The Fourth Olympiad

BEING

THE OFFICIAL REPORT

The Olympic Games of 1908

CELEBRATED IN LONDON Under the Patronage of

His Most Gracious Majesty King Edward VII

AND BY THE SANCTION OF

The International Olympic Committee

Drawn up by THEODORE ANDREA COOK
AND ISSUED UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF

THE BRITISH OLYMPIC

COUNCIL

Together with the Full Code of Rules in each Sport Complete Lists of all Competitors and Results and over one hundred illustrations.
PUBLISHED BY THE BRITISH OLYMPIC ASSOCIATION, 108 VICTORIA STREET, LONDON, S.W.

PRINTED BY SPOTTISWOODE & CO. LTD., NEW-STREET SQUARE, E.C. PHOTOGRAPHS BY BOWDEN BROS., 45 ESSEX STREET, STRAND, W.C.

PREFACE.
THE following pages contain the Official Report of the Olympic Games of
1908, authorised by the British Olympic Council. Every member of the Council responsible for a section of these Games has corrected the facts concerning that section in the fourth chapter. For any errors in other chapters the compiler of the Report accepts responsibility. I desire to acknowledge my great indebtedness for assistance received in many other ways, and from very various sources, more particularly the following : The Sporting Life, which published a separate account of the Games that has been of great interest and value, besides many articles on the Amateur Question and kindred subjects in its own columns ; The Sportsman ; The Daily Mail ; The Daily Telegraph ; The Field, which published several accounts and diagrams that have been used in this work ; the National Review ; the official organ of the Lawn Tennis Association; the Revue Olympique, and many other newspapers, magazines, and journals. Their editors will, I trust, be good enough to accept this general expression of gratitude for useful details, too numerous and scattered to be separately acknowledged. To Messrs. Bowden Bros. the official photographers of the Games, the Council is especially indebted for the excellent series of photographs illustrating these pages, which were nearly all taken by the same photographer who represented them in the Athenian Games of 1906. A few others have been added, which were most kindly sent to me from private sources. A glance at the Table of Contents will enable the reader to dispense with any unnecessary explanations here, for he will see that this volume is the first, so far as I am aware, which has ever contained an official report of the performances of some twenty different nationalities in twenty divisions of sport and more than a hundred separate athletic events, together with the code of rules under which each of these events was contested. Owing, in part, to the early publication of this code, there is no doubt that the attention of the world at large was far more concentrated on the Games of 1908 than had been the case at any previous celebration ; for in every civilised country Committees were formed beforehand, preliminary competitions were held, and every care was taken to select the
A 2

4 best available national representatives. In the number of the nations represented, in the total of the competitors, and in the excellence of the performances throughout, the events recorded in this volume stand out as composing by far the greatest international athletic gathering ever held The Games of 1908 constituted the fourth celebration since the Olympic Games were first revived at Athens in 1896, and it may therefore be taken as a symbol of the progress made during only twelve years in the ideals originated by Baron Pierre de Coubertin and developed by the International Olympic Committee, of which he is President. In forwarding those ideals England has now borne her most direct share, and no similar opportunity is likely to occur during the lifetime of those whose privilege it was to organise the Games of 1908 in this country. But there remains the work of supporting the general Olympic movement in the future, of sending out representative British teams to other Games, and of forming a central link of communication between the great associations governing sport in this country and the controlling bodies of sport in the rest of the world. This work is being carried on by the British Olympic Association, of 108 Victoria Street, Westminster, and it is able to do so with every promise of adequate success, because of the generous response of the public in all parts of the United Kingdom to the appeal for subscriptions to the Games of 1908. To that public, therefore, my last word of thanks is hereby most heartily accorded. The chapters which follow have furnished me with the most appropriate vehicle for its expression. Such a record of the events of the past year was due, not merely to the athletes who contributed directly to its success, not merely to the visitors from so many foreign nations who honoured us with their presence, but also to the spectators in the Stadium and elsewhere in this country and to the innumerable supporters of the British Olympic Council in their arduous task of organising the meeting in a manner worthy both of our own traditions and of the history of these Games. May 1909.

T. A. C.

THE RIGHT HON. LORD DESBOROUGH OF TAPLOW. British President of the British Olympic Council, 1908, and Representative on the International Olympic Committee.

REV. R. S. DE COURCY LAFFAN. Hon. Secretary of the British Olympic Council, 1908, and British Representative on the International Olympic Committee

TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE

PREFACE CONTENTS LIST

OF OF

CHAPTERS

ILLUSTRATIONS

THE INTERNATIONAL OLYMPIC COMMITTEE THE COUNCIL THE COMIT A FOREWORD

OF THE

BRITISH OLYMPIC ASSOCIATION, 1908 OLYMPIC GAMES

OF

D'HONNEUR FOR THE

1908

IN

LONDON

AS TO

ORIGINS:

Baron Pierre de Coubertin at the Sorbonne in 1892 The International Congress of 1894The Revival of the Olympic Games decidedThe Games of 1896 in Athens The Invitation to hold the Games of 1908 in England CHAPTER I. PREPARATIONS :

Lord Desboroughs letter of November 27, 1906The Agreement with the Franco-British ExhibitionThe Building of the Stadium Meeting of the International Olympic Committee at The Hague in May, 1907 C H APTER II . GENERAL REGULATIONS FOR THE OLYMPIC GAMES OF 1908 IN LONDON CHAPTER III. PROGRAMME AND PRIZES OF THE OLYMPIC GAMES OF 1908 IN LONDON CHAPTER IV. THE OLYMPIC GAMES OF 1908 :

Opening of the Franco-British Exhibition by H.R.H. the Prince of Wales Visit of H.M. the King, with the President of the French Republic, to the Stadium Opening of the Olympic Games by H.M. the King on July 13, 1908Procession of Athletes

6 DETAILS OF THE COMPETITIONS :

Archery Athletics Boxing Cycling Fencing Football Gymnastics Hockey Lacrosse Lawn Tennis Motor Boats Polo Racquets Rowing Shooting Skating Swimming Tennis (Jeu de Paume) Wrestling Yachting C HAPTER V. THE PRIZE-LIST :
PAGE

Full List of Prize MedalsWinners of Three Gold MedalsWinners of Two Gold MedalsAnalysis of National Successes (I) in Athletics ; (2) In Archery, Cycling, Fencing, Gymnastics, Swimming, and Wrestling ; (3) in Lawn Tennis, Polo, Racquets, Shooting, and Tennis (Jeu de Paume) ; (4) in Motor Boats, Rowing, and Yachting ; (5) in Boxing, Football, Hockey, Lacrosse, and SkatingThe Final Balance-sheet of Victories
C HAPTER

VI.

THE DISTRIBUTION OF GOLD MEDALS BY HER

MAJESTY THE QUEEN

C HAPTER

VII.

NOTES ON ORGANISATION :

A few Figures The Code of RulesJudging and International Juries The Date of EntriesCabled EntriesThe Drawing of Heats Equality of Olympic Representative AthletesThe Daily ProgrammeThe Relative Value of various Divisions of the Games and different Events in themIdeals of an Olympic ProgrammeLawn Tennis, Golf, Rugby Football, Racquets, Tennis (Jeu de Paume), and Covered Court Lawn TennisSculpture, Painting, Poetry, and Music An Olympic Code of Rules for International SportLetters received from Official Representatives of Foreign Nations

7
C HAPTER VIII.

FINANCE AND ENTERTAINMENT :

PAGE

Various Methods of financing an Olympic MeetingThe Franco-British ExhibitionSome Dangers of a Dual ControlDifficulties of OrganisationThe SpectatorsUnauthorised Persons in the ArenaThree hundred thousand Visitors The Expenses of the MeetingEquipment, Insurance, Grants to Governing Bodies of Sport, Prizes, Administrative Account, Entertainments The Balance SheetDifficulties in organising various Entertainments The Grafton Galleries ReceptionThe Mansion House Reception Banquets at the Holborn Restaurant Banquet given by His Majestys GovernmentOther Dinners and Entertainments in London Dinners of the Governing Associations The Work done by the Polytechnic Festivities at HenleyService in St. Paul'sAutumn Entertainments The British Olympic Association, and its Work in the Future IX. THE CODE OF RULES FOR THE OLYMPIC GAMES OF 1908: Archery Athletics Boxing Cycling Fencing Football Golf Gymnastics Hockey Lacrosse Lawn Tennis Motor Boats Polo Rowing Shooting Clay Bird Shooting Skating Swimming, Diving, and Water Polo Tennis and Rackets Wrestling Yacht Racing APPENDIX : A. Details of the Daily Programme in the Stadium, with a List of the Officials for each event B. Totals of Entries from each Country C. Full List of Names of all who entered for the Summer Games D. Full List of Names of all who entered for the Autumn Games E. Some Amateur Definitions F. Speeches at the Olympic Banquets

C HAPTER

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
FACING PAGE

THE RIGHT HON. LORD DESBOROUGH OF TAPLOW, President of the British Olympic Council, 1908 THE REV. R. S. DE COURCY LAFFAN, Hon. Sec. of the British Olympic Council, 1908 THE STADIUM ON JULY 24, 1908 PLAN OF THE STADIUM REVERSE OF THE OLYMPIC PRIZE MEDAL FOR THE GAMES OF 1908 OBVERSE OF THE OLYMPIC PRIZE MEDAL, (PERMANENT DESIGN) OBVERSE OF THE OLYMPIC COMMEMORATION MEDAL (PERMANENT DESIGN) REVERSE OF THE OLYMPIC COMMEMORATION MEDAL FOR THE GAMES OF 1908 PRIZE DIPLOMA DIPLOMA OF MERIT KING EDWARD VII. OPENING THE OLYMPIC GAMES, JULY 13, 1908 REPRESENTATIVES OF THE UNITED KINGDOM IN THE PARADE OF ATHLETES ON JULY 13, 1908 NORWEGIAN AND SWEDISH TEAMS IN THE PARADE OF ATHLETES ON JULY 13, 1908 ATHLETICS R. KERR (CANADA) WINNING THE 200 METRES START FOR THE 1,500 METRES FINAL M. W. SHEPPARD (U.S.A) WINNING THE 1,500 METRES F. C. SMITHSON (U.S.A.) WINNER OF THE 110 METRES HURDLES IN 15 SECONDS C. J. BACON (WINNER) AND R. L. HILLMAN (BOTH U.S.A.) IN THE 400 METRES HURDLES THE WATER JUMP IN THE STEEPLECHASE E. R. VOIGT (U.K.) WINNER OF THE FIVE MILES START OF THE 3,500 METRES WALKING RACE THE MARATHON RACE. H.R.H. THE PRINCESS OF WALES AT THE START AT WINDSOR No. 19 (DORANDO) COMING THROUGH THE MARATHON RACE. WILLESDEN THE MARATHON RACE. No. 26 (HAYES, U.S.A., THE WINNER) AT WILLESDEN

9
ATHLETICS (continued)
FACING PAGE

T H E M A R A T H O N R A C E . N o . 8 (C. H E F F E R O N , O F S O U T H A F R I C A , WHO WON S ECOND P RIZE ) C OMING THROUGH R UISLIP

R. C. E WRY (U.S.A.) WINNING F. C. I RONS (U.S.A.) WINNING A. C. G ILBERT (U.S.A.) T IED

F LANAGAN S H AMMER (U.S.A.) R ALPH R OSE (U.S.A.) PUTTING

THE THE

STANDING HIGH JUMP R UNNING B ROAD JUMP

FOR

F IRST P LACE WEIGHT

IN

THE

P OLE J UMP

THE OF

T HE UNITED K INGDOM T EAM (CITY THE TUG OF WAR

L ONDON POLICE), WINNERS

IN

W ILSON , R OBERTSON , D EAKIN , AND C OALES ( ALL U.K.) W INNING F IRST H EAT OF THE 3- MILE T EAM R ACE M ARTIN S HERIDAN (U.S.A.), W INNER A RCHERY T ARGETS
IN THE OF THE

THE

D ISCUS (G REEK S TYLE )

R AIN
OF THE

M ISS Q. N EWALL (U.K.), WINNER W. DOD (U.K.), WINNER B OXING

OF THE

N ATIONAL R OUND

YORK R OUND

A. L. OLDMAN (U.K.), WINNER

OF

THE

HEAVY WEIGHTS
OF THE

J. W. H. T. D OUGLAS (U.K.), WINNER

CYCLING S TART F INISH
OF OF THE THE OF

M IDDLE WEIGHTS

100 K ILOMETRES 100 K ILOMETRES .

THE

WON

BY

C. H. BARTLETT (U.K.)
OF THE

T HE F INAL S CHILLES FENCING A LIBERT

20 K ILOMETRES T ANDEM R ACE

AND

A UFFRAY (F RANCE ), W INNERS

(F RANCE ), W INNER

OF OF

THE THE

I NDIVIDUAL E PE S ABRE - TEAM C OMPETITION

OF THE

T HE H UNGARIANS , W INNERS

F OOTBALL T HE U NITED K INGDOM E LEVEN , W INNERS CHALLENGE TROPHY G YMNASTICS F RANCE D ISPLAY D ISPLAY HOCKEY
IN THE BY

A SSOCIATION S

T EAM C OMPETITION D ANISH L ADIES D ANISH L ADIES P OLYTECHNIC L ADIES

E XERCISES
BY

THE

THE THE

BY

F RANCE v. E NGLAND . T HE E NGLISH C APTAIN R UNS D OWN G ERMANY v. S COTLAND . T HE SCOTCH SCORE
A

THE

F IELD

GOAL

10
LACROSSE CANADA v. THE UNITED KINGDOM. THE BALL, THE CANADIAN WINNERS CHEERING LAWN TENNIS (GRASS) R. F. DOHERTY AND G. W. HILLYARD (U.K.) WIN THE DOUBLES AGAINST M. J. G. RITCHIE AND J. C. PARKE (U.K.) O. FROITZHEIM (GERMANY), SILVER MEDAL
IN THE
FACING PAGE

THE CANADIAN CAPTAIN

THE

GETS

UNITED K I N G D O M

SINGLES

MRS. LAMBERT CHAMBERS (U.K.) WINS THE GOLD MEDAL, (LADIES' SINGLES) v. MISS D. BOOTHBY (U.K.) MOTOR BOATS W OLSELEY -S IDDELEY (STEERED BY THE DUKE OF WESTMINISTER) v. (D YLAN (STEERED BY LORD HOWARD DE WALDEN) W OLSELEY -S IDDELEY
IN

HEAVY WEATHER

POLOTHE WINNING TEA M (ROEHAMPTON, U.K.) : C. MILLER, P. W. NICKALLS, G. MILLER, H. WILSON ROWING THE FINISH
OF THE

OLYMPIC COURSE
THE

AT

HEN LEY MCCULLOCH

AT

BLACKSTAFFE WINS LEANDER (ON

THE

SCULLS
V.

AGAINST

HENLEY
AT

OUTSIDE)

HUNGARY OLYMPIC PRIZE-GIVING HENLEY

LORD DESBOROUGH'S SPEECH SHOOTING C. J. RUNDBERG (SWEDEN), SIGHTERS) AT 500 YARDS MAURICE BLOOD (U.K.)

AT THE

WHO

MADE 17 BULLS (INCLUDING TWO

T HE AMERICAN T EAM ( WITH GENERAL D RAIN), W INNERS TEAM COMPETITION THE REVOLVER
AND

OF THE

PISTOL COMPETITION
AT THE I)

AT

BISLEY
IN THE

THE UNITED KINGDOM TEAM TEAM COMPETITION

1,000 YARDS RANGE

IN THE

T HE UNITED K INGDOM T EAM (No. COMPETITION SKATING MR.

AND

CLAY-PIGEON T EAM

MRS. SYERS (U.K.)

AND

SALCHOW (SWEDEN) HERR BURGER PANIN (RUSSIA) FRULEIN HBLER

(GERMANY)

11
SWIMMING START
OF THE
FACING PAGE

200 M ETRES BREAST -STROKE FINAL

WATER POLO FINAL. BELGIUM v. UNITED KINGDOM T HE UNITED K INGDOM W ATER POLO T EAM, W INNERS SPANDBERG (SWEDEN) WR E S T L I N G Y. SAARELA (FINLAND) v. W. WECKMAN (FINLAND) R OMAN L IGHT H EAVY W EIGHTS RELWYSKOW (U.K.) v. BACON (U.K.) M IDDLE W EIGHTS Y ACHTING T HE COMMITTEE ON BOARD THE STEAM YACHT OF THE C LYDE C ORINTHIAN Y.C. , T HE CREW OF THE W INNING "COBWEB RYDE HERA AND MOUCHETTE ON THE CLYDE THE COBWEB WINNING AT RYDE T HE D UCHESS OF W ESTMINSTER D ISTRIBUTING MERIT, JULY 25, 1908
THE OF THE IN THE IN THE IN THE

HIGH DIVE TEAM RACE GRCO

TAYLOR (U.K.) WINNER

OF THE

CATCH-AS-CATCH-CAN

COMMODORE

D IPLOMAS

OF

SPECIAL

LIEUTENANT HALSWELLE (U.K.) RECEIVING HIS GOLD MEDAL FROM QUEEN ALEXANDRA, WITH D IPLOMAS AND O AK- LEAVES , FOR THE 400 M ETRES , JULY 25, 1904 T HE CHALLENGE CUPS PRESENTED GAMES THE NORTH END
OF THE IN

1908

FOR

RACES

IN THE

O LYMPIC

STADIUM, JULY 24, 1908

WITH A

QUEEN ALEXANDRA PRESENTS DORANDO AFTER WALKER'S VICTORY KERR

OF IN THE AFTER

GOLD CUP, JULY 25, 1908 200 METRES FLAT

100 METRES FLAT WINNING

THE FOR THE

CANADA CHEERED

T. S. BATTERSBY (U.K.)

IN THE

RACE

1,500 METRES SWIMMING

G. C. OKELLY (U.K.), WINNER B. JONES (U.K.), WINNER

OF THE

CATCH-AS-CATCH-CAN HEAVY WEIGHTS 2o KILOMETRES CYCLING

OF THE

5,000 METRES CYCLING

OF THE

C. B. KINGSBURY (U.K.), WINNER A. RUSSELL (U.K.) WINNING THE WINNING TEAM

IN THE THE

3,200 METRES STEEPLECHASE FEATHER WEIGHT BOXING

OF

CLAY BIRD SHOOTING THE 1,000 YARDS RIFLE SHOOTING RACQUETS D OUBLES JAVELIN

R. GUNN (U.K.), WINNER

OF THE

LIEUT. -COL. MILNER (U.K.), WINNER VANE PENNELL (U.K.), W INNER DESIGN
BY OF

THE

E. V. LEMMING (SWEDEN), WINNER A. S. COPE, A.R.A.,

OF THE

OF THE

FOR THE

FOIL-DISPLAY PROGRAMME

OFFICIAL MAP PLAN

AND

MARATHON RACE-COURSE FENCING GROUND

HEFFERON'S PRIZE-TICKET SECTION

IN THE OF THE

BADGES USED

OLYMPIC GAMES

T HE I NTERNATIONAL F ENCING C HALLENGE CUP

12

INTERNATIONAL OLYMPIC COMMITTEE.

President : M. LE B ARON P IERRE
DE

C OUBERTIN .

ARGENTINE AUSTRALIA AUSTRIA BELGIUM BOHEMIA BULGARIA CANADA DENMARK FINLAND FRANCE

M ANUEL DE LA Q UINTANA. R. COOMBES. LE PRINCE ALEXANDRE DE SOLMS BRAUNFELS. LE COMTE H. DE BAILLET-LATOUR. LE DR. JIRI GUTH. Son Exc. E. N. TZOKOW. LE CAPITAINE G RUT . LE BARON REINHOLD VON WILLEBRAND. M. HEBRARD DE VILLENEUVE. LE COMTE ALBERT DE BERTIER DE SAUVIGNY. M. E. CALLOT. LE GENERAL COMTE VON DER ASSEBURG.* LE COMTE C. WARTENSLEBEN. LE DR. W. GEBHARDT. LE COMTE ALEX. MERCATI. LE BARON F. DE TUYLL. LE COMTE GEZA ANDRASSY. LE COMTE BRUNETTA DUSSEAUX. LE PRINCE SCIPION BORGHESE. MIGUEL DE BEISTEGUI. LE CAPITAINE J. SVERRE. SENOR DON CARLOS F. DE CANDAMO. LE DR. DE LANCASTRE. LE COMTE DE RIBEAUPIERRE. LE PRINCE SIMON TROUBETZKOY. LE COMTE DE MEJORADA DEL CAMPO. MARQUIS DE VILLAMEJOR. LE COLONEL BALCK. LE COMTE CLARENCE VON ROSEN. LE BARON GODEFROY DE BLONAY. LORD DESBOROUGH. REV. R. S. DE COURCY LAFFAN PROFESSOR W. M. SLOANE.
L E C OMTE BRUNETTA
D USSEAUX.

GERMANY

GREECE HOLLAND HUNGARY ITALY MEXICO NORWAY PERU PORTUGAL RUSSIA SOUTH AFRICA SPAIN SWEDEN SWITZERLAND TURKEY UNITED KINGDOM UNITED STATES
Sec. Gen. :

* Recently deceased. The late Sir Howard Vincent was also a member for the United Kingdom. He took the Chair at the last days meeting of The Hague Conference in 1906, and served on the British Olympic Council throughout its deliberations in 1907.

THE STADIUM ON JULY

24, 1908.

E NTRANCE G ATES

FROM

F RANCO -B RITISH E XHIBITION

PLAN OF THE STADIUM.

13

COUNCIL OF THE BRITISH OLYMPIC ASSOCIATION, 1908.

Chairman : Rt. Hon. LORD DESBOROUGH of Taplow, K.C.V.O., Ex-President, Oxford University Boat Club ; Ex-President, Oxford University Athletic Club ; Member of the International Olympic Committee. Rt. Hon. LORD MONTAGU of Beaulieu, Automobile Club. Maj. -Gen. Rt. Hon. LORD CHEYLESMORE, C.V.O., Chairman of Council, National Rifle Association. Sir LEES KNOWLES, Bart., Ex-President, Cambridge University Athletic Club. F. P. ARMSTRONG, Esq., Chairman, Motor Yacht Club. H. BENJAMIN, Esq., Ex-President, Amateur Swimming Association. E. A. BIEDERMANN, Esq., Hon. Sec., Tennis and Racquets Association. J. BLAIR, Esq., Scottish Cyclists Union. T. W. J. BRITTEN, Esq., Hon. Treas., National Cyclists Union. MICHAEL J. BULGER, Esq., M.D., Irish Amateur Athletic Association, GUY M. CAMPBELL, Esq., F.R.G.S. THEODORE A. COOK, Esq., F.S.A., Amateur Fencing Association. Lt. -Col. C. R. CROSSE, Sec., National Rifle Association. J. H. DOUGLAS, Esq., President, Amateur Boxing Association. D. S. DUNCAN, Esq., Hon. Sec., Scottish Amateur Athletic Association. W. HAYES FISHER, Esq., President, National Skating Association. P. L. FISHER, Esq., Hon. Sec., Amateur Athletic Association. Major F. EGERTON GREEN, Hurlingham Club. R. G. GRIDLEY, Esq., Hon. Sec., Amateur Rowing Association. F. B. O. HAWES, Esq., Hon. Sec., Lacrosse Union. W. HENRY, Esq., Hon. Sec., Royal Life Saving Society. G. ROWLAND HILL, Esq., Past President, Rugby Football Union. Capt. A. HUTTON, F.S.A., President, Amateur Fencing Association. W. J. LEIGHTON, Esq., M. B., Vice-President, Irish Amateur Swimming Association. E. LAWRENCE LEVY, Esq., Hon. Sec., Amateur Gymnastic Association. G. R. MEWBURN, Esq., Hon. Sec., Lawn Tennis Association. Col. G. M. ONSLOW, National Physical Recreation Society. E. J. OREILLY, Esq., Irish Cyclists Association. W. RYDER RICHARDSON, Esq., Hon. Sec., Amateur Golf Championship Committee. G. S. ROBERTSON, Esq., British Representative Juror at Olympic Games of Athens, 1906. C. NEWTON ROBINSON, Esq., Yacht Racing Association. B. HECKSTALL SMITH, Esq., Sec., Yacht Racing Association. A. E. STODDART, Esq., Sec., Queens Club. E. H. STONE, Esq., Sec., The Clay Bird Shooting Association. A. H. SUTHERLAND, Esq., Chairman, Amateur Wrestling Association. E. SYERS, Esq., Hon. Sec., Figure Skating Club. H. M. TENNENT, Esq., Hon. Sec., Hockey Association. F. J. WALL, Esq., F.C.I.S., Sec., Football Association. Col. H. WALROND, Hon. Sec., Royal Toxophilite Society.
Honorary Secretary : Rev. R. S. DE COURCY LAFFAN, Member of International Olympic Committee, 108 Victoria Street, Westminster, London, S. W. Assistant Secretary : Captain F. W HITWOR T H JONES .

14

COMIT DHONNEUR FOR THE OLYMPIC GAMES OF 1908 IN LONDON.

Country. AUSTRALIA AUSTRIA BELGIUM Name. DR. W. CAMAC WILKSON. WM. HILL. CHAS. CAMPBELL. DR. GUSTAV MAGG. H. ROBERT DEUTSCH. FELIX GRAF. BARON DE LAVELEYE. O. GREGOIRE. A. FEYERICK. F. VAN DEN CARPUT. COUNT DR. FRANKISCH VON LTZOW. DR. KAREL GROS. CAPT. A. WENTWORTH FORBES. T. L. RSSLER OROVSKY. LESLIE BOYD. WM. STARK. J. H. CROCKER. EMMANUEL TASS. CAPT. FRITZ HANSEN. IVAR NYHOLM. CAPT. H. H. BONDO. COL. S. O. MEYER. AXEL FREDRIK LONDEN. GOSTA WASENIUS. FREDERIK HACKMAN. D. MRILLON. GENERAL BRUGRE. D. CHARCOT. GEN. COUNT VON DER ASSEBURG. DR. P. MARTIN. P. JOSEPH MLLER. SPYRIDION LAMBROS . . MILTIADES NEGROPONTES ANASTASE M ETAXAS . F. CREMER. J. P. CROMMELIN. F. H. VAN DER ROYEN. J ULES DE MUZSA. DSIR LAUBER. ALFRED BRLL. . MARQUIS COMPANS DE BRICHANTEAU . MARQUIS CHAS. COLLOBRINI . PRINCE SCIPIO BORGHESE CAPTAIN GRTTUM. A. FRISCH. CAPT. BENTZEN. . COUNT DE RIBEAUPIERRE NICOLAS DE BABINE. CHAS. DE PETION. SIDNEY FARRER. C. IMROTH. E. C. REYNOLDS. J. P. TAYLOR. J. S. EDSTRM. D. F. BURMAN. FRED. LWENADLER. WALTHER DE BONSTETTEN. MARCEL GUINAND. MAXIME DE STOUTZ. J. E. S ULLIVAN. BARTOW S. WEEKS. GUSTAVUS T. KIRBY. GEN. J. A. DRAIN.

BOHEMIA

CANADA

DENMARK

FINLAND FRANCE GERMANY GREECE HOLLAND HUNGARY ITALY NORWAY RUSSIA SOUTH AFRICA

SWEDEN SWITZERLAND UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

15

A FOREWORD AS TO ORIGINS.
SINCE the Olympic Games of 1908 in London were held by the sanction of the International Olympic Committee, it will be appropriate to begin this Report by a brief sketch of the origin of this Committee and of the development by its President, Baron Pierre de Coubertin, of that revival of the Olympic Games of ancient Hellas which has seen its latest manifestation in this country. For the past twenty-one years Baron de Coubertin has been deeply interested in the problems of national education, both in its widest sense and in its most patriotic application.* His admiration had been early aroused by the system of public school life of which Arnold of Rugby was our first great exemplar. He visited Rugby School, and he travelled also to Much Wenlock, in Shropshire, where he foregathered with an ardent sympathiser with his ideals, the late Dr. W. P. Brookes. He was not without honour even in his own country, for his earliest prophecies were welcomed by such men as Count Jacques de Pourtals and Dr. Jean Charcot, by M. Hbrard de Villeneuve and M. Paschal Grousset (Philippe Daryl), who warmly urged the renaissance of that royal ball-game which the whole of Europe owes to France, court tennis, or the Jeu de Paume, a game inextricably interwoven with some of the most dramatic moments of French history. He took a large part also from the year 1891 in persuading French crews to attend Henley Regatta, and the fact that M. Waddington, then French Ambassador at the Court of St. Jamess, was an old Cambridge Blue no doubt assisted the negotiations on both sides of the Channel which closed in the agreement signed by S. Le Blanc Smith for the Amateur Rowing Association and by Pierre de Coubertin for the Union des Socits Franaises de Sports Athltiques. Soon afterwards a member of the Cercle de lAviron in Paris won a heat of the Diamond Sculls, and a French crew beat an eight from the London Rowing Club on the Seine at Andrsy. In July, 1893, French crews were competing at Henley Regatta. * Les Batailles de lEducation Physique. Une Campagne de Vingt-et-un Ans (1887-1908). Par Pierre de Coubertin. Paris, 1909.

16 But Baron de Coubertin soon realised that to give sport a really national popularity in France he would be obliged to give it a thoroughly international aspect, and to induce his own countrymen to improve their methods by bringing them into contact with the athletes of other nations which had practised sport for a much longer period. By that very realisation he was brought face to face with the first system in the worlds history which had solved the same problem by similar methodsthe system of the Olympic Games of Ancient Hellas. He was yet more attractedat first, perhaps, unconsciouslyto the same order of ideas by the passionate interest evoked in his mind by the ruins of Olympia in Elis. He saw in them the traces of a vast manufactory of virile forces trained by the Greek nation for the highest purposes of national endeavour. Germany had dug them from the dust of ages and exhumed the material relics of classical antiquity. It remained for France to give them life, to revive their splendours in a form at once the most permanent and the most picturesque, by adapting the best of their traditions to the needs of modern civilisation in a Renaissance of the Olympic Games. The first public utterance of the idea that had just germinated in his heart and mind was made on November 25, 1892, at a meeting of the Union des Sports Athltiques in the Sorbonne.
Let us export, said M. de Coubertin, our oarsmen, our runners, our fencers into other lands. That is the true Free Trade of the future ; and the day it is introduced into Europe the cause of Peace will have received a new and strong ally. It inspires me to touch upon the further step I now propose, and in it I shall ask that the help you have given me hitherto you will extend again, so that together we may attempt to realise, upon a basis suitable to the conditions of our modern life, the splendid and beneficent task of reviving the Olympic Games.

The arrow had been shot into the air. For some time no result seemed likely to follow. In 1894, however, an International Congress was organised in Paris to discuss and disseminate the true principles of amateur sport, and in its preparation three gentlemen were chiefly concerned : C. Herbert, Secretary of our own Amateur Athletic Association, Professor Sloane, of Princeton, U.S.A., and Baron de Coubertin. Need I add that the eighth subject mentioned in the agenda paper referred to the possibility of reviving the Olympic Games? On January 15, 1894, M. de Coubertin sent round a circular to all the athletic associations containing the following sentences :
Before all things it is necessary that we should preserve in sport those characteristics of nobility and chivalry which have distinguished it in the past, so that it may continue to play the same part in the education of the peoples of to-day as it played so admirably in the days of Ancient Greece. Imperfect humanity has ever tended to transform the Olympic athlete into the paid

17
gladiator. But the two things are incompatible. We must choose between one formula and the other. . . . Reform is necessary, and must be discussed before we undertake it. There are compromises and there are contradictions in the amateur regulations of the present day which it will be the business of this Congress to consider. And the last subject on the agenda paper is the request that you will sanction, if not the realisation, at any rate the preparation of an international agreement that will revive the Olympic Games under modern conditions, so that every four years the athletic representatives of the world may be brought together and that the spirit of international comity may be advanced by the celebration of their chivalrous and peaceful contests.

Sir John Astley welcomed, at a dinner at the Sports Club, the prophet of the new era, in February of the same year. The Prince of Wales and the Rt. Hon. Arthur Balfour signified their approval. A visit to America had made sure, if not of active support, at least of benevolent neutrality. Sweden was the first country, through her enthusiastic protagonist, Colonel Victor Balck, to promise full support and to claim for Stockholm the honour of the first revival of the Games. The Crown Prince accepted the offer of honorary membership of the Congress to be held in June. Lieutenant Bergh and Lieutenant Drakenberg were appointed representatives of Sweden. The Duke of Sparta and the King of the Belgians gave their adhesion too. In France the Duc dAumale, the Baron de Courcel, and others were ready with sympathy or practical assistance. The Congress was opened in June, 1894, in the amphitheatre of the Sorbonne by the performance of the Hymn to Apollo just discovered in the ruins of Delphi, and transcribed for the purpose by Thodore Reinach and Gabriel Faur. Among the delegates present, besides those already mentioned, were Mr. Todd, for our National Cyclists Union, M. Bikelas, of the Pan-hellenic Gymnastic Society, and M. Michel Bral, who offered a cup for the Marathon Race that was to be the first of so many historic races afterwards. By its unanimous vote the Congress decided upon the revival of the Olympic Games and the institution of the International Olympic Committee. But one step remained: the choice of the first city in which the new series should begin its celebration. M. de Coubertin proposed Athens. M. Bikelas warmly welcomed the suggestion. Both turned to the task of organising the First Olympiad in the next two years, for it was agreed to fix the date for 1896. Encouraged by the welcome given to their projects by the King of Greece and the Duke of Sparta, M. Bikelas and M. de Coubertin went to Athens in the autumn of 1894, and immediately realised that in the legacy left to the State by the Brothers Zappas they would find a nucleus for the organisation they desired. This legacy provided for the erection of a building called the Zappeion, in which physical exercises were to take place from time to time, the expenses being paid from the trust fund left in charge
B

18 of a committee. Evidently this Committee offered possibilities. Some difficulty was at first created by the antipathetic attitude of the Prime Minister ; but eventually M. de Coubertins persistence triumphed. Public interest was aroused. M. Antonopoulo ardently supported the movement. M. Alexandre Mercati, who afterwards became Secretary of the Organising Committee, was a warm ally. Eventually the Prime Minister authorised the Committee of the Zappeion to lend its aid in the necessary organisation ; and the Duke of Sparta reconstituted the Committee with that object. appointing his brothers. Prince George and Prince Nicholas, presidents of two sub-committees. In the public subscription that followed, M. Averoff, of Alexandria, eclipsed all precedents by promising a million drachmas for the rebuilding of the ancient Stadium. It is not the province of this record to say more of the games of 1896 in Athens, of 1900 in Paris, or of 1904 in St. Louis, except to point out that they were the regular and official developments in the chain which led to the Games of 1908 in London, and will now be carried on to those of 1912. After the first games in Athens were over, M. de Coubertin, as President of the International Olympic Committee, had a long interview with the Crown Prince of Greece. The suggestion had been made that all the Games in future should be held in the magnificent Stadium of white marble built by the generosity of M. Averoff upon the ancient site. But there were difficulties in the way of this, which intimately concerned the wider international developments of the scheme as supported by the International Olympic Committee, M. de Coubertin therefore suggested* that a fresh series of Games, taking place at regular intervals between those of the original and official series, should be arranged every four years in Athens, He found that the same idea had occurred to the Crown Prince. It commended itself to everyone. The Athenian Games of 1906, which will be repeated in 1910, were its subsequent result ; and in the initiation and development of the London meeting two years later that most successful festival in Athens bore a large part; for in the English fencing-team which was present in Athens for the Tournament Lord Desborough was a distinguished member, and he was also the First British Representative appointed by His Majestys Government for the Games in Athens. King Edward VII. with Queen Alexandra and the Prince and Princess of Wales were also in Athens on the same auspicious occasion. It was therefore with every prospect of success that the suggestion was made that the Games of 1908 should be celebrated in England.
* See Une Campagne de Vingt-et-un Ans., p. 128.

