Brain Computer Interface Technology
Siddhant
RK1R06-B37
Fiction to Reality
BCI
Brain Computer Interface
Mind Machine Interface ( M M I ) Direct Neural Interface ( D N I )
CONTENTS
1) Introduction 2) Principle 3) History 4) Terms Related To Brain computer Interface Technology 5) BCI Approaches 6) Working of Brain Computer Interfaces 7) Researches & Applications of BCI 8) Disadvantages of BCI 9) Future Applications
Introduction
A brain-machine interface is a communication system that does not depend on the brains normal output pathways of peripheral nerves and muscles.
New communication link functioning human brain------------------outside world
Electronic interfaces with the brain which have ability to send and receive signals to and from brain. Signals from brain COMPUTER via IMPLANTS for data entry without any direct interaction with brain
PRINCIPLE
The main principle behind this is the Bioelectrical activity of muscles and nerves.
Neurons work in complex logic and produce thoughts and signals that control our body.
HISTORY
Hans Berger was the 1st to discover Human Brains Electrical activity. In 1924 Berger recorded HBA by means of EEG(Electroencephalography). Research on BCIs began in 1970s. In the mid 1990s prosthetic device was implanted in human beings for the 1st time.
Some Notable Research Groups
1) 2) 3) 4) 5) Richard Andersen John Donoghue Phillip Kennedy Miguel Nicolelis Andrew Schwartz
Terms Related to BCI
1) Microelectrode Arrays :
These devices contain multiple plates through which neural signals are obtained or delivered.
2) Prosthetic :
It is a Greek term which means attachment. Prosthetic is an artificial device extension that replaces a missing body part.
3) EEG (Electroencephalography) :
It is the recording of electrical activity along the scalp. EEG measures voltage fluctuations resulting from ionic current.
4) ECoG (Electrocorticography) :
It is the practice of using electrodes placed directly on the exposed surface of the brain to record electrical activity from the cerebral cortex.
4) Data Acquisition :
Conversion of analog waveforms into digital signals for processing.
BCI Approaches
Invasive
Semi-Invasive
Non-Invasive
INVASIVE Brain Computer Interfaces
Implanted directly through neurosurgery
Rests in Grey matter Signals - Highest Quality Scar Tissue build up Target Repairing damaged sight Providing mobility to persons suffering from paralysis Artificial Vision System
SEMI-INVASIVE Brain Computer Interfaces
Implanted inside the skull
Outside the brain the electrodes are embedded in a thin plastic pad that is placed above the cortex, beneath the dura mater Based on Ecog Signal Quality Much Better than Non-Invasive Scar tissue Lower risk than Fully Invasive 1st tried in humans in 2004
NON-INVASIVE Brain Computer Interfaces
No Surgery Required
No electrodes implanted inside the head Based on EEG Signal Quality Poor (because of the skull) Applications Power muscle implants Restore partial movements Virtual Gaming
Diagrammatic Representation
Detailed Block-Level Diagram of Brain Computer Interfaces
>>>>>>>>>>> WORKING<<<<<<<<<<<
RESEARCHES AND APPLICATIONS On Brain Computer Interfaces
RATS implanted with BCI in Bergers Experiment
Rhesus Monkey in Nicoleliss Research at Dukes University
WAPWALK AGAIN PROJECT
(MIGUEL NICOLELIS)
BCIs and Brain Controlled Wheel Chair
HONDAs Brain Computer Interface
DISADVANTAGES of BCIs
Headache Exhausting Laziness Degenerate
FUTURE APPLICATIONS
of Brain Computer Interfaces Linking people via chip implants to super intelligent machines creating in effect, super humans. These cyborgs will be onestep ahead of humans. And just as humans have always valued themselves above other forms of life, it is likely that cyborgs will look down on humans who have yet to evolve.
