__________________________________________s Notes
The Science of Biology
Chapter 1
What is science?
Science is an organized way of ____________________________and
________________ ____________________ about the natural world; a
process of gathering knowledge.
Science is also refers to the complete _____________________________
that humans have gathered over the years.
The goal of science is to provide explanations of why things happen in the
natural world, and then to use this knowledge to ____________________
future natural events.
The Scientific Method
What is the scientific method?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
What are the steps?
1. ____________________________ !
5. __________________________
2. ____________________________ !
6. __________________________
3. ____________________________ !
7. __________________________
4. ____________________________
1
__________________________________________s Notes
What are the steps of the scientific method?
!
1. Observation of Phenomena
What are phenomena?
_______________________________________________.
1.
Creating a question (5Ws & 1H)
Who, What, When, Where, Why & How.
*____________________________________________________________.
What are the steps of the scientific method?
2.
Forming a hypothesis
Definition: _______________________________________________________.
The scientists expects his hypothesis to be correct; it is a prediction.
Written as an __________________________ statement.
If part = ____________________________________________ variable.
Then part = __________________________________________ variable
What are the steps of the scientific method?
3.
Controlled Experiment - tests the hypothesis. Has two parts:
Control group ___________________________; for comparison
Experimental group _______________________________________
2
__________________________________________s Notes
What are the steps of the scientific method?
4.
Controlled Experiment - What are the variables?
Manipulated/Independent variable ___________________________________;
it is the difference between the control & experimental groups.
____________________________________________________________.
!
!
Responding/Dependent variable the change that is caused by the manipulated
variable. ________________________________________________________.
What are the steps of the scientific method?
5.
Analyze Data & Make Conclusion
What is data?
______________________________________________
Two types of data:
A. ___________________________________ (numbers)
B. ___________________________________ (descriptive)
Conclusion: Is the hypothesis correct? Why?
6.
Repeat
Why? Consistent data provides ___________________________ to support
the hypothesis.
What are the steps of the scientific method?
7.
Peer Review: Other scientists review your work and give their opinions on the
validity of your conclusion.
__________________________________________s Notes
How is this done?
A. E-mail, Skype, FaceTime, etc.
B. Presentations at a conference, webinars, etc.
C. Publish in a scientific journal like Nature or Science
The Scientific Mindset
What type of attitudes benefit a scientist?
_____________________: essential for any scientists
_____________________: essential skill that allows one
to refuse to accept explanations without solid evidence
_____________________: helps to create elegant
experiments
The Difference between hypothesis & theory
What is a theory?
________________________________________________________________.
Book Definition: A well-tested explanation that unifies a broad range of
observations and hypotheses that enables scientists to make accurate predictions
about new situations.
Scientists use theories to help make _______________________, but theories are
not laws. A theory can be changed or discarded with the discovery of new
evidence.
__________________________________________s Notes
All theories/hypotheses need to avoid ____________________________ (a
particular preference or point of view that is not scientific). Peer review is
designed to eliminate bias.
Studying Life
What is biology?
____________________________. Bio = life; logy = study of
What are some of the branches of biology?
_______________________ study of animals
_______________________ study of plants
_______________________ study of lifes chemistry
_______________________ study ancient life
Characteristics of Life
What are the characteristics of life?
1.
___________________________________
2.
___________________________________
3.
___________________________________
4.
___________________________________
5.
___________________________________
6.
___________________________________
7.
___________________________________
8.
___________________________________
__________________________________________s Notes
Characteristics of Life
What are the characteristics of life?
1. All living things are made up of cells.
!
!
_______________________________ made of many cells; must
have specialized cells (cells that have special shapes & functions)
_______________________________ made of only one cell
Characteristics of Life
What are the characteristics of life?
!
!
2. A living things reproduce.
Two types of reproduction:
A. ___________________________ offspring is genetically
identical to the parent.
!
Pros: easy to do. Cons: no genetic variety
B. ___________________________ offspring is genetically
different than the parents
!
!
!
!
!
!
Pros: lots of genetic variety
Cons: harder to do
Characteristics of Life
What are the characteristics of life?
3. All living things use a universal genetic code.
All organisms use ____________________ to pass on information to the next
generation. DNA contains the information to produce __________________.
Proteins ______________________________________________________.
__________________________________________s Notes
Characteristics of Life
What are the characteristics of life?
4. All living things grow and develop.
!
_______________________________ get bigger by producing more cells
or making the cells that one has bigger.
_______________________________ change in form and function. Some
of the cells of the organism can do new things. This is often done through a
process called ________________________________________________.
What are the characteristics of life?
5. All living things obtain and use materials and energy.
Materials = the basic ____________________________
!
(carbohydrates, lipids, proteins & nucleic
!
acids)
!
Energy = the__________________________________.
Typically stored in __________________________.
Characteristics of Life
What are the characteristics of life?
!
!
!
6. All living things respond to their environment.
!
!
_________________________ = environmental signal that
cause a response
__________________________________________s Notes
7. All living things maintain a stable internal environment.
This process is known as _________________________________. A stable
internal environment makes the chemistry of life easier to occur.
Characteristics of Life
What are the characteristics of life?
!
8. Taken as a group, living things
evolve.
Evolution occurs by a process called
_________________________________. Individuals with the best traits
reproduce more often and pass on these good traits to the next generation.
Characteristics of Life
Levels of Biological Organization
________________________: group of
similar cells working togetherOrgan:
group of similar tissues working
together
________________________: members of
same species in a given area
________________________: many
populations in an are
________________________: community
plus nonliving (abiotic) factors
________________________: all the places
on the planet where life exists