19 Lord Desborough was able to carry out that suggestion, not only because of the personal influence he possessed, but also because the Central Organisation from which the management of these games might be created had already come into existence in this country. In 1904 the International Olympic Committee held its Congress in London, for which preparations were made by the late Sir Howard Vincent and the Rev. R. S. de Courcy Laffan. The King granted his gracious patronage, and the Prince of Wales received the members in Marlborough House. The sittings of Congress took place in the Mansion House, where the Lord Mayor gave a state luncheon in honour of the occasion. Among other arrangements then discussed was the proposal to hold the games of 1908 in Rome. But the most important result of the Congress, as far as concerns the immediate subject of this report, was the foundation of the British Olympic Association at a meeting held in the House of Commons in May, 1905, when Mr. W. H. Grenfell, M.P., now Lord Desborough, was elected chairman. The Association was represented at the Brussels Conference on Physical Education, held in June 1905, at the Conference held in the Comdie Franaise in Paris in May 1906, and it was instrumental in raising funds for assisting English competitors to attend the Athenian Games of 1906. It was therefore with a certain amount of material to work upon that Lord Desborough returned from Athens in 1906 with the proposal that in the next two years this country should organise an International Athletic Meeting, for which Paris and St. Louis had not found four years too long a period. Rut what Athens had accomplished in 1896, when in two years she gave the world the first revival of the Olympic games upon her classic soil, London in her turn determined to attempt. I cannot do better than leave Lord Desborough himself to describe the position in the words he published, during the summer of 1908 in the National Review. They are as follows :
The Olympic Games of 1908 had been fixed to take place at Rome, but some unexpected difficulties prevented the Italian Committee from carrying out their intention, and at the celebration of the Athenian Olympic Games in 1906 (a festival of a separate cycle organised by Greece to take place in their magnificent stadium) a meeting of the International Committee was held, and I was asked whether I thought it possible for the games to be held in London in 1908 instead of at Rome. An organisation already existed in the British Olympic Association which had been formed, with others representing each of the countries acting together, under Baron de Coubertins scheme, and upon my return to England I addressed a letter to the great athletic and sporting associations in England, asking whether they would approve of holding the games in England and give their assistance. The answers received being entirely favourable, the British Olympic Council was formed by the election of delegates accredited by each of these great organisations, and it was decided
B2

20 to accept the invitation given at Athens by the International Olympic Committee to hold the Olympic Games of 1908 in this country. The undertaking, in any case arduous, was made more difficult by the shortness of the time at our disposal. Less than two years is a brief space in which to organise an international meeting for which, in view of the correspondence necessary with foreign countries, the ordinary period of four years has been found none too long. But we were extremely fortunate in having for our honorary secretary the Rev. R. S. de Courcy Laffan, a friend of Baron Pierre de Coubertin, whose energy and enthusiasm he shares. Whatever success attended our undertaking must be largely due to that gentleman, and to the loyal help accorded to US by the delegates of the various sporting and athletic associations composing our Council. The work has been enormous, as will be realised when it is stated that there are more than twenty separate competitions, and that for each of these separate books of rules have been drawn up, translated into French and German, and circulated in each of the competing countries. The organisation of the games themselves, the definition of the amateur qualification, the framing of the programme, the fixing of the number of competitors for each event, were all matters which have involved great thought and labour. The definition of the word country also presented questions of no small difficulty. It was impossible to ignore the Olympic Games which had gone before, and the territories which had been given separate representation on the International Olympic Committee. The definition of the word country, therefore, in the general regulations governing the Olympic Games, is that a country is any territory having separate representation on the International Olympic Committee ; or where no such representation exists, any territory under one and the same sovereign jurisdiction. In Regulation 20, also, it is stated that Where two or more countries form part of the same sovereign state, a natural-born or fully-naturalised subject or citizen of that sovereign state may represent as competitor in the Olympic Games, either the country in which he was born, or that in which he habitually resides. It cannot be maintained that this is an ideal definition; it is rather one which has been thrust upon the British Olympic Council by what has already taken place in the past history of the Olympic movement. Much, however, has been accomplished by devolution. For example, in Great Britain all the competitions in the Stadium and elsewhere were under the absolute control of the different athletic and sporting associations representing the particular sport concerned, which was responsible for their management. Similarly, with foreign countries and the colonies, each of these has an Olympic Committee of its own which is responsible for the teams representing their country. These committees forwarded the entries of competitors to the British Olympic Council, and individual entries were not accepted. It is a well-known and generally accepted maxim of English life that undertakings such as these shall be carried out by private enterprise, and without help of any sort from the government, a distinction which other nations do not share. The British Olympic Council, therefore, had to depend absolutely upon its own efforts and upon the support of the friends of the Olympic movement, for means to fulfil its responsibilities. Those responsibilities were neither few nor light. We felt that in the country which may almost be called the mother land of athletics and sport every effort should be made to make the games worthy of the occasion and of the place where they were held. . . . The British Olympic Council were most fortunate in the co-operation of the executive of the Franco-British Exhibition, which enabled them to provide an arena for the games which is the largest and most convenient yet constructed, and possesses several new features. It consists of a central oval of turf 700 ft.

21
long by 3oo ft. broad, in which are decided such contests as field athletics, wrestling, lacrosse, archery, &c. Round this oval is the running track, 24 ft. wide, with a lap of 586 yards 2 feet, or exactly one-third of a mile, Surrounding this track, again, is that for cycling, 35 feet wide and 660 yards in circumference, thus providing a lap of three-eighths of a mile. An entirely novel feature is the swimming bath, a rectangle of 100 metres by 50 feet, with a depth at each end of 4 feet 6 inches, and a middle depth of 12 feet 6 inches. There is a collapsible tower of the regulation height to allow of high-diving competitions. The arena is surrounded by a stand with accommodation for 70,000 spectators, and provides dressing rooms, lavatories, etc., for the competitors in the games. The Council were most fortunate in securing this fine arena for the Games. It came about from the fact that the Franco-British Exhibition and the Olympic Games of London fell in the same year, which was a wholly undesigned and unforeseen coincidence. The executive of the exhibition had included a sports arena in their plans, and by the arrangement with the Council this was developed into the present Stadium and placed at their disposal for the purposes of the Olympic Games. The running track was laid down under the supervision of the Amateur Athletic Association, and as it was completed before Christmas, 1907, it had ample time to settle, and is a fast track upon which some records were made before the Games began. With the object of getting through the meeting in a reasonable time, no country was allowed to enter more than a fixed number of competitors in any event, and these entries, as already stated, had to be made through the Olympic Committees, which have been organised in each country, entries from individuals not being accepted. One of the most difficult questions which has presented itself is that of the amateur definition. The Olympic Games are exclusively for amateurs, and a definition of universal application is not at present practicable, so each sport has to have a definition of its own, which is set out in the rules and regulations for that sport, the underlying principle being that an athlete is no longer an amateur if he makes money out of the sport in which he engages. In many branches of athletics a man loses his amateur status if he competes with professionals, but this does not apply to such sports as golf in which there is an open championship. As sports become more and more internationalised, an end which these international meetings will largely promote, it cannot be doubted that in time the rules and regulations which govern them will command a universal acceptance, and the codes drawn up by the British Olympic Council for the forthcoming games, and issued in French, German, and English, will form a good foundation for future international athletic conferences to work upon. One of the most laborious tasks of the British Olympic Council has been the drawing up of these regulations, which appear in the different books of rules dealing with the various competitions [and at the end of this official Report.] The introduction of the metric system is an innovation which may have proved some little inconvenience to British runners, who had to run 1093 yards, instead of the old 100 yards, but it is of the highest importance that these measurements should be adopted in all the Olympic Games, as they have been in previous Olympic meetings, in order that successive records may be compared with each other, and that no competitors may be put at a disadvantage. There remains a word to say on the broader aspects of the modern Olympic games. The underlying idea is that there is something in these periodical gatherings which gives promise of results more important than those to be hoped for from an ordinary athletic meeting, however representative and however extended in scope. It is well to remember at this moment that a dominant idea of the old Hellenic games was peace, and that although the superb physical effciency they fostered naturally produced a citizen qualified in all respects

22
to serve his state against a foreign enemy, the Olympic Games were the expression of goodfellowship as between Greek and Greek, the one institution, indeed, which united the Hellenic race during a history which was marred throughout by internal conflict. They formed a sort of cord of unity by which the race was held together not only through their internal bickerings, through the temporary ascendency of one state or another, the civil strife of the Peloponnesian war, and the downfall of Athens in Sicily, but through the greater disasters of foreign domination like those of Macedon and Rome. The same idea of peace and unity in connection with international athleticism is capable of a modern application. In the games in London were assembled some two thousand young men, the athletic representatives of their various races, who met each other inspired by the same ideals of physical excellence, and competed with each other in friendly rivalry. These young men are also representative of the generation into whose hands the destinies of most of the nations of the world are passing at this moment, and we may hope that their meeting thus periodically, the enthusiasm which they share, and the opportunities afforded of mutual knowledge and mutual respect, may have a beneficent effect hereafter on the cause of international peace.

23

CHAPTER I.

PREPARATIONS.
THE first step taken by the British Olympic Association on receipt of the invitation from the International Olympic Committee to hold the Games of 1908 in London was to address a circular, through Lord Desborough, its President, to the associations governing sport in England asking for their opinion upon the proposal, and stating that if it was decided to hold these Games in London the governing associations would be asked to draw up programmes and regulations, to superintend the carrying out of these programmes in each sport, and to nominate a representative to serve on the Council of the British Olympic Association for the purpose of organising the Olympic Games of 1908. By the middle of November, favourable replies having been received from the great majority of the aszociations, and official representatives appointed, the British Olympic Council was duly formed and a resolution was passed at the Council meeting, held on November 19, 1906, that these Olympic Games be held in London. On November 27, 1906, a letter from Lord Desborough was published in the Press, sketching the proposals of the Association, as follows : At a meeting of the Council of the British Olympic Association, held on Monday, the 19th inst., it was decided that the fourth celebration of the original series of Olympic Games should be held in London in the month of July, 1908. The first of these revivals very appropriately took place in Athens in 1896, the second was held in Paris in 1900, the third in St. Louis in 1904, and for the fourth Rome was suggested as the centre; but as that did not prove practicable, the offer was made to England ; and that offer, after the approval of the various athletic bodies had been obtained: the Committee has seen its way to accept. H.R.H. the Crown Prince of Greece, who so ably presided over the Games held at Athens in 1906, which were outside the original cycle of Olympic Games started in the year 1896, has sent his best wishes for the success of the London Meeting, and his sympathy is all the more gratifying as it was announced on the highest authority during the Olympic Games in Athens this spring that it was the intention to hold Olympic Games

24 every four years, beginning with 1906, in the magnificent Stadium constructed for that purpose in Athens. Yet, even under all these circumstances, I should not have felt justified in making the announcement to which I ask you to give publicity to-day, were it not for the fact that I have received assurances of support-and will be no exaggeration to call it enthusiastic support from nearly every one of those great associations which control the various branches of sport in the United Kingdom. These associations have in each case delegated an official representative to serve on the British Olympic Council, and it will be these associations, working with the Council, who will control the arrangements of the particular form of sport with which they are connected. It is, of course, too early to enter into details, but as this country has been the cradle of so many forms of athletic sport, it is absolutely essential that the Olympic Games, if they are held in England, should be carried out in a manner worthy of a great athletic nation ; and the Committee would welcome any suggestions which may result from the kindness and experience of your readers. The Hon. Secretary, the Rev R. S. de Courcy Laffan, who has been doing a considerable amount of work for some years past in connection with the International Olympic Committee, will be happy to give information to those who desire it, if communicated with at 119 St. Georges Road, South Belgravia, S.W. Although details have not yet been considered, the Council propose to work on the following lines : (1) The events are only open to bona fide amateurs, and as many forms of sport will be included as may be practicable. (2) A guarantee fund will be formed. (3) A proposal is under consideration whereby the necessary buildings, tracks, enclosures, and an arena to seat 100,000 spectators will be provided free of expense to the Olympic Association, together with a proportion of the receipts to go towards the other expenses connected with the Games. (4) The Council do not propose to pay the expenses of any competitor whatever, either for travelling or for residence in this country. (5) The Prizes will consist of certificates, with gold, silver, and bronze medals, which will become the standard medals for these Games, But certain Challenge Prizes have been offered in addition by the generosity of private individuals or of societies. Among these I may instance an exact reproduction of the Pourtales Vase in the British Museum, which will be mounted on a specially designed pedestal and presented for open competition among amateur teams of epistes by the Fencers of the United

25 Kingdom, as an appropriate commemoration of the fact that the King has this year graciously consented to become the patron of the Amateur Fencing Association ; and the Prize offered for the Discus by Madame de Montgomery. (6) The Games will be held in July after Henley Regatta, and after the A.A.A. Championships. (7) As far as possible all the competitions, including swimming, archery, fencing, wrestling, &c., will be held on the same site in which the amphitheatre for the track-athletics and cycling will be erected. But when, as in the case of rowing or of rifle-shooting, it is necessary to hold the contest elsewhere, the arrangements will be made by the association governing those sports. (8) The Programme of the last Games at Athens may be seen in Baily's Magazine of July, 1906, but that programme will be considerably altered. (9) Sub-Committees will in due course be appointed to deal with such questions as that of the Programme, of Finance, of Entertainment, and of each separate department of sports. Most important of all, perhaps, will be a set of Rules which will result from the communication between these committees and the various societies representing organised sport in other countries, which will to a large extent govern future Olympic Games. Every competitor will be officially entered by the association controlling the particular sport in which he has been chosen to represent his country, and these entries will be limited. The Olympic Games were called into being ten years ago to encourage a generous athletic rivalry among the various nations which took part in them, and at the same time that more friendly feeling which comes from better acquaintance ; and it is to be hoped that the Olympic Games, if held in England, will in no degree, to say the least, fall short of those that have gone before. Yours faithfully, DESBOROUGH,

Chairman, British Olympic Association

In accordance with the principles thus laid down, letters were sent to the members of the International Olympic Committee in the various countries requesting them to form committees, and to take other necessary measures to ensure the participation of their fellow-countrymen in the Olympiad in London. In response, committees were formed in France, Germany, Italy, Belgium, Holland, Greece, Sweden, Denmark, Bohemia, Hungary, Switzerland, Bulgaria, the United States of America, and in every other country which desired to send its amateurs to the English Games.

26 The proposal to construct the buildings and Stadium mentioned in Lord Desboroughs letter had reference to the negotiations then in progress between the British Olympic Association and the Executive Committee of the Franc0-British Exhibition. This agreement was finally concluded on January 14, 1907, and provided that the Exhibition Committee should construct at their own cost all the racing tracks and buildings necessary for carrying out the Olympic Games, and should provide all necessary equipment, attendants, advertisements, &c., and should advance to the British Olympic Association the sum of 2,000 for current working expenses. The proceeds of the admission of the public were to be divided between the Franco-British Exhibition and the British Olympic Association in the proportion of three to one. The details of the racing tracks and of the pond for Swimming and Diving competitions were worked out by committees of experts appointed by the British Olympic Association on the nomination of the A.A.A., the N.C.U., and the A.S.A. The track for running events measures $365 yards, that for cycling 660 yards. The measurements of the pond for Swimming and Diving are 100 metres in length by 15 metres in breadth, with a depth of 1 metre 20 to 3 metres 70. The British associations agreed that the metric system should be used for the measurement of distances, as had hitherto been the case in the Olympic Games which had taken place at Athens, Paris, and St. Louis. The seating accommodation for spectators according to the original plans was 66,288. The total cost of the Stadium and necessary equipment, as worked out by the Executive Committee of the Franc0-British Exhibition, was to amount to at least 44,000. The British Olympic Association opened permanent offices at 108 Victoria Street, Westminster, which are retained for the future, and here were held all the more important meetings of the British Olympic Council. Following on these arrangements in London the International Olympic Committee met at The Hague on May 23, 24, and 25, 1907, at the Ministry of the Interior in the Salle de la Trve, kindly placed at the disposition of the Committee by the Government of the Netherlands. The following countries were represented : Belgium (1), Bohemia (1), France (2), Germany (1), Greece (1), Holland (1), Hungary (1), Italy (1), Sweden (2), Switzerland (1), United Kingdom (3). The Committee was received in the name of H.R.H. Prince Henry of the Netherlands (the Patron of the Meeting) by his A.D.C., Baron Van Asbeck, to whom the President, Baron Pierre de Coubertin, delivered the gold Olympic Medal for presentation to his Royal Highness.

27 The Committee was also received by the Minister of Foreign Affairs, M. Van Tets van Goudriaan, who gave a sympathetic address of welcome showing an intimate knowledge of, and profound sympathy with, the international significance of the Olympic movement. Baron Pierre de Coubertin was unanimously re-elected President of the I.O.C. for the second term of ten years. On the motion of the members for the United Kingdom it was unanimously resolved that the British Colonies in South Africa should be entitled to separate representation. The award of the Olympic Cup for 1908 was made to the Central Association of Sweden for the Promotion of Sport. The thanks of the I.O.C. were given to Comte Brunetta dUsseaux for the statue of Pallas Athene, which he has presented as a Challenge Trophy for the Olympic Games of 1908 and afterwards. The thanks of the I.O.C. were given to the English Fencers for the magnificent Challenge Cup, which they had presented for the Games of 1908 and afterwards. Some discussion arose as to the possibility of adopting a standard medal for all Olympic Games the one face to be permanent, the other to change with each Olympiad. It was eventually resolved to leave the form of the medal to be awarded for the Olympic Games of London entirely to the British Committee, who were requested to have in view the possibility that such a medal might be used for future Olympiads. The I.O.C. would afterwards decide whether to adopt one side of each British medal as a permanent design. The general wish of the foreign representatives was understood to be for a medal in a case rather than one to be worn. The principle of a gold medal for all first winners was adopted, and it was decided that all competitors should have commemorative medals. The British Committee were reminded that competitions in sculpture, music, literature, architecture and painting, the subjects chosen to be inspired by some athletic or sporting idea, should form part of the Olympiad, and the British Committee undertook to make arrangements accordingly. It was understood that no prizes beyond Olympic medals would be offered, but that an exhibition would be arranged.* A copy of the General Regulations, as amended, appears in these pages. The following points deserve special attention : The principle of English judges, with power to appoint foreign assistants, was carried unanimously.
*Regulations for these competitions were drawn up and will be found in later pages ; but it was impossible, in the time, to carry them out.

28 The Greek representative suggested that there should be an International Jury of Appeal for cases in which the judges disagreed, but this did not find support in the Committee. The time allowed for making a protest was extended to one calendar month from the distribution of prizes. Two additional articles were added, the first investing the B.O.C with power to make changes in the regulations, the second, specially proposed by the British members, declaring that the I.O.C. would receive special recognition at the Games. The Programme and General Regulations for the Games of 1908 were submitted to the I.O.C. in English, French, and German, but it was understood that THE ENGLISH VERSION ALONE IS OFFICIAL. At the conclusion of the discussion it was stated that as soon as the programme had been definitely fixed in England copies would be sent to the Olympic Committee of each country. The B.O.C. could not undertake to embody all suggestions in their final programme, but promised to take account of them so far as it was possible to do so. A unanimous vote of thanks was passed to the British Olympic Council for the manner in which the regulations and programme had been prepared and presented.

29

CHAPTER II.

GENERAL REGULATIONS FOR THE OLYMPIC GAMES OF 1908 IN LONDON. Passed at The Hague Conference of 1907.
1. In accordance with the request of the International Olympic Committee, it has been decided to hold the International Olympic Games of 1908 in England. 2. The British Olympic Council, which is responsible for the Games, has delegated the actual management of the different sports to the associations governing them in England, who may appoint officials from other countries to assist in the several competitions. 3. The Olympic Games are exclusively confined to amateurs. 4. The definition of an amateur qualified to compete in any sport will be found in the detailed regulations under the heading of that sport. 5. The entries from each country will be limited in number. The limit number will vary for different events, and will be specified in the programme. 6. A country is any territory having separate representation on the International Olympic Committee, or, where no such representation exists, any territory under one and the same sovereign jurisdiction. 7. The amateur status of every competitor must be guaranteed by the association which, in his own country, governs the sport in which he desires to enter as a competitor, or, where no such governing association or governing club exists, by a special committee of experts appointed by the Olympic Committee of that country. 8. All entries will be made through the governing associations, or, where governing associations do not exist, by amateur clubs, through the Olympic committees of each country, who will be responsible to the British Olympic Association for the competence of such amateur clubs to guarantee that the competitors entered by them are amateurs within the conditions laid down in the British Olympic Associations regulations for the several sports, as set forth in the programme of the Olympiad.

30 9. There will be no entrance fee for any event. 10. The Stadium events will be held in two sections. The main portion of the Games will take place in July, 1908, but there will be a section for Winter Games in October. 11. It is proposed to close the entries at least one month before the date fixed for the event for which the entry is made. 12. The British Olympic Council reserve to themselves the right to refuse the entry of any competitor without being bound to give reasons for their decision. 13. Objections to the qualifications of a competitor must be made in writing to the secretary of the British Olympic Council at the earliest moment practicable. No such objection shall be entertained after the lapse of one calendar month from the distribution of the prizes. Every objection shall be accompanied by a deposit of one pound (1), and if upon investigation the objection shall appear to have been made upon no reasonable ground the deposit shall be forfeited. The British Olympic Council shall decide on every objection after having heard the representative or representatives on the Honorary Committee (see Article 14) of the person making the objection. 14. An Honorary Committee, entitled the Comit dHonneur, will be formed, consisting of three representatives from each competing country, to be nominated by the Olympic Committee in that country. Special seats will be reserved for them, as for the members of the International Olympic Committee, at all contests and all festivities connected with the Olympiad, and they will be distinguished by a separate badge. [N.B.In the case of competitors not represented on the Honorary Committee, the British Olympic Council will appoint three members to act on behalf of such competitors.] All protests to be made to the officials managing any form of contest must be made through a member or members of the Honorary Committee representing the country to which the competitor belongs who desires to make the said protest for transmission to the said officials. Any such protest must be made to the proper official within half an hour of the termination of the contest to which it relates. [N.B.Sections 13 and 14 do not apply to sports like Rowing and Yachting, which have special regulations for objections and protests,] 15. The prizes will consist exclusively of Olympic medals (gold, silver, or bronze) and certificates. In cases where challenge cups or trophies have been presented they will remain in the possession of the winners until the opening of the Games of 1912. All those who take part in the Olympic Games will be presented with commemorative medals.

REVERSE OF THE OLYMPIC PRIZE MEDAL FOR THE GAMES OF 1908.

By B ERTRAM M ACKENNAL , A.R.A.

OBVERSE OF THE OLYMPIC PRIZE MEDAL (PERMANENT DESIGN).

By B ERTRAM M ACKENNAL , A.R.A.

OBVERSE OF THE OLYMPIC COMMEMORATION MEDAL (PERMANENT DESIGN)

By B ERTRAM M ACKENNAL , A.R.A.

REVERSE OF THE OLYMPIC COMMEMORATION MEDAL FOR THE GAMES OF 1908.

By B ERTRAM M ACKENNAL , A,R,A.

31 16. The British Olympic Council will make no contribution to the expenses of any competitor, foreign or British. 17. The British Olympic Council shall be invested with full power to make in case of absolute necessity such changes as may be desirable in these Regulations. 18. The members of the International Olympic Committee are specially recognised as such at these Games, apart from any other functions which they may fill. 19. Natural-born or fully naturalised subjects or citizens of a country (as defined in Section 6 of these General Regulations), or of the Sovereign State of which a country forms part, are alone eligible to represent that country as competitors in the Olympic Games. 20. Where two or more countries (as defined in Section 6 of these General Regulations), form part of the same Sovereign State, a naturalborn or fully naturalised subject or citizen of that Sovereign State may represent, as a competitor in the Olympic Games, either the country in which he was born or that in which he habitually resides. 21. In cases of teams, a number of reserves, not in excess of seven, may be entered, except where otherwise provided in the Special Regulations of any sport.

32

CHAPTER III.

PROGRAMME AND PRIZES OF THE OLYMPIC GAMES OF 1908 IN LONDON. As approved at The Hague Conference of 1907. I.Programme of Events.
ATHLETICS.*
In the Stadium, commencing July 13, 1908. Entries close June 12, 1908. Maximum Prizes in each Event : No. of Com1st Prize. Gold Olympic Medal. petitors from each Country Silver ,, 2nd ,, ,, Bronze ,, 3rd ,, ,, 100 Metres, Flat (1093 Yards) ,, (2186 ,, ) 200 ,, 400 ,, ,, (4372 ,, ) 800 ,, ,, (8744 ,, ) 1,500 ,, , , (16395 ,, ) 110 Metres, Hurdle (1202 Yards) ,, ,, 400 (4372 ,, ) 3,200 ,, Steeplechase (34976 Yards) 5 Miles Run (8 Kilometres) ,, ) 10 Miles Walk (16 Marathon Race, about 25 Miles (about 40 Kilometres), on July 24, 1908 Standing Broad Jump ,, High ,, Running Broad Jump ,, ,, High Hop, Step, and Jump Pole Jump Throwing the Hammer Putting the Weight Tug-of-War. Teams of Eight teams 3 Mile Team Race (48 Kilometres) team 10 to enter, 5 to run, 3 to count. 3,500 Metres Walk (3,825 Yards) I. Free Style Discus. II. As at Athens Javelin. I. Free Style II. With the Javelin held in the Middle Relay Race, 1,600 Metres (1,7498 Yards) team Teams of four with four reserves : Two at 200 Metres (218726 Yards), one at 400 Metres (437452 Yards), one at 800 Metres (874904 Yards). * In all cases the figures in brackets are approximate. The various events of the Olympic Games of 1908 are described in this Report in the order in which they appear in the Programme printed above.

33

ARCHERY.
In the Stadium, on July 17, 18, and 20, 1908. Entries close July 2, 1908 Maximum Prizes in each Event : No. of Com1st Prize. Gold Olympic Medal. petitors from each Country Silver ,, 2nd ,, ,, Bronze ,, ,, 3rd ,, Gentlemen. The York Round. 72 Arrows at 100 Yards (94.4 Metres), 48 Arrows at 80 Yards (73 Metres), 24 Arrows at 60 Yards (54.8 Metres) Ladies. The National Round. 48 Arrows at 60 Yards (54.8 Metres), 24 Arrows at 50 Yards (45.7 Metres) Gentlemen. 40 Arrows at 50 Metres (54.6 Yards), shot singly, Continental fashion

BOXING.
At the Northampton Institute on October 27, 1908. Entries close September 15, 1908. Prizes in each Event : 1st Prize Gold Olympic Medal. Silver ,, ,, 2nd ,, Bronze ,, ,, 3rd ,, Five Weights. (a) Bantam, not exceeding 8 st. 4 lb. (52.617 kilos) 9 st. (57.15 kilos) (b) Feather ,, ,, 10 st. (63.5 kilos) (c) Light ,, ,, 11 st. 4 lb. (71.668 kilos) (d) Middle ,, ,, (e) Heavy, any weight The gloves to be of a standard weight of 8 oz. each.

CYCLING.
In the Stadium, commencing July 13, 1908. Entries close June 12, 1908. Prizes in each Event : 1st Prize. Gold Olympic Medal. ,, 2nd ,, Silver ,, ,, 3rd ,, B r o n z e , , Bicycle. One lap, 660 Yards (603.491 Metres) 1,000 Metres (1093.6 Yards) 5,000 Metres (2.88 Miles) 20 Kilometres ( 12.427 Miles) 100 (62.135 Miles) ,, Pursuit Race. Three laps (1.807 Kilometres). Teams of four to start. First three to count in each heat. team Tandem Bicycle. 2,000 Metres (1.24 Miles) pairs
C

34

FENCING.
At the Fencing Ground, adjoining the Stadium, commencing July 16, 1908. Entries close June 15, 1908. Prizes, Events 1 and 2 : Gold Olympic Medal. Silver

Bronze

Maximum No. of Competitors from each Country

A Challenge Cup has been presented by English Fencers to the winning Epe team. 1. Epe. (a) Individual (b) International Teams of Eight Out of whom four fencers are chosen for each series. 2. Sabre. (a) Individual (b) International Teams of Eight Out of whom four fencers are chosen for each series. 3. Foils. A display, with commemorative medals for all engaged, by picked amateurs, two representing each nation.

team

team

FOOTBALL (ASSOCIATION).
In the Stadium, about October 19, 1908. Entries close September 1, 1908. Prizes :Gold Olympic Medals to the winning team. A Challenge Cup has been presented by the Football Association.

FOOTBALL (RUGBY).
In the Stadium, about October 19, 1908. Entries close September I, 1908. Prizes :Gold Olympic Medals to the winning team.

GYMNASTICS.
In the Stadium, on July 14, 15, and 16, 1908. Entries close June 12, 1908. Prizes : Individual Competition (Heptathlon). 1st Prize. Gold Olympic Medal. Silver ,, ,, 2nd ,, Bronze ,, ,, 3rd ,, Team Competition. 1st Prize. I Gold Olympic Medal to the team. Silver Olympic Medal to each member of team. I Silver Olympic Medal to the team. 2nd ,, Bronze Olympic Medal to each member of team.

35
Maximum No. of Competitors from each Country

1. Individual Competitions Voluntary Exercises. 1. Horizonta1 Bar, Swinging Movements. 2. Horizontal Bar, Slow Movements. 3. Parallel Bars, Slow and Swinging Movements. 4. Rings, Steady. 5. Rings, Flying. 6. Pommelled Horse, Quick Movements. 7. Rope Climbing. Every competitor must take part in every item. 2. Team Competitions Voluntary Mass Exercises. The exercises may be those known as free gymnastics or exercises with hand apparatus, or any combination of both or either. Teams of not less than 16 nor more than 40. Time limit, 30 minutes. 3. Displays, Non-competitive. With commemorative medals. Open to women. team

HOCKEY.
In the Stadium, about October 19, 1908. Entries close September 1, 1908. Prizes :Gold Olympic Medals to the winning team

teams

LACROSSE.
In the Stadium, about October 19, 1908. Entries close September 1, 1908. Prizes :Gold Olympic Medals to the winning team. American Tournament System team

LAWN TENNIS.
I.Grass Courts. At the Grounds of the All England Club, Wimbledon. Commencing July 6, 1908. Entries close June 6, 1908. Prizes in each Event : 1st Prize. 2nd ,, 3rd ,, Mens Singles ,, Doubles Ladies, Singles Gold Olympic Medal. Silver ,, ,, Bronze ,, ,, pairs
C2

36 II.Covered Courts. A t Queens Club, West Kensington. Commencing May 6, 1908. Entries close April 28, 1908. Prizes in each Event : 1st Prize. Gold Olympic Medal. Silver ,, ,, 2nd ,, Bronze ,, ,, 3rd ,, Mens Singles ,, Doubles Ladies Singles

Maximum No. of Competitors from each Country

pairs

MOTOR BOATS.
In Southampton Water, starting from and finishing at the Enchantress, the Flagship of the Motor Yacht Club, on July 11. Entries close June 27. Prizes in each Event : 1st Prize. Gold Olympic Medal. Silver ,, ,, 2nd ,, Bronze ,, 3rd ,, About 40 Miles (64.3 Kilometres) : round mark-boats (as in Inter national Cup Race). Races will be held for the following classes : (a) For Motor Boats of any length or horse-power (b) For Motor Boats not exceeding 60 feet in length, and with a total piston area not exceeding that represented by four cylinders each of 155 mm. bore. (c) For Motor Boats exceeding Metres but not exceeding 8 Metres in length, not less than 800 Kilos. in weight in running order, but without fuel or crew on board, and with a total piston area not exceeding that represented by four cylinders each of 106 mm. bore. Boats in this class must comply with the rules of the International Sporting Club of Monaco in regard to cruisers.

POLO.
At Hurlingham, under Hurlingham Club-Rules. Commencing June 15, 1908. Final Match June 20, 1908. Entries close June 1, 1908. Prizes : Gold Olympic Medals to winning team

teams

RACQUETS.
At Queens Club, West Kensington. Commencing April 27, 1908. Entries close April 20, 1908. Prizes in each Event : 1st Prize. Gold Olympic Medal. 2nd ,, Silver ,, ,, 3rd ,, Bronze ,, ,, Singles Doubles

pairs

37

ROWING.

At Henley on July 28, 1908 and following days. No. of Competitors from Entries close : each Country (a) In the case of Belgium, Canada, Germany, Holland, and the United Kingdom, not later than June 30, 1908. (b) In the case of other countries not later than June 1, 1908. Prizes :Gold Olympic Medals to the winners in each Event. Eights (in best boats) Fours ,, ,, Pairs ,, ,, Sculls ,, ,,

Maximum

SHOOTING.
1. At Bisley, on July 9, 10 and 11, 1908. Entries close June 1, 1908. Prizes in each Event : 1st Prize. Gold Olympic Medal. 2nd ,, Silver ,, ,, Bronze ,, ,, 3rd ,, 1. Rifle Shooting. (a) Team Competition. Teams of six National Military arm of any country. Distances, 200, 500, 600, 800, 900, and 1,000 Yards (182.876, 457.19, 548.628; 731.504, 822.942, and 914.38 Metres). Targets : 1st, 2nd, and 3rd class targets. Two sighters and fifteen shots for each competitor at each range. (b) Individual Competition Any rifle, any sight, including telescopic. Distance, 1,000 Yards (914.38 Metres). Target : 1st class target. Two sighters and twenty shots. (c) Team Competition. Teams of six Any rifle. Foresight open, any kind of backsight. Distance, 300 Metres. Target : White target, 1 metre in diameter, divided into 10 zones, with black centre, 0.60 metre in diameter. Each competitor fires 120 shots (40 standing, 40 kneeling, and 40 lying down), with 10 sighting shots in each position. (d) Individual Competition Any rifle. Foresight open, any kind of backsight. Distance, 300 Metres. Target as in (c). Number of shots as in (c). 2. Miniature Rifle Shooting. (e) Team Competition. Teams of four Any breech-loading rifle shooting miniature ammunition, any sights except magnifying or telescopic. Distances, 50 and 100 Yards (45.719 and 91.438 Metres). team

team

team

38
Targets :

50 Yards (45.71 9 Metres). 12 inches square. Bull's eye inches in diameter. 100 Yards (91.438 Metres). 24 inches square. Bull's eye 3 inches in diameter. (One inch equals 2.54 centimetres). Four sighters and twenty shots at each distance. (f) Individual Competition

Maximum No. of Com petitors from each Country

Any breech-loading rifle shooting miniature ammunition, any sights except magnifying or telescopic. Distances, 50 and 100 Yards (45.719 and 91.438 Metres). Targets : 50 yards (45.719 Metres). 12 inches square. Bull's eye inches in diameter. 24 inches square. 100 Yards (91438 Metres). Bull's eye 3 inches in diameter. (One inch equals 254 centimetres). Four sighters and forty shots at each distance. (g) Individual Competition. Disappearing target Any breech-loading rifle shooting miniature ammunition, any sights except magnifying or telescopic. Distance, 25 Yards (2286 Metres). Target, three-quarters length figure 4 inches h i g h a n d wide at the widest part. (One inch equals 254 centimetres.) Two sighters and fifteen shots. (h) Individual Competitions. Moving target Any breech-loading rifle shooting miniature ammunition, any sights except magnifying or telescopic. Distance, 25 Yards (22"8d Metres). Target, three-quarters length figure 4 inches high and. inches wide at the widest part. (One inch equals 2.54 centimetres.) Two sighters and fifteen shots.
3. Revolver and Pistol Shooting.

inches

.. .. .. .. (i) Team Competition. Teams of four Any revolver or pistol with open sights. Distance, 50 Yards (45719 Metres). Target, white inches in diameter, divided into 10 zones, with central black inches in diameter. (One inch equals 2.54 centimetres.) Two sighters and sixty shots. Position standing ; right or left hand with arm extended.
(j) Individual Competition Any revolver or pistol with open sights. Distance, 50 Yards (45719 Metres). Target as in (h). Two sighters and sixty shots. Position standing ; right or left hand with arm extended.

