Therban in Fuel Related Application

Dr. Sharon Guo Prasanth B. LANXESS TRP

Dr.Sharon Guo, Dec.1, 2010 TRP Business Group

 Introduction Therban General Performance Therban Performance in Diesel and Biodiesel Therban Performance in Fuel and Fuel + Alcohol

Dr.Sharon Guo, Dec.1, 2010 TRP Business Group

Introduction
1. Regulations on car emissions 2. Different Fuel - Regular Fuel & Bio fuel. 3. Stability of Diesel/biodiesel

Dr.Sharon Guo, Dec.1, 2010 TRP Business Group

1. Comparison of Passenger Car Emissions Standards in the EU, USA and Japan

Nitrogen Oxide Limits g/km for petrol engines

Nitrogen Oxide Limits g/km for diesel engines

US California Japan EU

Particulate Matter Limits g/km for diesel engines

Dr.Sharon Guo, Dec.1, 2010 TRP Business Group

1. EU emissions standards for cars

Particulate matters Emissions (PM)/ Standard Euro 2 (1996) Euro 3 (2000) Euro 4 (2005) Fiscal incentives guidance document (2005) Euro 5* (2010) (mg/km) Diesel 80-100 Petrol 50 25 -

Oxides of nitrogen (NOx) (mg/km) Diesel 500 250 Petrol -

Hydrocarbo ns?HC) (mg/km) Diesel Petrol 150 80 200 100

Carbon monoxide (CO) (mg/km) Diesel 700/900 560 300 Petrol 500

55 5

200

60 -

75 -

The values shown here are the Commission's proposal from 21 December 2005

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1. 1. Emission EmissionStandards Standardsfor forNew New Vehicles Vehicles(Light (Light Duty) Duty) -- Asia Asia

a Entire country b Delhi and other cities; Euro 2 introduced in Mumbai, Kolkata and Chennai in 2001; Euro 2 in Bangalore, Hyderabad, Khampur, Pune and Ahmedabad in 2003, Euro 3 to be introduced in Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Bangalore, Hyderabad and Ahmedabad in 2005 c Beijing and Shanghai d Gasoline vehicles under consideration e for gasoline vehicles f for diesel vehicles Dr.Sharon Guo, Dec.1, 2010 TRP Business Group

2. Different Fuel Types Regular Fuel

DIN FAM A 50 % Toluene, 30 % Isooctane, 15 % Diisobutylene, 5 % Ethanol; FAM B 84.5 % FAM A, 15 % Methanol, 0.5 % De-ionised Water; BS/ISO, ASTM, JIS Fuel A 100 % Isooctane; Fuel B 70 % Isooctane, 30 % Toluene Fuel D 40 % Isooctane, 60 % Toluene.

Fuel C 50 % Isooctane, 50 % Toluene; Clean Fuel (cleaning agent added)

5% to as much as 30 % cleaning agent. Typically Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether (MTBE)

Diesel Fuel Increasing number of vehicles powered by diesel world wide; Germany as leading country: 42.5% car with diesel engine in 2005, total diesel consumption is 30 million tons/y in 2005.
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2. Different Fuel Types Bio Fuel

In Europe, RME Rape-seed-oil-methylester (also called FAME: fatty-acid-methyl-ester); Rape seed and sun flower based. In NAFTA, Asia, South America, Soya, Palm based

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3. Stability of Diesel and Biodiesel

The diesel is degraded after a certain time under high temperature.

Dr.Sharon Guo, Dec.1, 2010 TRP Business Group

3. Stability of Diesel and Biodiesel

Amount of RME degradation at 125C

0,90

Acid Number [mg KOH/g]

0,80 0,70 0,60 0,50 0,40 0,30 0,20 0,10 0,00

RME fresh mit 0,1% BHT RME stored/aged

Spec.-limit

Day 0

Day 7

The degradated biodiesel will negatively influence polymers aging

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3. Stability of Diesel and Biodiesel

- Test Condition of Elastomer Performance in Diesel and Biodiesel should be Sensible e.g. Tests for elastomers to withstand 150 C in diesel fuels for up to 500 hours are unrealistic as the diesel/biodiesel itself would deterioate at those conditions - If we need this type of tests, fresh diesel shall be used to exchange the aged diesel every 3 days (since in real life, the diesel in the engine is always fresh).

