a
a
x
a dx

| |
= +
|
\ .
( )
3 3
1
3
a a
a
(
= +
(

Unit.2 Vector Calculus
12
3 4
2 2
3 3
a a
=
Along DA,
, 0 x a dx = =
Y Varies from a to a
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 3 3
1
a
DA a
Pdx Qdy x y dx x y dy

+ = + + +
} }
( ) ( ) ( )
2 3 3
1
a
a
a y dx y a dy

+
= + +
}
4
3
4
a
a
y
a y
(
=
(

4 4
4 4 4
2
4 4
a a
a a a
| | | |
= + =
| |
\ . \ .
( )
3 4 3 4
4 4
2 2 2 2
2 2
3 3 3 3
C
a a a a
Pdx Qdy a a + = + +
}
4 4
4
4
3
a a =
4
8
......(2)
3
a
=
From (1) and (2)
( )
4
8
.
3
C R
Q P a
Pdx Qdy dxdy
x y
| | c c
+ = =
|
c c
\ .
} } }
Hence Greens theorem verified.
Problem 10 Verify Greens theorem in a plane for
( ) ( )
2 2
3 8 4 6
C
x y dx y xy dy +
}
where C is the boundary of the region defined by
2 2
, . x y y x = =
Solution:
Greens theorem states that
C R
v u
udx vdy dxdy
x y
| | c c
+ =
|
c c
\ .
} } }
C R
Q p
Pdx Qdy dxdy
x y
| | c c
+ =
|
c c
\ .
} } }
Given
( ) ( )
2 2
3 8 4 6
C
x y dx y xy dy +
}
2 2
3 8 P x y =
Unit.2 Vector Calculus
13
16
P
y
y
c
=
c
4 6 Q y xy =
6
Q
y
x
c
=
c
Evaluation of
C
Pdx Qdy +
}
(i) Along OA
2
2 y x dy xdx = =
( ) ( )
2 4 2 3
3 8 4 6 2
OA OA
Pdx Qdy x x dx x x xdx + = +
} }
( )
1
2 4 3 4
0
3 8 8 12 x x x x dx = +
}
( )
1
4 3 2
0
20 8 3 x x x dx = + +
}
1
5 4 3
0
3
20 8
5 4 3
x x x (
= + +
(

20 8 3
5 5 3

= + +
4 2 1 1 = + + =
Along AO
2
2 y x ydy dx = =
( ) ( )
4 2 3
3 8 2 4 6
Ao Ao
Pdx Qdy y y y dy y y dy + = +
} }
5 3 3
(6 16 4 6 )
AO
y y y y dy = +
}
( )
0
5 3
1
6 22 4 y y y dy = +
}
0
6 4 2
1
4
6 22
6 4 2
y y y (
= +
(

0
6 4 2
1
11 5
2
2 2
y y y
(
= + =
(

5 3
1 (1)
2 2
C OA AO
Pdx Qdy + = + = + =
} } }
Evaluation of
R
Q P
dx dy
x y
| | c c

|
c c
\ .
} }
( ) 6 16
R R
v u
dxdy y y dxdy
x y
| | c c
= +
|
c c
\ .
} } } }
Unit.2 Vector Calculus
14
| |
2
1 1
0 0
10 10
y
x y
x y
y
y dx dy xy dy
=
=
= =
} } }
( )
1
2
0
10y y y dy =
}
1 3
3
2
0
10 y y dy
| |
=
|
\ .
}
1
5
4
2
0
10
5
4
2
y y
(
(
=
(
(

2 1
10
5 4
(
=
(

8 5
10
20
(
=
(

30 3
(2)
20 2
= =
For (1) and (2)
Hence Greens theorem is verified.
Problem 11 Verify Gauss divergence theorem for
2
F yi x j z k = + +

over the cylindrical
region bounded by
2 2
9, 0 x y Z + = = and 2 Z = .
Solution:
Gauss divergence theorem is
.
S V
F n ds divFdV =
}} }}}

( ) ( ) ( )
2
2 div F y x z z
x y z
c c c
= + + =
c c c

2
2
3 9 2
3 0
9
2
x
V
x
div F dV z dzdy dx

=
}}} } } }

2
2
2
3 9 2
3 0
9
2
2
x
x
z
dydx

| |
=
|
\ .
} }
2
2
3 9
3
9
4
x
x
dydx

=
} }
= 4 (Area of the circular region)
( )
( )
2
4 3 t =
36 .................(1) t =
Unit.2 Vector Calculus
15
1 2 3
.
S S S S
F n ds = + +
}} }} }} }}

1
S is the bottom of the circular region,
2
S is the top of the circular region and
3
S is the
cylindrical region
On
1
S , , , 0 n k ds dxdy z = = =