I team

39 4. Running Deer Shooting. (k) Team Competition. Teams of four Any single, double, or repeating rifle with open sights. Distance, 110 Yards (100.582 Metres). Target : Running Deer. Bulls eye 6 inches diameter. (One inch equals 2.54 centimetres. ) Two sighters and ten shots, one at each run. Position, any. (l) Individual Competition. Single Shot Any single, double, or repeating rifle with open sights. Distance, 110 Yards (100.582 Metres). Target as in (j). Two sighters and ten shots, one at each run. Position, any. (m) Individual Competition. Double Shot Two sighters and twenty shots, two at each run. Other conditions as (l).
CLAY BIRD SHOOTING.

Maximu No. of Competitors from each Country

team

II.

At the Grounds of the Uxendon Shooting School Club, on July 8, 9, 10, and 11, 1908.

Entries close June 1, 1908. Prizes in each Event : 1st Prize. Gold Olympic Medal. Silver ,, ,, 2nd ,, Bronze ,, ,, 3rd ,,
I. Individual Competition 2. Teams of six

2 teams
SKATING.

At Princes Skating Rink, commencing October 19, 1908. Entries close September 21, 1908. Prizes in each Event : 1st Prize. 2nd ,, 3rd ,, Gold Olympic Medal. ,, Silver ,, Bronze ,, ,,

Gentlemens Figure Skating Ladies Figure Skating Pair Skating (Lady and Gentleman) Gentlemens Special Figure Skating

pairs

40

SWIMMING.
In the Stadium, commencing July 13, 1908. Entries close June 12, 1908. Prizes in each Event : 1st Prize. Gold Olympic Medal. Silver ,, ,, 2nd ,, Bronze ,, ,, 3rd ,, 100 Metres (109.3 Yards) 400 ,, (437.2 ,, ) 1,500 ,, (1639.5 ,, ) High Diving. From 5 and 10 Metre boards, firm take off Fancy Diving. From 1 and 3 Metre spring boards 200 Metres Team Race (218.6 Yards). Teams of four 200 Metres, Breast Stroke (218.6 Yards) Back Stroke (109.3 ,,) 100 ,, Water Polo. Teams of seven

Maximum No. of Competitors from each Country

team

team

TENNIS (Jeu de Paume).

At the Queens Club, West Kensington. Commencing May 18, 1908. Entries close May 11, 1908. 1st Prize. Gold Olympic Medal. Silver ,, ,, 2nd ,, Bronze ,, ,, 3 r d ,,

Singles

WRESTLING.
In the Stadium, Entries Prizes in each Event : 1st Prize. 2nd ,, 3rd ,, commencing July 13, 1908. close June 12, 1908. Gold Olympic Medal. Silver ,, ,, Bronze ,, ,,

I.Style - Catch as catch can. Bouts limited to 15 minutes. 5 weights : (a) BANTAM to 119 lbs. (54 Kilos.) (b) FEATHER ,, 133 ,, (60.3 ,, ) (c) LIGHT ,, 147 ,, (66.6 ,, ) ,, 161 ,, (73 ,, ) (d) MIDDLE (e) HEAVY, over 161 ,, II.Style - Grco-Roman. Bouts limited to 20 minutes. 4 weights : to 147 lbs. (66.6 Kilos.) (a) L IGHT (b) MIDDLE ,, ) ,, 161 ,, (73 (c) LIGHT HEAVYWEIGHT,, 161 ,, (93 ) (d) HEAVYWEIGHT. Any weight over 93 Kilos.

41

YACHT RACING.
At Ryde on July 27, 28 and 29, 1908. Entries close June 28, 1908. Prizes for all Classes : 1st Prize. Gold Olympic Medal for helmsman, with Silver Olympic Medals for crew. 2nd Prize. Silver Olympic Medal for helmsman with Bronze Olympic Medals for crew. Gilt Commemorative Medals for owners of winning yachts. Additional Prizes for 12 and 15 Metre Classes : 1st Prize. Gold Olympic Medal for mate or leading hand. 2nd Prize. Silver Olympic Medal for mate or leading hand. 1. The races will be sailed under the Yacht Racing Associations Rules, as in force in 1908, and incorporating the International Rules. 2. Measurement of yachts will be in accordance with the International Rule. Maximum No. of Com3. There will be no time allowance. petitors from 4. The Classes for which matches will be arranged are those of : each Country yachts 6 Metres ,, 7 ,, ,, 8 ,, ,, 12 ,, ,, 15 ,, 5. All races will be started from and finish at Ryde Pier, Isle of Wight.

II.Prizes and Awards.

Two sets of Medals were provided, the first (in gold, silver, and bronze) for winners of first, second, and third prizes in Olympic events ; the second (in silver-gilt, silver, bronze, and metal) were called Commemoration Medals, and were awarded in the manner described in later pages, one being given to each competitor with his competitors badge, but the three higher classes being reserved for officials and others who did not compete. The Art Committee, to whom the organisation of prizes and awards was entrusted, was composed of Mr. T. A. Cook and Mr. G. S. Robertson (members of the British Olympic Council), who were fortunate enough to obtain, in the preliminary stages of their work, the valuable assistance and advice of Mr. Thomas Brock, R.A., and Mr. A. S. Cope, A.R.A. The commission for designing both kinds of medals was given to Mr. Bertram Mackennal, A.R.A., who also kindly gave the Council designs for the various official badges, which will be described in later pages. The

42 medal designs are reproduced in this Report, and were exhibited in the Royal Academy. For the Prize Medal the figure of St. George for England represented the Games of 1908. The athlete, crowned between two emblematic female figures, was designed to form a permanent side of the Olympic Prize Medal in all future meetings. In the same way, on the Commemoration Medal, the winged figure of Fame represented the Games in London, but the design of the Greek four-horsed chariot was meant to appear permanently on one side of all Olympic Commemoration Medals in the future. In addition to these medals, Diplomas of two kinds were designed by Mr. Bernard Partridge for the Council, and are reproduced in this Report. The first design, for prize-winners only, representing a winged Victory between the figures of Hellas and Britannia, was exhibited in the Royal Academy, and was awarded in its larger form to winners of gold medals, and in a slightly smaller form to winners of silver and bronze medals. Each winner of a gold medal also received the smaller form of this diploma for presentation to his Club or Association as a memorial of his success. The second design, representing Victory seated, was worked out in black and red, and formed a Diploma of Merit, which was awarded by the various Associations controlling each series of events in the Games to athletes who achieved a high standard of excellence without getting first, second, or third in their competition. In a certain number of restricted cases this diploma was also awarded to officials and others for services rendered to the British Olympic Council in the organisation of the Games. It was thought right not to confuse the design in either class of medal by too long an inscription, so the event for which each prize-medal was awarded was incised upon the edge of its rim, with sufficient space left for the addition of the winners name. The same inscription was placed on the box containing each medal. The 250 gold medals ordered by the Council were placed in red boxes, 260 silver in dark blue boxes, and 260 bronze in yellow boxes. The large diplomas accompanying gold medals were rolled up in tubes, 20$ inches long, of red, and the club diplomas were placed in deep crimson tubes, IS~ inches in length. Dark blue and yellow tubes (also 18: inches long) were provided for second and third prize diplomas respectively. The diplomas of merit (of which 500 were ordered) were placed in light blue tubes, 17 inches long. The Commemorative Medals, being larger than the prize medals, were easily distinguishable, apart from the use of various coloured boxes for each class of these awards. In addition to the Medals and Diplomas, which were the only awards that could be kept by the recipient as his personal property, the following

43 Challenge Cups were given, each of which was insured by the British Olympic Council for sums varying from 100 to 300 : (1) The Brunetta Statuette for Rowing. (2) The Brunetta Trophy for Swimming. (3) The Football Associations Trophy. (4) The Gold and Silversmiths Cup for Wrestling. (5) The Hurlingham Trophy for Polo. (6) The International Cup (reproduced from the Pourtals Vase) for Fencing. (7) The Prince of Waless Cup for Cycling. (8) Lord Westburys Cup for Clay Bird Shooting. For each of the above Cups, the following agreement, signed by each recipient and countersigned by the President of his National Association, was held by the British Olympic Council : OLYMPIC GAMES, LONDON, 1908. We, the undersigned, having been awarded the Challenge Cup for at the Olympic Games of London on July 25, 1908, and the same having been delivered to us by the British Olympic Council, do hereby individually and collectively engage to return the same in good order to the British Olympic Committee on or before January I, 1912, in accordance with the Rules of the International Olympic Committee, and to be responsible for, and to repair all damage that may occur to the same between July 25, 1908, and January 1, 1912; and if at any time before January 1, 1912, the International Olympic Committee shall have ceased to exist, we hereby engage to send back the Cup to its original donor through the representatives of the British Olympic Committee appointed for that purpose. (Signed) Name Address Nationality (Signed) President of the National Association for Secretary

44 Four other Challenge Cups were also presented for these Games, and the agreement for these was left to the care of the International Olympic Committee, to whose charge they were committed for future meetings. (1) The Greek Trophy for the Marathon Race. (2) The Prague Trophy for Gymnastics. (3) The Montgomery Statuette for Discus. (4) The French Vase for Yachting. This makes a total of twelve Challenge Cups which will continue in these Games for ever ; and it was a matter of considerable satisfaction to the British Olympic Council that so large and permanent an addition to the prize list of the Games had been made on the occasion of the London meeting. The Council felt that the principle of giving nothing except medals and diplomas to become the personal property of recipients was the right principle, and that all other prizes should be in the nature of Perpetual Challenge Cups. Their representatives on the International Olympic Committee will use their best endeavours to secure the application of this principle in all future Games in the official cycle.

45

CHAPTER IV.

THE OLYMPIC GAMES OF 1908.

THE first stanchion of the Stadium was set in its place at Shepherds Bush on July 31, 1907. By May 1, 1908, the structure* had been visited by the Track Committee appointed by the Amateur Athletic Association to supervise the conduct of that portion of the Olympic Games. It was composed of Messrs. C. Val Hunter, H. Venn, (G. V. A. Schofield, and P. L. Fisher (Hon. Sec.), and these gentlemen officially measured the track, stating it to be exactly 1,760 ft. in circumference, a fact which is much to the credit of Charles Perry (late of the London Athletic Club) who was the professional engaged to superintend its construction. The path was in splendid order, with magnificently planned corners; and, being entirely sheltered from the wind by the huge surrounding tiers of seats, it seemed likely to produce fast times. The length of the turf inside is 235 yards, with a width of just over 99 yards. The cinder path is 24 ft. wide, and the cycle track (which is banked at every corner) has a width of 35 ft. of concrete.
* The containing walls of the Stadium, supporting the rising tiers of seats, are large enough in extent to enclose seven buildings each the size of the Albert Hall. In the huge triangular space surrounding the Stadium beneath its tiers of seats, dressing rooms and assembly rooms were arranged for every nation. Beginning at the south end, and moving round to the east side, the first two rooms were the beginning of a tunnel admitting athletes to the arena. 3 & 4. Assembly for Australia, Canada, and South Africa. 5 & 6. N.C.U. and A.A.A. Committee Rooms. 7 & 8. Cyclists dressing rooms. 9. Athletic dressing room. 10. Gymnastic dressing room. 11. Assembly for the U.S.A. and Austria. 12. Assembly for France. 13. Assembly for Sweden and Holland. 14. Fencing dressing room. 15. Ladies dressing room. 16 & 17. Gymnastic Committee. 20 & 21. Polytechnic Committee. [At this point comes the north tunnel opposite Rooms 1 & 2.] 26. Ambulance. 27. Swimmers and Wrestlers dressing room. 28. Assembly for Germany and Norway. 29. Assembly for Italy, Russia, and Belgium.

46 On May 14, 1908, the opening day of the Franco-British Exhibition, the Prince and Princess of Wales entered the Royal Box in the Stadium and formally dedicated the arena to international sport. The rain fell pitilessly during the whole afternoon, but an athletic meeting was arranged by the Finchley Harriers, under the presidency of Mr. F. W. Ashford, and the programme organised by Mr. R. Staines was excellently carried through in spite of the most unpropitious conditions. Immediately the Prince and Princess arrived a double procession of athletes, arranged by Mr. William Henry with the help of the London Polytechnic, started from the opposite side of the track, marched round each end of the cinder path and converged towards the Royal Box. In the middle, and exactly in front of the Prince, were drawn up the members of the British Olympic Council, headed by Lord Desborough. The Prince of Wales then declared the Stadium open. The procession of athletes at once reformed and marched past, and after a display of high-diving and swimming, the programme of the day began. On May 26 the Stadium was visited by Their Majesties the King and Queen with M. Fallires, President of the French Republic. An admirably designed procession and display were carried out by the Polytechnic. Various meetings organised by different sporting bodies were held here on subsequent occasions, including the championships of the Amateur Athletic Association, at which there were over 22,000 spectators and a record entry of 254, including athletes from Australia, South Africa, Canada, Scotland, Ireland, and the United States. The Records broken were the Hammer Throwing and Pole Jump, and both were afterwards beaten at the Olympic Games. In the Four Miles Championship the winner did the best championship performance, but did not break record. Only one champion successfully defended his title. Soon after this the Stadium was given up to practising by the members of various representative Olympic teams, to which the public was admitted. On Monday, July 13, His Majesty King Edward VII., Patron of the Olympic Games of 1908, with Queen Alexandra, visited the Stadium, and formally opened the Games in the presence of a large and brilliant company. The Duke and Duchess of Sparta with their children were the first to
30. Assembly for Hungary, Greece, and Switzerland. [The Royal Box was over Rooms 29 and 30.] 31. Assembly for Bohemia, Finland, and Denmark. 32. Press room. 33. British Olympic Council and Prize Committee. 34. Assembly for the United Kingdom.
[There were also a large number of temperance refreshment rooms and other offices.]

47 arrive, attended by their suite and the Hon. Henry Stonor. Princess Frederick Charles of Hesse, and the Prime Minister of Nepal, attended by Sir Curzon Wyllie, followed them. The American, Russian, French, and Austrian Ambassadors were also present. The Duke and Duchess of Connaught arrived soon afterwards, with Princess Patricia, and the Crown Prince and Princess of Sweden. The Prince and Princess of Wales brought Prince Henry and Prince Albert of Wales, with the Countess of Shaftesbury, Captain Viscount Crichton, Mr. Wallington, and Mr. Hansell in attendance. Princess Louise and the Duke of Argyll had preceded them a few moments before. The King and Queen, with Princess Victoria, were attended by Lady Suffield, the Countess of Antrim, the Hon. Charlotte Knollys, Sir Archibald Edmonstone, and Major-General Brocklehurst. At half-past three their Majesties were received by Lord Desborough, Viscount Selby, Lord Blyth, Sir John Cockburn, and Mr. Imre Kiralfy on behalf of the Franco-British Exhibition. Lord Desborough then presented Baron Pierre de Coubertin to the King, who afterwards shook hands with the members of the International Olympic Committee for Bohemia, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Holland, Italy, Sweden, Switzerland, the United States, and the United Kingdom. The King then entered the Royal Box, and a procession of the competing athletes at once began to march forward from the opposite side of the arena*. The numbers representing the respective nations were as follows : Austria Belgium Bohemia Denmark France Germany Greece Holland Hungary Italy Norway Sweden Finland United States Australasia Canada South Africa United Kingdom

* The following regulations, approved by a Committee representing the teams in England, were drawn up by Mr. Robert Mitchell of the London Polytechnic, an institution whose aid was invaluable to the British Olympic Council throughout the Games : 1. That all teams should assemble at 2 oclock in their respective dressing rooms at the Stadium on Monday the 13th inst. 2. On the Parade it is expected that every athlete taking part will be in the athletic costume of his country, or of the sport in which he intends to compete. In the event of it being a wet day, it is left entirely to the discretion of the manager of each team as to what precaution should be taken for the protection of his various members. 3. All teams will Parade in the rear of the Stadium facing Wood Lane at 2.45 promptly, and behind their respective representatives, who will bear the flag and entablature of their country. 4. Each nationality will be formed up in sections of four, and will be headed eight paces in front by the bearer of its entablature or name of the country, and

48 Among these teams those of Sweden, Norway, Denmark, and Finland were especially noticeable for their neat and uniform appearance, while countries in which conscription is the rule showed its influence very plainly in the military precision with which their athletes marched. The Danish ladies in gymnastic costume were loudly and deservedly applauded. A large number of other gymnasts also paraded who were to give displays without competing. The English contingents were led by an Oxford Blue, a Cambridge Blue, and a former member of the Eton Eight. The whole body of athletes was aligned in front of the Royal Box, and after the International Olympic Committee, the British Olympic Council, and the Comit d'Honneur had formed up just beneath it, Lord Desborough stepped forward and requested His Majesty to open the Fourth Olympiad. The King then said: I declare the Olympic Games of London open . The trumpeters of the Life Guards at once sounded a fanfare, and the band of the Grenadier Guards played the National Anthem, while the flags of all nations in the line of athletes dipped in salute. All the competitors led three cheers for the King, which were joined in by some 40,000 spectators present. After the march-past of the athletes, the Games began with the first heat of the Fifteen Hundred Metres. Various heats
four paces between the entablature and the front column by the bearer of the flag of the country. 5. On the sounding of the bugle the columns will march off in alphabetical order. 6. Each team on entering the Stadium will wheel either to the right or left on to the centre of the cinder track and march to its special flag, which will be placed on the side of the track, then wheeling on its flag march straight forward into its proper position in front of the Royal Box, which will be indicated by another flag. 7. On arriving in position facing the Royal Box the entablature bearer will fall back to the right side of the leading section of his team. The flag bearer to stand six paces in front of column. 8. The International Committee and Representatives will next parade before His Majesty, who will then declare the Stadium open. The National Anthem will then be performed by the band, all flags being lowered to the salute and three cheers will be called from the whole of the teams for His Majesty. 9. On the signal being given by Mr. H. Elliott, the Chief Marshal, the columns will wheel to the right, and march off in alphabetical order with the exception that America will immediately precede the British Colonial Contingents, which will precede Great Britain, who will bring up the rear. IO . On the march the entablature bearer will march four paces in front of the flag-bearer, who will also be four paces in front of the leading section of his column. II . An interval of at least four paces should be kept between the entablature bearer and the rear rank of the preceding column. 12. Each column on passing the Royal Party will salute, afterwards marching right round the track and make its exit. 13. A full meeting of Managers and (as far as possible) the Teams, will be held at the Stadium, on Saturday, 11th, at 11.30; also on Monday, 13th, at 12 oclock, for rehearsal.

KING EDWARD VII. OPENING THE OLYMPIC GAMES, JULY 13, 1908.

REPRESENTATIVES OF THE UNITED KINGDOM IN THE PARADE OF ATHLETES ON JULY 13, 1908.

NORWEGIAN AND SWEDISH TEAMS IN THE PARADE OF ATHLETES ON JULY 13, 1908.

49 in bicyclin g and swimming completed the programme for the day. There was not much sunshine, but the rain of the morning held off during most of the afternoon.

ATHLETICS.*
In describing the various events grouped together under the heading of Athletics, I have chosen the order in which they were printed in the first Official Programme of these Games. The winners came up for their prizes in the same order. As it was impossible for all the competitors to remain in England the whole fortnight, and as this was especially the case with the gymnasts and cyclists, these two divisions of the Games were mostly completed in the first week, during which also the greater part of the field events and the long distance racing (with the exception of the Marathon Race) was This occasionally led to unavoidable hardship, as, for carried out. instance, when a man, in order to win his gold medal, had to win a heat one day and walk in the final the next; or when runners in a three-mile team race had to turn out for a five-mile race on the same day. But such occurrences were not limited to the British team, or to any single nationality; and the drawing of heats was guided by the principle of dividing the nationalities as equally as possible throughout; only when the total of the representatives of a single nation exceeded the total of preliminary heats did athletes of the same nation compete in them against each other; and, in such cases, all competitors were considered as Olympic representatives of equal value, their positions in a heat being then entirely guided by the luck of the draw. It was fortunate that the numerous heats for short distances in the second week were chiefly decided in fine weather. The sequence of events as actually carried out in the Stadium was far too complicated to admit of any logical reproduction here; but as it occasionally had a very definite bearing upon results I have printed in the Appendix the programme for every day, with the names of the officials managing each event. The weather was unfavourable, on the whole, during the first week, but much better during the second, and very hot on the last two days.
* For the sake of uniformity I have used the phrase United Kingdom to describe the British competitors throughout this Report. But it is right to say that by arrangement between the A.A.A., the Scottish A.A.A., and the Irish A.A.A., they were entered in the official athletic programme as Great Britain and Ireland.
D

50
The order chosen for the description of events in these pages is as follows : I. 100 Metres, Flat II. 2 0 0 III. 4 0 0 IV. 8 0 0 V. 1,500 VI. 110 Metres, Hurdle VII. 400 VIII. 3,200 Metres Steeplechase IX. 5 Miles Run X. 10 Miles Walk XI. Marathon Race XII. Standing Broad Jump XIII. Standing High Jump XIV. Running Broad Jump XV. Running High Jump XVI. Hop, Step and Jump XVII. Pole Jump XVIII. Throwing Hammer XIX. Putting Weight XX. Tug of War XXI. 3 Mile Team Race XXII. 3,500 Metres Walk XXIII. Discus (Free style) XXIV. Discus (Greek style) XXV. Javelin (Free style) XXVI. Javelin (Restricted style) XXVII. 1,6oo Metres Relay Race

I.ONE HUNDRED METRES FLAT (1093 yards). FIRST ROUND. Heat 1 .E. J. Duffy, South Africa, 1; G. Scoutarides, Greece, 2; V. Henny, 1 Holland, 3. Won easily. Time, II I: sec. Heat 2 .J. P. George, United Kingdom, 1; O. Guttormsen, Norway, 2. Won by 3 yards. Time, 1 I$ sec. I Heat 3 .N. J. Cartmell, United States, 1; G. Malfait, France, 2; A. Hoffmann, Germany, 3; E. Koops, Holland, 4. Won by 2 yards. Time, 11 sec. Heat 4.R. E. Walker, South Africa, 1; J. Konings, Belgium, 2; D. Murray, United Kingdom, 3; E. G. Kiralfy, United States, 0; E. J. C. Greven, Holland, 0. Won by 4 yards. Time, 11 sec. H e a t 5 .R. Cloughen, United States, 1; J. Johannsen, Norway, 2; D. Beland, Canada, 3; H. S. Harmer, United Kingdom, 0. Won by 5 yards; Harmer broke down. Time, 11 sec. Heat 6.W. W. May, United States, 1; V. Jacquemin, Belgium, 2; L. Lesca, France, 3; M. Pascalides, Greece, 4. Won by 3 yards. Time, I I$ sec. Heat 7.R. C. Duncan, United Kingdom, 1; K. Stenborg, Sweden, 2; H. Eicke, Germany, 0; U. Barrozzi, Italy, 0; R. Stenberg, Finland, 0. Won by a yard. Time, I I; sec. Heat 8.L. B. Stevens, United States, 1; K. Lindberg, Sweden, 2; H. Rehder, Germany, 0; W. Murray, United Kingdom, 0. Won by inches. Time, 112sec. Heat 9.J. W. Morton, United Kingdom, 1; A. J. Petersen, Denmark, 2; J. Hoogveld, Holland, 3. Won by 3 yards. Time, I I$ sec. Heat 10.R. Kerr, Canada, 1; M. Chapman, United Kingdom, 2; P. Fischer, Germany, 3. Won by 3 yards. Time, 11 sec. Heat 11 .W. F. Hamilton, United States, 1; P. Simon, Hungary, 2; G. Lamotte, France, 3. H. T. Phillips, South Africa, broke down after going half a dozen yards. Hamilton won by 3 yards. Time, I I: sec. Heat 12.H. J. Huff, United States, 1; H. J. Pankhurst, United Kingdom, 2; K. Fryksdal, Sweden, 3. Huff won by a yard. Time, I I: sec. Heat 13.L. Robertson, United States, 1; F. Lukeman, Canada, 2; H. Meslot, France, 3; E. Schonecker, Austria, 4. Won by 3 yards. Time, I I; sec. Heat 14.D. R. Sherman, United States, 1; L. Sebert, Canada, 2; H. Watson, United Kingdom, 3. Also ran :F. Wiezner, Hungary, and H. von Bonninghausen, Germany. Won by 4 yards. Time, I I; sec.

51
Heat 15.J. A. Rector, United States, 1; G. Racz, Hungary, 2; W. Kohlmey, Germany, 3. Rector won in the fast time of IO: sec. (ties Olympic record). Heat 16.J. P. Stark, United Kingdom, 1; G. Torretta, Italy, 2. Won by 2 yards. Time, I: sec. Heat 17 .P. J. Roche, United Kingdom, 1; C. Bechler, Germany, 2. Won by 2 yards. Time, I I; sec. SECOND ROUND. Heat 1.R. E. Walker, South Africa, 1; W. W. May, United States, 2; P. J. Roche, United Kingdom, 3; L. B. Stevens, United States, 4. A beautiful start. Walker had just got his head in front at half way, and the others could never hold him afterwards. Won by a yard. Time, 10-t sec. (ties Olympic record). Heat 2. R. Kerr, Canada, 1; D. R. Sherman, United States, 2; J. W. Morton, United Kingdom, 3. Kerrs stride carried him clean away from Sherman and Morton, and the Canadian won by 3 yards. Time, 11 sec. Heat 3.J. A. Rector, United States, 1; H. J. Huff, United States, 2; E. J. Duffy, South Africa, 3; R. C. Duncan, United Kingdom, 4. A one-sided heat. Rector won by 3 yards. Time, IO: sec. (ties Olympic record). Heat 4.N. J. Cartmell, United States, 1; L. Robertson, United States, 2; J. P. Stark, United Kingdom, 3; J. P. George, United Kingdom, 4. Cartmell was just the faster of the Americans, and won by a foot. Time, 1 13 sec. FINAL. R. E. Walker, South Africa J. A. Rector, United States R. Kerr, Canada N. J. Cartmell, United States Time, 10; sec.

Walker started inside, Kerr outside, with the Americans in the middle. Walker led, Kerr started badly. Half way Rector just passed Walker, with the others very close up. Walker spurted magnificently, got level with Rector, ran level for some six yards, and then shot ahead and won by over three feet, with Kerr third, a shade in front of Cartmell. For the fourth time in this event the Olympic record for 100 metres, by F. W. Jarvis, of New York, at Paris in 1900, was equalled; for Rector did IO,~ twice, and Walker also. R. E. Walker, aged 19, came from Natal, where he was born, and had not been originally selected in the South African team. He was 5 ft. 7 in. high, and weighed 9 st. 4 lb. He was perfectly trained for the day of the race, and has done even faster performances since his return to South Africa. A Diploma of Merit for the Hundred Metres was awarded to N. J. Cartmell, U.S.A.
D 2

52
II.TWO HUNDRED METRES FLAT (2186 yards). FIRST ROUND. Heat 1.J. B. George, United Kingdom, 1; V. Henny, Holland, 2; Won by 10 yards. Time, sec. Heat 2.H. J. Huff, United States, 1; E. J. Duffy, South Africa, 2; H. J. W. Wal, Holland, 3; K. Stenborg, Sweden, 4. A splendid race for 150 yards. Won by yards. Time, sec. Heat 3.J. P. Roche, United Kingdom, 1; L. Robertson, United States, 2; F. Lukeman, Canada, 3; E. Koops, Holland, 4. Won by a yard. Time, sec. Heat 4.N. J. Cartmell, United States, 1; G. Racz, Hungary, 2; R. Stenberg, Finland, 3. Won by 2 yards. Time, 23 sec. Heat 5. G. W. Malfait, France, 1; R. C. Duncan, United Kingdom, 2. Won by 4 yards. Time, sec. Heat 6.S. Laaftman, Sweden, 1; F. Wiesner, Hungary, 2; E. J. C. Greven, Holland, 3. Won by 2 yards. Time, sec. Heat 7.C. Radoczy, Hungary, walked over. Heat 8. R Cloughen, United States, 1; U. Barrozzi, Italy, 2. Won by 6 yards. Time, sec. Heat 9.S. Hurdsfield, United Kingdom, 1; M. Pascalides, Greece, 2. Won by y a r d s . Time, sec. Heat 10.W. F. Hamilton, United States, 1; L. Sebert, Canada, 2; H. J. Pankhurst, United Kingdom, 3. Also ran : P. Simon, Hungary, and F. Halbert, Hungary. Won by 3 yards. Time, sec. Heat 11.R. Kerr, Canada, 1; W. W. May, United States, 2; J. P. Stark, United Kingdom, 3. Also ran :K. Lindberg, Sweden, and E. Brambilla, Italy. Won by yards. Time, sec. Heat 12.D. R. Sherman, United States, 1; J. W. Morton, United Kingdom, 2; E. Schonecker, Austria, 3; C. J. den Held, Holland, 4. Won by 2 yards. Time, sec. Heat 13.L. J. de B. Reed, United Kingdom, 1; A. Hoffman, Germany, 2. Won by yards. Time, sec. Heat 14O. Guttormsen, Norway, walked over. Heat 15.G. A. Hawkins, United Kingdom, 1; H. Meslot, France, 2; J. Hoogveld, Holland, 3. When they entered the straight Hawkins came away and won by 3 yards. Time, sec. SECOND ROUND. Heat 1 .R. Kerr, Canada, 1; W. F. Hamilton, United States, 2; C. Radoczy, Hungary, 3; O. Guttormsen, Norway, 4. A magnificent race. Won by 9 inches. sec. The third man was only a foot behind Hamilton. Time, Heat 2.N. J. Cartmell, United States, 1; D. R Sherman, United States, 2; sec. yards; third close up. Time, H. J. Huff, United States, 3. Won by Heat 3.R. Cloughen, United States, 1; L. J. de B. Reed, United Kingdom, 2; J. P. George, United Kingdom, 3; S. Hurdsfield, United Kingdom, 4. Reed made a great race with Cloughen for 150 yards, but could not hold the American sec. afterwards, the latter winning by a yard. Time, Heat 4.G. A. Hawkins, United Kingdom, 1; P. J. Roche, United Kingdom, 2; G. W. Malfait, France, 3. A wonderful finish. Ten yards from the line the three were practically level, but then Hawkins just showed in front, and won by a foot. Time, sec.

53
R. R. N. G. FINAL. Kerr, Canada Cloughen, United States l J. Cartmell, United States A. Hawkins, United Kingdom Time, 22$ sec.

Kerr led at the start, but as soon as they reached the straight the Americans closed up to him. Though palpably tiring, he only yielded by inches, and just got home by nine inches, with Cartmell only a foot behind Cloughen. R. Kerr, aged 26, was born in Enniskillen, in Ireland, and went to Canada when three years old. He was 5 ft. 7% in. high, and weighed 10 st. 10 lb. He won the 100 Yards and 200 Yards A.A.A. Championships of 1908 in London, and seemed slightly overtrained in the Olympic Games. Diplomas of Merit for the Two Hundred Metres were awarded to W. F. Hamilton, U.S.A., and G. A. Hawkins, of the United Kingdom. 212 No one touched the Olympic record of 21 seconds set for this race by A. Hahn, of Milwaukee A.C., at St. Louis in 1904. The worlds record (amateur) for 220 yards (or IQ yards over the zoo metres) is 21; seconds by B. J. Wefers, U.S.A., on May 30, 1896.
III.FOUR HUNDRED METRES FLAT (4374 yards). FIRST ROUND. Heat 1 .E. H. Montague, United Kingdom, 1; P. H. Pilgrim, United States, 2. Only two started. Won by 12 yards. Time, 5o$ sec. Heat 2Void; no starters. Heat 3 .E. H. Ryle, United Kingdom, ran over. Heat 4.J. B. Taylor, United States, 1; R. Penna, Italy, 2; S. Laaftman, Sweden, 3. Won by a dozen yards. Time, 5o$ sec. Heat 5 .G. Nicol, United Kingdom, 1; O. Guttormsen, Norway, 2. Won by 12 yards. Time, 5% sec. Heat 6.G. W. Malfait, France, 1; D. Buddo, Canada, 2. Won by 8 yards. Time, 50 sec. Heat 7.W. C. Robbins, United States, 1; J. Nagy, Hungary, 2; N. G. Chavasse, United Kingdom, 3; V. Henny, Holland, 4. Won easily. Time, 5% sec. Heat 8 .W. C. Prout, United States, 1; C. M. Chavasse, United Kingdom, 2. A beautiful race. Won by 2 yards. Time, 5o$ sec. Heat 9.H. P. Ramey, United States, 1; A. Astley, United Kingdom, 2. Won by I+ yards. Time, 51 sec. Heat 10.L. Sebert, Canada, 1; M. Cartasegna, Italy, 2; V. Jacquemin, Belgium, retired. Won by 20 yards. Time, 5% sec. Heat 11.J. C. Atlee, United States, 1; A. Patterson, United Kingdom, 2; G. Tarella, Italy, 3. Won by a yard. Time, 5% sec. Heat 12.C. C. Davies, United Kingdom, 1; C. J. den Held, Holland, 2. Won by 4 yards. Time, 50: sec. Heat 13.N. A. Merriam, United States, 1; R. C. Robb, United Kingdom, 2. Won by 2 yards. Time, 525 sec.

54
Heat 14.J. C. Carpenter, United States, 1; Dr. O. P. Trieloff, Germany, 2; K. A. Ringstrand, Sweden, 3; H. J. W. Wal, Holland, 4. Won by 10 yards. Time, sec. Heat 15.W. Halswelle, Great Britain, 1; F. M. de Selding, United States, 2; B. Evers, Holland, 3. De Selding made all the running until the straight, then Halswelle made his effort, and won by 10 yards. Time, sec., the fastest time in the First Round, and within one-fifth of a second of the Olympic record. Heat 16.G. W. Young, United Kingdom, 1; J. Hoogveld, Holland, 2. Won easily. Time, sec. SECOND ROUND. N.B.In this round a tape was stretched yards further on than the finish, in order that times might be taken both for the 400 Metres and for the Quartermile. Heat 1.J. C. Carpenter, United States, 1; C. C. Davies, United Kingdom, 2; N. A. Merriam, United States, 3; G. W. Young, United Kingdom, 4. At 300 yards Davies began to cut down Carpenters lead. He caught Merriam just before the straight, but Carpenter, slowing fast in the last thirty yards, won by three yards. Time, s e c . Time for quarter-mile, sec. Heat 2.W. Halswelle, United Kingdom, 1; E. H. Montague, United Kingdom, 2; G. Nicol, United Kingdom, 3; W. C. Prout, United States, 4. Contrary to his usual custom, Halswelle went to the front at once, and was right Continuing to stride out grandly, he rounded the away at the half distance. sec., beating the last bend in perfect style, and won by 12 yards. Time, Olympic record of sec., set up by H. Hillman, at St. Louis, in 1904, by sec. Time for the quarter-mile, sec., which is a fraction worse than H. C. L. Tindalls British amateur record of sec., made at Stamford Bridge on June 29, 1899. Heat 3.J. B. Taylor, United States, 1; H. P. Ramey, United States, 2; E. H. Ryle, United Kingdom, 3; G. W. Malfait, France, 4. The Frenchman went away with the lead, and not until 300 yards had been covered did Taylors longer stride take him to the front. Meanwhile, Ryle was coming up fast, but sec.; could never catch the American pair. Taylor won by 5 yards. Time, quarter-mile, sec. Heat 4.W. C. Robbins, United States, 1; L. Sebert, Canada, 2; J. C. Atlee, United States, 3. Sebert was slower into his running than the Americans, and at half way he appeared right out of it. Then his stride lengthened appreciably, and, as a result, he speedily passed Atlee. But Robbins could not be caught, sec. and won by 3 yards. Time, 49 sec.; quarter-mile,

THE FINAL. The first attempt to decide the Final resulted in No race being announced by the Judges. In this country strings are not usually employed for this distance. The A.A.A. Rule printed in the programme of the day, referring to obstruction during a race, is as follows : Any competitor wilfully jostling or running across or obstructing another competitor so as to impede his progress shall forfeit his right to be in the competition and shall not be awarded any position or prize that he would otherwise have been entitled to.