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Therban General performance

Dr.Sharon Guo, Dec.1, 2010 TRP Business Group

Typical Typical Structure Structureand andProperties Propertiesof ofHNBR HNBR

H H H H
05%

H H

H H H H

H H H

H C N

R= Ethyl Group

Excellent Oil/Fuel Resistance; Superior Mechanical Strength; Good processability

Dr.Sharon Guo, Dec.1, 2010 TRP Business Group

Good Thermal Oxidation Resistance Good Low temperature flexibility

Global GlobalHNBR HNBRMarket Market by byApplications Applications

17% 13% 45%

25%

Belts

Seals & Gaskets

Cable & Hoses

Others

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Good GoodThermal ThermalOxidative OxidativeAging AgingResistance Resistance

HNBR-39 HNBR-43 HNBR-34 HNBR-36

30 25 20 15 Change in Property 10 5 0 -5 -1 0 -1 5 -2 0 -2 5 -3 0
C h g . Har d . Sh o r e A (p ts .) C h g . Ulti. T e n s . ( %) C h g . Ulti. Elo n g . (%)

Hot air ageing at 150C/504 h

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Excellent Performance in Engine Oil

HNBR-39 HNBR-43 HNBR-36 HNBR-34

30 10

C h g . Har d . Sh o r e A ( p t s .) C h g . Ult i. T e n s . ( %) C h g . Ult i. Elo n g . ( %) V o l. C h an g e ( %)

Change in Property

-10

-30 -50 -70

Property Change - Immersion in Cecilia 20 (504h/150C)

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Very Good for Application in ATF

HNBR-34 HNBR-43 HNBR-36 HNBR-39 20 Change in Property -1 0 -4 0 -7 0

C h g . H a r d . S h o r e A ( p t s .) C h g . U lt i. T e n s . ( % ) C h g . U lt i. Elo n g . ( % ) V o l. C h a n g e ( % )

-1 0 0

Stress Strain Immersion in Esso ATF LT71141 (504 h/150C)

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Therban Performance in Diesel and Bio Diesel

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Therban Performance in Diesel and Biodiesel

V [%]

40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 FAME Diesel/FAME

80C 3d

Diesel/FAME: 90/10

ACN [% ]

34

Diesel 39 43

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Therban Performance in Diesel and Biodiesel

V [%]

40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0

80C 14d

FAME

Diesel/FAME: 90/10

Diesel/FAME

ACN [%

34

Diesel 39 43

Therban is a good choice for application in Diesel and Biodiesel Increased ACN content further supports performance.
Dr.Sharon Guo, Dec.1, 2010 TRP Business Group

Therban Performance in Diesel and Biodiesel Comparison of Therban AT 5005 with FKM
Therban AT C 5005 VP GBL 600 S GLT 600 S N 990 black compound MgO TAIC (KETTLITZ-TAIC 70) PERKADOX 14-40 B-PD Physical Properties Hardness (Shore A) S 50 (MPa) S 100 (MPa) S 300 (MPa) Tens. Stren. (MPa) El. at Br. (%)
ML1+4/100 C t90
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Comp. 1 100

Comp. 2 100

Comp. 3

100

50

100 50

2,1 9,5
74 2,6 5,5 12,9 12,9 322 70 442

3 3,5 3
78 3,3 8,3 -17,6 245 130 71

3 3,5 3
78 3,6 9,3 -18,8 217 130 64

(ME) (sec.)

Therban Performance in Diesel and Biodiesel

Therban AT C 5005 VP 10

GBL 600 S

GLT 600 S

Imroved stability in RME

Volume Change in %
5

equal stability in SME

0
Therban AT C 5005 VP
10,00

GBL 600 S

GLT 600 S

-5
B20 RME 125C/168h B20 RME 125C/504h

Volume Change in %

5,00

-10

0,00

-5,00 B20 SME 125C/168h B20 SME 125C/504h -10,00

Dr.Sharon Guo, Dec.1, 2010 TRP Business Group

Therban Performance in Fuel and Bio Fuel (Fuel + Alcohol)

