Test Bank
Chapter 15: Spatial Orientation and the Vestibular System
1. Which of the following is the collective term for the set of five organs located in the inner ear that sense head motion and head orientation with respect to gravity? a. Orientation system b. Balance system c. Vestibular system d. Auditory system e. Gravity sensation system 2. The sense of _______ is comprised of three interacting sensory modalities: our sense of linear motion, angular motion, and tilt. a. spatial awareness b. spatial orientation c. balance d. movement e. heading 3. _______ are the toroidal tubes in the vestibular system that sense angular motion. a. Otolith organs b. Ossicles c. Semicircular canals d. Cochlea e. Saccules 4. The sense of _______ registers motion resulting from rotation. a. orientation b. tilt c. balance d. angular motion e. linear motion 5. The sense of _______ registers head inclination with respect to gravity. a. orientation b. tilt c. balance d. angular motion e. linear motion 6. The sense of _______ registers motion resulting from translation. a. orientation b. tilt c. balance
d. angular motion e. linear motion 7. _______ support the stereocilia that transduce mechanical movement in the vestibular labyrinth into neural activity sent to the brain stem. a. Hair cells b. Otolith organs c. Saccules d. Utricles e. Semicircular canals 8. A(n) _______ is the change in voltage of sensory receptor cells in response to stimulation. a. voltage gradient b. receptor potential c. otolith response d. utricle response e. saccule response 9. Semicircular-canal neurons respond to _______ and _______, but not _______. a. acceleration; deceleration; constant velocity b. acceleration; constant velocity; deceleration c. deceleration; constant velocity; acceleration d. roll; pitch; yaw e. pitch; yaw; roll 10. The _______ are specialized detectors of linear acceleration and gravity found in each otolith organ. a. saccule b. otoconia c. maculae d. utricle e. cristae 11. The _______ are tiny calcium carbonate stones in the ear that provide inertial mass for the otolith organs, enabling them to sense gravity and linear acceleration. a. saccule b. otoconia c. maculae d. utricle e. cristae 12. The two otolith organs are the _______ and _______. a. maculae; cristae b. saccule; maculae c. saccule; cristae
d. utricle; maculae e. utricle; saccule 13. Which of the following two forces acting on the head will result in similar otoconial movement? a. Backward head tilt and sideways acceleration b. Forward head tilt and sideways acceleration c. Backward head tilt and backward acceleration d. Backward head tilt and forward acceleration e. Forward head tilt and forward acceleration 14. _______ is an illusory sense of self motion produced when you are not, in fact, moving. a. Vection b. Yaw c. Roll d. Pitch e. Tilt 15. If an observer looks at visual display that rolls clockwise, they first perceive the display to be _______ and then start to feel as if they are rotating _______. a. speeding up; counter-clockwise b. speeding up; clockwise c. slowing down; counter-clockwise d. slowing down; clockwise e. None of the above 16. The _______ reflex is the term for eye movements that compensate for rotations of the head to maintain fixation on an object. a. translational motion b. angular motion c. balance fixation d. translational vestibulo-ocular e. angular vestibulo-ocular 17. If an observer is fixating on an object and then rotates her head to the right, the _______ reflex will cause her eyes to rotate to the left to maintain fixation. a. angular vestibulo-ocular b. translational vestibulo-ocular c. translational motion d. balance fixation e. angular motion 18. The _______ innervate(s) glands, the heart, and the digestive system and is responsible for regulation of many involuntary actions. a. cranial nerves
b. autonomic nervous system c. otolith organs d. inferior rectus e. vestibular nerve 19. _______ typically result(s) from a disagreement between the motion and orientation signals provided by the semicircular canals, otolith organs, and vision. a. Exhaustion b. The tilt aftereffect c. The vestibulo-ocular reflex d. Motion sickness e. Hallucinations 20. Loss of _______ would result in our balance to be severely degraded and might cause us to fall over. a. the autonomic nervous system b. vestibulo-ocular reflexes c. vestibulo-spinal responses d. tilt aftereffects e. vection 21. Vestibular information reaches the cortex via the _______ pathways. a. thalamo-cortical b. tempero-parietal c. occipital-parietal d. superior frontal e. inferior frontal