55 The Rules, referring to the same subject, as laid down by the Union of which the American representative, Mr. Sullivan, was President, are as follows : Rule IIIThe Referee. When in a final heat a claim of foul or interference is made, he (the referee) shall have power to disqualify the competitor who was at fault if he considers the foul intentional or due to culpable carelessness, and he shall also have the power to order a new race between such competitors as he thinks entitled to such a Privilege. Rule XVIII.The Course.Each competitor shall keep in his respective position from start to finish in all races on straightaway tracks, and in all races on tracks with one or more turns he shall not cross to the inner edge of the track except when he is at least six feet in advance of his nearest competitor. After turning the last corner info the straight in any race each competitor must keep a straight course to the finish line, and not cross, either to the outside or the inside, in front of any of his opponents. The official inquiry into this final heat of the Four Hundred Metres Race was held at the Garden Club, France-British Exhibition, on the evening of the day of the race. Among those present were Mr. Duxfield, Vice-President of the Amateur Athletic Association, in the chair, Sir Lees-Knowles (British Olympic Council), Mr. G. S. Robertson (British Olympic Council), Mr. Percy Fisher, Mr. Pennycook (Scottish Amateur Athletic Association), Mr. E. W. Parry, Dr. M. J. Bulger (British Olympic Council), Mr. David Scott Duncan (Hon. Secretary, Scottish Amateur Athletic Association), Mr. W. J. Basan (London Athletic Club), Mr. E. H. Pelling (Hon. Secretary, London Athletic Club), and others. The evidence, written and signed, is as follows : Olympic Games, Quarter-mile Race. Inquiry into the allegations of unfair competition by which Mr. W. Halswelle was said to be wilfully obstructed. Dr. Bulger, a member of the British Olympic Council and an umpire, said : I took up a position on the back stretch 100 yards from the start. I saw No. 3 in the drawi.e . No. 3 position from the verge. . . . . At this point Mr. Moss, the Assistant-Secretary, explained that No. 1, T. C. Carpenter, drew the first position next to the verge; No. 2, W. Halswelle, drew the second position; No. 4, W. C. Robbins, drew the third position; and No. 3, J. B. Taylor, drew the fourth position. Dr. Bulger proceeded :About 50 yards from the start I saw No. 3, W. C. Robbins, go right across Halswelle and take Halswelles position as No. 2. Halswelle then seemed to drop back, and came more on the outside of Robbins, and in that position he rounded the first bend. That MICHAEL J. BULGER. is as far as I know of the matter.

56 Mr. Harry Gobles Evidence. I am a member of the Manchester A.C., and on this occasion I acted as starter in the final heat of the Four Hundred Metres Flat Race at the Olympic Games. I was instructed by the Referee, Mr. Abraham, and other officials to caution the competitors against wilful jostling, and did so while they were on their marks. I said in case of any wilful jostling the race will be declared void, and when the race is re-run the offender will not be allowed to take part. I told them that officials were posted every few yards to notice any such jostling. HARRY GOBLE. Dr. Badger, a vice-president of the A. A. A., said :I acted as an umpire, and took up a position on the bend just before entering the straight. The position of Robbins at that point was that he was leading and about a yard in front of Carpenter. Robbins and Carpenter were in such a position as to compel Halswelle to run very wide all round the bend, and as they swung into the straight Halswelle made a big effort and was gaining hard; but running up the straight the further they went the wider Carpenter went out from the verge, keeping his right shoulder sufficiently in front of Mr. Halswelle to prevent his passing. When they had run 30 yards up the straight Carpenter was about 18 inches off the outside edge of the track. I at once ran up the track, waving my hands to the judges to break the worsted. A. ROSCOE BADGER, Vice-President, A.A.A. Mr. David Basan :I am a member of the A.A.A. and the London Athletic Club, and I acted as an umpire in the Four Hundred Metres Flat Race final heat. I was standing beside Dr. Badger at the bend entering the straight. I corroborate the evidence of Dr. Badger in every particular. As the competitors passed me I called the attention of the next umpire further on to the running of the competitors. In my opinion Carpenter wilfully obstructed Halswelle. Mr. Halswelle is not a personal friend of mine, and I only know him as a competitor. D. BASAN. Mr. David Scott Duncan. I am a member of the British Olympic Council and Secretary of the Scottish Amateur A.A. I acted as referee in the final heat of the Four Hundred Metres Flat Race at the Olympic Games. I took up my position on the cycle track immediately behind Mr, Pennycook, one of the judges, and opposite the winning-post. I watched the race carefully, and saw that thirty yards after the start Halswelle had been dispossessed of second position by Robbins. Swinging into the straight Halswelle commenced to

57 gain on the two men in front, whereupon Carpenter made straight for the outside edge of the track, while Robbins nipped through on the inside. The boring by Carpenter continued, and the umpires held up their hands and signalled a foul. The worsted was broken, but I do not know by whom. Three of the judges, Messrs. Parry, Pennycook, and Fisher, consulted with me, and on the evidence of the umpires the race was declared void, and the words No race were signalled on the telegraph board and DAVID SCOTT DUNCAN. announced by megaphone. We, the undersigned, being Judges of the Final of the Four Hundred Metres, declare the race void, and order the same to be re-run on Saturday next without Carpenter, he being disqualified, and further order that the race be run in strings. P ERCY L. FISHER. C. PENNYCOOK. E. W. PARRY. None of the Americans appeared for the Final Heat, though Taylor and Robbins were entitled to compete. Halswelle ran over in 50 sec. Lieutenant Wyndham Halswelle, aged 26, was born in London, of Scottish descent. In l906 he won the 100, 220, 440, and 800 yards Scottish Championships on the same day, and won the A.A.A. 440 yards Championships in 48: sec. In 1908, before the Games, he did 440 yards in a@sec., and did the same time for the 400 Metres in the second round of this event in the Olympic Games.
IV.EIGHT HUNDRED METRES FLAT (8749 yards). FIRST ROUND. Heat 1 .O. Bodor, Hungary, 1; G. Butterfield, United Kingdom, 2; E. Bjrn, Sweden, 3; J. D. Lightbody, United States, 4; F. M. Ashford, United Kingdom, 0; H. J. W. Wal, Holland, 0. Ashford led at first, followed by Butterfield, who went up on the back stretch, with Bodor and Lightbody hanging on. On the last bend Bjrn went up, but Bodor came with a fine rush, and finishing fast up the straight, won by 2 yards. Time, 1 min. 58: sec. Heat 2.M. W. Sheppard, United States, 1; J. F. Lintott, United Kingdom, 2; J. Parkes, Canada, 3. Sheppard was nearly always at the head of affairs, and won by 4 yards. Time, 1 min. 58 sec. Heat 3.J. P. Halstead, United States, 1; J. W. Lee, United Kingdom, 2; G. N. Morphy, United Kingdom, 3; J. Nagy, Hungary, 4. Lee made play at first, then Morphy went along, but 300 yards from home Halstead came out and won a fine race with Lee by 2 yards. Time, 2 min. I; sec. Heat 4.E. Lunghi, Italy, 1; H. L. Coe, United States, 2; L. P. Jones, United States, 3; J. Parkes, Canada, 4; J. M. Lynch, Australasia, 0; J. C. English, United Kingdom, 0. Parkes and Lunghi shared the work, but the Italian began forcing the pace before the first lap was over, and in the second he came along finely, and won by 6 yards. Time, 1 min. 57; sec.

58
Heat 5.C. B. Beard, United States, 1; A. Astley, United Kingdom, 2; D. Buddo, Canada, 3; O. Quarg, Germany, 4; C. M. French, United States, 0; E. M. Dahl, Sweden, 0. Beard led off, Buddo came with a rush half-way, followed by Astley. The American, however, had a little left, and finishing strongly, he held Astley, and won a great race by two or three inches. Time, 1 min. 59: sec. Heat 6T. H. Just, United Kingdom, 1; A. Breynck, Germany, 2; F. G. Danielson, Sweden, 0; A. C. H. Vosbergen, Holland, 0. Danielson led. In the back straight Just drew up, and coming with one long run he won by more 57: than 50 yards. Time, 1 min,. 57 sec. 57: Heat 7 .H. Braun, Germany, 1; J. Bromilow, United States, 2; H. E. Holding, United Kingdom, 3; H. P. Ramey, United States, 0; F. Svanstrom, Finland, 0; B. Evers, Holland, 0. Bromilow led for the first quarter right into the straight, where Braun, on the inside, beat both Holding and Bromilow, and won by nearly two yards. Time, 1 min. 58 sec. Heat 8 .I. F. Fairbairn-Crawford, United Kingdom, 1; K. Hellstrom; Sweden, 2; F. P. Sheehan, United States, 3; H. Sutton, Australasia, 0. Crawford soon took a lead, entered the straight with over 8 yards lead, and won by 15 57: yards. Time, 1 min. 57 sec. FINAL. M. W. Sheppard, United States E. Lunghi, Italy H. Braun, Germany O. Bodor, Hungary T. H. Just, United Kingdom J. P. Halstead, United States I. F. Fairbairn-Crawford, United Kingdom C. B. Beard, United States 52; Time, 1 min. 52 sec.

Fairbairn-Crawford made the pace so hot in this remarkable race that he was fifteen yards ahead in the first 200, and was done with in the first lap. Sheppard then led with Lunghi and Just close behind him. Just tired first. Lunghi hunted the leader all the way home, but was outpaced. Sheppard won by about nine yards in the splendid time of 1.52 11.52& 3: completing the Half-mile (5 yards further) in 1.54. This beat by 3 seconds (52 the Olympic record for 800 metres of 1.56, made by Lightbody at St. Louis in 1904, and was within 3 second of the worlds record 1. (amateur) of I, 5 3 g for the Half-mile set up by C. H. Kilpatrick at New York in September, 1895. His time for the Half-mile, 1.54, was also a British record, the previous best being 1.542, by F. J. K. Cross (O.U.A.C.). Lunghis time in this race was 1 min. 548 sec., which also beats the The pace may be imagined from the facts that previous Olympic record. the first 400 metres were done in 53 seconds, and the quarter in 53: seconds. Braun only just beat Bodor for the third place. Diplomas of Merit for the Eight Hundred Metres were awarded to O. Bodor, Hungary, J. P. Halstead, U.S.A., T. H. Just, U.K., C. B. Beard, U.S.A., and I. F. Fairbairn-Crawford, U.K.

59 M. W. Sheppard was 26 years old, born in New Jersey, U.S.A. H e was 5 ft. 84 in. high, and weighed 10 st. 8 lb., and had never done such fast time before. E. Lunghi, a remarkable runner, was an Italian naval student from Genoa, aged 21, 5 ft. IO& in. high, and weighing 11 st. He had never approached this pace before, and was not supposed to have trained with particular severity for these Games.
V.FIFTEEN HUNDRED METRES FLAT (1,640 yards). FIRST ROUND. Heat 1 .J. P. Sullivan, United States, 1; J. D. Lightbody, United States 2; F. Meadows, Canada, 3; F. A. Knott, United Kingdom, 4. Also ran :J. M. Smith, United Kingdom; L. N. de L. Bonniot de Fleurac, France; N. Dahl, Norway; O. Bodor, Hungary; and J. de Keyser, Holland. This was the first race decided in the London Stadium during the Olympic Games of 1908. Meadows led the field for three-quarters of a lap. Entering on the second lap, De Fleurac was in possession. At the bell, Smith took the lead. Three hundred yards from home Lightbody rushed to the front, followed by Sullivan and Knott. 7; Sullivan won by a good 6 yards. Time, 4 min. 7 sec. Heat 2 .M. W. Sheppard, United States, 1; J. P. Halstead, United States, 2; G. Butterfield, United Kingdom, 3; J. W. Lee, United Kingdom, 4. Also ran : J. M. Lynch, Australasia; A. Hesse, Germany; and K. Neilsen, Denmark. Sheppard at once ran inside. Positions did not change very materially until the bell, when the order was Lee, Butterfield, Sheppard, Halstead. But entering the straight the Americans beat the Englishmen off, and a splendid finish between the former saw Sheppard win by a bare yard. Time, 4 min. 5 sec. The winner thus beat the Olympic record of 4 min. 5: sec., done by Lightbody at St. Louis in 1904, the second man tieing with the previously best figures. Heat 3 .N. F. Hallows, United Kingdom, 1; E. Lunghi, Italy, 2. Also ran: M. Cartasegna, Italy; F. H. Riley, United States; and E. Bjrn, Norway. Cartasegna at once went to the front, but was soon displaced by Lunghi, who led at the bell. Then Hallows, two hundred and fifty yards from home, forced his way to the front, with Lunghi a yard behind. The pair struggled right up to the tape, Hallows eventually winning by 2 yards. Time, 4 min. 32 sec. Lunghis time was 4 min. 3: sec. The record set up by Sheppard in the previous heat was thus easily broken, Lunghi also being well inside the figures which were destined to stand for so short a time. Heat 4.E. V. Loney, United Kingdom, 1; H. L. Coe, United States, 2; J. McGough, United Kingdom, 3; S. Demetrion, Greece, 4. Also ran : G. Dreher, France. McGough, whose left ankle was bandaged, set a lively pace until just before the bell. Then Loney shot by. For two hundred yards the others ran stride for stride. But running with grim determination, Loney refused to allow his opponent to get by, and as a result he won by 2 yards. Time, 4 min. 8: sec. Heat 5.J. Tait, Canada, 1; J. Nagy, Hungary, 2; F. Svanstrom, Finland, 3. Also ran :A. G. Ragueneau, France. The Canadian was in front, until the bell. One hundred yards further on Ragueneau attempted to go up, but finding himself easily held by Tait, he retired, and Tait won easily by 50 yards. Time, 4 min. 12; sec. Heat 6.J. E. Deakin, United Kingdom, 1; A. Breynck, Germany, 2; A. C. H. Vosbergen, Holland, 3. Deakin was always in front, and won by 75 yards. Time, 4 min. I 3; sec.

60
Heat 7.H. A. Wilson, United Kingdom, 1; J. Bouin, France, 2; W. Galbraith, Canada, 3. Galbraith went away with the lead until the bell rang, when Wilson went by, and won very easily by a good 30 yards. Time, 4 min. 11; sec. Heat 8.I. F. Fairbairn-Crawford, United Kingdom, 1; E. M. Dahl, Sweden, 2; H. Braun, Germany, 3. Also ran :O. Larsen, Norway; F. Delloye, Belgium; E. A. Andersson, Sweden; and J. Fitzgerald, Canada. Braun and Dahl occupied the leading positions by the Press stand. At the bell the pace became much faster, when the last bend was reached Fairbairn-Crawford went up, with Dahl hanging on. Fairbairn-Crawford, finishing strongly, won by 4 yards. Time, 4 min. 9: sec. FINAL. M. W. Sheppard, United States H. A. Wilson, United Kingdom N. F. Hallows, United Kingdom J. Tait, Canada I. F. Fairbairn-Crawford, United Kingdom J. E. Deakin, United Kingdom J. P. Sullivan, United States E. V. Loney, United Kingdom Time, 4 min. 35 sec.

A disappointing race for the United Kingdom, but full of interest. Deakin was reserving himself for the Team Race later on, and Loney could not make the pace hot enough to tire Sheppard in the last half mile. Fairbairn-Crawford did the first 500 yards in fast time, and sacrificed his chances again; but Loney was unable to take on the running, and the race was slow till the last 300 yards, which just suited Sheppards splendid turn of speed. Here Wilson made his effort and led into the straight, followed by Hallows, but Sheppard beat them both by sheer pace and won a fine race by about 2 yards in the same time Hallows had done in just beating Lunghi for the third heat, and over three seconds slower than Wilson had done the distance in his trials. Sheppard and Lunghi, showing the same relative form in both races, thus proved they were as good for 1,5oo as for 80o metres among the finest athletes in the world.
Diplomas of Merit for the Fifteen Hundred Metres were awarded to J. P. Sullivan, U.S.A. ; J. L. Tait, Canada; E. Lunghi, Italy; E . V . Loney, U . K . , and I. F. Fairbairn-Crawford, U.K. H. A. Wilson, aged 22, born in Lincolnshire, was 5 ft. 4 in. high, and weighed 8 st. 3 lb. At the Olympic Trials he won this race in 3 min. see. N. F. Hallows, of Keble College, Oxford, was not yet 22 years old, 5 ft. 9 in. tall, and weighed 9 st. i3 lb. He won the University Three Miles in 190 7 and 19o8 , and was born at Doncaster.

61
VI.HUNDRED AND TEN METRES HURDLES (1202 yards). [Ten flights of 3 ft. 6 in. Hurdles, ten yards apart, on grass, beginning fifteen yards from scratch.] FIRST ROUND. Heat 1 .A. H. Healey, United Kingdom, 1; H. St. A. Murray, Australasia, 2; D. A. Stupart, South Africa, 3. Healey led all the way and won by 4 yards. Time, 15: sec. Heat 2.J. C. Garrels, United States, 1; A. Halligan, United Kingdom, 2. Garrels won by 7 yards. Time, 16: sec. Heat 3.O. Groenings, United Kingdom, 1; G. Scoutarides, Greece, 2. Groenings was able to win by 5 yards. Time, 16: sec. Heat 4.L. A. Kiely, United Kingdom, walked over. Heat 5.W. M Rand, United States, 1; K. Powell, United Kingdom, 2; E. Savage, Canada, 3. Powell and Rand were practically level to the eighth hurdle, then Powell struck his ninth hurdle, and Rand won by 3 yards. Time, 155 sec. Heat 6.D. W. Walters, United Kingdom, 1; O. R. Lemming, Sweden, fell. Time, 17: sec. Heat 7.W. A. Knyvett, United Kingdom, walked over. Heat 8 .F. Halbart, Belgium, walked over. Heat 9.T. J. Ahearne, United Kingdom, walked over. Heat 10.F. C. Smithson, United States, 1; N. Kovacs, Hungary, 2. Smithson led from the first, and won by 10 yards. Time, I 5; sec. Heat 11 .E. R. J. Hussey, United Kingdom, 1; W. Blijstad, Norway, 2. The Norwegian fell. Time, 162 sec. Heat 12.C. E. Kinahan, United Kingdom, 1; O. Guttormsen, Norway, 2. Kinahan won by 10 yards. Time, 16: sec. Heat 13.L. V. Howe, United States, 1; E. E. Leader, United Kingdom, 2. A very fine race all the way. They took each hurdle almost simultaneously until the last, when Howe was a trifle the faster, and won by I* yards. Time, 15: sec. Heat 14.A. B. Shaw, United States, ran over. SECOND ROUND. Heat 1 .A. B. Shaw, United States, 1; E. R. J. Hussy, United Kingdom, 2; D. W. Walters, United Kingdom, 3; O. Greenings, United Kingdom, 4. Shaw 15: led from the first hurdle, and won by a good 6 yards. Time, 15 sec. Heat 2.F. C. Smithson, United States, 1; W. A. Knyvett, United Kingdom, 2; L. V. Howe, United States, 3. Smithson at once left the others, and won very I I easily. Time, 15 5; sec. (ties Olympic record of 155: sec., by Kraenzlein at Paris, 1900). Heat 3.W. M. Rand, United States, 1; A. H. Healey, United Kingdom, 2; L. A. Kiely, United Kingdom, 3; T. J. Ahearne, United Kingdom, 4. Healey tipped his ninth hurdle, and this cost him the race, Rand seizing the opportunity 15; to get up and win by a foot. Time, 15 sec. Heat 4.J. C. Garrels, United States, 1; C. E. Kinahan, United Kingdom, 2. 16: Garrels won by 10 yards. Time, 16 sec. FINAL. F. C. Smithson, United States J. C. Garrels, United States A. B. Shaw, United States W. M. Rand, United States Time, 15 sec. Worlds Record.

62 The four Americans were the best in the United States, and had never met before. As Smithson had already equalled the Olympic record in the second round, it was expected he would do even better in the final. The start was excellent, but Smithson gained slightly over each hurdle in perfect style, and won by five yards, creating a worlds record, although Kraenzleins 15 k at Chicago, on June 18 of the same year, had been run on cinders over 120 yards, which is Q of a yard shorter than Smithsons 110 metres on grass. This race was run on the last day of the Games, in fine weather, just before Her Majesty the Queen distributed the gold medals, and helped to make a worthy conclusion to the splendid perform ances of the past fortnight. Forrest Smithson, 23 years old, was 6 ft. high, and weighed 12 st. 10 lb, born in Portland, Oregon, U.S.A., and had never showed such fine pace before. Garrells, of Michigan, was a year younger, and had done 15 2 seconds, besides putting the shot and the discusa good all-round man. Shaw, of Joliet, Illinois, had been timed at 15 s seconds, and was an extraordinarily clean and neat hurdler. Diplomas of Merit for the 110 Metres Hurdles were awarded to W. M. Rand, U.S.A., and A. H. Healey, U.K.

VII.FOUR HUNDRED METRES HURDLES (4374 yards). [Ten flights of 3 ft. Hurdles, 35 metres apart, beginning 45 metres (49213 yards) from the scratch mark and ending 40 metres from the finish, on grass.] FIRST ROUND. Heat 1. E. Koops, Holland, walked over. Heat 2.H. L. Coe, United States, 1; J. B. Densham, United Kingdom, 2. A great race. The American won by I+ yards. Time, 583 sec. Heat 3.C. J. Bacon, United States, 1; H. St. A. Murray, Australasia, 2. Murray was outpaced from the start, and Bacon won by 20 yards in 57 sec. (beating Olympic record of 573 sec. by Tewkesbury, United States, at Paris, in 1904). Heat 4.F. W. Harmer, United Kingdom, walked over. Heat 5.G. Burton, United Kingdom, walked over. Heat 6.H. L. Hillman, United States, 1; G. Dubois, France, 0. Dubois retired a hundred yards from home. Time, 59.: sec. Heat 7.O. Groenings, United Kingdom, walked over. Heat 8 .E. W. Gould, United Kingdom, walked over. Heat 9.N. Kovacs, Hungary, walked over. Heat 10.L. F. Tremeer, United Kingdom, walked over. Heat 11.Void, no starters. Heat 12.L. A. Burton, United Kingdom, 1; H. Meslot, France, 2. A great race throughout, but in the straight Burton got away and won by 3 yards. Time, 60; sec.

63
SECOND ROUND. Heat 1.H. L. Hillman, United States, 1; H. L. Coe, United States, 2; E. Koops, Holland, fell. Hillman beat his brother American by a score yards, 56: Time, 56 sec. I: in the process upsetting the previous Olympic record by 1 sec. Heat 2.C. J. Bacon, United States, 1; O. Groenings, United Kingdom, and N. Kovacs, Hungary, retired. Bacon made the pace so hot that the others 8 retired at the half distance. Time, 558: sec. Heat 3.L. A. Burton, United Kingdom, 1; F. W. Harmer, United Kingdom, 2; E. W. Gould, United Kingdom, 3. Though slowing fast in the straight, Burton had such a big lead that he was able to win by 6 yards. Time, 59; sec. Heat 4.L. F. Tremeer, United Kingdom, 1; G. Burton, United Kingdom, 6of retired. Time, 6 0 sec. FINAL. C. H. L. L. J. L. F. A. Bacon, United States Hillman, United States Tremeer, United Kingdom Burton, United Kingdom Time, 55 sec.

The Englishmen were beaten in 150 yards, and the Americans fought out the race together at a wonderful speed, and very level. They took the last hurdle together, and Bacon won on the run-in by 6 feet in time which lowered the Olympic record for the third time in this event. The 2 worlds record (amateur) for the 440 yards hurdles (or 2g yards further 56 seconds, by H. Arnold at Buffalo, U.S.A., in than this race) is 56; September, 1901, which shows that Bacon travelled faster than any athlete had done his distance over hurdles before. Groenings might have done better for the United Kingdom had he not had lumbago. Densham held 572 the A.A.A. record of 57 seconds. Hillman had hitherto done better than Bacon, who was taller and looked stronger. L. F. Tremeer was running in the Hundred Yards A.A.A. Championship of 1897.
VIII.THREE THOUSAND TWO HUNDRED METRES STEEPLECHASE (224 yards less than 2 miles). [Three-foot Hurdles, every competitor to go over or through the water at the water jump.] Heat 1.A. Russell, United Kingdom, 1; N. Cartasegna, Italy, 2; A. G. Ragueneau, France, 0; E. P. Carr, United States, 0; T. Downing, United Kingdom, 0. Downing was disqualified at the first water jump. Ragueneau and Russell led, but at two laps the Frenchman retired. Then Carr injured his ankle. Russell won easily. Time, 10 min. 56; sec. Heat 2 .J. L. Eisele, United States, 1; A. Lovass, Hungary, 0; L. de B. de Fleurac, France, 0; F. J. Buckley, United Kingdom, 0; J. C. English, United Kingdom, 0. De Fleurac went away at the start, but Eisele and English went up in the next lap, and the French candidate retired at the water jump, where English fell. The American now led till half a lap before the bell, when English retired leaving Eisele to finish alone. Time, 11 min. I 3: sec. Heat 3.W. Galbraith, Canada, 1; H. Barker, United Kingdom, 0. Barker retired. Time, 11 min. 122 sec.

64
Heat 4.A. J. Robertson, United Kingdom, 1; G. A. Dull, United States, 2; Dull G. N. Bonhag, United States, 0; R F. C. Yorke, United Kingdom, 0. led for a lap, but in the next Robertson went ahead, Yorke was disqualified, and Bonhag retired. Robertson won by 200 yards. Time, 11 min. 10 sec. Heat 5.C. Guy Holdaway, United Kingdom, 1; J. W. Kinchin, United Kingdom, 2; R A. Spitzer, United States, 3; C. L. Hall, United States, 4. In the third lap Holdaway went ahead with Kinchin in attendance, and the Americans were soon left a long way behind. Holdaway won easily by nearly 100 yards. Time, 11 min. 18: sec. Heat 6.H. Sewell, United Kingdom, 1; J. D. Lightbody, United States, 2; J. F. Fitzgerald, Canada, 0; W. Grantham, United Kingdom, 0. The Canadian went off with a rush, but was soon left, while at the first hurdle after the water jump Lightbody accidentally spiked Grantham. Over the last four hurdles Sewell and Lightbody were practically level, but on the flat, Sewell, with a yard or so advantage, finished strongly, and won by 10 yards. Time, 11 min. 303 sec. FINAL. A. Russell, United Kingdom A J. Robertson, United Kingdom J. L. Eisele, United States C. Guy Holdaway, United Kingdom H. Sewell, United Kingdom W. Galbraith, Canada Time, 10 min. 47: sec.

Holdaway led at the start, but was soon displaced. Galbraith and Russell then made the pace for the first mile. Afterwards Russell and Eisele fought for the lead until the bell, when Robertson passed Eisele and was only beaten by two yards by Russell, with Eisele 25 yards behind. Diplomas of Merit for the 3,200 Metres Steeplechase were awarded to Holdaway, U.K., Sewell, U.K., and Galbraith, Canada. Conditions for this event differ at every meeting.
IX.FIVE MILES RUN (8 kilometres). FIRST ROUND. 46$ Heat 1.J. F. Svanberg, Sweden (time, 25 min. 46 sec.), 1; C. Hefferon, South Africa, 2; G. B. Blake, Australasia, 3; W. Coales, United Kingdom, 0; A. G. Ragueneau, France, 0. The latter retired at a lap. Hefferon led from Coales at first, and then the order was reversed, the pair sharing the pacing. At two miles Svanberg was forcing matters, and in the next lap took the lead. At three miles there was quite a large margin between him and Hefferon, and the Swede came home a winner by 120 yards. Coales retired in the fourth mile. 2 Intermediate times: 1 mile, 4 min. 52 sec.; 2 miles, 10 min. 2: sec.; 3 miles, 10: 29: 15 min. 10 sec.; 4 miles, 20 min. 29 sec. Heat 2.E. R. Voigt, United Kingdom (time, 26 min. I13 sec.), 1; F. G. 3; Bellars, United States, 2; P. Pagliani, Italy, 3; K. Nielsen, Denmark, 4; W. W. Wakker, Holland, 0; G. Coulcumberdos, Greece, 0; E. M. Dahl, Sweden, 0. Bellars led off, with Voigt, Pagliani, Dahl, Coulcumberdos and Nielsen in close order. The latter was dropped at the mile, when the same three were ahead, with Dahl and Coulcumberdos. So the men went for another two miles. A t last Voigt set the pace, and coming away at four miles, he soon had the field beaten.

ATHLETICS.R. KERR (CANADA) WINNING THE 200 METRES.

ATHLETICS.START

FOR

THE

1,500

METRES

FINAL.

ATHLETICSM. W. SHEPPARD (U.S.A.) WINNING THE 1,500 METRES.

ATHLETICS.F. C. SMITHSON (U.S.A.), WINNER OF THE 110 METRES HURDLES IN 15 SECONDS.

ATHLETICS.C. J. BACON (WINNER) AND R. L. HILLMAN (BOTH U.S.A.) IN THE 400 METRES HURDLES.

ATHLETICS.THE WATER JUMP IN THE STEEPLECHASE.

ATHLETICS. E . R. VOIGT (U.K.) WINNER OF THE FIVE MILES.

ATHLETICS. START OF THE 3,500 METRES WALKING RACE.

65
Pagliani persevered pluckily, but two laps from home Bellars led him, and finished second, 150 yards behind Voigt. Intermediate times : 1 mile, 5 min. 6; sec. ; 2 miles, 10 min. 40 sec. ; 3 miles, 16 min. 6 sec. ; 4 miles, 21 min. 16 sec. Heat 3.S. L. Landqvist, Sweden (time, 27 min. o$ sec.), 1 ; E. P. Carr, United States, 2 ; J. F. Jorgensen, Denmark, 3 ; C. L. Hall, United States, 4 ; P. Nettlebeck, Germany, 5 ; W. T. Braams, Holland, 0. This was a good race. Landqvist led at first, with Nettlebeck, Hall, Carr, and Jorgensen in attendance, and Carr kept up for a mile, when the Swede went gradually away, and won by 120 yards. Intermediate times : 1 mile, 5 min. 72 sec. ; 2 miles, 10 min. 32: sec. ; 3 miles, 15 min. 53: sec. ; 4 miles, 21 min. 265 sec. Heat 4.J. Murphy, United Kingdom (time, 25 min. 59; sec.), 1 ; F. Meadows, Canada, 2 ; J. G. Petersson, Sweden, 3 ; P. Lijandier, France, 4 ; J. E. Deakin, United Kingdom, 0 ; J. Tait, Canada, 0 ; J. de Keyser, Holland, 0. Murphy led all the way, and Deakin soon dropped behind and retired. Murphy won sec. ; 2 miles, 9 min. Intermediate times : 1 mile, 4 min. by 110 yards. 59; sec. ; 3 miles, 15 min. 12: sec. ; 4 miles, 20 min. 3 12 sec. Heat 5 .A. J. Robertson, United Kingdom (time, 25 min. 50$ sec.), 1 ; J. F. Fitzgerald, Canada, 2 ; S. Stevenson, United Kingdom, 3 ; A. J. A. Wiegant, Sweden, 0 ; J. M. Lynch, Australasia, 0 ; A. C. H. Vosbergen, Holland, 0. Fitzgerald led at first, with Robertson and Wiegant next, but before the mile Robertson had gone ahead. Vosbergen retired. Robertson at four miles led by fully 70 yards. Now came a fine struggle between Fitzgerald and Stevenson. Fitzgerald, who collapsed at the post, beat Stevenson by 70 yards. Robertson won by 80 yards. Intermediate times : 1 mile, 4 min. 52: sec. ; 2 miles, 10 min. 2; sec.; 3 miles, 15 min. 18: sec. ; 4 miles, 20 min. 37: sec. Heat 6 .E. Owen, United Kingdom (time, 26 min. 12 sec.), 1 ; W. Galbraith, Canada, 2 ; I. Nejedky, Bohemia, 3 ; A. Lovas, Hungary, 0. This was a fast run race at first, Owen taking the field along, and at two miles Galbraith was beaten 46; sec. ; off. Owen won by 440 yards. Intermediate times : 1 mile, 4 min. 46 19; 5 2 miles, 9 min. 56 sec. ; 3 miles, 15 min.19 sec. ; 4 miles, 20 min. 51 I+ sec. FINAL. 1. E. R. Voigt, United Kingdom 2. E. Owen, United Kingdom 3. J. F. Svanberg, Sweden 4. C. Hefferon, South Africa 5. A. J. Robertson, United Kingdom 6. F. Meadows, Canada 7. J. F. Fitzgerald, Canada 8. F. G. Bellars, United States 9. S. L. Landqvist, Sweden 0. J. Murphy, United Kingdom Time, 25 min. 1112 sec.

m. s.

Fitzgerald and Murphy made the pace at first. At the mile Owen led, but was soon displaced by Svanberg, and afterwards by Hefferon, and these alternately took the field along until Hefferon made his effort, with two laps to go, and failed to stay. Seven hundred yards from home, Voigt spurted right away from the rest, running in beautiful style, and won by 70 yards. Owen caught Svanberg at the last corner and beat him by nearly 50 yards,
E

66 Intermediate times :
1 mile (Owen) 2 miles (Hefferon) 3 (Hefferon) 4 (Svanberg)

The worlds record (amateur) was made by A. Shrubb, in 24 min. 33; sec., at Stamford Bridge, in May, 1904. Diplomas of Merit for the Five Miles Run were awarded to J. F. Fitzgerald, Canada, S. L. Landqvist, Sweden, A. J. Robertson, U.K., J. Murphy, U.K., F. G. Bellars, U.S.A., C. Hefferon, South Africa, and F. Meadows, Canada.
X.TEN MILES WALK (16 kilometres). Heat 1 .E. J. Webb, United Kingdom (time, 80 min. 18; sec.), 1 ; F. T. Carter, United Kingdom, ; E. A. Spencer, United Kingdom, ; E. E. Larner, United Kingdom, (81 min. 25; sec.) ; A. E. M. Rowland, Australasia (81 min. 57$ sec.), 5 ; T. E. Hammond, United Kingdom (83 min. 44 sec.), 6 ; P. Gunia, Germany, 7. Also competed :J. Goetzee, Holland ; W. F. Winkelmann, Holland ; A. T. Yeoumans, United Kingdom ; P. M. Soudijn, Holland, and A. H. S. Hojme, Denmark. In the first lap Rowland went to the front, followed by Gunia and Hojme, but in the second lap Larner took the lead, with Hojme second, Rowland being cautioned at this point. Larner completed his first mile in 7 min. 41: sec., with Webb and Carter a yard behind. At the second mile Hojme again took second place, with Carter and Webb in attendance, Larners time being 15 min. 5 I: sec. In the seventh lap Webb drew out, and in the next 300 yards Gunia went up into second place. The third mile was completed by Webb in 23 min. 41: sec., Carter being second, 40 yards behind; Gunia third, and Larner fourth. In the next lap Larner took third place, and the three Englishmen lapped Winkelmann and Goetzee, whilst Rowland also improved his position. Four miles saw Webb 70 yards ahead of Carter, 60 yards separating the latter from Larner, Hojme and Soudijn being lapped. Webbs time was then 30 min. 20 sec. The leader reached half-distance in 39 min. I$ sec., 150 yards in front of Carter. A great race was now going on between Spencer and Rowland for fourth place, the pair being 40 yards behind Larner. Webb covered six miles in 46 min. 48 sec. ; Carter was second, 200 yards behind, Larner another 120 yards away, and in the next lap Spencer and Rowland passed Larner. Webb completed the seventh mile in 54 min. 51; sec. At 7+ miles he was exactly half a lap ahead of Carter and Spencer. Webbs time at the eighth mile was 62 min. 57 sec., and at the ninth 71 min. 21% sec. Spencer now drew well away from Rowland, and half a mile from home Carter eased for him, whilst in the last lap Larner went up, and drawing level, the three Englishmen finished in a line for second place. Webb during the last mile took matters easily, and won by 180 yards. Heat 2. G. E. Larner, United Kingdom (time, 78 min. 19 sec.), 1 ; R. Harrison, sec.), 2 ; H. E. Kerr, Australasia (78 min. 4oi sec.), United Kingdom (78 min. 3 ; W. J. Palmer, United Kingdom (79 min. 4 sec.), 4 ; G. R. J. Withers, United Kingdom (79 min. 22: sec.), 5 ; S. C. A. Schofield, United Kingdom (81 min. 7: sec.), 6 ; P. A. A. Ruimers, Holland (87 min. 38; sec.), 7 ; E. Rath, Austria (go min. 33: sec.), 8. Also started :J. Huijgen, Holland ; J. Butler, United Kingdom ; E. Rothman, Sweden ; C. P. M. Westergaard, and G. Goulding, Canada. Rothman at once set the pace from Goulding, but at the second lap Palmer and Larner went to the front, Palmers mile time being 7 min. 17gsec. Larner now took the lead, with Palmer in attendance, but at two miles Palmer just led from Larner in 14 min. 44; sec., with Kerr third, 20 yards behind. Larner

67 now went away, but Palmer pluckily hung on, and at 22 miles he lapped Rath ; whilst in the straight for 3 miles the champion lapped the two Dutchmen, his 3 miles time being 22 min. 12: sec. Kerr was still third, 60 yards in front of Withers, Harrison fifth, and Schofield sixth. At 39 miles Rothman was lapped by the leaders, whose time at 4 miles was 29 min. 59,: sec. Butler was lapped in the tenth lap. The leaders time at 5 miles was 37 min. 55 sec. At 6 miles Palmer was a yard ahead of Larner, in 46 min. 2: sec. Larner again took the sec., Harrison third, 35 yards behind. lead, at 7 miles his time being 53 min. In the next lap Larner eased and brought along Harrison, and the three went on together, with Kerr fourth, 55 yards behind. Larner drew out at eight miles, his time being 62 min. 5 5; sec., and at nine miles 70 min. 20 sec. Keeping his men well together, Larner took matters easily, but drew away at the bell from Harrison, Palmer being third. Kerr caught Palmer 350 yards from home, Larner eventually winning by 6 yards. FINAL. m. s. 1. G. E. Larner, United Kingdom 2. E. J. Webb, United Kingdom 3. E. A. Spencer, United Kingdom 4. F. T. Carter, United Kingdom 5. E. E. Larner, United Kingdom 6. W. J. Palmer, United Kingdom

Spencer led off, but early in the first mile G. E. Larner and Webb went away from the field, of whom Spencer, Palmer, and E. E. Larner were next. In the fourth lap Carter passed E. E. Larner. Meanwhile, Webb walked along pluckily in second place. In the sixth mile E. E. Larner was caught again, and he took the leader along at a first-rate pace. Little further description is needed. All the men kept moving in fine style. At nine miles the leader was nearly two minutes inside the previous record, while Webb was also within the previous best. Both went steadily through the last mile, and G. E. Larner eventually won by about 300 yards in 75 min. 57 sec., against Sturgess record of 77 min. 38 sec. 57;. 38%
The half-distance times of each man were as follows :G. E. Larner, 36 min. I 16: sec. ; E. J. Webb, 36 min. 38 sec. ; E. A. Spencer, 39 min. 11 I: sec. ; F. T. 38: Carter, 39 min. 13 sec. ; W. J. Palmer, 39 min. 49 sec. ; E. E. Larner, 41 min. 8 sec. 8: The intermediate times of Larner and Webb in comparison with Sturgess performances are as follows : Miles. Larner. m. s. Webb. m. s. Sturgess. m. s.

