GENERIC NAME BRAND NAME CLASSIFICATION INDICATION ACTION
Ampicillin Antibiotic Treatment of bacterial infections Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to one or more of the penicillin binding proteins. Which in turn inhibits the final transpeptidation step of peptidoglycan synthesis in bacterial cell walls, thus inhibiting cell wall biosynthesis. Bacteria eventually lyse due to ongoing activity of cell wall autolytic enzymes while cell wall assembly is arrested. I. Site of infection Pain Thrombophlebitis II. GI Diarrhea N&V Flatulence Abdominal Distention Glossitis III. CNS Fatigue Malaise H/A IV. Misc. Itching Chest pain Edema Facial swelling Erythema Chills Tightness of the throat Epistaxis Substernal pain Mucosal bleeding Candidiasis A. Assessment History: o Allergies to penicillins, cephalosporins, or other allergens. Renal Disorder Physical: o Culture infected area o Skin color, o Lesion; o Respiratory: adventitious sounds; o Bowel sounds o Liver and renal function tests
SIDE EFFECTS
NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES
o Serum electrolytes o Hematocrit o Urinalysis. B. Interventions 1. Observe patients10 rights in drug administration. 2. Monitor patients vital signs to serve as baseline data and to determine the effectiveness of the drug. 3. Check IV site carefully for signs of thrombosis or drug reaction. 4. For direct I.V. injection, give over 10 - 15minutes. Dont exceed 200 mg/minute. More rapid administration may result in convulsive seizures. 5. Change I.V. site every 48 hours. 6. Watch for signs and symptoms of hypersensitivity reaction. 7. Monitor for bleeding tendency or hemorrhage.
GENERIC NAME BRAND NAME CLASSIFICATION INDICATION ACTION SIDE EFFECTS
Amikacin Antibiotic Treatment of infections caused by susceptible strains of microorganisms. Inhibits production of bacterial protein, causing bacterial cell death. I. CNS: o Neurotoxicity o Drowsiness o Unsteady gait o Weakness o Clumsiness o Paresthesias o Tremors, o Convulsions o Peripheral neuritis. II. Special Senses: o High-frequency hearing loss o Complete hearing loss o Tinnitus o Ringing or buzzing in ears o Dizziness o Ataxia. III. GI: o N&V o Hepatotoxicity. IV. Metabolic: o Hypokalemia o Hypomagnesemia. V. Skin:
VI.
VII. NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES I. II.
o Skin rash o Urticaria o Pruritus o Redness. Urogenital: o Oliguria o Urinary frequency o Hematuria o Tubular necrosis o Azotemia. Other: o Superinfections Obtain specimen for culture and sensitivity test before giving first dose. Evaluate patients hearing before and during therapy if he will be receiving drug for longer than 2weeks. Notify prescriber if patient has tinnitus, vertigo, or hearing loss. Weigh patient and review renal function studies before therapy begins. Correct dehydration before therapy because of increase risk of toxicity. Obtain blood for peak level 1 hour after I.M. injection and 30 mins. to 1 hour after I.V. infusion ends. Peak drug levels more than 35mcg/ml and trough levels more than10 mcg/ml may linked to a higher risk of toxicity Watch for signs and symptoms of super infection such as continued fever, chills, and increased pulse rate.
III. IV. V. VI.
VII.
GENERIC NAME BRAND NAME CLASSIFICATION INDICATION ACTION
Cefotaxime Antibiotic Third Generation cephalosporin that inhibit cell-wall synthesis, promoting osmotic instability; usually bactericidal. Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis, rendering cell wall osmotically unstable, leading to cell
SIDE EFFECTS
death. I. CNS: o H/A o Confusion o Fatigue II. GI: o Anorexia o Diarrhea o N&V o Abdominal cramps o Colitis III. Hematologic: o Transient neutropenia o Granulocytopenia o Leucopenia o Eosinophilia o Thrombocytopenia o Agranulocytopenia IV. Other: o hypersensitivityreactions 1. Determine history of hypersensitivity reactions to cephalosporins, penicillins, and a history of allergies, particularly to drugs, before therapy is initiated. 2. Inspect I.M. and I.V. injection sites frequently for signs of phlebitis. 3. Report onset of loose stools or diarrhea. 4. Monitor I&O rates and pattern: Especially important in severely ill patients receiving high doses. Report any significant changes
NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES
