MAGLEV TRAIN

Lesson: EE 205 (elektromanyetik alan teorisi) Instructor : Gkhan APAYDIN Student: Murat TARCAN Students no: 020211045

CONTENTS TOPICS Page No.

[Link]........................................................1 2. MAGNETIC LEVITATION SYSTEM.....................1 3. ELECTROMAGNETIC SUSPENSION SYSTEM (EMS)..............................................................................2 4. ELECTRODYNAMIC SUSPENSION SYSTEM (EDS)......3 5. INDUCTRACK..4 [Link] PRNCPLE....5 7. ADVANTAGES AND DSADVANTAGES OF MAGLEV TRAINS....5 [Link]......5 9. QUESTIONS..5 [Link]..6 [Link].7 [Link]...........................................................7

INTRODUCTION Transportation is the most important thing in the modern life because the life is getting fast day by day. For this reason, communities try to develop your communication systems as soon as possible. The maglev trains are one of them. In the first, humanity transport with normal train and they used lots of fossils for moving them. However , these trains are not fast enough. Maglev train principle was reported by American scientist Robert Goddard in 1904 but in 1970s the scientists started to interest in that topic. German and Japanese scientists researched and designed the maglev trains. Of course, these trains main principle is that the same magnetic material surface push each other. These scientists developed these idea day by day and nowadays, maglev trains can reach the 574.8 km/h. On the other hand, china try to reach 1000 km/h speed. MAGNETIC LEVITATION SYSTEM Maglev word come from the magnetic levitation system. The scientists take the mag syllable from magnetic and take the lev syllable from the levitation and they combined these syllables. Magnetic levitation system bases on the magnetic field. Magnetic field creates a magnetic area and it has two poles. We say that if a material creates it, its name is magnet. Magnets poles names are north pole and south

pole. These poles push each other if they are the same poles. Its name is repulsion. On the other hand, if you get closer the different poles to each other, they attract each other and this events name is attraction. The scientists can not use the natural magnets on the maglev levitation system because using the natural magnets is expensive. For this reason, they benefit from electromagnets. Electromagnet creates a magnetic field with using the electricity. We give the electricity to the selenoid and we can create the magnetic field. Main idea is that the train hang on the air and it goes to frictionless environment. However, it destroys the gravity. Air friction stays in there. Magnetic levitation system departs from into three significant types of suspension or levitation. These are; 1. Electromagnetic suspension. 2. Electrodynamic suspension. 3. Inductrack. Look figure a. ELECTROMAGNETC SUSPENSION (EMS) Ems is the short form of electromagnetic suspension. In here, important thing is that trains guide way shape look like a T and our electromagnets put on the car (car that is the movable part of the train or up part of the train). Also, we use the ferromagnetic materials on it because we want to create a magnetic field as soon as possible power. In addition to them, the scientists use the

computer systems for controlling the maglev train systems. However the scientists raise the train only 10 mm. The small distance of about 10mm n e e d s t o b e c o n s t a n t l y monitored in order to avoid contact between the trains rails and the g u i d e r a i l . T h i s d i s t a n c e i s a l s o m o n i t o r e d by c o m p u t e r s , w h i c h w i l l automatically adjust the strength of the magnetic force to bring this distance back to around 10mm, if needed.(1) ELECTRODYNAMIC SUSPENSION (EDS) In this type of the levitations tracks are different from electromagnetic levitation because its guide way a little bit differences. Its shape similar to E letter but its legs looks the north side and the train put on the that guide way. However, the most major difference is that the scientists put the electro magnets on the guide way. In here the Japanese scientists use different materials but there is no so complex contrast between them. Main working principle is the same if you compare it with electromagnetic suspension. We give the electricity electromagnets on the track. The train starts to go to upward but again this raising is only mm. System working is so easy. You can think them like two materials and they hang on air.

INDUCTRACK In this type of suspension the scientists use permanent magnet and put them a little bit different. If the first magnet looks the north side, the other one looks the where train goes. In other words, the scientists fix them in 9 0 angels. This position gives the advantages to the scientists. The train hangs on air and move where they want. Fixing the north side of the magnets put it on the air but other ones give the direction of it. This type of the suspension of maglev train developed from American scientist Dr. Richard Post. MOVING PRINCIPLE OF MAGLEV TRAINS There are a little bit differences between the suspensions systems. However, these are so small differences. Especially, EMS and EDS are so similar to each other because the scientists fix the magnets on the right and left sides of the train and it is working to crossposition method. Cross-position is that, one magnet pushes the other magnet and, next one attracts it. Of course, its fixing position is a bit different. On the other hand, inductrack system is different from the other systems. In here, we use permanents magnets and we give the direction of maglev train with this way. We fix them with 90 angles and our trains go like that. Look figure b.

ADVANTAGES OF MAGLEV TRAINS Magnetic field: Maglev train work with magnetic fields in other word we use electricity or magnet on them. Noise level : Maglev trains are so quite if you compare them the other trains. Energy : They use electricity or magnets when they working for this reason they waste less energy than the other transportations system. Pollution : They can not pollute the environment. Safety : Maglev trains are so safety from planes, car etc DISADVANTAGES OF MAGLEV TRAINS Disadvantages of the maglev trains are first installation cost because it is so expansive. Also, its researching is so expansive and regularly check its working because it can be work easily. CONCLUSION To sum up, maglev train working principle is that it works magnetic fields and we create it from

electricity or directly we use magnetic materials. Maglev train system is apart from three main parts these are electromagnetic suspension, electrodynamic suspension and inductrack. Their main difference is guide ways shapes. Of the shape of EMS is T. EDSs one is like E. However, inductracks shape is straight. In addition to them they have lots of advantages and also plenty of countries started to change their old trains with them because in that century time is similar to money. If you have lots of time you can reach lots of money. QUESTIONS 1) What can maglev train move the upward on air? 2) What is the speed of the fast train on the world? 3) What kind of types of maglev trains? What are they? 1) 10 mm. 2) 571.8 km/h 3) 3 types. a. Electromagnetic suspension. b. Electrodynamic suspension. c. Inductrack. FIGURES

Figure a:

figure b:

QUATATIONS 1) [Link] PAGE 3/ prg2. REFRENCES 1) [Link] 2) [Link]/wiki/Acela_Express. 3) [Link]. 4) [Link].