* Records.
E 2

68 The Worlds Records at these distances are : Miles. G. E. Larner 1. Amateur 2. Amateur G. E. Larner 3. Professional J. W. Raby 4. Amateur G. E. Larner 5. Professional J. W. Raby 10. Professional J. W. Raby There is no doubt that the Ten Miles Walk was one of the best things in the Games. Both Webb and Larner walked without the semblance Of doubtful action, in the fairest possible manner. G. E. Larner, aged 33, was born at Langley, Bucks, and retired from training in 1905 owing to his duties in the Brighton Police Force, but was fortunately permitted to compete in these Games. E. J. Webb, aged 36, was born at Hackney, went to sea at twelve years old, then entered the Army, and served in the retreat to Ladysmith. After the war he joined 68.35 the tobacco trade, In this race Webb did the nine miles in 68.35& and the ten in 77.31 ; both would have been records if done the day before, and the fact that they were only good enough for second place is one indication (among many similar) of the extremely high merit of these Olympic performances.

XI.THE MARATHON RACE. [From Windsor Castle to the Olympic Stadium in Shepherds Rush, in which 385 yards were run on the cinder track to the finish, below the Royal Box, the runner turning to his left as he entered the track on the side opposite the Royal Box. Total distance, 26 miles 385 yards, or 42263 kilometres.] OFFICIALS. R e f e r e e .The RIGHT HON. LORD DESBOROUGH OF TAPLOW, C.V.O. J u d g e s . Messrs. A. J. EGGLESTON, W. A. BROMMAGE, H. VENN, G. DUXFIELD, J. E. K. STUDD, and J. T. GREEN. Timekeepers. Messrs. W. M. BARNARD, C. J. PRATT, and G. M. TODD. Chief Clerk of the Course.Mr. J. M. ANDREW. Honorary C h i e f M a r s h a l s .Messrs. E. BAMPFYLDE S e c r e t a r y .Mr. P. L. FISHER. (Mayor of Windsor), R. MITCHELL and J. SULLIVAN. Motor and Attendants Marshal. Mr. I. B. DAVIDSON. Medical Attendants and Examiners.Dr. M. J. BULGER, Dr. A. ROSCOE BADGER, Dr. J. SKEVINGTON, Dr. E. MOIR, Dr. T. H. E. MEGGS, Dr. E. WEAVER ADAMS, and Mr. F. MATTHEWS. Clerks of the Course and Stewards. Messrs. D. M. H OGG, L. H. H ARRIS , J. F. D ITCHMAN and B. D AVIES , assisted by members of the Polytechnic Harriers and Cyclists. Baggage Stewards. Messrs. W. FLINT, W. J. ANDREW, B. C. LONG, G. E. WALTER, G. S. DEARLING, and W. E. GURNEY.

69 DISTANCE TABLE. Start Windsor Castle, East Terrace, 700 yards from Queen Victorias Statue.
Miles. Kilometres.

Barnespool Bridge, Eton. Windsor Road, about 50 yards past the Prince of Wales P.H. Corner of High Street, Slough, and Uxbridge Road. On road to Uxbridge. Furze Lodge, on road to Uxbridge. 135 yards past Crooked Billet P.H. Near Ivy Lodge, Iver Heath. Long Bridge, Uxbridge Moor. The Lodge, High Street, Uxbridge. Near Uxbridge Common, on road to Ickenham. On road to Ickenham. On Bridge Approach at Ruislip and Ickenham Station, G. W. and G. C. Railways. On Eastcote Road, near Ruislip School. Near Eastcote Post-office. At Rummens Farm, near Pinner Gas Works. On Pinner Road, opposite Penhurst Villa. 1 Hawthorne Villas. Kenton Road, Harrow. Near grounds of Harrow Nursery Co. At Sudbury and Harrow Road Station, G. C. Railway. At Wembley and Sudbury Station, L. & N. W. Railway. Near sixth milestone at Stonebridge Park. Midland Railway, Stonebridge Park, goods offices. No. 28, Railway Cottages, Willesden Junction. On Wormwood Scrubs. Entrance of Stadium, QQ. RR. SS. kilometres. Full distance.

Note.The Distance Tablets were arranged on the course the reverse of the above, thus the 25th mile from the stadium is at Barnespool Bridge, Eton

70 TIME TABLE, JULY 24, 1908 (APPROXIMATE.)

S TART SLOUGH UXBRIDGE RUISLIP H ARROW WEMBLEY (L. & N. W. Rly.) H ARLESDEN (Clock Tower) W ORMWOOD SCRUBS THE STADIUM

at 2.30 p.m.

The Association acknowledged with many thanks the kindness of the following firms in providing motor cars for the accommodation of officials :S. F. Edge, Ltd. (Napier), The Car Supply Co., Ltd. (A. J. Pinto Leete), The Wolseley Co., Ltd. (E. H. Godbold), Mr. Ernest de Wilton, Mr. A. A. Mansell, Panhard Co. Ltd. (Mr. Ducros), Mr. H. A. Mears, and Mr. P. W. B. Tippetts. The Association also acknowledged the valuable services of the surveyors of the various counties, boroughs and parishes traversed, and to the Metropolitan, Windsor and Bucks Police Forces for their invaluable help in the arrangements. THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS WERE ISSUED TO COMPETITORS. Last Train from Paddington for Competitors and Officials, 1.3 pm. The Race will be under the laws of the A.A.A. The Association will arrange as far as possible for the convenience of competitors en route, but accept no responsibility, and competitors must therefore arrange with their own attendants to look after their requirements. Costume.The following A.A.A. Rule will be strictly enforced : Every competitor must wear complete clothing from the shoulder to the knees (i.e. jersey sleeved to the elbows and loose drawers with slips). Any competitor will be excluded from taking part in the race unless properly attired. Competitors are requested to keep to the left side of the road. Baggage.Competitors must have their clothes packed in one bag and delivered to Baggage Car not later than 2 p.m. Each bag will be numbered and a check given to attendant of competitor. The check must be given to Baggage Attendant when bag is wanted, and it will then be dropped at

71 the next hotel where arrangements have been made for dressing. A Special Car will follow to carry competitors who abandon the race. Dressing accommodation has been arranged at Great Western Railway, Windsor Station, where the authorities have kindly placed all the Waiting and Cloak Rooms at our disposal. En route. Competitors and Attendants will find accommodation at the following hotels for a wash, &c. : Iver Heath, The Crooked Billet. Uxbridge, Kings Arms Hotel. Ruislip, The Poplars. The George Hotel. Harrow, Roxborough Hotel. Sudbury, The Swan. Refreshments en route. The Oxo Company have been appointed Official Caterers and will supply the following free of charge to Competitors : Oxo Athletes Flask, containing Oxo for immediate use. Oxo hot and cold ; Oxo and Soda, Rice Pudding, Raisins, Bananas, Soda and Milk. Stimulants will be available in cases of collapse. Note. Eau de Cologne and sponges can be had for use of competitors from the Oxo representatives who will be stationed at the following positions on the route, where they will erect and manage refreshment booths : Ruislip, The Poplars. Harrow, Railway Bridge. Sudbury, The Swan. Harlesden, Jubilee Clock Tower. Dressing arrangements at the Stadium in Room 28 for all Competitors. ENTRIES.
Australasia 1 LYNCH, J. M. 2 AITKEN, W. V. 3 BLAKE, G. B. South Africa 4 BAKER, J. M, 5 MOLE, A. B. 6 STEVENS, C. E. 7 VINCENT 8 H EFFERON, C. 9 COULCUMBERDOS, G. Greece 10 COUTOULAKIS, A. Finland 11 N I E M I N E N Russia 12 LIND, G. Holland 13 BRAAMS, W. T. 14 VOSBERGEN, A. C. H. 15 WAKKER, W. W. 16 THEUNISSEN, W. F. 17 BUFF, G. J. M. Belgium 18 CELIS, F. 19 DORANDO, P. 20 BLAST, U. 21 BLASI , U. 22 COCCA, A. 23 DURANDO, P. 24 FORSHAW, J. 25 HATCH, S. H. 26 HAYES, J. J. 27 LEE, J. J. 28 LORZ, F. 29 MORRISSEY, T. P. 30 OMARA, W. 31 RYAN, M. J. 32 T HIBEAU , A. 33 T EWANINA, L. 34 WELTON, A. R. 35 WOOD, W. 36 MULLER, H. Italy

U.S.A.

Germany

72
37 REISER , F. Germany 38 NETTLEBECK , P. 39 TORNROS, G. Sweden 40 SVANBERG, J. F. 41 PETERSON, J. G. 42 LANDQUIST, S. L. 43 LINDQVIST, J. 4 4 BERGVALL, J. T. 45 LUNDBERG, J. G. A. 46 RATH, E. Austria 47 KWIETON, F. 48 N OJEDKY Bohemia 49 HANSEN, R. C. Denmark 50 JORGENSEN, J. F. 51 MERENYI, L. Hungary United Kingdom 52 DUNCAN, A. 53 BEALE, J. G. 54 LORD, T. 55 PRICE, J. 56 BARRETT, H. F. 57 THOMPSON, F. B. United Kingdom 58 BARNES, E. 59 WYATT, A. 60 APPLEBY , F. 61 JACK, T. 62 STEVENSON, S. 63 CLARKE, W. T. 64 SIMPSON, F. Canada 65 LAWSON, H. 66 GOLDSBORO, W. 67 GOULDING, G. 68 WOOD, W. 69 COTTER, E. 70 NOSEWORTHY, F. 71 CAFFERY, J. 72 LONGBOAT, T. 73 LISTER, G. 74 BURN, A. 75 TAIT, J.

Railway Arrangements. The G. W. Railway Special Train for Competitors and friends left Paddington at 1.3 p.m., arriving at Windsor at 1.27.
RULES
FOR

MARATHON RACE, P RINTED

OF THE

IN

THE

PROGRAMME

DAY.

1. The Marathon Race of 42 kilometres will be run on a course marked out on public roads by the Amateur Athletic Association, and will finish on the running track in the Stadium, where part of 1 lap will be run. 2. Each competitor must send with his entry a medical certificate of fitness to take part in the race, and must further undergo a medical examination previous to the start by the medical officer or officers appointed by the British Olympic Council. 3. A competitor must at once retire from the race if ordered to do so by a member of the medical staff appointed by the British Olympic Council to patrol the course. 4. No competitor either at the start or during the progress of the race may take or receive any drug. The breach of this rule will operate as an absolute disqualification. 5. The station of each competitor at the start will be determined by lot, and in the event of the competitors being too numerous to be started on a single line, they will be started on two or more lines. 6. Each competitor shall be allowed two attendants, who shall wear on breast and back the same distinctive number as the competitor. 7. The attendants shall during the progress of the race remain behind the competitor they are attending, or be sufficiently in front to prevent

73 them giving pacing assistance. Non-observance of this rule will disqualify the competitor. 8. Attendants will not be permitted to see the start of the contest, but must proceed in a body from the Attendants Assembly Hall at Windsor to the appointed place, 5 miles (8 kilometres) from the start, and join their Upon arrival at the Stadium the attendants competitors as they pass. must leave the competitors and enter at a different gate. No attendant will be allowed on the track. 9. Any competitor whose attendant or attendants obstruct another competitor will be disqualified. 10. Each competitor must provide his own attendants and required refreshments. 11. When a competitor retires from the race, his attendants must also leave the route.
DESCRIPTION
OF THE

ROUTE.

The race starts from Windsor Castle, near East Terrace (700 yards from Queen Victorias Statue), through Thames Street, across Thames Bridge into High Street, Eton, past Eton College and Playing Fields along Windsor Road until High Street, Slough, is reached. Road towards London for 925 yards, then turn to the left into Uxbridge Road, over Great Western Railway, through George Green (Green Man P.H., 4: miles), keep Langley Park on right and continue straight road to Long Bridge (River Colne). After crossing this keep to the left, cross Canal into New Windsor Street, here turn to the left for a few yards and then to the right into Windsor Street, here turn to the left, and keeping Parish Church on the left you enter High Street, Uxbridge. Here turn to the right towards London for about 500 yards, turning to the left at sign-post for Ickenham, crossing Uxbridge Common and keep to the right until Ickenham Village is reached, here turn to the left, crossing Great Western and Great Central Railways (Ruislip and Ickenham Station) for Ruislip. Keeping The Poplars on the right you enter Ruislip Village. Take Eastcote Road (opposite George Hotel) and keep to the right of this and take first turning to right after passing Eastcote Post Office. Three hundred yards past Pinner Gas Works turn sharp to the right, cross Metropolitan Railway, and keep to the right until Roxborough Hotel, Harrow, is reached. Here you re-cross the Metropolitan Railway into Lowlands Road. Run parallel with the railway until Sheepcote Lane is reached ; there turn to the right, and passing the Mitre Hotel on the left you reach the Harrow Road at Sudbury. Here keep to the left until Sudbury Station, L. & N. W. Railway is reached.

74 From here follow tram lines until the Jubilee Clock Tower at Harlesden. Here turn to the right through Station Road, across L. & N. W, Railway at Willesden Junction Station, past Railway Cottages. Take first turning to the left into Old Oak Lane. After passing under the Great Western Railway lines, turn sharp to the left across Old Oak Common and Wormwood Scrubs, keeping the footpath between the Prison and Hammersmith Infirmary into Ducane Road for Exhibition Grounds, where a special entrance will be made and a course roped for competitors to QQ RR SS entrance to Stadium. All vehicular traffic will have to leave competitors at the Clock Tower, Harlesden, and go through High Street to the College Park Hotel, turn to the right here for the Stadium, and enter No. 4 Gate in Wood Lane. The Race was started on the East Lawn of Windsor Castle in the following order :
FIRST ROW. 20. U. Blasi, Italy. 64. F. Simpson, Canada. 66. W. Goldsboro, Canada. 72. T. Longboat, Canada. 9. G. Coulcumberdos, Greece. 58. E. Barnes, United Kingdom. 17. G. Buff, Holland. 34. A. Welton, United States. 25. S. Hatch, United States. 39. G. Tornros, Sweden. 31. M. Ryan, United States. 11. K. Nieminen, Finland. 70. F. Noseworthy, Canada. 29. T. Morrissey, United States. 14. A. Vosbergen, Holland. SECOND ROW. 63. W. Clarke, United Kingdom. 37. F. Reiser, Germany. 50. J. Jorgensen, Denmark. 1. J. Lynch, Australasia. 65. H. Lawson, Canada. 73. G. Lister, Canada. 48. I. Nejedky, Bohemia. 67. G. Goulding, Canada. 62. S. Stevenson, United Kingdom. 60. F. Appleby, United Kingdom. 12. G. Lind, Russia. 59. A. Wyatt, United Kingdom. 55. J. Price, United Kingdom. 53. J. Beale, United Kingdom. 10. A. Coutoulakis, Greece. THIRD ROW. 46. E. Rath, Austria. 26. J. Hayes, United States. 71. J. Caffery, Canada. 68. W. Wood, Canada. 15. W. Wakker, Holland. 43. J. Lindqvist, Sweden. 52. A. Duncan, United Kingdom. 2. W. Aitken, Australasia. 3. G. Blake, Australasia. 54. F. Lord, United Kingdom. 33. L. Tewanina, United States. 4. J. Baker, South Africa. 18. F. Celis, Belgium. 74. A. Burn, Canada. 24. J. Forshaw, United States. FOURTH ROW. 19. Dorando Pietri, Italy. 42. S. Landquist, Sweden. 57. F. B. Thompson, United Kingdom. 69. E. Cotter, Canada. 13. W. Braams, Holland. 49. R. 61. T. Jack, United Hansen, Denmark. 56. H. Barrett, United Kingdom. Kingdom. 8. C. Hefferon, South Africa. 40. J. Svanberg, Sweden. 75. J. Tait, Canada.

On July 24, 1908, at about half-past two in the afternoon, the competitors, arranged in the order given above, were drawn up in four lines near the East Terrace. At a signal from Her Royal Highness the Princess of Wales,

75 who was present with her children, Lord Desborough fired the starting-gun, and the runners dashed off at a lively pace for the gates leading into the Town, and streamed down the hill past the Castle Walls along the road towards Barnespool Bridge, Eton, which marked the conclusion of the first mile. The leaders were W. T. Clarke and E. Barnes (both English) with A. Burn of Canada, while T. Longboat (Canada) and Dorando Pietri (Italy) were close behind. At the mile another Englishman (Jack) was leading and made the pace so hot that the, distance was completed in 5 min. I: sec., fast enough for cold weather in so long a race, but not a little dangerous in the close, warm, and muggy atmosphere of that summer afternoon, when the sun was deceptively strong and there was very little air. Right at the end of the long line of competitors ran two Americans, Forshaw and Tewanina, who finished third and ninth respectively. Jack kept ahead, and finished the second mile in 10 min. 11 sec., and the third in 15 min. 42 sec., with Lord, Duncan and Price (all U.K.) running behind him, and Hefferon (South Africa), and Dorando close at hand. In the third group were Appleby, Clarke, Beale, Barnes, and Barrett (all U.K.), with Burn, Simpson, Longboat, Caffery, and Goldsboro (all Canada), Landquist of Sweden, and Nieminen of Finland. Svanberg, who finished eighth, fresher than anyone else, and attended the Ball given on the evening of the Race, was a long way back, and so was Hayes, who won. Both evidently knew something of the value of running to schedule time in hot weather over so punishing a distance. Jack, however, persisted in the lead at four and at five miles, in spite of tiring rapidly, and as soon as he reached the body of attendants (who were awaiting the competitors five miles from the start) he stopped for rest and refreshment and never really got into his stride again. Price and Lord took on the lead, with Hefferon and Dorando (who watched each other as if they were racing alone) close behind them. Duncans legs were troubling him, and he already had to walk. Price and Lord continued to lead, and at the tenth mile proceeded to race each other, Price gaining about 150 yards, and Hefferon passing Lord who was soon to find that he had taken too much out of himself. At Ruislip (about halfway, thirteen miles) Price was 2oo yards ahead of Hefferon, and Dorando was going easily behind Lord, who laboured in his action. Longboat and Appleby followed, and Aitken, of Australasia, looked as fresh as when he started. The list of times and leaders at various distances, given below, will supply the most important details of the next portion of the race, so it will be enough to say here that at halfway trouble had made its appearance in Clarkes knee, and had it not been for the indomitable resolution with which he answered his trainers

76 appeals to keep going he would never have finished at all. As it was, he came in twelfth, ahead of all the other Englishmen, and it is a significant fact that a runner who was practically crippled beat all the rest of a team for which we had nourished such brilliant aspirations of success. As soon as Price was really tackled by Hefferon on a long uphill stretch he was beaten, and soon afterwards retired from sheer exhaustion; but Lord kept on ahead of Longboat and Dorando at fifteen miles, though he had now dropped two minutes behind Hefferon, and when Longboat challenged him his strength gave out and he had to rest before continuing. He lost ground all the way afterwards and finished fifteenth. Not content with going easily in the lead which he held from the fifteenth mile to the twenty-fourth, Hefferon kept trying to get further away, though Longboat, behind him, had had to retire after a duel with Appleby at Harrow. At this point Hefferon, nearly three minutes ahead of Dorando, increased his pace on the up-grade and took a little more out of himself. Appleby, meanwhile, had to stop to get medical attention for his feet, and though he went on again it was clear he could not last much further. Hefferons twenty-second mile took 8 min. 22 sec., while Dorando ran it in 7 min. 58 sec., drawing nearer all the time, with Hayes a mile behind the leader. At the Clock Tower, Harlesden, Hefferons advantage over Dorando was reduced to two minutes, but Hayes, Welton, and Forshaw (all three Americans) looked stronger than either. The leaders and times up to now had been as follows :
FOUR MILES. h. m. s. T. Jack J. Price F. Lord A. Duncan C. Hefferon Dorando FIVE MILES. T. Jack J. Price F. Lord A. Duncan C. Hefferon Dorando SIX MILES. F. Lord J. Price Dorando SEVEN MILES. F. Lord J. Price Dorando C. Hefferon EIGHT MILES. F. Lord J. Price Dorando C. Hefferon h. m. s.

77
NINE MILES. h. m. s. C. Hefferon Dorando TEN MILES. C. Hefferon Dorando ELEVEN MILES. C. Hefferon Dorando TWELVE J. Price C. Hefferon THIRTEEN J. Price C. Hefferon J. Price C. Hefferon C. Hefferon F. Lord C. Hefferon T. Longboat C. Hefferon T. Longboat (walking) C. Hefferon NINETEEN C. Hefferon C. Hefferon C. Hefferon C. Hefferon C. Hefferon C. Hefferon MILES. F. Lord Dorando MILES. F. Lord Dorando, fourth h. m. s.

F. Lord J. Price J. Price F. Lord J. Price F. Lord

FOURTEEN MILES. F. Lord Dorando, fourth FIFTEEN MILES. Dorando T. Longboat SIXTEEN MILES. Dorando SEVENTEEN MILES. Dorando EIGHTEEN MILES. Dorando MILES. Dorando

TWENTY MILES. Dorando TWENTY-ONE MILES. Dorando TWENTY-TWO MILES. Dorando TWENTY-THREE MILES. Dorando TWENTY-FOUR MILES. * Dorando

* This was the last information that reached the Stadium before the finish of the Race.

78 The crucial point of this long and desperate struggle arrived when Dorando came in sight of Hefferon in Old Oak Common Lane. For the whole of the previous twenty-four miles the route had been more or less lined with spectators, whose ranks thickened as the race passed through towns and villages until the road had all the aspect of the Thames on Boat Race day. The crowd was enthusiastic, but orderly, and it was in response to a tremendous outburst of cheering from the huge throngs of spectators that Dorando made the fatal spurt which took him past Hefferon before they reached Wormwood Scrubs. Soon afterwards, Hayes passed the South African as well. Dorandos premature effort had so exhausted him that he could scarcely reach the entrance of the Stadium, where nearly a hundred thousand spectators were awaiting his arrival, having only heard, from the last telegraphic bulletin posted up in the arena, that a South African was ahead and an Italian second. The pages of an official Report are not the place to go too much into detail as to the finish of this racea finish as unexpected as it was distressing. Dorando was almost unconscious when he reached the cinder path, and turned to his right instead of his left. The slope from the archway was apparently the final stroke. He collapsed upon the track. As it was impossible to leave him there, for it looked as if he might die in the very presence of the Queen and that enormous crowd, the doctors and attendants rushed to his assistance. When he was slightly resuscitated the excitement of his compatriots was so intense that the officials did not put him on an ambulance and send him out, as they would no doubt have done under less agitating circumstances. The first fall and the first assistance rendered had, if it had been only realised, disqualified the Italian for the prize. But there was a generous idea in the heart of nearly every spectator that one who had suffered so much should not be disappointed of the finish he had so nearly reached. That idea, for the moment, dominated everything else until Dorando had staggered past the tape, followed not long afterwards by a runner who was recognised to be Hayes by the number and the American badge upon his breast. The objection to Dorando lodged by the American officials was upheld, and the race was finally given to Hayes after a discussion which took some time owing to the number of witnesses examined and the conflicting nature of much of the evidence. Meanwhile, Dorando lay between life and death for two hours and a half. The tidings that Her Majesty the Queen had given him a Gold Cup, as a token of her gracious sympathy with the courage she had watched, was the first thing that turned the scale in the Italians favour. His heart had been more than half an inch displaced, but by the next morning he looked as well as ever.

79 Hefferon, of South Africa, alone divided Hayes from his two compatriots, Forshaw and Welton, who came in third and fourth respectively. Diplomas of Merit for the Marathon Race were awarded to all the following, who finished in the order and in the times subjoined :
Name and Country. Dorando, Pietri, Italy (disq.) J. J. Hayes, United States C. Hefferon, South Africa J. Forshaw, United States A. R. Welton, United States W. Wood, Canada F. Simpson, Canada H. Lawson, Canada J. F. Svanberg, Sweden L. Tewanina, United States Nieminen, Finland J. Caffery, Canada W. T. Clarke, United Kingdom E. Barnes, United Kingdom S. H. Hatch, United States F. Lord, United Kingdom W. Goldsboro, Canada J. G. Beale, United Kingdom I. Nejedky, Bohemia G. Lind, Russia W. W. Wakker, Holland, G. Tornros, Sweden G. Goulding, Canada J. F. Jorgensen, Denmark A. Burn, Canada E. Rath, Austria R. C. Hansen, Denmark G. Lister, Canada h. m. s.

The glamour surrounding Dorandos effort, and the interest added to it by the graceful action of Queen Alexandra, must not be permitted to obscure the courage with which Hayes had run a stern chase for so long a course, and had just nursed sufficient strength to make his final effort. I f this were not a record confined to the events of the Olympic Games of 1908 I might point out that his success and that of his compatriots was almost as surprising to English critics as was the failure of their own team. But I shall not here enlarge upon the possible causes of either, or upon the subsequent epidemic of Marathon Races which attacked the civilised world from Madison Square Gardens to the Valley of the Nile. Only three of these races I need mention, all of which took place in New York. In the first Dorando beat Hayes, on an inside track with about ten laps to the mile, over the same distance. In the second, Longboat beat Dorando. In the third, Dorando beat Hayes on the Madison Square track in 2 hours 48 minutes, having run 17 miles in 99 minutes 22 seconds,

80 on March 15, 1909. Other races of the same kind are being decided as these pages go to press. All three of the runners just mentioned were beaten by St. Ives, a little French waiter, who did 2 hrs. 40 min. 50 secs., on April 3 ; and as they had before that time become professionals, I will state here the reasons why Longboat was accepted in the Olympic Games of 1908 as an amateur competitor. Enquiries as to the eligibility of Longboat began as soon as it was realised that his previous performances entitled him to representation in the Canadian team; and these enquiries did not come from one source alone. At the meeting of the Canadian Central Olympic Committee, held at Ottawa on April 21, 1908, the following resolution was adopted : That the Board of Governors of the Canadian Amateur Athletic Union be requested to formally certify to this Committee the amateur status of Thomas Longboat, and his complete eligibility to compete in the Olympic Races in England under all the regulations and qualifications governing that contest, copies of same to be forwarded. In reply to this resolution a letter was received by Mr. F. L. C. Pereira, Hon. Secretary of the Canadian Central Olympic Committee, signed by Mr. William Stark, President, and Mr. H. H. Crow, SecretaryTreasurer of the Canadian Amateur Athletic Union, as follows : I beg to inform you that Longboat is registered as an amateur with the C.A.A.U. (No. 1488), and that he is an athlete of good standing, not only according to the amateur definition of the C.A.A.U., but under the regulations and qualifications laid down by the British Olympic Committee to govern entries of amateur athletes. Trusting that this assurance will be satisfactory to you, on behalf of the Canadian Amateur Athletic Union, we beg to remain, &c. . . . This letter is dated from Toronto on April 29, 1908. On May 4 Colonel J. Hanbury-Williams, Chairman of the Canadian Central Olympic Committee, wrote from Ottawa as follows to the Chairman of the British Olympic Council in London, pointing out that the Canadian Amateur Athletic Union controlled the Irish-Canadian Amateur You will observe that Athletic Club, of which Longboat is a member. the Association deem Longboat to be eligible in every particular to participate in the Games as an amateur. The C.A.A.U. is one of two great bodies which control all sport in the Dominion, and has a membership of some 750 to 800 clubs, and its Board of Governors is composed of men of high standing in athletics. One hears a great deal in conversation, and one reads a great deal in the Press, but we have to be guided by clubs of good standing, and the decision seems clear. After this correspondence it was evidently impossible for the British

ATHLETICS. THE MARATHON RACE. H.R.H. THE PRINCESS OF WALES AT THE START AT WINDSOR.

ATHLETICS.THE MARATHON RACE. NO. 19 (DORANDO) COMING THROUGH WILLESDEN.

ATHLETICS.THE MARATHON RACE. NO. 26 (HAYES, U.S.A., THE WINNER) AT WILLESDEN.

ATHLETICS.THE MARATHON RACE. NO. 8 (C. HEFFERON, OF SOUTH AFRICA WHO WON SECOND PRIZE) COMING THROUGH RUISLIP.

ATHLETICS. R. C. EWRY (U.S.A.) WINNING THE STANDING HIGH JUMP.

ATHLETICS. F. C. IRONS (U.S.A.) WINNING THE RUNNING BROAD JUMP.

ATHLETICS. A. C. GILBERT (U.S.A) TIED FOR FIRST PLACE IN THE POLE JUMP.

ATHLETICS. FLANAGANS HAMMER (U.S.A.).

81 Olympic Council to refuse Longboat as a Canadian entry without the most careful consideration of any new evidence that might be subsequently produced. Two days after the Games in London had begun, the following communication was sent to Mr. Fisher, of the Amateur Athletic Association : American Committee, Olympic Games, London. 23 Hind Court, Fleet Street, E.C. July 15, 1908. P. L. Fisher, Esq. 10 John Street, Adelphi, W.C. DEAR SIR,Mr. Gustavus T. Kirby informs me that our protest against professional Thomas Longboat should be sent to you as Secretary,* and should be accompanied by 1. I enclose you herewith 1 1s., and you can consider the communication from our Committee men as our official protest against professional Thomas Longboat. Yours truly, (Signed) JAMES EDWARD SULLIVAN . Mr. Laffan, to whom as Secretary of the British Olympic Council this letter was handed, replied that as Longboats status had been guaranteed by the Canadian Amateur Athletic Union and the Canadian Central Olympic Committee, the British Olympic Council found themselves in presence of a conflict of statements between governing associations, and it was therefore necessary to ask for the evidence on which Longboat had been disqualified in the United States, in order that this evidence might be laid before the British Olympic Council.
* No doubt an involuntary error on the part of Mr. Kirby. The General Regulations for the Olympic Games of 1908 were passed at The Hague in 1907, and were sent to the American Committee about a year before the Games began. Nos. 7 and 8 of these Regulations (printed in Chapter II.) deal with the amateur status of competitors, and No. 13 lays it down that : Objections to the qualifications of a competitor must be made in writing to the Secretary of the British Olympic Council at the earliest moment practicable. Mr. P. L. Fisher was the secretary of the Amateur Athletic Association, one of the twenty leading organisations through which the Council worked. In the General Rules of the Amateur Athletic Association, printed in the daily programme of events, the sentence just quoted was reproduced for the information of all competitors, and of the members of the Comit dHonneur from each country. On May 8, 1908, Mr. J. E. Sullivan, secretary of the American Olympic Committee, and President of the Amateur Athletic Union of the United States, was good enough to inform the American press that the question of Longboats entry in the English Marathon will be settled by the British Olympic Council and the A.A.A. as they see fit, and we shall abide by their decision. We are going to do nothing that would for a moment detract from the success of the Games, but on the contrary will render all possible help to the fixture.
F

82 Mr. Laffan received the following reply : American Committee, Olympic Games. London, England, 1908. 23 Hind Court, Fleet Street, E.C. The Rev. R. S. de Courcy Laffan, 108 Victoria Street, S.W. DEAR SIR, Your communication of July 20 has been received and noted. The A.A.U. of the United States through its officials now in London desire to acquaint you with the fact that, as a matter of record, Thomas Longboat has been declared a professional by the A.A.U. of the United States for an act committed in the United States. This is merely a matter of record. May I suggest that you call upon Mr. Percy L. Fisher, Secretary of the A.A.A., to furnish you with all the information and evidence that he has received in relation to Thomas Longboats doings in the United States and also in Canada? I feel confident that Mr. Percy L. Fisher and the other officials of the A.A.A. can give you information in relation to one Percy Sellen, who has been competing with this Thomas Longboat in America. Yours truly, (Signed) J. E. SULLIVAN. It will be observed that this reply gives none of the facts upon which it charges Thomas Longboat with having been disqualified as an amateur. The representatives of Canada, on the other hand, declared themselves to have a complete answer as regards one Percy Sellen, and it is obvious that under such circumstances the burden of proof lay on the persons who challenged the amateur qualification of an athlete duly entered by his national governing body. When the governing body which enters a competitor vouches for his amateur status, and that amateur status is contested by a foreign governing body, the mere assertion of the latter body cannot be considered as concluding the case against the competitor. All that the British Olympic Council could do under the circumstances was to notify the Canadian manager that Longboat would run under a protest from the manager of the American team. This notification was duly made. Having no evidence offered them, the British Olympic Council could not possibly have given a definite decision before the race, and would not have given one at all without a full inquiry, which would of course have taken place had Longboat won. He did not finish. A word more is necessary with regard to the time taken by Hayes in the Marathon Race of 1908, which was 2 hr. 55 min. 18: sec. In

83 1896, at Athens, the race was one of 24 miles, 1,500 yards, and was won by a Greek in 2 hr. 55 min. 20 sec. In 1900, in Paris, the race (25 miles) was won by a Frenchman in 2 hr. 59 min. 45 sec. At St. Louis, in 1904, the distance was again 24 miles, 1,500 yards, and an American won in 3 hr. 28 min. 53 sec. At Athens, in 1906, the distance was 26 miles, which has remained the standard, and the race was won by Sherring, the Canadian, in less than 2 hr. 52 min., when he finished perfectly fresh ; and in no previous race of the kind are any examples of extreme exhaustion on record. Yet in England, considered to be the home of the long-distance runner, our best man took more than 3& hours to get home. Probably much may be explained by the fact that July 24 was the hottest day on which a race of over 26 miles was ever attempted in this country ; and it is certainly remarkable that Beale, who finished eighteenth in 3 hr. 26 min. 26 sec., should have run 22 miles, 1,420 yards, in 2 hr. 17 min. at the end of April, in the worst possible weather, and was beaten by Duncan, who did not get within the first twenty-seven at the Stadium. Price, too, the Englishman who led at halfway on July 24, but was unable to finish, had done the fine time of 2 hr. 37 min. 13 sec. in the trial over 25 miles in May, which is less than 5 min. slower than the best professional track record for the distance. Dorandos time in March, 1909, was 2 hr. 48 min. 8 sec. for 26 miles on an indoor track ten laps to the mile. He was then a professional, and it took another professional to beat that time in the open air in England. Neither, it will be noticed, was an Englishman. Sherring was within five minutes of the amateur track record for 26 miles at Athens, and I should therefore be inclined to say that the hot and stifling nature of the day had a great deal to do with the result of the English Marathon Race, especially in view of the fact that a Frenchman, doing the same course in England in October, finished in the Stadium, quite fresh, in 2 hr. 37 min. 23 sec., or over half an hour better than our best Englishman in July and 14 min. better than Sherring at Athens. Nationality, taken in conjunction with the exceptional weather, has been suggested as a factor in the results. But if we analyse the first twentyseven to finish in the Stadium in 1908 and if we take it that, owing to being used to warmer weather, the United States provided the winner, the third, the fourth, the ninth, and the fourteenth, or five in all out of their twelve entries ; even if we give South Africa the credit of being represented in these twenty-seven by the second man, out of her entry of five, we are still faced with the fact that Canada provided the fifth, sixth, seventh, eleventh, sixteenth, twenty-second, twenty-fourth, and twenty-seventh, or a record of eight out of her twelve entries, a splendid achievement and worthy F2

84 of Sherrings compatriots ; while Sweden, in Svanberg, who came in eighth, produced the strongest finisher of the lot, besides the man who came in twenty-first ; Finland sent the tenth ; Russia claimed the nineteenth ; and Denmark was represented by the twenty-third and twenty-sixth. Other critics in search of explanations prefer to look more closely at the race itself ; and the first peculiarity that will strike any trained observer is the pace at which the first three miles were done :-5 min. I z sec, 5 min. g g sec., and 5 min. 31 sec. The fourth took 5 min. 36 sec., and the fifth All these times were made by Jack, who did not finish, 5 min. 43 sec. closely accompanied by Lord, who finished fifteenth. The meaning of them will become clearer when it is realised that Sherring at Athens only had to keep up an average of 6 min. 35 sec. to complete the distance 27 min. faster than Lord did it in England. The pace, in fact, was made too hot at the start ; and to this error of judgment is most probably due not merely the ill-success of British runners on a hot day, but the collapse of the Italian, and the excessive fatigue of nearly every one of the competitors except Svanberg. There was no wind, and the continuous crowd from Windsor to London still further diminished what little air there was.