1
2
. 0
S
F nds z dxdy = =
}} }}

On
2
S , n k =

, , 2 ds dxdy z = =
2
2
.
s
F n ds z dx dy =
}} }}

4 dxdy =
}}
4 = (Area of circular region)
( )
( )
2
4 3 36 t t = =
On
3
S ,
2 2
9 x y | = +

( )
2 2
2 2
4
xi y j
n
x y
|
|
V +
= =
V
+

3
xi y j +
=

( )
3
2
.
3
S
xi y j
F nds yi x j z k ds
| |
+
= + +
|
|
\ .
}} }}


2
3 3
S
yx yx
ds xy ds
+
= =
}} }}
Let 3cos , 3sin x y u u = =
3 ds d dy u =
u varies from 0 to 2t
z varies from 0 to 2t
( )
2 2
0 0
2
9sin cos 3
3
d dz
t
u u u =
} }
2 2
0 0
18
sin 2
2
d dz
t
u u =
} }
2 2
0 0
cos 2
9
2
dz
t
u | |
=
|
\ .
}
| |
2
0
9
1 1 0
2
dz = =
}
. 0 36 0 36 ...............(2)
S
F nds t t = + + =
}}

Unit.2 Vector Calculus
16
from (1) and (2)
.
C V
F n ds div FdV =
} }}}

Problem 12 Verify Stokes theorem for the vector field defined by
( )
2 2
2 F x y i xy j =

in the rectangular region in the xy plane bounded by the lines
0, , 0, . x x a y y b = = = =
Solution:
( )
2 2
2 F x y i xy j =

By Stokes theorem . .
C S
F dr curl F nds =
} }}

2 2
2 0
i j k
curl F
x y z
x y xy
c c c
=
c c c
+

| | | | | | 0 0 0 0 2 2 4 i j k y y yk = + =

As the region is in the xy plane we can take and n k ds dxdy = =

. 4 .
S
curl F nds yk k dx dy =
}} }}

0 0
4
b a
y dx dy =
} }
( )
2
0
0
4
2
b
a y
x
| |
=
|
\ .
2
2 ..............(1) ab =
.
C OA AB BC CO
F dr = + + +
} } } } }

Along OA
0 0, y dy = =
x varies from 0 to a
( )
2 2
0
2
a
OA
x y dx xy dy = +
} }
3 3
2
0 0
3 3
a
a
x a
x dx
| |
= = =
|
\ .
}
Along AB
, x a dx o y = = varies from 0 to b
Unit.2 Vector Calculus
17
( )
2 2
0
.0 2
b
AB
a y ay dy = +
} }
2
2
0
2
2
b
y
a ab
| |
= =
|
\ .
Along BC
, 0 y b dy = =
x varies from a to 0
( )
0
2 2
0
BC a
x b dx = +
} }
0
3
2
3
a
x
b x
| |
= +
|
\ .
3
2
3
a
ab =
Along CO
0, 0, x dx = =
y varies from b to 0
( )
0
2
0 0 0 0
CO b
y = + + =
} }
3 3
2 2
. 0
3 3
c
a a
F dr ab ab = +
}

2
2 .........(2) ab =
For (1) and (2)
. .
C S
F dr curl F nds =
} }}

Here Stokes theorem is verified.
Problem 13 Find .
S
F nds
}}

if
( )
2
2 2 F x y i x j yzk = + +

where S is the surface in
the plane 2 2 6 x y z + + = in the first octant.
Solution:
Let 2 2 6 x y z | = + + be the given surface
Then 2 2 i j k | V = + +

2 2 2 2
3 4 1 4
i j k i j k
|
+ + + +
V = =
+ +

The unit outward normal n

to the surface S is

1
2 2
3
n i j k
(
= + +


Let R be the projection of S on the xy plane
Unit.2 Vector Calculus
18
1
. .
.
S R
dx dy
F nds F n
n k
=
}} }}


( )
1 2
. 2 2 .
3 3
n k i j k k = + + =

( ) ( )
2
1
. 2 2 . 2 2
3
F n x y i x j yzk i j k
(
= + + + +


( )
2
2 2 4
3 3 3
x y x yz = + +
( )
2
2
2
3
y yz = +
( )
2
2
3
y y z = +
| |
2
6 2
3
y y y x = +
| |
2
6 2
3
y x =
( )
4
3
3
y x =
. .
.
S S
dx dy
F nds F n
n k
=
}} }}


( )
4
3
3 2/ 3
dxdy
y x =
}}
( )
1
2 3
R
x dx dy =
}}
( )
3 6 2
0 0
2 3
x
x dx dy

=
} }
( )
6 2
3 2
0 0
2 3
2
x
y
x dx

| |
=
|
\ .
}
( )
3
3
0
4 3 x dx =
}
3
4
0
(3 )
4
4
x (
=
(

81 = units.
Problem 14 Evaluate ( ) ( ) 2 3
C
x y dx x xy + + (
}
where C is the boundary of the
triangle with vertices ( ) ( ) ( ) 2, 0, 0 , 0, 3, 0 & 0, 0, 6 using Stokes theorem.
Solution:
Unit.2 Vector Calculus
19
Stokes theorem is