Dr.Sharon Guo, Dec.1, 2010 TRP Business Group

Therban Performance in Fuel/Biofuel - Different Fuel Compositions (43% ACN Therban Used)
80
Fuel C is more aggressive than Fuel D 15-30% alcohol has more negative effect Ethanol has less negative effect than methanol Therban performs well in E85

60 Wt% Change

40

20

0 100;0 95;5 90;10 85;15 80;20 70;30 50;50 0;100

Fuel C+ethanol Fuel C+methanol
Dr.Sharon Guo, Dec.1, 2010 TRP Business Group

48 hr @40C

Fuel D +ethanol Fuel D+methanol

Therban Performance in Fuel/Biofuel Using 43% and 50% ACN Polymers

Test of fully hydrogenated grades
Recipe Therban A 5008 VP (Lab.) Therban AT A 5005 VP (Lab) Therban A 4307 MT THERMAX FLOFORM N-990 DISFLAMOLL DPK EDENOR C 18 98-100 LUVOMAXX CDPA RHENOGRAN PCD-50 DYNAMAR RC-5251 Q MAGLITE DE ZINKOXYD AKTIV TAIC (KETTLITZ-TAIC) PERKADOX 14-40 B-PD 1 (5008) 100 2 (5005) 100 100 10 1 3 3 8 2 2 1,5 8 100 10 1 3 3 8 2 2 1,5 9,5 100 100 10 1 3 3 8 2 2 1,5 8 4 (4307)

Dr.Sharon Guo, Dec.1, 2010 TRP Business Group

Therban Performance in Fuel/Biofuel Using 43% and 50% ACN Polymers

Basic Basicphysical physicalproperties properties

Physical properties within the range of HNBR compounds Even good Low Temperature behavior in combination with high ACN-content!

Dr.Sharon Guo, Dec.1, 2010 TRP Business Group

Therban Performance in Fuel/Biofuel Using 43% and 50% ACN Polymers

Comparison -Fuels Comparisonof ofStandard StandardFuel Fuelto toFlex Flex-Fuels
Fuels 168h, 80 C
50 45

Fuel C 168h/80 C FAM A 168h/80 C E 85 (Petrol Station) 168h/80 C

Volume Change [%]

40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0

Therban A 4307

Therban A 5008 VP Therban AT A 5005 (Lab.) VP (Lab)

Less volume swell through maximum polarity!

Dr.Sharon Guo, Dec.1, 2010 TRP Business Group

Therban Performance in Fuel/Biofuel Using 43% and 50% ACN Polymers

Behavior Behaviorin inDifferent DifferentFlexfuels Flexfuels
Fuels 168h/40 C
50,0 45,0 40,0 Volume Change [%] 35,0 30,0 25,0 20,0 15,0 10,0 5,0 0,0 Therban A 4307 Therban A 5008 VP (Lab.) Therban AT A 5005 VP (Lab) Fuel C E20 (artificial) E40 (artificial) E60 (artificial) E 85 (Petrol Station)

Improved swelling behavior in modern fuels!

Dr.Sharon Guo, Dec.1, 2010 TRP Business Group

Therban Performance in Fuel/Biofuel Using 43% and 50% ACN Polymers

Comparison of Ultra High ACN Therban against FKM in modern fuels
Therban vs. FKM
20 18
FKM 1* Therban A 4307 Therban A 5008 VP (Lab.) Therban AT A 5005 VP (Lab) FKM 2*

Volume Change [%]

16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0

E 85 (168h/40 C)
*Direct comparison to published data: R. Stevens; ACS 2006, paper # 86A: FKM 1 ~ 64% F-content; FKM 2 ~ 70% F-content; both peroxide cured Dr.Sharon Guo, Dec.1, 2010 TRP Business Group

Summary
1. Therban has very good heat resistance, excellent oil resistance and superior mechanical strength. 2. Therban grades with 34 to 50 ACN can be used in diesel and biodiesel application, higher ACN Therban gives less swell. 3. >43 ACN Therban grades are recommended for application in fuel, and biofuel. 4. 50 ACN Therban performs very good in E85 fuel.

Dr.Sharon Guo, Dec.1, 2010 TRP Business Group

Thank You for Your Attention

Dr.Sharon Guo, Dec.1, 2010 TRP Business Group

Dr.Sharon Guo, Dec.1, 2010 TRP Business Group