XII.STANDING BROAD JUMP.

The Rule of the A.A.A. with regard to this event was printed in the programme as follows :
The feet of the competitor may be placed in any position, but shall leave the ground only once in making an attempt to jump. When the feet are lifted from the ground twice, or two springs are made in making the attempt, it shall count as a trial jump without result. A competitor may rock forward and back, lifting his heels and toes alternately from the ground, but may not lift either foot clear of the ground, or slide it along the ground in any direction. In any other respects the rule governing the Running Broad Jump shall also govern the Standing Broad Jump. ft. in. metres R. C. Ewry, United States C. Tsiclitiras, Greece M. J. Sheridan, United States J. A. Biller, United States O. R. B. Ekberg, Sweden Also competed : F. C. Irons, United States ; E. Koops, Holland ; L. J. Cornish, United Kingdom ; Platt Adams, United States ; L. H. G. Stafford, United Kingdom ; J. Jakobsson, Finland ; B. Evers, Holland ; W. E. B. Henderson, United Kingdom ; S. Muenz, United States ; F. Leroy Holmes, United States ; F. O. Kitching, United Kingdom ; G. Barber, Canada ; T. J. Ahearne, United Kingdom ; K. Langkjoer, Denmark ; H. Jardin, France ; Dr. A. Mallwitz, Germany ; W. H. Bleaden, United Kingdom ; J. Hoogveld, Holland ; L. Dupont, Belgium ; A. Motte, France.

85 Ray Ewry had won this event in Paris, St. Louis, and at the Athenian Games of 1906, and is a veteran performer about whose success there was never any doubt, except when Tsiclitiras of Pylos got near him in this event and still closer in the next. The young Greek was not 20 years old, and may still improve. Ewrys height was 6 ft. 1 in. and his weight 11 st. 8 lb. He did 11 ft. 4; in. in this event at St. Louis in 1904, which is the Olympic record. The worlds record (professional) is 12 ft. 6$ in., by W. Barker at Wigan in May, 1904. The Irish record is said to be 12 ft. gi in. by J. Chandler, but I have no official confirmation of this. Diplomas of Merit for the Standing Broad Jump were awarded to J. A. Biller, of the United States, and O. R. B. Ekberg, of Sweden.

XIII.STANDING HIGH JUMP. The Rule of the A.A.A. with regard to this event was printed in the programme as follows :
The feet of the competitor may be placed in any position, but shall leave the ground only once in making an attempt to jump. When the feet are lifted from the ground twice, or two springs are made in making the attempt, it shall count as a trial jump without result. A competitor may rock forward and backward, lifting heels and toes alternately from the ground, but may not lift either foot clear from the ground or slide it along the ground in any direction. With this exception the rules are similar to the Running High Jump. ft. in. R. C. Ewry, United States C. Tsiclitiras, Greece J. A. Biller, United States F. Leroy Holmes, United States Dead heat for second place, both being awarded silver medals. Also competed :P. Adams, United States (4 ft. 10 in.) ; G. Andr, France (4 ft. 10 in.) ; A. Motte, France (4 ft. 10 in.) ; L. DuPont, Belgium ; W. E. B. Henderson, United Kingdom ; W. Blijstad, Norway ; F. C. Irons, United States ; A. Mallwitz, Germany ; K. Langkjoer, Denmark (all of whom cleared 4 ft. 8 in.) ; A. E. Flaxman: United Kingdom ; L. H. G. Stafford, United Kingdom ; E. H. Hutcheon, Australia ; M. J. Sheridan, United States ; G. Barber, Canada ; K. Fryksdal, Sweden ; L. Robertson, United States ; A. Bengtsson, Sweden, and H. Jardin, France. metres

The Olympic record was set at 5 ft. 43 in. by Ewry at Paris in 1900, but he did another inch higher next year in New York. The worlds record appears to be 6 ft., which was done by J. Darby (professional) with his ankles bound together. A Diploma of Merit for the Standing High Jump was awarded to F. L. Holmes, an American.

86
XIV.RUNNING BROAD JUMP.

The Rule of the A.A.A with regard to this event was printed in the programme as follows :
Each competitor shall be allowed three jumps, and the best three competitors of the first trial shall be allowed three more tries each for the final. The farthest jump of all shall win. If any competitor fall back or step back, after jumping, o r crosses the taking-off line with either foot, or so swerves aside that he pass beyond the taking-off line, such jump shall not be measured, but it shall be counted against the competitor as one jump. All jumps shall be measured to the taking-off line from the edge of the heel-mark nearest that line, along a line perpendicular to that line. ft. in. F. C. Irons, United States D. Kelly, United States C. Bricker, Canada E. T. Cooke, United States J. J. Brennan, United States A. Weinstein, Germany Also competed :E. Holics, Hungary ; W. H. Bleaden, United Kingdom ; S. H. Bellah, United States ; A. C. B. Bellerby, United Kingdom ; G. Barber, Canada ; C. Silfverstrand, Sweden ; T. J. Ahearne, United Kingdom ; C. H. Williams, United Kingdom ; J. F. OConnell, United States ; F. Mountpleasant, United States ; B. Evers, Holland ; W. F. C. Watt, United Kingdom ; F. Lukeman, Canada ; D. Murray, United Kingdom ; H. K. Wieslander, Sweden ; H. von Bonninghausen, Germany ; J. Hoovgeld, Holland ; H. M. Olsen, Norway ; A. Hoffman, Germany ; K. A. Ringstrand, Sweden ; J. G. Macdonald, Canada ; G. Kovesdy, Hungary ; H. Gutierrez, France ; L. J. Cornish, United Kingdom. metres

F. C. Irons, aged 22, was 5 ft.558 in. tall, and weighed 9 st. 7 lb., and 58 in. tall, and weighed st. lb., and 58 . improved remarkably during practice. The Olympic record of 24 ft. 1 in., by Prinstein, at St. Louis in 1904, inches further on another was thus beaten in London ; Prinstein did occasion four years before ; and the worlds record (amateur) is held by P. OConnor who jumped 24 ft. 1 1 $ in. at Dublin in 1901. Diplomas of Merit for the Running Broad Jump were awarded to E. T. Cooke and J. J. Brennan, both Americans.

XV.RUNNING HIGH JUMP.

The Rule of the A.A.A. with regard to this event was printed in the programme as follows :
The Judges shall decide the height of the bar at starting, and at each successive elevation. Each competitor shall be allowed three jumps at each height. At each height each competitor shall take one trial in order as on programme ; those failing shall have a second trial in similar order, after which those having failed twice shall make their third trial. Crossing the scratch without displacing the bar shall not count as one jump. All measurements shall be made from the ground to the centre of the bar. Neither diving nor somersaulting shall be permitted.

87
ft. in. metres 1. H. F. Porter, United States Con Leahy, United Kingdom Dr. S. Somody, Hungary G. Andre, France 0. H. A. Gidney, United States 0. T. Moffitt, United States 0 . J. N. Patterson, United States Dead heat for second place, all being awarded silver medals. Also competed :E. E. Leader, United Kingdom ; J. Haluzsiuszky, Hungary ; A. C. B. Bellerby, United Kingdom ; A. Hedenlund, jun., Sweden ; L. Pihkala, Finland ; H. M. Olsen, Norway ; P. J. Leahy, United Kingdom ; J. Garfield Macdonald, Canada ; L. Dupont. Belgium ; H. N. van Leeuwen, Holland ; F. Hellstedt, Sweden ; G. Barber, Canada ; G. H. Wilson, United Kingdom.

H. F. Porter, aged 26, was born at Bridgeport, Connecticut, and was 6 ft. z$ in. tall. He weighed 13 st. 3 lb. The Olympic record of 6 ft. 2; in., by J. K. Baxter at Paris in 1904, was thus beaten, and Porter had done 6 ft. 3+ in. before leaving America in 1908. Con Leahy, who tied with two others for second place in London with 6 ft. 2 in., is brother of P. J. Leahy, who failed in these Games, but cleared 6 ft. 48 in, in Ireland in 1898. The worlds record is held by M. F. Sweeney (amateur) who did 6 ft. 5% in. at New York in 1895. Diplomas of Merit for the Running High Jump were awarded to H. A. Gidney, T. Moffitt, and J. N. Patterson, all Americans.
XVI.RUNNING HOP, STEP, AND JUMP.

The Rule of the A.A.A. with regard to this event was printed in the programme as follows :
The competitor shall first land upon the same foot with which he shall have taken off. The reverse foot shall be used for the second landing, and both feet shall be used for the third landing. In all other respects the rules governing the Running Broad Jump shall also govern the Running Hop, Step and Jump. ft. in. metres 1. T. J. Ahearne, United Kingdom 2. J. Garfield Macdonald, Canada 3. E. Larsen, Norway 4. C. Bricker, Canada 5. Platt Adams, United States 6. F. Mountpleasant, United States Also competed :D. Muller, Greece ; H. M. Olsen, Norway ; F. C. Irons, United States ; M. J. Sheridan, United States ; K. Fryksdal, Sweden ; C. R. Dugmore, United Kingdom ; D. A. Stupart, South Africa ; O. Guttormsen, Norway : J. J. Brennan, United States ; D. R. Sherman, United States; S. H. Bellah, United States ; G. M. Mayberry, United Kingdom ; M. D. Dineen, United Kingdom. Sheridan injured his foot in his first attempt, and had to retire.

88 This was the only success scored by the United Kingdom in the various jumps, but was a very fine performance of its kind, for it is only three inches behind the worlds record (amateur), made by W. McManus at Cootamundra in New South Wales in 1887. T. J. Ahearne, aged 22, had done a long jump of 23 ft. z+, in. in 1907. He stood 5 ft. 7 in., and weighed about 9 st. Macdonald of Nova Scotia never did so far before as he accomplished at these Games. Diplomas of Merit for the Hop, Step and Jump were awarded to P. Adams of the United States, and C. Bricker, Canada.
XVII.POLE JUMP.

The Rule of the A.A.A. with regard to this event was printed in the programme as follows :
Each competitor shall be allowed three jumps at each height. Crossing the scratch without displacing the bar shall not count as one jump. All measurements shall be made from the ground to the centre of the bar. Three attempts, even if the cross-bar be not displaced, shall count as one jump. The Judges shall decide the height of the bar at starting and at each successive elevation. ft. in. metres E. T. Cooke, United States A. C. Gilbert, United States E. B. Archibald, Canada C. S. Jacobs, United States B. Soderstrom, Sweden S. H. Bellah, United States G. Banikas, Greece C. Szathmary, Hungary

The first two tied and were awarded gold medals ; the next three tied, and each received bronze medals. Also competed :B. Evers, Holland ; E. Countouriotis, Greece ; R. Pascarel, France ; H. de Veenhuijsen, Holland; C. Silfverstrand, Sweden; G. Koeger, France.

This was a very close competition. Archibald, who jumped 12 ft. 58 in. in Canada and 12 feet in the Stadium on July 4, 1908, did not do as well as was confidently expected of him in the London Games. He was 24 years Although he only tied for third old, 12 st. 7 lb., and 6 feet tall. place he beat the Olympic record (as did four other competitors) of 11 ft. 6 in., by Dvorak, at St. Louis in 1904. The worlds record (amateur) is held by W. R. Dray, who first cleared 12 ft. 5$ in. at Yale in 1907, and then got over the bar when it was raised 4 inches higher, to 12 ft. g& in. No Diplomas of Merit for the Pole Jump were awarded, but S. H. Bellah, U.S.A., and G. Banikas, of Greece, equalled the previous Olympic record. E. T. Cooke was 19 years old, born in Ohio, and won the

5$

89 American championship of 1907 with 12 ft. 3 in. He did well in London partly because he was one of the few competitors whose composure was not affected by the trying scenes at the finish of the Marathon Race. He weighed 10 st. 6 lb. and was 5 ft. 10; in. tall. His compatriot, A. C. Gilbert, was 24 years old, 5 ft. 7 in. tall, and weighed 10 st. 5 lb. He had done the splendid jump of 12 ft. 7s in. before leaving America.
XVIII.THROWING THE HAMMER.

The Rule of the A.A.A. with regard to this event was printed in the programme as follows :
The head and handle may be of any size, shape and material, provided that the length of the complete implement shall not be more than four feet (1219 metres) and its weight not less than sixteen pounds (7258 kilos.). The competitor may assume any position he chooses, and use either one or both hands. All throws shall be made from a circle seven feet (2134 metres) in diameter. Each competitor shall be allowed three throws, and the best three competitors of the first trial shall be allowed three more throws each. The farthest throw of all shall win. All distances shall be measured from the circumference of the circle to the first pitch of the hammer along a line drawn from that pitch to the centre of the circle. Foul throws and letting go of the hammer in an attempt shall count as trial throws. ft. in. metres 1. J. J. Flanagan, United States 2. M. J. McGrath, United States 3. C. Walsh, Canada 4. T. R. Nicolson, United Kingdom 5. L. J. Talbot, United States 6. M. F. Horr, United States 6+ Also threw : S. P. Gillis, United States (149 ft. 6+ in.) ; E. V. Lemming, 6 Sweden ; R. H. Lindsay Watson, United Kingdom ; J. Murray, United Kingdom ; A. H. Fyffe, United Kingdom ; H. A. Leeke, United Kingdom ; E. E. B. May, United Kingdom ; R. Olsson, Sweden ; H. Agger, Denmark ; E. Mudin, Hungary ; J. Wagner, Switzerland ; L. Uetwiller, Germany.
6$

It was expected that McGrath would win, but a broken ligament had curtailed his practice, and Flanagan scored with a magnificent throw, 2 ft. 3 in. further than his own Olympic record, made at St. Louis in 1904, and within 3 ft. 3 in. of the American amateur record he set up in 1907. With an unlimited run and follow he did 175 ft. 8 in. in New York in 1907. He was 35 years old, born in Limerick, and in 1900 he won the e English championship by throwing the old style of hammer (with a wooden handle) 163 ft. 4 in. McGrath was 29 years old, born in Tipperary, and won the Canadian championship of 1907 with 173 ft. 7 in. Diplomas of Merit for Throwing the Hammer were awarded to T. R. Nicolson, United Kingdom, and to L. J. Talbot and M. F. Horr, both Americans.

90
XIX.PUTTING THE WEIGHT.

The Rule of the A.A.A. with regard to this event was printed in the programme as follows :
The Weight shall be put from the shoulder with one hand only, and without follow from a seven feet (2134 metres) circle. The weight shall be of iron and spherical, and shall weigh sixteen pounds (7258 kilos.). All puts shall be measured from the circumference of the circle to the first pitch of the weight along a line drawn from that Pitch to the centre of the circle. Each competitor shall be allowed three puts, and the best three competitors of the first trial shall be allowed three more puts each. The farthest put of all shall win. In Throwing the Hammer and Putting the Weight crossing the scratch shall count as a try. metres ft. in. 1. R. W. Rose, United States 2. D. Horgan, United Kingdom 3. J. C. Garrels, United States 4. W. W. Coe, United States Also competed :J. Halme, Finland ; L. J. Talbot, United States ; C. Lagarde, France ; H. A. Leeke, United Kingdom ; E. Barrett, United Kingdom ; I. Mudin, Hungary ; J. Sauli, Finland ; M. J. Sheridan, United States ; M. Doriza, Greece ; M. F. Horr, United States ; W. Jarvinen, Finland ; H. K, Wieslander, Sweden ; T. R. Nicolson, United Kingdom ; J. Barrett, United Kingdom ; E. Niklander, Finland ; E. Mudin, Hungary ; B. Zilliacus, Finland ; W. G. Burroughes, United States ; A. Tison, France ; N. Georgandas, Greece ; A. Halse, Norway ; M. Koczan, Hungary.

Only bad weather prevented a wonderful performance being registered by Rose, who was seen by the writer to put the weight 50 feet in practice in the Stadium soon after he had landed. As it was he did 47 ft. 2 in. in the rain, after winning the event. He made the worlds record at Montreal in Canada with 49 ft. 72 in. in 1907, and his Olympic record at St. Louis in 1904 was 48 ft. 7 in. He was 22 years old, 6 ft. 5 in. tall, and weighed Horgan, of Cork, was 39, stood 5 ft. 10 in., and 16 st. 6 lb. stripped. weighed 17 st. No Diplomas of Merit were awarded in this event.
XX.TUG OF WAR.

The Rule of the A.A.A. with regard to this event was printed in the programme as follows :
(a) The teams shall consist of equal numbers (8) of competitors. The rope shall be of sufficient length to allow for a pull of twelve feet (3658 metres) and for twelve feet (3658 metres) slack at each end, together with four feet (1219 metres) for each competitor ; it shall not be less than four inches (102 metres) in circumference, and shall be without knots or other holdings for the hands. A centre tape shall be affixed to the centre of the rope, and six feet (1829 metres) on each side of the centre tape two side tapes shall be affixed to the rope. A centre line shall be marked on the ground, and six feet (1829 metres) on either side of the centre line two side lines parallel thereto. At the start the rope shall be taut, and the centre tape shall be over the centre line and the competitors shall be outside the side lines. During no part of the pull shall the rope be tied.

91
(b) The start shall be by word of mouth. During no part of the pull shall the foot of any competitor go beyond the centre line. A pull shall be won when one team shall have pulled the side tape of the opposing side over their own side line or a competitor of the opposing side goes over the centre line. No competitor shall wear prepared boots or shoes or boots or shoes with any projecting nails, tips, sprigs, points, hollows or projections of any kind. No competitor shall make any hole in the ground with his feet or in any other way before the start. No competitor shall wilfully touch the ground with any part of his person but his feet. All heats shall be won by two pulls out of three. FIRST ROUND. Heat 1. United Kingdom, Team II. (Liverpool Police) : C. Foden (captain), P. Philbin, J. M. Clarke, T. Butler, A. Kidd, G. Smith, T. Swindlehurst, D. McD. Lowey, and W. Gregganbeat United States : M. J. Sheridan (captain), W. G. Burroughs, A. K. Dearborn, J. J. Flanagan, M. J. McGrath, R. Rose, L. J. Talbot, W. W. Coe, and M. F. Horr. The Police team at the word Heave pulled their opponents over with a rush. The Americans then withdrew. Sweden, a bye. United Kingdom, Team I., a bye. United Kingdom, Team III., a bye. SECOND ROUND. Heat 1. United Kingdom, Team II. (Liverpool Police) beat Sweden : E. Johannson, K. R. Johanson, C. E. Johansson, K. G. Nilsson, F. O. Fast, K. E. Krook, A. Almqvist, and A. H. Woolgarthby 2 pulls to 0. Heat 2. United Kingdom, Team I. (City Police) : H. Duke (captain), W. Hirons, F. W. Goodfellow, J. Shepherd, A. Ireton, E. Barrett, E. A. Mills, F. H. Humphreys, and F. Merrimanbeat United Kingdom, Team III. (K Division Police) : T. J. Williams (captain), W. B. Tammas, W. Slade, A. Munro, E. W. Ebbage, T. Homewood, W. Chaffe, J. Woodget, and J. Dowlerby 2 pulls to 0. This was a grand contest, the first pull being a very lengthy affair, the City In scoring after the K Division had more than once recovered lost ground. the second the City were still stronger, and they won in a rather easier manner. FINAL. United Kingdom, Team I. (City Police) st. lb. st. lb. E. A. Mills W. Hirons A. Ireton F. W. Goodfellow F. Merriman E. Barrett H. Duke (captain) J. Shepherd F. H. Humphreys United Kingdom, Team II. (Liverpool Police) T. Swindlehurst P. Philbin D. McD. Lowey J. M. Clarke W. Greggan T. Butler C. Foden (captain) A. Kidd G. Smith United Kingdom, Team III. (K Division Police) W. Chaffe W. B. Tammas J. Woodget W. Slade J. Dowler A. Munro T. J. Williams (captain) E. W. Ebbage T. Homewood

92 The contest, if severe, was not a lengthy one. The City Police held their men splendidly, and although Liverpool did their utmost in the first pull they could not make much impression on the City, who gradually gained. As a last resource, the Liverpool men tried the turn, but before they were fairly fixed at that the City had pulled them over. The second pull was an equally good one, but the Londoners had the mastery, and after a really strenuous struggle they gained a great victory by two pulls to none. The Swedes not turning out, K Division walked over for third medals. A few words of explanation are necessary as to a protest raised by certain members of the American Committee in the first round. The Tug of War is a game in which the English teams had carefully specialised, and they knew their business well. The Americans were magnificent athletes, but were not aware how to tie an anchor or how to place their men. They were, in fact, not used to the game at all, and were very naturally surprised to find how little their strength availed against skilful combination. The English policemen wore their ordinary duty boots, as it is their invariable custom to pull in these contests in such boots which have become too shabby for street duty. When they heard that remarks had been made as to the nature of their footwear, they offered to pull in their socks. It is right to add that the American team did not support the protest made, and it was ruled out. The winning team owed much of their victory to the splendid coaching of Inspector Duke. He trained the men for five months, and their condition was much admired.
XXI.THREE MILE TEAM RACE (4828 kilometres). FIRST ROUND. Heat 1. H. A. Wilson, A. J. Robertson, W. Coales, and J. E. Deakin, all United Kingdom, time, 15 min. 52 sec., dead-heat for 1 ; P. Pagliani, Italy, 15 min. 22: sec., 5 ; M. Cartesegna, Italy, 16 min. 26 sec., 6 ; A. C. H. Vosbergen, Holland, 17 min. 1 5; sec., 7 ; W. W. Wakker, Holland, 17 min. 46: sec., 8. Also ran :Italy, E. Giovanoli, P. Dorando, and E. Lunghi ; Holland, W. T. Braams ; United Kingdom, N. F. Hallows. This was not an exciting race. Giovanoli led the first lap at a good pace, after which the British contingent went in front, and they were never seriously tackled, although Pagliani hung on most tenaciously. Hallows retired early in the second mile, but our other men kept together until the last lap, and coming up the straight in line finished a dead-heat ; Pagliani about 80 yards in the rear. Points : England, 6. No other team finished. Heat 2. J. Bouin, France, 14 min. 53 sec., 1 ; J. L. Eisele, United States, 14 min. 55 sec., 2 ; H. L. Trube, United States, 14 min. 55 sec., 3 ; L. de B. de Fleurac, France, 14 min. 56 sec., 4 ; G. V. Bonhag, United States, 14 min. 56$ sec., 5 ; J. F. Svanberg, Sweden, 14 min. 57 sec., 6 ; J. G. Peterson, Sweden, 15 min. 141 sec., 7 ; E. M. Dahl, Sweden, 15 min. 21 sec., 8 ; A. J. A. Wiegant, Sweden 15 min. 33 sec., 9 ; J. Dreher, France, 15 min. 37i sec., 10 ; G. A, Dull, United States, 15 min. 37: sec., 11 ; S. L. Landqvist, Sweden, 15 min. 46$ sec., 12 ; A. Fayollat, France, 15 min. 52: sec., 13 ; P. Lijandier, France, 15 min. 56: sec., 14.

93
This was a good race. J. F. Svanberg went off with the lead, and was soon 20 yards ahead. He kept his place for the first mile, when the others drew up, the lead lying alternately between Bouin, Eisele, and Trube, who were never far apart. In the last mile de Fleurac went ahead and the pace quickened, the Swedes being left in the rear, but the Frenchmen were not to be shaken off, and in a fine last lap Bouin got clear away, and won by 20 yards ; the other five practically a dead-heat. Team placings : America, 2, 3, 510 points ; France, 1, 4, 1015 ; Sweden, 6, 7, 821. FINAL. 1. J. E. Deakin, United Kingdom 2. A. J. Robertson, United Kingdom 3. W. Coales, United Kingdom 4. J. L. Eisele, United States 5. H. A. Wilson, United Kingdom 6. G. V. Bonhag, United States 7. N. F. Hallows, United Kingdom 8. L. de B. de Fleurac, France 9. H. L. Trube, United States 10. G. A. Dull, United States 11. J. Dreher, France 12. H. W. Conn, United States 13. P. Lijandier, France TEAM
UNITED KINGDOM.

m. s.

PLACINGS.
STATES. FRANCE.

UNITED

J. E. Deakin A. J. Robertson W. Coales

J. L. Eisele G. V. Bonhag H. L. Trube

L. de Fleurac J. Dreher P. Lijandier

Robertson led for the first two laps, when Deakin went up, Coales next taking a turn, then Deakin and Robertson going again, The Americans came up ere two miles were covered, and Eisele of their team kept in the front rank. Wilson was dropped, and Hallows tailed off with the second American division. Eisele, however, refused to be left. In the last lap Deakin came away with a fine spurt, and won by thirty yards. Eisele came up the straight in good style, but Robertson, in a splendid spurt, kept beside Coales and encouraged him to stay ahead, so that the United Kingdom were thus able to score the first three places and win well. But Eisele showed fine form and great determination. It is suspected by experienced watch-holders that the time officially returned for Deakin was an error, for he won by thirty yards at least, and must have done about 14 min. 35 sec. The intermediate times were 4.42; for the first mile, and 9.44% for the second. The worlds record (amateur) for three miles is 14.17 2, done by A. Shrubb at Stamford Bridge in 1903. J. E. Deakin was 29 years old, born near Stoke-on-Trent, and served in South Africa. He was 5 ft. 7 in, high, and weighed 9 st. 3 lb. A. J. Robertson was 29 also, born near Sheffield, and was a good cyclist before making his mark across country.

94
XXII.THREE THOUSAND FIVE HUNDRED METRES WALK (Two Miles 307 Yards). Heat 1 .G. E. Larner, United Kingdom (time, 15 min. 32 sec.), 1 ; H. E. Kerr, Australasia (16 min. 23 sec.), 2 ; W. J. Palmer, United Kingdom (16 min. 33 sec.), 3 ; P. Gunia, Germany (16 min. 38 sec.), 4 ; S. L. Sarel, United Kingdom (17 min. 6 sec.), 5 ; A. B. S. Hojme, Denmark (17 min. 23: sec.), 6 ; J. Goetzee, Holland (17 min. 37; sec.), 7 ; B. C. Brown, United Kingdom, 0. Larner at once went to the front, and at the second lap led Palmer and Kerr by seven yards. Shortly afterwards Brown was disqualified. In the next lap Kerr led Gunia and Palmer, with Larner 50 yards ahead. The German now began to drop back, and at the bell Larner led by 70 yards from Kerr, with Palmer next, and eventually Larner won by 120 yards. Heat 2. E. J. Webb, United Kingdom (time, 15 min. 175 sec.), 1 ; C. P. M. Westergaard, Denmark (17 min. 7 sec.), 2 ; E. Rothman, Sweden (17 min. 40: sec.), 3 ; W. F. Winkelmann, Holland (17 min. 57: sec.), 4 ; E. Drubina, Hungary (18 min. 44: sec.), 5 ; P. A. A. Ruimers, Holland (18 min. 44: sec.), 6. Also competed :R. Quinn. United Kingdom ; J. J. Reid, United Kingdom. Webb went away at once, and in the first half-lap led by 15 yards from Quinn, Westergaard, and Reid. At a mile he was a long way ahead, and at this point Reid was disqualified. The same fate befel Quinn soon afterwards, and Webb won easily. The winners two miles time was 14 min. 0-f; sec. Heat 3.G. Goulding, Canada (time, 15 min. 54 sec.), 1 ; R. Harrison, United 4: Kingdom (16 min. 4 sec.), 2 ; A. E. M. Rowland, Australasia (16 min. 8 : sec.), 3 ; E. E. Larner, United Kingdom (16 min. 10 sec.), 4; J. Butler, United Kingdom 33: (16 min. 17 sec.), 5 ; R. Wilhelm, Germany (17 min. 33 sec.), 6 ; J. Huijgen, Holland (17 min. 43 sec.), 7. Goulding at once led, and in the second lap he was 20 yards ahead of Harrison, Larner, and Wilhelm, but a quarter of a mile farther on the New Zealander took second place. With a mile to go, the Canadian was 40 yards ahead of Harrison, Rowland, and Larner, seven yards covering them. In the next lap Harrison made his effort, but to no purpose, for Goulding, going on, finished very strongly, and won by 45 yards. m. s. 1. G. E. Larner, United Kingdom 2. E. J. Webb, United Kingdom 3. H. E. Kerr, Australasia 4. G. Goulding, Canada 5. A. E. M. Rowland, Australasia 6. C. P. M. Westergaard, Denmark 7. E. Rothman, Sweden Also competed :R. Harrison, United Kingdom ; W. J. Palmer, United Kingdom. FINAL.

Webb led at a good pace, followed by Harrison and Goulding. In the second lap Larner drew up to Webb, and Harrison, who was following them closely, was ruled out. Webb and Larner now went away, Rothman being a long way behind last. The mile time was 6 min. 44 sec., Larner just ahead of Webb, with Kerr third. Larner now began to draw away, and passed the two miles in 13 min. 43 sec., 9 sec. ahead of Webb. 43: 92 Kerrs time was approximately 14 min. 22 sec., Gouldings 14 min. 33 sec., and Rowlands 14 min. 44 sec. Coming up the straight finely, Larner won by about forty-five yards.

95 Larner won the A.A.A. Championship for two miles, in 1904, in 13 min. 57 g- sec., and has actually done the distance in 13 min. 1I:- sec. (a worlds record) ; while he has walked 8 miles 43gb yards in the hour. H. E. Kerr of New Zealand was over 6 ft. tall. A Diploma of Merit for this race was awarded to G. Moulding, of Canada.
XXIII.THROWING THE DISCUS (Free Style).

The Rule of the A.A.A. with regard to this event was printed in the programme as follows :
The Discus shall be 2 kilogrammes (44 lbs.) in weight and 22 centimetres (87 inches) in diameter. It shall be made of wood with a smooth iron rim, and shall be capped on each face with a smooth metal plate. Every competitor must throw with a discus provided by the Committee. Free Style. (a) The Discus is thrown from a circle 250 metres (2733 yards) in diameter. (b) From the centre of this circle a straight line shall be drawn in the direction in which the competitors are to throw. At an angle of forty-five degrees on either side of this line shall be drawn side lines. To constitute a valid throw the discus must first strike the ground in the space between these side lines. (c) The method of throwing is at the absolute discretion of each competitor. (d) The thrower must remain entirely within the circle until the discus first strikes the ground, otherwise the throw is invalid. (e) To measure the distance thrown, a straight line is taken from the point at which the discus first strikes the ground to the centre of the circle. The distance thrown is the portion of this line which lies outside the circle. ft. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. M. M. M. W. A. J. Sheridan, United States H. Giffin, United States F. Horr, United States Jarvinen, Finland K. Dearborn, United States in. metres

This was thrown in sections. At the end of the first round Giffin was ahead with the throw given above, but in the deciding round Sheridan got in a fine throw and won.
The other competitors were :C. Lagarde, France ; H. A. Leeke, United Kingdom ; E. E. B. May, United Kingdom ; F. Jesina, Hungary ; W. E. B. Henderson, Great Britain ; A. E. Flaxman, United Kingdom ; W. G. Burroughes, United States; L. Pihkala, Finland; A. Salovaara, Finland ; J. J. Flanagan, United States ; M. Koczan, Hungary ; G. Luntzer, Hungary ; M. Collins, United Kingdom ; L. Wilskman, Finland ; J. C. Garrels, United States ; H. K. Wieslander, Sweden ; M. Sustera, Bohemia, S. P. Gillis, United States ; T. Nejstrom, Sweden ; F. Soncek, Bohemia ; J. Murray, United Kingdom ; A. Tison, France ; I. Mudin, Hungary ; N. Georgandas, Greece ; E. Niklander, Finland ; J. Sauli, Finland ; L. Uetwiller, Germany ; F. Fleetwood, Sweden ; M. Doriza, Greece ; E. Barrett, United Kingdom ; U. Avattaneo, Italy ; J. Falchenberg, Norway ; L. J. Talbot, United States ; E. Welz, Germany ; E. V. Lemming, Sweden ; O. Nilsson, Sweden.

A Diploma of Merit was awarded to W. Jarvinen, of Finland.

96
XXIV.THROWING THE DISCUS (as at Athens). The Rule of the A.A.A. with regard to this event was printed in the programme as follows : (3 (a) The Discus is thrown from a rectangular pedestal 80 centimetres 31 I; inches) (27+ inches) broad, sloping forward from a height of long and 70 centimetres 27 15 centimetres (6 inches) at the back to a height of 5 centimetres (2 inches) at the front. (b) The method of throwing is as follows : The thrower places himself on the pedestal with the feet apart, and holding the discus in either hand. He then grasps it with both hands and raises them without letting go the discus with either, extending the rest of his body at the same time in the same direction. After that he turns the trunk to the right and bends sharply, so as to bring the left hand, which has now left hold of the discus, to the right knee, and the right hand, still holding the discus, as far back as possible. At this moment the right foot should be forward and both legs bent ; the right foot rests full on the sole, and the left on the toes only. Then by a sharp and simultaneous extension of the whole body the thrower throws the discus forward. (c) The thrower may leave the pedestal at the moment of throwing. (d) The measurement of the throw shall be from the point at which the discus first strikes the ground to the centre of the front side of the pedestal. ft. in. metres 1. M. J. Sheridan, United States 2. M. F. Horr, United States 3. W. Jarvinen, Finland 4. A. K. Dearborn, United States Also competed : M. Sustera, Bohemia ; H. A. Leeke, United Kingdom ; M. Doriza, Greece ; W. G. Burroughes, United States ; W. E. B. Henderson, United Kingdom ; I. Mudin, Hungary ; N. Georgandas, Greece ; U. Avattaneo, Italy ; L. Wilskman, Finland ; J. C. Garrels, United States ; E. Mudin, Hungary ; E. E. B. May, United Kingdom ; J. Sauli, Finland ; A. E. Flaxman, United Kingdom ; L. J. Talbot, United States ; R. Rose, United States ; F. Jesina, Hungary ; E. Welz, Germany ; G. Luntzer, Hungary ; E. V. Lemming, Sweden.

