UG 111 Engineering Mechanics 3(3-0)
Distributed Forces
Than Lin, Ph.D. Instructor, Undergraduate Program Asian Institute of Technology
Engineering Mechanics 3(3-0), AIT-UG (Sept2011)
Presentation Outline
Introduction Center of Mass Centroids (Line, Area, Volume) Composite Bodies and Figures Theorem of Pappus Special Topics -Beams-External Effects Beams External -Beams-Internal Effects Flexible Cables Fluid Statics
Engineering Mechanics 3(3-0), AIT-UG (Sept2011)
Introduction
When forces are applied over a region whose dimensions are not negligible compared with other pertinent di li ibl d ih h i dimensions, we must i account for the actual manner in which the force is distributed by summing up the effects of the distributed force over the entire region region. For this purpose, we need to know the intensity of the force at any location and we will use the integration to find their total effects. g
Area Distribution Line Distribution Volume Distribution
Engineering Mechanics 3(3-0), AIT-UG (Sept2011)
Centers of Mass & Centroids
Engineering Mechanics 3(3-0), AIT-UG (Sept2011)
Center of Mass
CG: point where the resultant gravitational force W acts CM: point at which the total mass is visually concentrated
Location of the CG and CM are found by the principle of moment sum of the moments = moment of the sum
Engineering Mechanics 3(3-0), AIT-UG (Sept2011)
Centers of Mass & Centroids
Engineering Mechanics 3(3-0), AIT-UG (Sept2011)
Centers of Mass & Centroids
Engineering Mechanics 3(3-0), AIT-UG (Sept2011)
Centroids of lines, areas, volumes
Engineering Mechanics 3(3-0), AIT-UG (Sept2011)
Engineering Mechanics 3(3-0), AIT-UG (Sept2011)
Engineering Mechanics 3(3-0), AIT-UG (Sept2011)
Engineering Mechanics 3(3-0), AIT-UG (Sept2011)
Engineering Mechanics 3(3-0), AIT-UG (Sept2011)
Engineering Mechanics 3(3-0), AIT-UG (Sept2011)
Engineering Mechanics 3(3-0), AIT-UG (Sept2011)
Engineering Mechanics 3(3-0), AIT-UG (Sept2011)
Engineering Mechanics 3(3-0), AIT-UG (Sept2011)
Engineering Mechanics 3(3-0), AIT-UG (Sept2011)
Engineering Mechanics 3(3-0), AIT-UG (Sept2011)
Engineering Mechanics 3(3-0), AIT-UG (Sept2011)
Engineering Mechanics 3(3-0), AIT-UG (Sept2011)
Engineering Mechanics 3(3-0), AIT-UG (Sept2011)
Engineering Mechanics 3(3-0), AIT-UG (Sept2011)
Composite Bodies and Figures; Approximation
Engineering Mechanics 3(3-0), AIT-UG (Sept2011)
Approximation Method
Engineering Mechanics 3(3-0), AIT-UG (Sept2011)
Irregular Volume
Engineering Mechanics 3(3-0), AIT-UG (Sept2011)
Engineering Mechanics 3(3-0), AIT-UG (Sept2011)
Engineering Mechanics 3(3-0), AIT-UG (Sept2011)
Engineering Mechanics 3(3-0), AIT-UG (Sept2011)
Engineering Mechanics 3(3-0), AIT-UG (Sept2011)
Engineering Mechanics 3(3-0), AIT-UG (Sept2011)
Locate the center of mass of the bracket and shaft combination. The vertical face is made from sheet metal which has a mass of 25 kg/m2. The material of the horizontal base has a mass of 40 kg/m2, and the steel shaft has a density of 7.83 Mg/m3.
Engineering Mechanics 3(3-0), AIT-UG (Sept2011)
Engineering Mechanics 3(3-0), AIT-UG (Sept2011)
Theorem of Pappus
Engineering Mechanics 3(3-0), AIT-UG (Sept2011)
Theorem of Pappus
Several practical objects have their surface or volume created by revolving the planar curve or the planar area about the nonintersecting line in its plane. Pappus theorem is used to determine the area or volume of the revolved object. This is done by dividing the object into infinitesimal circular-arc strips along the axis of revolution. Then the total area or volume may b d be determined from integrating the infinitesimal area or i df i i h i fi i i l volume of these strips.
Engineering Mechanics 3(3-0), AIT-UG (Sept2011)
Theorem of Pappus
A = 2 y dL A = 2 yL
A = yL
V = 2 yA V = yA
V = 2 ydA
Engineering Mechanics 3(3-0), AIT-UG (Sept2011)
Engineering Mechanics 3(3-0), AIT-UG (Sept2011)
Engineering Mechanics 3(3-0), AIT-UG (Sept2011)
Engineering Mechanics 3(3-0), AIT-UG (Sept2011)
Special Topics
-Beams-External Effects Beams External
Various Types of Beam Loading and Support
Beam - structural member designed to support loads l d applied at various points along its length. li d i i l i l h
Beam can be subjected to concentrated loads or distributed loads or combination of both.
Engineering Mechanics 3(3-0), AIT-UG (Sept2011)
Special Topics
-Beams-External Effects Beams External Type of Beams
B Beams are classified according to way in which they are supported. l ifi d di i hi h h d Reactions at beam supports are determinate if they involve only three unknowns. Otherwise, they are statically indeterminate.
Engineering Mechanics 3(3-0), AIT-UG (Sept2011)
Distributed Loads
Engineering Mechanics 3(3-0), AIT-UG (Sept2011)
Engineering Mechanics 3(3-0), AIT-UG (Sept2011)
-Beams-Internal Effects Beams Internal
Beam design is two-step process: 1) determine shearing forces and bending moments produced by applied loads 2) select cross-section best suited to resist shearing forces and bending moments
Engineering Mechanics 3(3-0), AIT-UG (Sept2011)
Wish to determine bending moment and shearing force at any point in a beam subjected to concentrated and distributed loads.
Determine reactions at supports by treating whole beam as free-body. h l b f b d
C tb Cut beam at C and d t d draw f free-body b d diagrams for AC and CB. By definition, positive sense for internal force-couple systems are as shown. shown From equilibrium considerations, determine M and V d V.
Engineering Mechanics 3(3-0), AIT-UG (Sept2011)
Engineering Mechanics 3(3-0), AIT-UG (Sept2011)
Shear and Bending Moment Diagrams g g
Variation of shear and bending moment along beam may be plotted. Determine reactions at supports.
Cut beam at C and consider member AC,
V = + P 2 M = + Px 2
Cut beam at E and consider member EB,
V = P 2 M = + P(L x) 2
For a beam subjected to concentrated loads, shear is constant between loading p g points and moment varies linearly.
Engineering Mechanics 3(3-0), AIT-UG (Sept2011)
Engineering Mechanics 3(3-0), AIT-UG (Sept2011)