. .
C S
F dr curl F nds =
} }}

where S is the surface of the triangle and

n is
the unit vector normal to surface S .
Given ( ) ( ) ( ) . 2 F dr x y dx x z dy y z dz = + + + +

( ) ( ) ( ) 2 F x y i x z j y z k = + + + +

dr i dx jdy k dz = + +

2
i j k
curl F
x y z
x y x z y z
c c c
=
c c c
+ +

( ) ( ) ( ) 1 1 0 0 2 1 i j k = + +

2 curl F i k = +

Equation of the plane ABC is
1
2 3 6
x y z
+ + =
3 2 6 x y z + + =
Let 3 2 6 x y z | = + +
3 2 i j k | V = + +

Unit normal vector to the surface ABC( ) or| is

3 2
14
i j k
n
|
|
V + +
= =
V

( )
3 2 6 1 7
. 2 .
14 14 14
i j k
curl F n i k
| |
+ + +
= + = =
|
|
\ .


Hence

7
.
14
S S
curl F nds ds =
}} }}

7
14
R
dxdy
nk
=
}}
where R is the projection of surface ABC on XOY plane
7 3 2 1
.
1
14 14 14
14
R
dxdy i j k
n k k
| | + + | |
= = =
| |
\ . \ .
}}

7
R
dxdy =
}}
( )
7
le
Area of OAB = A
7 3 21. = =
Unit.2 Vector Calculus
20
Problem 15 Verify Stokes theorem for ( ) F y z i yz j xzk = +

where S is the
surface bounded by the planes 0, 1, 0, 1, 0 and 1 x x y y z z = = = = = = above the
XOY plane.
Solution:
Stoke's theorem is

. .
C S
F dr F nds = V
} }}

( ) F y z i yz j xzk = +

i j k
F
x y z
y z yz xz
c c c
V =
c c c

( ) 1 yi z j k = +

1 2 3 4 5
.
S S S S S S
F n ds V = + + + +
}} }} }} }} }} }}

6
S
}}
is not applicable, since the given condition is above the XOY plane.
( )
1
1 .
S AEGD
yi z j k idydz
(
= +

}} }}

AEGD
ydy dz =
}}
1
1 1 1 2
0 0 0 0
2
y
y dy dz dz
(
= =
(

} } }
( )
1
0
1 1
2 2
z = =
( )
( )
2
1 .
S OBFC
yi z j k i dydz
(
= +

}} }}

1
1 1 1 2
0 0 0 0
1
2 2
y
y dy dz dz
(
= = =
(

} } }
( )
3
1
S EBFG
yi z j k jdxdz
(
= +

}} }}

( ) ( )
1 1 1
1
0
0 0 0
1 z dx dz xz x dz = =
} } }
1
2
0
1 1
1
2 2 2
z
z
| |
= = =
|
\ .
( )
( )
4
1
S OADC
yi z j k j dxdz
(
= +

}} }}

Unit.2 Vector Calculus
21
( )
1 1
0 0
1 z dx dz = +
} }
( ) ( )
1 1
1
0
0 0
1 xz x z dz = + = +
} }
1
2
0
1 1
1
2 2 2
z
z
| |
= + = + =
|
\ .
( )
( )
5
1 .
S DGFC
yi z j k kdxdy = +
}} }}

( ) ( )
1 1 1
1
0
0 0 0
1 dxdy x dy = =
} } }
( ) ( )
1
1
0
0
1 1 dy y = = =
}
1 2 3 4 5
S S S S S S
= + + + +
}} }} }} }} }} }}
1 1 1 1
1 1
2 2 2 2
= + + =
. . .
C OA AE EB BO
L H S F dr = = + + +
} } } } }

( )
OA OA
y z dx yzdy xzdz = +
} }
| | 0 0 0, 0, 0, 0
OA
y z dy dz = = = = = =
}

( )
AE AE
y z dx yzdy xzdz = +
} }
| | 0 0 1, 0, 0, 0
AE
x z dx dz = = = = = =
}

( )
EB EB
y z dx yzdy xzdz = +
} }
( )
0
1
1 1, 0, dx y z = = =
}
| |
0
1
0 1 1 x = = =
( )
BO BO
y z dx yzdy xzdz = +
} }
| | 0 0 0, 0
BO
x z = = = =
}
0 =
C OA AE EB BO
= + + +
} } } } }
0 0 1 0 1 = + + =
Unit.2 Vector Calculus
22
[Link] = [Link].
Hence Stokes theorem is verified.
z C (0,0,1) F
D G
O y
B(0,1,0)
x A (1,0,0) E (1,1,0)