At the end of the first round Sheridan led with 122 ft. 88; in., with Horr second, 120 ft. 4 in., Jarvinen third. Both the Americans went one better in the final, but the Finn could not improve. It is considered by English scholars that the Athenian rules for the Discus are based upon a mistranslation of a corrupt text, and do not represent what the ancient Greeks actually did ; but the rules were used at Athens in 1906, and will no doubt be used there again. The results of admitting them in London show that they are unnecessary, for the same athlete won both the free and the restricted style (as in the Javelin also), and in neither case was a Greek, by whose nation the restricted rules were introduced, within the first four. Sheridan had previously thrown 128 ft. IO& in. (the Olympic record) in the Greek style at St. Louis in 1904, and won with 136 ft. at Athens in 1906. He was 27 years old, born in County Mayo, Ireland, 5 ft. 1 I& in. high, and weighs 12 st. 10 lb. He is a splendidly proportioned man, and won the individual all-round championship of the United States in 1905 and 1907. A Diploma of Merit was awarded to Dearborn, of the United States.

ATHLETICS.RALPH ROSE (U.S.A.) PUTTING THE WEIGHT.

ATHLETICS.THE UNITED KINGDOM TEAM (CITY OF LONDON POLICE), WINNERS IN THE TUG OF WAR.

ATHLETICS.WILSON, ROBERTSON, DEAKIN, AND COALES (ALL U.K.) WINNING THE FIRST HEAT OF THE 3-MILE TEAM RACE.

ATHLETICS.MARTIN SHERIDAN (U.S.A.), WINNER OF THE DISCUS (GREEK STYLE).

97
XXV.THROWING THE JAVELIN (Free Style).

The Rule of the A.A.A. with regard to this event was printed in the programme as follows :
(a) The Javelin shall be 26 metres long (81 feet) and 800 grammes in weight (16 lb.). It shall be of wood with a sharp iron point, and shall have about the centre of gravity a grip formed by a binding of whipcord without knots ; it shall not be provided with a thong, and the shaft shall not be notched. Every competitor must throw with a Javelin provided by the Committee. (b) The throwing shall take place from behind a scratch line. The thrower may place his foot or feet upon the line, but if either foot passes the line entirely before the javelin first strikes the ground the throw is invalid. (c) No throw shall be counted in which the point of the javelin does not strike the ground before any part of the shaft. (d) It is open to the competitor to throw with either hand and with or without a run. (e) The throw is measured from the point at which the point of the javelin first strikes the ground perpendicularly to the scratch line, or the scratch line produced. In the Free Style the manner of holding the javelin is left to the absolute discretion of each competitor. In the Style in which the javelin is held in the middle, the javelin must be held by the grip, and no other method of holding is admissible. ft. in. metres 1. E. V. Lemming, Sweden 2. M. Doriza, Greece 3. A. Halse, Norway 4 . C. Zouras, Greece Also competed :H. A. Leeke, United Kingdom ; W. E. B. Henderson, United Kingdom ; E. E. B. May, United Kingdom ; A. E. Flaxman, United Kingdom ; E. Barrett, United Kingdom ; J. Sauli, Finland ; J. Halme, Finland ; A. Pesonen, Finland ; N. Georgandas, Greece ; C. M. Carlsrud, Norway ; 1. Mudin, Hungary ; J. Kemp, Finland ; A. Salovaara, Finland ; E. B. Jakobsson, Finland ; F. Jesina, Hungary ; G. Luntzer, Hungary ; E. Mudin, Hungary ; B. Soderstrom, Sweden ; K. Lindberg, Sweden ; O. Nilsson, Sweden ; F. Soncek, Bohemia ; J. Jakobsson, Finland ; W. Jarvinen, Finland ; L. Uetwiller, Germany ; M. Koczan, Hungary ; E. Brambilla, Italy ; J. Johanssen, Norway.

A Diploma of Merit was awarded to A. Pesonen, of Finland.

XXVI.THROWING THE JAVELIN (Held in the Middle). ft. in. metres 1. E. V. Lemming, Sweden 2. A. Halse, Norway 3. O. Nilsson, Sweden 4. A. Salovaara, Finland 5. A. Pesonen, Finland Also competed :J. Halme, Finland ; J. Johanssen, Norway ; C. Zouras, Greece ; J. Sauli, Finland ; H. K. Wieslander, Sweden ; H. A. Leeke, United Kingdom ; L. F. Tremeer, United Kingdom ; E. B. Jakobsson, Finland; J. Jakobsson, Finland ; E. E. B. May, United Kingdom ; C. Bechler, Germany.

It will be noticed that, as in the case of the Discus, restrictions had no effect upon the winner, for Lemming not only proved his superiority in both
G

98 classes, but made his best throw in the restricted style. Not improbably, therefore, the restrictions in both Discus and Javelin will be removed in future Games held outside Athens. Lemming was 28 years old, born at Gothenberg, 6 ft. 3 in. tall, and weighs 14 st. He is in the Stockholm Police, and won this event at Athens with 175 ft. 6 in. His throw in London is the Olympic record, but he has done 188 feet in Sweden. Halse, of Norway, could throw 133 ft. with the left hand, and had done 178 ft. with his right before the Games. A Diploma of Merit was awarded to A. Salovaara, of Finland.
XXVII.SIXTEEN HUNDRED METRES RELAY RACE. (IO+ Yards short of a Mile). Teams of four : Two to run 200 Metres. One, 400 Metres. One, 800 Metres. FIRST ROUND. Heat 1 .Hungary (P. Simon, G. Racz, J. Nagy, O. Bodor), 1 ; Sweden (S. Laaftman, K. Lindberg, K. Stenborg, and E. Bjorn), 2. Simon and Laaftman ran the first 200 metres for their respective countries, and the Hungarian at once took the lead. Running finely, he touched Racz 10 yards before Laaftman reached Lindberg. The latter, however, went hard after his man, and when Nagy was sent off for the 400 metres his opponent, Stenborg, was only 6 yards behind. Striding out splendidly, the Swede was in front after 100 yards of the distance had been covered, and, although Nagy went all out, the half mile was started with Bjorn possessing a three yards advantage over Bodor. For, say, 400 metres, it was a great tussle between the pair. Then Bodor, who ran SO finely in the 800 Metres Final, went ahead. Bjorn endeavoured to catch up the Hungarian, but whereas the latter was running quite easily Bjorn was labouring. As a consequence, Bodor easily kept ahead and won by 3 yards. Time, 3 min. 32: sec. The time for the second half of the race800 metreswas 1 min. $5: sec., so that Bodor accomplished an extremely fine performance. Heat 2. Germany (A. Hoffman, H. Eicke, Dr. O. P. Trieloff, H. Braun), 1 ; Holland (E. Koops, J. Hoogveld, V. Henny, B. Evers), 2. Hoffman led Koops almost immediately, and at the end of the first 200 metres Eicke was able to score 10 yards lead over Koops. At the beginning of the next stage Germany were leading by 20 yards, and Braun won by go yards. Time, 3 min. 43: sec. Heat 3.United States (W. F. Hamilton, N. J. Cartmell, J. B. Taylor, and M. W. Sheppard), 1 ; United Kingdom (G. A. Hawkins, H. J. Pankhurst, E. H. Montague, and T. H. Just), 2 ; Canada (F. Lukeman, D. Buddo, L. Sebert, T. Parkes), 3. Hamilton, Hawkins, and Lukeman ran the first 200 metres, and Hamilton touched his man, Cartmell, 2 yards before Lukeman reached Buddo, with Hawkins sending Pankhurst away a yard behind the Canadian. Running beautifully, Cartmell gave Taylor a 6 yards lead from Montague and Sebert, who were released simultaneously. Taylor just about held his own, but Montague caught Sebert in the last few yards, so that the order was Sheppard, Just, and Parkes for the 800 metres. The issue cannot be said to have been in doubt for one second. Just did his very best, but the man in front of him was speedier, and not even the Light Blues great stride could save-him from suffering defeat by 25 yards. Time, 3 min. 27; sec.

99
FINAL 1. United States Team W. F. Hamilton, 200 metres (2186 yards) N. J. Cartmell, 200 metres J. B. Taylor, 400 metres (4374 yards) M. W. Sheppard, 800 metres (8749 yards) Time, min. 2. German Team : A. Hoffmann, H. Eicke, Dr. O. P. Trieloff, H. Braun. 3. Hungarian Team : P. Simon, G. Racz, J. Nagy, O. Bodor.

secs.

secs.

As the Americans had won the first race with which the Games opened in the Stadium, so they secured also the last race before Her Majesty the Queen distributed the gold medals, and their form in the 1,600 Metres Relay was well worthy both of this coincidence and of its position in the programme, as may be seen from the fact that their four men covered a mile all but 10 yards in less than 3 minutes, while they had won their IO,;34 preliminary heat two seconds faster. J. B. Taylor, a negro with a magnificent stride, died of typhoid on December 2, 1908, after his return to the United States, much regretted by all who had met him here. The details of this final are as follows . The first 200 metres runners were P. Simon (Hungary), A. Hoffman (Germany), and W. F. Hamilton (United States) ; the second 200 metres, G. Racz (Hungary), H. Eicke (Germany), and N. J. Cartmell (United States) ; 400 metres, J. Nagy (Hungary), Dr. O. P. Trieloiff (Germany), and J. B. Taylor (United States); 800 metres, O. Bodor (Hungary), H. Braun Though drawing (Germany), and M. W. Sheppard (United States). outside position, Hamilton was on the inside at 50 yards. Running at the top of his form, he gained yard after yard, and Cartmell started with quite 6 yards lead of Racz and 7 of Eicke. The two chased the American with all their might, but Cartmell held his own. He drew still further ahead, and Taylor had 8 yards the best of it on starting his 400 metres. His remarkable stride widened the gap very considerably, especially in the last hundred yards. As a consequence, Melvin Sheppardlooking not quite as fit as a few days previously was sent away with a 15 yards lead over Bodor, with Braun 5 yards behind the Hungarian. He won by 25 yards. Meanwhile, Braun was making a great race of it with Bodor for second place. Three-parts of the way up the straight the German was only a yard behind, and with a supreme effort he caught Bodor in the last yard and won by no more than a couple of inches.

G2

100

ARCHERY.
The Archery Competitions took place on the grass in the centre of the Stadium on the mornings of July 17 and 18, when the York Round for gentlemen and the National Round for ladies were shot. On July 20 Twenty-five 40 arrows at 50 metres (Continental style) were shot. ladies and eighteen gentlemen entered for England, eighteen for France, Of these only four competitors from and two for the United States. France and one from the United States were absent. On Friday the rain was bad, and at one time stopped the shooting. There was also half a gale of wind at times, which produced very tricky eddies owing to the curved seats of the surrounding Stadium. No one began well, but Mr. Penroses second dozen of ten hits for 56 gave him first place at the end of the first three dozen, Mr. W. Dod being a good second. On the next three dozen arrows, Mr. T. Robinson was first with 20, 82, and Mr. H. B. Richardson, the American champion (who shot the first three dozen with bad luck), was second with 14, 76. The best score made by any French competitor on either of the three dozen was M. Richezs 14, 56, on the second. At 80 yards Mr. W. Dod made a good first half of 19, 91, both Mr. Brooks-King and Mr. J. H. Bridges scoring 18, 70. On the next two dozen arrows Mr. Brooks-King was first with 21, 89, the next best scores being Mr. H. P. Nesham, 19, 75, and Mr. H. B. Richardson, 17, 73. Nothing much was done at 60 yards. On the first dozen both Mr. Dod and Mr. Bridges put in all the arrows for 66 and 60, and on the second Mr. Backhouse scored 59 and M. Salingre and Mr. Penrose 57, all with 11 hits. The ladies commenced at eleven, but had hardly begun to shoot before they had to fly for shelter, and this was the case during most of the 60 yards shooting, the last three arrows being shot while it was raining hard, which, however, did not prevent Mrs. Boddam-Whetham from making three golds at the second end of her third dozen. On the first two dozen at 60 yards Mrs. T. N. Wilson scored 19, 105, Miss Dod 20, 104, Mrs. Hill-Lowe 20, 96, and Mrs. Appleyard 19, 95. On the next two dozen there was a considerable improvement, the best scores being Miss Dod 23, 115, Miss Q. Newall 22, 114, Mrs. Armitage 17, 107, and Mrs. T. N. Wilson 20, 102. At 50 yards two ladies, Miss Q. Newall and Mrs. Wadworth, put in all their arrows, the best first dozen being the latters of 64, and the best second the formers of 76. On the second day (Saturday) there were no breaks in the shooting, though it rained a little ; but the day was a decidedly unpleasant one, with

101 a cold and gusty wind, more trying, if anything, than the first one had been. It took some time for the shooters to find out where to aim, and the scores on the first half of the 100 yards were low, the best, 76 from 20 hits, being made by Mr. H. V. James. From the next three dozen arrows better results were obtained, Mr. W. Dod making a fine score of 23, 109, Mr. T. Robinson scoring 85 with 17 hits, and Mr. H. B. Richardson 80 with 20. At 80 yards Mr. Richardson began well, scoring 96 with 20 hits, Mr. Brooks-King making 82 with 16, and Mr. H. V. James 79 with 17. On the next two dozen Mr. James was first with 19, 81, Mr. W. Dod 17, 79, and H. P. Nesham 14, 74, being the next best totals. Three golds at one end were made at this distance by Mr. J. H. Bridges. Sixty yards was not productive of high scores, Mr. Bridgess first dozen of 68, and Mr. Dods By the end of the 80 yards it was second of 65 being the best made. pretty clear that Mr. Dod would be first, as, though Mr. Richardson was gradually creeping up, it was hardly possible for him to pass him. The struggle for second place was, however, a close one. At the end of the 80 yards Mr. Brooks-Kings score was 658 and Mr. Richardsons 648. After the first dozen at 60 they were respectively 710 and 701. After 18 arrows, 738 and 727 ; after 21, 749 and 748 ; and at the conclusion of the round, 768 and 760, Mr. Brooks-King having scored 19 with his last three arrows, and Mr. H. B. Richardson 12a close and exciting finish. The ladies commenced better than they had done on the previous day, four making over 100 on the first two dozen of the 60 yards. Their names and scores were : Mrs. Hill-Lowe, 20, 114 ; Mrs. S. H. Armitage, 19, 113 ; Miss Q. Newall, 21, 105 (included in which were three golds at the end of the second dozen) ; and Mrs. T. N. Wilson, 21, 103. On the second half the scores were not quite so high, Mrs. G. Honnywill, Mrs. Hill-Lowe, and Mrs. Armitage all had twenty hits, the first-named scoring 106 and the two latter 104. At 50 yards Miss Q. Newall made a fine score of 156 and was easily first with her dozens of 82 and 74, the next best dozen being Mrs. Wadworths first of 73 and Mrs. Hill-Lowes second of 68. On Monday, the 20th, the 50 metre competition took place, in which there were fifteen French, one American, and one English competitors. At the request of the French competitors several of the English who had shot in the York Round shot with them, though they did not compete for the medals. One arrow was shot at a time, and there were four shooters at each target, of which there were seven. The shooting was good, two competitors putting in all the arrows, and four only dropping one, but the winners average was not so high as it frequently is for this class of shooting, nor did the shooters appear to be in such good form as usual. Probably shooting the York Round, and with stronger bows, had some-

102 what unsteadied them. A good score was made by one of the English gentlemen, Mr. Backhouse, who obtained 260 from 40 hits. Great satisfaction was expressed by the French archers with their reception in England, and Colonel Walrond was asked by their representative to thank the English archers for the courtesy and good fellowship with which they had been received. The judges for the York Round were Le Comte Albert de Bertier de Sauvigny, Colonel Walrond, and Mr. Eyre W. Hussey, the two first named also acting for the 50 metres competition. On Saturday the French archers visited the grounds of the Royal Toxophilite Society, and spent a pleasant afternoon inspecting the grounds and hall. As a memento of their visit, M. Delacroix, the president of the ArchersCarabiniers de LIsle de France, in the name of the Society, asked the acceptance by the Royal Toxophilite Society of two palmettes and two epinglettes to be shot for by ladies and gentlemen respectively, which were duly accepted and have since been received and shot for. The full scores were as follows :
FRIDAY. LADIES. Distance scores. 60 yards. Miss Dod Mrs. T. N. Wilson Miss Q. Newall Mrs. Wadworth Mrs. S. H. Armitage Mrs. Honnywill Hits Scr. Miss Mrs. Miss Miss Mrs. Mrs. GENTLEMEN. Mr. Mr. Mr. Mr. Mr. Mr. 100 yards. T. Robinson Dod J. B. Keyworth Penrose Brooks-King H. P. Nesham Hits Scr. Mr. Mr. Mr. Mr. Mr. Mr. Hits Scr. 80 yards. Brooks-King Dod Penrose H. B. Richardson H. P. Nesham J. H. Bridges Hits Scr. 50 yards. Q. Newall Wadworth Dod K. G. Mudge Honnywill Priestley Foster Hits Scr.

60 yards. Mr. Dod Mr. J. H. Bridges Mr. H. B. Richardson Totals on the day:

60 yards. Mr. Brooks-King Mr. Penrose Major Heathcote

Hits Scr.

L ADIES . Hits Scr. Hits Scr. Mrs. T. N. Wilson Mrs. G. Honnywill Mrs. Priestley Foster

Miss Dod Miss Q. Newall Mrs. Wadworth

103
G ENTLEMEN . Hits Scr. Mr. Dod Mr. Brooks-King Mr. Penrose Mr. J. H. Bridges Mr. H. B. Richardson Mr. T. Robinson SATURDAY. Best Distance Scores : 60 yards. Hill-Lowe S. H. Armitage Honnywill Q. Newall Norman Robertson Wadworth L ADIES . Hits Scr. 50 yards. Miss Q. Newall Mrs. Hill-Lowe Miss Dod Mrs. Appleyard Mrs. Priestley Foster Mrs. Wadworth 80 yards. H. V. James H. B. Richardson W. Dod Brooks-King H. P. Nesham J. B. Keyworth Hits Scr. Hits Scr.

Mrs. Mrs. Mrs. Miss Mrs. Mrs.

GENTLEMEN. 100 yards. Mr. W. Dod Mr. H. B. Richardson Mr. T. Robinson Mr. Penrose Mr. H. V. James Mr. Pownall 60 yards. Mr. J. H. Bridges Mr. H. B. Richardson Mr. H. P. Nesham Six best scores, Saturday : Hits Scr. Mr. Mr. Mr. Mr. Mr. Mr. Hits Scr. Hits Scr.

60 yards. Mr. Brooks-King Mr. W. Dod Mr. Penrose

Hits Scr.

L ADIES . Hits Scr. Hits Scr. Mrs. G. Honnywill Mrs. Wadworth Miss Dod

Miss Q. Newall Mrs. Hill-Lowe Mrs. S. H. Armitage

GENTLEMEN. Mr. H. B. Richardson Mr. W. Dod Mr. H. V. James Highest Totals on the two days : Mr. R. Brooks-King Mr. Penrose Mr. J. H. Bridges L ADIES . Hits Scr. Mrs. Wadworth Mrs. G. Honnywill Mrs. S. H. Armitage

Hits Scr. Miss Q. Newall Miss Dod Mrs. Hill-Lowe

GENTLEMEN. Mr. W. Dod Mr. R. Brooks-King Mr. H. B. Richardson Mr. Penrose Mr. J. H. Bridges Mr. H. V. James

104
TARGET AND SCORE LIST. (Four dozen arrows at 60 yards and two dozen arrows at 50 yards being shot each day.) TARGET 1. Appleyard, Mid-Surrey L. Weedon, West Kent E. H. Day, Hereford Bowmen Ina Wood, West Kent Boddam Whetham, Folkestone TARGET 2. Q. Newall, Cheltenham Chris. Cadman, Lonsdale Hill-Lowe, A. of the Teme Priestley Foster, V.W.H. Honnywill, A. of the Weald TARGET 3. K. G. Mudge, Dev. & Cornwall Everett Leonard, Backwell S. H. Armitage, Hereford Bow. Wadworth, Hereford Bowmen H. Williams, Mid-Surrey TARGET 4. Dod, Welford Park Wadworth, Hereford Bowmen J. Vance, Hove Tox. T. N. Wilson, Hampshire Rushton, Barnacre TARGET 5. S. C. Babington, Edin. Ladies Thackwell, Worcestershire Hyde, Worcestershire N. Robertson, Mid-Surrey E. Nott Bower, Royal Richmond 100 yards. 80 yards. 60 yards. Hits Scr. Hits Scr. Hits Scr. TARGET 6. Mr. H. P. Nesham, R.T.S. M. Cabaret, Cie. St. Pierre Montmartre Mr. R. Bagnall Oakeley, R.T.S. TARGET 7. Mr. J. B, Keyworth, Wirral M. Salingre, Cie. de Soissons Major R. W. Heathcote, Hamps. TARGET 8. Mr. J. Penrose, Wiltshire M. Baudoin, 1re Cie. de Montreuil-sous-Bois Mr. Pownall, R.T.S. Total. Gross Hits Scr. Golds 60 yards. Hits Scr. 50 yards. Hits Scr. Total. Hits Scr. Golds

Mrs. Mrs. Mrs. Miss Mrs. Miss Mrs. Mrs. Mrs. Mrs. Miss Mrs. Mrs. Mrs. Miss Miss Miss Miss Mrs. Mrs.

Mrs. Miss Miss Mrs. Mrs.

105
100 yards. 80 yards. 60 yards. Hits Scr. Hits Scr. Hits Scr. Gross Total. Hits Scr. Golds

TARGET 9. Mr. Brooks-King, West Som. M. Quervel, 1re Cie. dAubervilliers Mr. H. V. James, Backwell

TARGET 10. M. Dauchez, Cie. St. Pierre Montmartre M. Vernet, 1re Cie. de Compgne Mr. T. Robinson, Backwell TARGET 11. M. Grisot, Cie. de Ullysse Paris M. Berton, Cie. St. Pierre Montmartre Mr. Cornewall, H.Y.R. TARGET 12. M. Richez, Cie. de Ullysse Paris Mr. Stopford, Devon & Cornwall TARGET 13. Mr. Dod, Welford Park. Mr. Backhouse, H.Y.R. TARGET 14. Mr. C. J. Perry-Keene, Devon and Cornwall Mr. C. Hutton Coates, R.T.S. TARGET 15. Mr. H. B. Richardson, National Society, U.S.A. *M. Poupart, 1re Cie. de Pont St. Maxence Mr. J. H. Bridges, R.T.S. Entered but did not shoot : MM. Vallie, Delacroix, Hardier, Lesquendien (France) and Mr. W. Bryant (United States). * Did not complete the round on the first or shoot on the second day. MONDAY. 50 Metres Competition. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. Grisot, Cie. de Ullysse Paris Vernet, 1re Cie. de Compigne Cabaret, Cie. St. Pierre Montmartre Paris Aubras, 1re Cie. de Compigne Quervel, 1re Cie. dAbervilliers Dauchez, Cie. St. Pierre Montmartre Paris Salingre, Cie. de Soissons Berton, Cie St. Pierre Montmartre Paris Richez, Cie. de Ullysse Paris Total. Golds Hits Scr.

106
Total Golds. Hits Scr.

M. Baudoin, 1re Cie. Montreuil-sous-Bois M. Vallie, 1re Cie. de Compigne Mr. Keyworth, Wirral M. Fisseux, Cie. de St Pierre Montmartre Paris M. Delacroix, 1re Cie. dAubervilliers Mr. H. B. Richardson, U.S. National Archery Society M. Poupart, 1re Cie. Pont St. Maxence M. Jay, Cie. St Pierre Montmartre RESULTS. YORK ROUND (G ENTLEMEN).

Gold Medal, Mr. W. Dod, United Kingdom. 185 hits, 815 score. 184 hits, 768 score. Silver Medal. Mr. R. Brooks-King, United Kingdom. Bronze Medal. Mr. H. B. Richardson, U.S.A. 170 hits, 760 score. A Diploma of Merit was awarded to M. Berton, France. NATIONAL ROUND (L ADIES). Gold Medal. Miss Q. Newall, United Kingdom. 132 hits, 688 score. Silver Medal. Miss Dod, United Kingdom. 126 hits, 642 score. Bronze Medal. Mrs. Hill-Lowe, United Kingdom. 118 hits, 618 score. FIFTY M ETRES (C ONTINENTAL STYLE ). Gold Medal. M. Grizot, France. 39 hits, 263 score, 9 Golds. Silver Medal. M. Vernet, France. 40 hits, 256 score, 7 Golds. Bronze Medal. M. Cabaret, France. 39 hits, 255 score, 10 Golds.

A Diploma of Merit for forty arrows at fifty metres was awarded to Mr. R. O. Backhouse, U.K., who scored 260 from 40 hits. He shot at the request of our French visitors, but was not competing for the medals.

107

BOXING.
On October 27 the five events of the Olympic Boxing Competition were decided at the Northampton Institute, St. John-street Road, Clerkenwell. Apart from the fact that several halls of the size of that selected could easily have been filled with spectators eager to see the best amateur boxing yet exhibited in England, the arrangements could not have been improved, and the success of the event amply justified the inclusion in the Olympic programme of a competition with as ancient classical precedents as any other item could boast. The foreign competitors and their representative officials expressed their satisfaction with everything done and with the impartiality of the judging; and the most competent critic could only select one verdict as to which any doubt was possible. For the most part our visitors were not of sufficiently high class to have a real sporting chance of victory, which made their presence all the more meritorious. But, on the other hand, Holberg, the Dane, and Baker, the Australian, were first-rate men, the latter being one of the best amateur performers ever seen in a ring. Both were so highly appreciated that, from the applause they received, it might easily have been imagined that a large Danish and Australian contingent were present among the audience. The foreign representatives assisted in the drawing of the heats. With the possible exception of the heavy weights the form shown throughout was as good as any seen by the best judges during the past thirty years. The victory in the feather weights of the veteran, R. K. Gunn, was a very striking example of the triumph of style and science over other and more youthful qualities, for he had won his championships in 1894, 95 and 96, and he entered the ring in 1908 not an ounce heavier than he had been twelve years before, in spite of being thirty-eight years old. His hitting was naturally not so hard, but it was clean and straight, with a properly closed fist, which proved a pleasant contrast to the scrambling and swinging now grown too common. In style there was little to choose between Douglas and Baker in the middle weights. Before they met, the Australian had had to conquer W. Dees, champion in 1897, and W. Childs the holder of the championship, whereas Douglas had drawn a bye and was able to put out his French opponent in half a minute and to finish the ex-champion, R. C. Warnes, in a round and a half. The final was closely and well contested, and the verdict rightly went to the Englishman, a

108 first-rate cricketer, and the son of Mr, J. H. Douglas, President of the Amateur Boxing Association. Some spectators considered that Holberg had had rather hard luck in not getting the award after a very level round with Wells and two minutes extra, in which Wells certainly did not seem very much the stronger of the two. The only holder of a championship who proved also worthy of an Olympic Gold Medal was Thomas, whose final for the bantam weights with Condon showed some of the best form at the meeting. It is fair to S. C. H. Evans, the heavy weight champion, to say that he had injured his shoulder a few days previously and could not use it capably either in attack or defence, which partly resulted in his lasting only two minutes against the hurricane tactics of Oldman, of the City Police. Boxing began at 11.25 a.m., and lasted, with only one interval of an hour and a half, until 10.30 p.m., when the medals were distributed by Mr. J. H. Douglas, who was ably assisted throughout by Mr. E. T. Calver, Secretary of the A.B.A., and by a particularly zealous staff of officials, among them such well known and respected men in boxing circles as Mr. Vize, Mr. Angle, Mr. Eugene Corri, and Mr. Bettinson, who assisted in various parts of the proceedings. Though all the winners were English, representatives were boxing from Australia, France, Denmark, Wales, and Scotland. The winners, all representatives of the United Kingdom, were as follows : I. Bantam Weights (8 st. 4 lb. and under), H. Thomas, Birmingham A.B.C. II. Feather Weights (9 st. and under), R. K. Gunn, Surrey Commercial Docks B.C. III. Light Weights (10 st. and under), F. Grace, Eton Mission B.C. IV. Middle Weights (11 st. 4 lb. and under), J. W. H. T. Douglas, Mincing Lane B. and A.C. and Belsize B.C. V. Heavy Weights (any weight), A. L. Oldham, City Police A.C. Details of the Bouts:
I. BANTAM WEIGHTS. FIRST SERIES. (1) J. Condon (Lynn A.C.) beat P. Mazior (France). The Frenchman surprised his opponent with the agility and determination of his attack, but could never hit hard enough, and after a very plucky struggle he was stopped in the middle of the third round. (2) W. Webb (St. Pancras B.C.) beat H. Perry (Columbia B. and A.C.). Both fought fast for two rounds, with Webb scoring on the body, and Perry tiring his man at in-fighting. The third round was full of heavy hitting, in which Webb got the verdict on the referees casting vote.

109
(3) H. Thomas (Birmingham A.B.C.) beat F. McGurk (Scottish Amateur Gymnastic Association). The Scotchman at once started hitting as hard as he could, and rather flurried Thomas, who took a round to get used to his man ; but then he gave back most of what he had received, and in the third round steadied the persistent McGurk with a fine punch on the jaw, which did not stop the Scotchmans courageous attacks but gave Thomas the victory. SEMI-FINAL. Condon beat Webb. Webb did better at close range, and Condon scored very prettily with straight lifts at a distance, and this alone saved the Lynn boxer from defeat in a close and exciting contest. FINAL. Thomas beat Condon. Condon tried to force the in-fighting which did not suit him and pleased his opponent. Both were soundly punished and kept going hard the whole time all over the ring. But Condon could not stave off the Birmingham boy who won a capital bout that roused hearty applause. The winner was nineteen years old, and won the championship in the previous April. II. FEATHER WEIGHTS. FIRST SERIES. (1) T. Ringer (Lynn A.C.) beat L. Constant (France). The Englishman began by using his left to good purpose, but then the Frenchman rushed him to the ropes, and gave his man little rest for two rounds. I n the third Ringer scored freely, but our plucky visitor was never done with and was boxing as hard as ever when the bell rang. (2) R. K. Gunn (Surrey Commercial Docks B.C., and Gainsford A.C.) beat E. Poillot (France). The Frenchman led, but Gunn had knocked him down just before the end of the first round, and in the second Gunn had him on the boards twice, and out before the signal. (3) H. Roddin (Edinburgh Amateur Gymnastic Society) beat J. Lloyd (City School of Physical Culture, Cardiff). Both were more eager than scientific in a level first round, and through the next as well the exchanges were remarkably heavy. They began the third with almost equal vigour, but both were sufficiently punished to be very tired before the end, and Roddin just won. (4) C. W. Morris (Polytechnic B.C.) beat E. Adams (Columbia B. and A.C.). The two first rounds were quiet, with Adams showing more science. Then Morris made the pace with both hands, got his man into trouble and won with some ease. SEMI-FINALS. (1) Morris beat Roddin. Morris led at once, but Roddin, after steadying him, did not take advantage of his lead, and threw away a good deal in the first two rounds by boxing rather wild. As a result, Morris made up all his losses in the last round, boxed carefully and effectively, and won well. (2) Gunn beat Ringer. After a level first round, Gunn began scoring in the second till he was steadied with a stinger on the body and had to go slow for a bit. Recovering well in the last meeting, Gunn had his man beaten, and in spite of receiving a few hot ones from Ringer, was easily first at the finish.

110
FINAL. Gunn beat Morris. At first Morris was quite outgeneralled by his clever opponent, but made the pace so hot in the second round that the veteran was glad enough to hear the bell ring. Again Gunn recovered completely in the interval, and skilfully keeping out of danger he scored fast and won. The winner was thirty-eight years old, and had only once been beaten before. His first victory was the 9st competition in the German Gymnasium in 1893. He only retired from the championship of 1896 owing to his well known superiority over all comers, and since then served on the Council of the A.B.A. III. LIGHT WEIGHTS. FIRST SERIES. (1) H. H. Johnson (Northampton Institute A. and B.C.) beat H. Hansen (Denmark). Both were tall, the Dane having a trifle the advantage. The bout began with good work from both lefts till Johnson crossed his man on the jaw with the right, which gave the Englishman the lead in a hot contest. The same followed in the second round. In the third, Hansen stood up most pluckily to heavy punishment, and was hitting his man hard when the bell rang. (2) M. Wells (Lynn A.C.) beat V. Holberg (Denmark). The Dane, looking bronzed and full of muscle, gave his man plenty of work in the first round, and began the second with fine right-handed hitting after a rally. In the third Wells was fighting hard, and the Dane scored heavily on the mouth. An extra two minutes was ordered, in which there was a good deal of clinching. The verdict went to Wells. (3) H. Holmes (Polytechnic B.C.) beat A. Bouvier (France). Holmes used his left well against the Frenchman, who rushed and clinched at every opportunity. In the second round Bouvier was knocked clown several times and the bout was stopped. (4) G. Jessup (Mildmay R.C.) beat F. Osborne (Victoria A. and B.C.). Jessup rapidly asserted his superiority, and soon knocked Osborne down and out. (5) F. Grace (Eton Mission B.C.) beat E. A. Fearman (Lynn A.C.). Fearmans earnestness was of no avail against his adversarys skill and quickness, but he fought hard and pluckily, and lost only to superior science. (6) F. Spiller (Gainsford A.C.) beat P. Fee (Scottish Amateur Gymnastic Association). Spiller scored heavily in the opening round, but in the next Fee repeated his clinching tactics and improved on the in-fighting. But this was no good in the last round, which easily gave Spiller the bout. SECOND SERIES. (1) F. Spiller beat G. Jessup. Spiller had his man in trouble in the first round, and knocked him down in the second. Jessup had boxed with courage, but was counted out. (2) F. Grace beat M. Wells. Neither scored much after a very clever first round, and Grace did not hurt his man in the second. A very keen meeting ended in a skilful win for Grace. (3) H. H. Johnson beat H. Holmes. A bustling beginning ended in Holmes landing three times on his opponents head. Then Johnson knocked him down twice. In the third round, which both boxed in most resolute fashion, the referee gave Johnson his casting vote.

111
SEMI-FINAL. Spiller beat Johnson. Spiller led at once, and though the bout was fast and interesting throughout there was never any doubt about the verdict. FINAL. Grace beat Spiller. A very level first round, Graces footwork being very good, Early in the second both were down. Spiller boxed pluckily and well, but could never score as fast as Grace. The winner was twenty-four years old, and won seven cornpetitions out of eight in 1907. IV. MIDDLE WEIGHTS. FIRST SERIES. (1) W. Childs (Cambridge Amateur B.C.) beat G. Aspa (France). Slogging began as soon as the men faced each other, and went on all over the ring. In the second round they both worked just as hard at close quarters. In the interval the Frenchman retired with an injured thumb. (2) R. C. Warnes (Gainsford A.C. and Surrey Commercial Docks B.C.) beat C. Morard (France). Morard was willing and courageous but too slow, and in the second round was sent down and out with a left swing on the chin. (3) R. L. Baker (Australia) beat W. J. Dees (Old Goldsmiths B.C.). A fairly level first round showed Bakers cleverness in defence. When Dees again faced the fighting in the second, Baker was all over him and knocked him down and out. (4) J. W. H. T. Douglas (Mincing Lane B. and A.C. and Belsize B.C.) beat R. Doudelle (France). Douglas walked into our visitor and beat him in a minute, there being little chance for the Frenchman to show his capabilities. (5) W. Philo (Gainsford A.C.) beat A. Murdoch (Belsize B.C.). Philo was the first to go down, but soon had his revenge, and Murdoch was dazed when the bell rang. Both received smart punishment in the second round, and in the third Philo just managed to even up the score with his left on the head. There was very little in it, and the referees casting vote had to be called in. SECOND SERIES. Baker beat Childs. The Australian made the pace very fast, and scored on the body and neck. In the second round Childs went for his man very hard, but Baker got home a heavy uppercut, and soon afterwards Child fell through the ropes from a rushing attack cleverly avoided by Baker. The Australian was clearly the superior in the last meeting. SEMI-FINALS. (1) Douglas beat Warnes. In the first round Warnes did well but could never stop Douglas, who was in splendid training, and fairly staggered his opponent with a heavy left in the second, and soon afterwards Warnes went down and out. (2) Baker beat Philo. The Australian at once got to work and had his man finished in about a minute.

112
FINAL. Douglas beat Baker. A beautifully matched bout produced the best boxing of the day. Both began well, and Baker gave as much as he got until the end of the first round. In the second Douglas got home a decisive blow on the jaw which took the Australian off his feet, and Baker rose slowly, to continue as pluckily as ever. I n the third, he boxed cautiously and well but could never quite get the lead, and Douglas won a fine contest on points. The winner was twenty-seven years old, and won the Public Schools Middle Weights (for Felstead) at Aldershot, in 1901. He plays cricket for Essex and is a fine all-round athlete. Baker is the best in Australia, and was twice prevented by illness from boxing in England before the Games began. V. HEAVY WEIGHTS. FIRST SERIES. (1) A. L. Oldman (City Police A.C.) beat I. Myrams (Manchester F. & B.C.). Oldman did not take long in knocking his man down and out with a heavy right flush on the chin. (2) S. C. H. Evans (Reading A.C.) beat A. Ireton (City Police A.C.). Evans led, soon had his man in trouble, and finally finished him with a left hand swing over the heart in a short order. (3) F. Parks (Polytechnic B.C.) beat H. Brewer (Polytechnic B.C.). Parks won by sheer strength and weight after a punishing bout which went the three rounds and needs no further description. SEMI-FINAL. Evans beat Parks. Evans soon hit his man through the ropes and out of the ring. In the second round Parks, having recovered well, did some attacking, but was twice knocked down. In the third Parks was still aggressive, but Evans was hitting harder, and obtained the verdict by the referees casting vote. FINAL. Oldman beat Evans. Both men began to hit at once, Evans being slightly the more eager. B u t when Oldman did get to work his execution was something terrific. He crossed Evans with a fine right on the jaw, got him dazed in a corner, and smashed him about a dozen times in the face before Evans could escape. A plucky effort to equalise matters failed, and Evans was down and out in two minutes. The winner was twenty-four years old and six feet tall, having served in the Horse Guards Blue before joining the police.

ARCHERY, JULY 17, 1908.

ARCHERY.-MISS Q. NEWALL (U.K.), WINNER OF THE NATIONAL ROUND.

ARCHERY.-W. DOD (U.K.), WINNER OF THE YORK ROUND.

113

CYCLING.
During most of the first week, within which the cycling events were decided, the weather was very bad, and the track was usually flooded. This may have troubled our foreign visitors, for the United Kingdom won five out of the seven events, but the English, it must be added, were peculiarly unfortunate in the number of their punctures. France scored in the Tandem race, and would have won the Thousand Metres but for the riders having exceeded a generous time limit, in spite of repeated warnings. For the same reason Schilles, one of the fastest amateurs in the world over the last 200 metres of a short course, could not score the heat he won in the Lap race. In long distances, like the Hundred Kilometres, for which H.R.H. the Prince of Wales presented a Challenge Cup, it is evident that the question of pacing must be very seriously considered whenever it is not thought wise to give special awards for laps or other purposes. No record was made in this race, as was freely stated in the Press afterwards. Nearly all the finishes were close, and aroused great enthusiasm in the crowd. The order in which the races are here given is : I., 660 Yards Lap ; II., 1,000 Metres ; III., 5,000 Metres ; IV., 20 Kilometres; V., 100 Kilometres ; VI., Pursuit Race; VII., Tandem Race.
I.ONE LAP (660 Yards = 603.491 Metres). [Time Limit 70 seconds, Standard 46 seconds.]

FIRST ROUND.
Heat 1 .B. Jones, United Kingdom, 1 ; D. H. Nijland, Holland, 2. Jumping with half a lap to go, Jones won with something in hand. Time, 59 sec. Heat 2. W. J. Bailey, United Kingdom, 1 ; F. McCarthy, Canada, 2 ; P. Seguinaud, France, 3. Bailey was much too fast for his opponents, and won easily by a length. Time, 50 sec. Heat 3.C. B. Kingsbury, United Kingdom, I ; R. Katzer, Germany, 2 ; G. B. Damen, Holland, 3. Much the fastest sprinter, Kingsbury won readily by two lengths. Time, 57 sec. Heat 4. V. L. Johnson, United Kingdom, I ; J. Patou, Belgium, 2 ; R. Villepontoux, France, 3. Another easy victory for the United Kingdom, Johnson sailing away to win with a lot up his sleeve. Time, 56 sec. Heat 5. M. Schilles, France, and F. Shore, South Africa, competed, but the heat was declared void on account of the time limit being exceeded. Heat 6. E. Demangel, France, I ; G. F. Summers, United Kingdom, 2 ; A. Hansen, Sweden, 3. Demangels jump was too much for Summers, who was beaten by a length. Time, 59 sec. Heat 7.J. J. van Spengen, Holland, I ; H. Martens, Germany, 2 ; J. Lavery, United Kingdom, 3. In a tremendous race the Dutchman won by inches. Time, 58 sec. H

114
Heat 8.W. Andrews, Canada, 1 ; G. Werbrouck, Belgium, 2 ; G. de la Plane, France, 3. Another brilliant race. Andrews was just the faster in the last twenty yards, and won by half a wheel. Time, 55; sec. Heat 9.P. Texier, France, 1 ; T. H. E. Passmore, South Africa, 2. Passmore sprinted at the half distance, but could not ward off Texiers final rush, the Frenchman winning by a length. Time 1 min. 1: sec. Heat 10.F. D. Venter, South Africa, 1 ; G. Perrin, France, 2 ; B. Goetze, Germany, 3. The South African won in taking style by slightly over a length. Time, 1 min. 3; sec. Heat 11. K. Neumer, Germany, 1 ; W. F. Magee, United Kingdom, 2 ; E. Marechal, France, 3 ; A. Gerrits, Holland, 4. Neumer drew clear round the back stretch and won by two lengths. Time, 54$ sec. Heat 12.E. Payne, United Kingdom, 1 ; A Poulain, France, 2 ; J. van Benthem, Belgium, 3. Poulain swerved badly in his effort to win, and could not hold Payne, who, riding very straight, got home by a length. Time, 57$ sec. Heat 13. D. Flynn, United Kingdom, 1 ; G. B. van Drakestein, Holland, 2 ; P. Schulze, Germany, 3. This was a desperate race, Flynn winning by the smallest possible margin. Time, 55 sec. Heat 14.L. Renard, Belgium, 1 ; G. Dreyfus, France, 2 ; W. Morton, Canada, 3 ; G. C. Anderson, United Kingdom, 4. The others were unequal to the Belgians sprint, which gave him a very easy win. Time, 55; sec. Heat 15.G. G. Cameron, United States, 1 ; L. Coeckelberg, Belgium, 2. A match in which Cameron was a little the faster in the last few yards. Time, 1 min. 5: sec. Heat 16.A. Auffray, France, 1 ; A. J. Denny, United Kingdom, 2 ; P. T. Freylinck, South Africa, 3. The Frenchman came with a rush in the straight, and won by a length. Time, 58: sec.

SECOND ROUND.
Heat 1 .V. L. Johnson, United Kingdom, 1 ; J. J. van Spengen, Holland, 2 ; P. Texier, France, 3 ; W. Andrews, Canada, 4. The usual manoeuvring for position occurred for half a lap, but there was no question as to the winner when it came to sprinting, Johnson getting first with plenty to spare. Time, 59; sec. Heat 2 .E. Demangel, France, 1 ; C. B. Kingsbury, United Kingdom, 2 ; W. J. Bailey, United Kingdom, 3 ; F. D. Venter, South Africa, 4. This was expected to be an inches affair between Kingsbury and the Frenchman, but Demangels jump was too much for the Englishman, who was beaten by twothirds of a length. Time, 5 I: sec. Heat 3 .D. Flynn, United Kingdom, 1 ; A. Auffray, France, 2; G. G. Cameron, United States, 3 ; E. Payne, United Kingdom, 4. This heat produced a splendid finish, Flynn and Auffray being level almost up to the line, when the former, by a tremendous effort, gained a win by half a wheel. Time, 54: sec. Heat 4.K. Neumer, Germany, 1 ; L. Renard, Belgium, 2 ; B. Jones, United Kingdom, 3. Manoeuvring for position was most pronounced in this heat, and it was not until two-thirds of the distance had been covered that the pace improved. Then Neumer jumped with such startling rapidity that he drew away and won easily from Renard, with Jones completely out of it. Time, 1 min. 5; sec.

FINAL.

V. E. K. D.

L. Johnson, United Kingdom Demangel, France Neumer, Germany Flynn, United Kingdom 51 Time,5:$ sec.

115 Johnson drew inside station. They moved very carefully for the first hundred yards, the Birmingham crack looking under his arm and watching the others. With a third of the lap covered, Neumer, as in his heat, started sprinting. He jumped at such a tremendous pace as to gain a six lengths lead before Johnson noticed the manoeuvre. Then, however, he went after his man, with Demangel on the Englishmans back wheel. Neumer was caught and passed just before the straight, and then Johnson and Demangel made a capital race of it, Johnson, whose action was perfect, eventually triumphing by a few inches. There was a length between Demangel and Neumer, with Flynn close up. Time, 51; sec. Victor Johnson was born in Staffordshire, and in 1907 won 24 races out of 72, and was placed in in 17 others. In 1908 he won the quarter-mile championship of the N.C.U., and on July 26 he won the kilometre championship of the world at Leipsic. In 1907 he did a mile from a standing start at the Crystal Palace in 2 min. 3: sec., unpaced. His father was worlds champion. Demangel is the present champion of France, and has won $3 firsts out of 114 races, being placed in 48 others.
II.-THOUSAND METRES (Iogp5 Yards). [Time Limit 105 seconds, Standard 79 seconds.]

FIRST ROUND.
Heat 1.V. L. Johnson, United Kingdom, 1 ; G. B. van Drakestein, Holland, 2 ; G. Malatesta, Italy, 3. They were riding in a line two-thirds of a lap from the tape, but then Johnson drew clear, and won by two lengths. Time, 1 min. 332 sec. Heat 2.F. D. Venter, South Africa, 1 ; A. Poulain, France, 2 ; J. Matthews, United Kingdom, 3. Matthews started sprinting with three-quarters of a lap to go, but could not stay, and in a good finish Venter beat Poulain by a wheel Time, 1 min. 3 3: sec. Heat 3.M. Schilles, France, 1 ; A. Hansen, Sweden, 2. There were only two starters. Schilles, who led all the way, was much the better man. He won easily by a length. Time, 1 min. 38: sec. Heat 4.D. Flynn, United Kingdom, 1 ; P. Seguinaud, France, 2 ; P. Schulze, Germany, 3 ; F. McCarthy, Canada, 4. When they started moving in earnest Flynn speedily settled the issue, and won by two lengths. Time, 1 min. 30: sec. Heat 5 .E. Payne, United Kingdom, 1 ; D. M. Nijland, Holland, 2. Although the Dutchman made a plucky show he was beaten by 1& lengths. Time, 1 min. 32 sec. Heat 6. W. F. Magee, United Kingdom ; H. Martens, Germany ; and J. J. van Spengen, Holland, rode, but the heat was declared void owing to the time limit being exceeded. Heat 7.K. Neumer, Germany, 1 ; R. Villepontoux, France, 2 ; W. J. Bailey, United Kingdom, 3. The German worked into jumping position after the bell, and, sprinting splendidly, he won easily by two lengths. Time, 1 min. 33: sec. Heat 8 .G. G. Cameron, United States, 1 ; P. T. Freylinck, South Africa, 2 ; H. Crowther, United Kingdom, 3 ; G. Dreyfus, France, 4. Crowther was partially shut in round the bend, and the finish was left to Cameron and Freylinck, the American winning by two lengths. Time, 1 min. 29: sec. H2

116
Heat 9.E . Demangel, France, 1 ; W. Morton, Canada, 2. Only two rode, and the former won by 2+ lengths. Time, 1 min. 35; sec. Heat 10.A. Auffray, France, rode over in 1 min. 23: sec. Heat 11 .W. Morisetti, Italy, rode over in 1 min. 21: sec. Heat 12.B. Jones, United Kingdom, 1 ; E. Marechal, France, 2 ; B. Goetze, Germany, 3. Jones led until Marechal went to the front. Then he went all out, and a capital dust-up in the straight resulted in his winning by a length. Time, 1 min. 35 sec. Heat 13.P. Texier, France, 1. Also rode :G. F. Summers, United Kingdom, and L. J. Weintz, United States. The pace was very moderate until two-thirds of a lap from the finish, when Summers made his effort. He, however, failed to stay, and Texier coming through, won by nearly 2 lengths. Time, 1 min. 31 sec. Heat 14.J. Lavery, United Kingdom, 1; A. Gerrits, Holland, 2. These were the only starters. They rode in close company until the usual jump, but then Lavery sailed away to win at his ease. Time, 1 min. 41 sec. Heat 15 .C. B. Kingsbury, United Kingdom, 1 ; G. de la Plane, France, 2. Another match. Kingsbury led all the way and won with some ease, the Frenchman being unable to hold his opponent in the final burst. Time, 1 min. 27: sec. Heat 16F. Shore, South Africa, and G. Perrin, France, were the riders in this heat. Shore finished first, but the time limit having been exceeded the heat was void. SECOND ROUND. Heat 1 .V. L. Johnson, United Kingdom, 1 ; K. Neumer, Germany, 2 ; F. D. Venter, South Africa, 3 ; P. Texier, France, 4. The pace was very slow until the bell. Then it improved, and half a lap farther on the real race began, the four machines being in a bunch. When Johnson, on the inside, drew out, Neumer immediately went after him, and a great wind-up gave the United Kingdom a victory by inches. Time, 1 min. 275 sec. Heat 2.M. Schilles, France, 1. Also rode :E. Payne, United Kingdom ; D. Flynn, United Kingdom ; and G. G. Cameron, United States. The usual thing happened until the bell, but on the next bank Payne sprinted. He, however, made his effort too soon, for Schilles caught him just before entering the straight, and won by over a length, with the others finishing practically in a line. Time, 1 min. 38; sec. Heat 3.Ben Jones, United Kingdom, 1 ; E. Demangel, France, 2 ; J. Lavery, United Kingdom, 3. Demangel led at first, with the others hanging on. There was a deal of manoeuvring before sprinting commenced, and when they swept round the final bend Jones and Demangel were wheel and wheel. So they raced to the end, Jones winning by half a wheel. Time, 1 min. 40: sec. Heat 4.C. B. Kingsbury, United Kingdom, 1 ; W. Morisetti, Italy, 2; A. Auffray, France, 3. Kingsbury at once went to the front, with Auffray next, and Morisetti last. The Italian was first to jump, but Kingsbury overtook him, and drew ahead in the straight, to win by two lengths. Time, 1 min. 35; sec. FINAL. This was declared void owing to the time limit being exceeded. Kingsbury and Johnson punctured. Schilles and Jones rode out a close finish which the Frenchman apparently won by inches, but the Judge did not officially place the riders.

117
III.-FIVE THOUSAND METRES (3 Miles, 188 Yards). [Time Limit 9 min. 25 sec., Standard 6 min. 55 sec.] FIRST ROUND. Heat 1.J. J. van Spengen, Holland, 1 ; D. Flynn, United Kingdom, 2 ; G. Malatesta, Italy, 3 ; P. Seguinaud, France, 4. Also rode :W. J. Bailey, United Kingdom. Flynn and Bailey held the lead for two laps, and then Spengen went into first position, with the Frenchman last. With three laps to go, Bailey punctured. They were riding in pairs when the bell rang, with Flynn on inside position. 300 yards from home a jump came from Spengen. Flynn made up ground in the straight but was beaten by two-thirds of a length. Time, 8 min. 392 sec. Heat 2 .E. Marechal, France, 1 ; F. McCarthy, Canada, 2 ; A. Gerrits, Holland, 3. Also rode : E. Demangel, France, and E. Payne, United Kingdom, Payne punctured at I* laps. Gerrits did most of the leading, with Demangel and Marechal watching him closely. The pace was very slow. At the bell Gerrits shot out for a long sprint, but was done with entering the straight, and Demangel beat his countryman by inches. He was, however, disqualified for fouling, and the race awarded to Marechal. Time, 9 min. I$ sec. Heat 3. A. Auffray, France, 1 ; H. Martens, Germany, 2 ; P. T. Freylinck, South Africa, 3 ; B. Goetze, Germany, 4 ; W. Morton, Canada, 5. This heat was so slow at times that it was as much as the riders could do to keep their machines going, but two laps from the end the pace became very warm, Auffray being responsible. When the bell sounded there was a splendid race between Auffray, Martens, and Freylinck, but the Frenchman could not be held in the straight, and he won by a length. Time, 8 min. 56: sec. Heat 4.G. B. van Drakestein, Holland, 1 ; W. F. Magee, United Kingdom, 2 ; P. Texier, France, 3. Also rode :T. H. E. Passmore, South Africa, and A. Poulain, France. The race was quite without incident in the early stages. Just after the bell Drakestein surprised the others, and sprinting in great form he lasted so well as to cross the line first, though only by an inches margin. Time, 8 min. 42: sec. Heat 5 .-Ben Jones, United Kingdom, 1 ; K. Neumer, Germany, 2 ; L. Azrini, Italy, 3 ; Also rode :G. B. Damen, Holland ; M. Goetze, Germany ; J. Lavery, United Kingdom ; G. de la Plane, France ; F. Shore, South Africa ; and R. Villepontoux, France. The men did nothing until the bell, but a final showing of the red flag at last roused them. However, the finish compensated for what had gone before, for the whole of the field swept round the last bend together, and although Ben Jones seemed shut in for good, he got through in the most clever manner, and shot over the line a winner by a good length. Time, 9 min. d$ sec. Heat 6.C. B. Kingsbury, United Kingdom, 1 ; W. Morisetti, Italy, 2 ; D. M. Nijland, Holland, 3 ; G. Dreyfus, France, 4. Also rode :W. Andrews, Canada, and A. E. Calvert, United Kingdom. This heat was slightly faster. Nijland set the field going after the bell, and he made a very game effort to land a victory, but Kingsbury and Morisetti were faster, and the Englishman drew out in the straight to win by a length and a half. Time, 8 min. 53 sec. Heat 7.M. Schilles, France, 1 ; C. V. Clark, United Kingdom, 2 ; W. Anderson, Canada, 3. Also rode :G. Coeckelberg, Belgium ; R. Katzer, Germany ; G. Perrin, France ; and F. D. Venter, South Africa. This was the fastest and most interesting heat of the series, chiefly by reason of the two Frenchmen. They were always too good for the others and were splendidly placed at the bell. The race was over as soon as Schilles drew away on the inside. Clark did his very best to catch the Frenchman, but to no purpose, the latter winning rather easily by just over a length. Time, 7 min. 55; sec.

118
FINAL. Ben Jones, United Kingdom M. Schilles, France A. Auffray, France E. Marechal, France C. B. Kingsbury, United Kingdom J. J. van Spengen, Holland G. B. van Drakestein, Holland Time, 8 min. 36 sec. 36;

Schilles had to make the pace at first, with Kingsbury near him and Jones last. Then Marechal led, followed by the two Dutchmen, one of whom soon went to the front, where he was displaced by Auffray. With three more laps to go, Schilles led again, with Kingsbury near him, and Jones waiting behind. At the bell, Drakestein made his rush immediately, and kept ahead till the last corner, where Kingsbury had brought along Jones so well that the latter was a length ahead at the beginning of the straight. Schilles, however, came right round his field with an amazing burst of speed, and only just failed to get up in the last hundred yards of an exciting race, which Jones won by six inches. Schilles imagined he had been collided with in the last round, but no evidence was forthcoming. Ben Jones, of Wigan, was the five miles amateur champion, and champion of the British Empire at one and ten miles. Schilles was only twenty, and a good man both at boxing and running. Auffray won the Grand Prix de Paris in 1907.
IV.-TWENTY KILOMETRES (12.427 Miles). [Time Limit 40 min., Standard 27 min. 45 sec.] FIRST ROUND Heat 1. L. Meredith, United Kingdom, 1 ; H. Martens, Germany, 2 ; G. Werbrouck, Belgium, 3 ; A. Lapize, France, 4 ; G. B. Damen, Holland, 5 ; F. McCarthy, Canada, 6. Also rode :D. Flynn, United Kingdom ; P. Hostein, France ; and R. Katzer, Germany. Martens led for a couple of miles. At three miles, McCarthy and Werbrouck were first and second. At the half-distance, covered in 15 min. 57; sec., Flynn unfortunately punctured. Between the seventh and eighth miles, the Belgian twice endeavoured to split the field with fast sprints, but without success. At the bell Katzer led. Half a lap from home Meredith appeared to be pocketed, but came out entering the straight and won in perfect style by two lengths. Time, 33 min. 21 sec. Martens time was 33 min. 21; sec., and Werbroucks 33 min. 2 1 sec. Heat 2. C. B. Kingsbury, United Kingdom, 1 ; C. Brooks, United Kingdom, 2 ; F. D. Venter, South Africa, 3 ; G. C. Lutz, France, 4 ; G. B. van Drakestein, Holland, 5. Also rode :W. Andrews, Canada ; J. van Benthem, Belgium ; F. Bonnet, France ; and P. Schulze, Germany. Bonnet (France) led for several miles. Kingsbury kept well up with the leaders. The half-distance occupied 15 min. 47: sec. At the bell Andrews was just ahead. Then Kingsbury set about his task. Speedily gaining inside position, he started on one of his long sprints. For a space he was held by Brooks, Venter, and Drakestein, but down

119
the straight Kingsbury fairly flew, and won by a good two lengths. Time, 32 min. 33: sec. Second and third mens times : Brooks, 32 min. 34 sec. ; Venter, 32 min. 34: sec. Heat 3. L. J. Weintz, United States, 1 ; F. Shore, South Africa, 2 ; G. Young, Canada, 3 ; H. C. Bouffler, United Kingdom, 4 ; H. Triesbsch, Germany, 5. Also rode :H. Cunault, France; F. G. Hamlin, United Kingdom, and D. M. Nijland, Holland. In a heavy shower Bouffler, Hamlin, and Cunault punctured. In the early stages Young and Cunault did most of the leading. Bouffler caught up again five laps after his puncture by hard riding, but the effort had taken too much out of him. At the bell the pair to join in a good finish were the United States and Canadian riders. Weintz won by two lengths. Time, 33 min. 39: sec. Half-distance time, 15 min. 46 sec. Shores time was 33 min. 40 sec., and Youngs 33 min. 45; sec. Heat 4.Ben Jones, United Kingdom, 1 ; G. G. Cameron, United States, 2 ; T. H. E. Passmore, South Africa, 3 ; O. Lapize, France, 4 ; H. Baumler, France, 5. Also rode :A. Boldt, Germany ; W. Lower, United Kingdom, and J. J. van Spengen, Holland. The United Kingdom were again unfortunate in this heat, Lower puncturing at twelve laps, and the field were travelling so fast that a fresh start was out of the question. However, an able representative was left in Ben Jones, who was always in a safe position. After the half-distance (15 min. 24 sec.) the race resolved itself into repeated manoeuvrings on the banks, with the Frenchmen indulging in short, sharp bursts. Two laps before the finish the jockeying was so pronounced that the riders were almost at a standstill. Working up pace for the bell, Passmore, Cameron and Jones led at the last lap. When the real sprint commenced, these men drew away from the rest, and although Jones momentarily appeared to have lost his chance he was speedy enough to come by on the outside and win by a bare half-length. Time, 32 min. 39 sec. Cameron did 32 min. 3gQ sec., and Passmore 32 min. 39: sec. A very close finish. Heat 5.A Hansen, Sweden, 1 ; D. C. Robertson, United Kingdom, 2 ; W. Anderson, Canada, 3 ; Also rode :J. Santorinaios, Greece, and P. Texier, France. Texier led with several very fast laps ; but after a time he dropped back for Anderson (Canada) to take the field along. At the half-distance (16 min. 45 sec.) they were travelling very slowly. Santorinaios stole a 250 yards lead, but Robertson and the rest were careful not to allow the Greek to get clean away. At the bell the real race commenced, and half a lap from the line an unfortunate spill occurred which resulted in Texier and the Greek being thrown, and at the same time Robertsons chances were discounted by having to ride round them. Without a doubt this cost him the race, and he was beaten by Hansen by two lengths. Time, 34 min. 53: sec. Robertsons time was 34 min. 53: sec., and Andersons 34 min. 55g sec. Heat 6.A. J. Denny, United Kingdom, 1 ; C. Avrillon, France, 2 ; G. A. Westerberg, Sweden, 3 ; W. Morisetti, Italy, 4. Also rode :L. Coeckelberg, Belgium. When two miles had been negotiated, Denny punctured. This necessitated some sloggin g work on his part to get up again. Avrillon was invariably in front after Denny had recovered his lost ground, and at the halfdistance he was leading, the time being 15 min, 31 sec. With nine laps to go, Coeckelbcrgs tyre punctured, and two laps further on the Belgian was again unlucky. He left the track, cut across the grass, seized another machine, and remounted, but was disqualified. Avrillon led at the bell, Denny lying second, Westerberg third, and Morisetti last. The Italian jumped in his usual fashion 300 yards from home, but failed to get away, and he had nothing to do with the magnificent finish shared by Denny and Avrillon. It was touch and go for the length of the straight, and Denny won by a wheel. Time, 33 min. 40: sec. Avrillons time was 33 min. 40: sec., and Westerbergs 33 min. 41: sec.

120
Qualified for the final as the leaders of the greatest number of laps in the three fastest heats :G. Werbrouck, Belgium ; F. Bonnet, France ; and O. Lapize, France. FINAL. C. B. Kingsbury, United Kingdom Ben Jones, United Kingdom G. Werbrouck, Belgium L. J. Weintz, United States L. Meredith, United Kingdom A. J. Denny, United Kingdom A. Hansen, Sweden F. Bonnet, France O. Lapize, France Time, 34 min. 13 sec. 13:

Meredith, one of the best British riders, punctured his back tyre in the first hundred yards, and lost all chance ; and immediately afterwards Denny did the same. Bonnet led nearly all the time to, halfway (15 min. 32 2 sec.), with Kingsbury near him. Hansen fell within two laps of the end. Very soon after the bell Kingsbury made his spurt, hotly challenged by Jones, Werbrouck, and Weintz in one of the most exciting finishes of the Games, which Kingsbury just won by three inches. Jones thought he had been bored in the straight, but there was no evidence to that effect. Kingsbury was the one-mile N.C.U. champion, and afterwards won the Strangers Race in the Worlds Amateur Championships at Leipsic.
V.THE PRINCE OF WALESS CUP FOR A HUNDRED KILOMETRES (62,135 Miles). [Time Limit 3 hr. 15 min., Standard 2 hr. 30 min.] FIRST ROUND. Heat 1.-A. Hansen, Sweden, 1 ; G. C. Lutz, France, 2 ; S. F. Bailey, United Kingdom, 3 ; P. Texier, France, 4 ; J. H. Bishop, United Kingdom, 5 ; D. C. Robertson, United Kingdom, 6. Qualified to ride in the final as leaders in the greatest number of laps :F. Bonnet, France, and K. Mussen, United Kingdom. Also competed :W. Anderson, Canada ; F. McCarthy, Canada ; A. Lepere, France ; A. Boldt, Germany ; R. Katzer, Germany ; T. Santorinaios, Greece ; G. B. Damen, Holland ; G. B. van Drakestein, Holland : and J. Norman, United Kingdom. The Canadian pair of riders were allowed to take the field along for ten laps, Bailey being close behind their back wheel. Then Texier shot to the front and caused a slight spread. At 16 laps McCarthy punctured, but his spare machine being handy, the Canadian caught up again in a couple of laps. Bishop was ahead at 19 laps. At 21 laps Lutz made a determined effort to steal a lap, but was unsuccessful. Directly afterwards McCarthy changed back to his original machine. Then Bonnet was compelled to get another machine, and with Bishop forcing the pace and Robertson and Norman hanging on, the Frenchman was left half a lap behind. He had as companion McCarthy, of Canada, and the plucky efforts of the pair to rejoin the first division, which they did at 70 laps, was loudly cheered. At the end of an hours racing 23 miles 1,200 yards had been covered, and at this period Anderson was leading. At the 76th lap, Lutz and Hansen gained a 300 yards advantage. The same pair were leading at the

121
half-distance, when the time was 1 hr. 18 min. 5g.E sec., followed by Drakestein and Robertson. Then Bailey went ahead and caught the leaders. After 96 laps Hansen, Lutz, and Bailey lapped the rest. Meanwhile the Greek had been forced to retire, and at 103 laps McCarthy followed suit. He was joined a few minutes afterwards by Katzer (Germany), and there were now fourteen men on the track. Robertson had to change mounts when the lap scorers shouted 44 to go," and was up again almost immediately. Lutz continually spurted, but the Swede and Englishman always responded easily. At the end of two hours 45 miles 1,180 yards had been covered, Lutz still being first, Bailey second, Hansen third. There was a capital finish between Hansen, Lutz, and Bailey, in which the Swede, who came through on the inside half a lap from the line, won by no more than half a wheel from Lutz. Bailey was two lengths further off. The other placings, a lap behind, were : Texier, fourth, Bishop fifth, and Robertson sixth. Time, 2 hr. 50 min. 21$ sec. Heat 2 .L. Meredith, United Kingdom, 1 ; C. H. Bartlett, United Kingdom, 2 ; G. A. Westerberg, Sweden, 3 ; O. Lapize, France, 4 ; W. Andrews, Canada, 5 ; W. J. Pett, United Kingdom, 6. Qualified to ride in final as leaders in the greatest number of laps : G. Coeckelberg, Belgium, and C. A. Denny, United Kingdom. Also competed :W. Morton, Canada ; H. L. Young, Canada ; C. Avrillon, France; H. Cunault, France; P. Hostein, France; J. Madelaine, France; B. Goetze, Germany ; H. Martens, Germany ; P. Schulze, Germany ; M. Triebsch, Germany ; D. M. Nijland, Germany ; L. Azrini, Italy ; E. G. Malatesta, Italy ; B. Parini, Italy ; T. H. E. Passmore, South Africa ; R. Jolly, United Kingdom ; D. R. Noon, United Kingdom ; L. J. Weintz, United States. There was a big field, twenty-six facing the starter. Meredith got away so badly that he had a third of a lap to catch up on the rest. This he soon accomplished ; indeed, he was leading at eight laps. Cunault and Madelaineboth Frenchmenwere lapped at five miles. A little farther on the former retired. When 23 laps of the long journey had been covered Avrillon was first, Denny second, and Azrini third. Lapize punctured at 27 laps, at which distance Meredith was forcing the pace so splendidly that retirements became rather frequent. Half an hours riding represented a distance of 12 miles 600 yards, at which stage the order was Andrews, Meredith, Avrillon, Noon, and Pett. Avrillon was unlucky enough to sustain a puncture at 39 laps, and at 44 laps Madelaine fell and was carried off on an ambulance. Apparently it was a case of sheer exhaustion, for the rider was quite alone when the incident occurred. The next to retire was Avrillon, and by this time only 15 riders were left on the track. Meanwhile the pace had slowed down very considerably, chiefly owing to Lapize, who kept bursting away for a few seconds and then rode up the banking. At one hour the leaders were Lapize, Denny, Meredith, Noon, and Pett, while Bartlett was close up. The distance covered was 23 miles 1,740 yards. Britains chief hopeMeredithwas brought down a little later, and in the smash Noon and Weintz were so knocked about as to be unable to continue. Meredith, however, remounted, and at length rejoined the leaders, the feat being loudly cheered. At the half-distance, which was timed 1 hr. 17 min. 56: sec., Coeckelberg led, followed by Parini, Andrews, Denny, and Bartlett, and Meredith and Pett were near by. Thirty-six miles and 20 yards was the distance at one and a half hours, Lapize being the leader. A nasty accident ensued, entirely through the action of one of the walking judges, who, stepping on the track, brought over Coeckelberg. The Belgian was badly cut on the thigh and head. However, he pluckily remounted, though it was apparent that the fall had taken a deal out of him. Meredith changed machines again with 56 laps to go, and 4 laps farther on Azrini had to give way for good through cramp. He was followed to the dressing-room by Parini.

122
During the next few laps Lapize made a most determined effort, but the Englishmen had no intention of allowing this. The two hours distance was 47 miles 1,500 yards, Lapize still in the van. It came on to rain now, and continued for the next thirty minutes, at the end of which only nine men were riding, one of themCoeckelbergbeing half a lap to the bad. The Belgian rode gamely and made up a lot of his lost ground, but he was still 100 yards behind at the bell. Round the last bend Denny and Pett fell, but even so Great Britain supplied first and second men, Meredith winning by a short length from Bartlett. Westerberg was third, Lapize (who died away up the straight) fourth, Andrews fifth, and Pett sixth. Time, 2 hr. 43 min. 1 5: sec. FINAL. C. H. Bartlett, United Kingdom C. A. Denny, United Kingdom O. Lapize, France W. J. Pett, United Kingdom P. Texier, France W. Andrews, Canada D. C. Robertson, United Kingdom S. F. Bailey, United Kingdom 48; Time, 2 hr. 41 min. 48 sec. Winners of Diplomas of Merit as leaders of the greatest number of laps : P. Texier, France ; O. Lapize, France ; C. A. Denny, United Kingdom. Also rode :A. Hansen, Sweden ; G. C. Lutz, France ; J. H. Bishop, United Kingdom ; F. Bonnet, France ; H. Mussen, United Kingdom ; L. Meredith, United Kingdom ; G. A. Westerberg, Sweden ; G. Coeckelberg, Belgium, and H. L. Young, Canada, the latter being permitted to start, having satisfied the judges that he was not lapped in Heat 2.

The track was under water in parts when the seventeen riders made their appearance, and J. H. Bishop was wearing goggles to protect his eyes from the grit and rain. It was raining when the men were sent on their long journey. Coeckelberg (Belgium), looking quite recovered from his bad fall in Heat 2, showed the way for a few laps, with Bishop next. At nine laps he gave way to S. F. Bailey, who evidently meant to make the pace as hot as possible, for thus early they were inside record. Bailey put in all he knew for seven laps, then giving way to Bishop, who in turn let Meredith up. The latter set up a killing pace, and there were several stragglers when the board announced 146 to go. A minute later Bishop punctured. He was riding again very quickly, but so fast was the field travelling that he was completely left. At the end of fifteen minutes riding 6 miles 220 yards had been covered, and the leader was Bailey (Great Britain). Between laps 20 to 22 Coeckelberg made a tremendous effort to get away on his own, but Meredith and the others held him, and at 27 laps Denny was in front, Bartlett and Mussen being second and third, with Meredith and Lapize riding together. At this stage the weather improved greatly. The pace was just as good at the end of the first half- hour, by which time 1 2 5 miles had been done. The leaders were Bailey, Meredith, Robertson, Bartlett, Lapize, and Texier.

123 Then, through one of them puncturing, Meredith, Andrews, and Robertson all came down, while two laps later Hansen (Sweden)another rider possessing quite a fair chance of winningwas off through the same cause. Meredith, Andrews, and Robertson were remounted immediately, but Hansen was running about for two or three minutes before a machine could be found, and then he had no chance of getting up. Meredith, too, was having a bad time, for the Continentals flew along so soon as they observed what had happened, and could not be caught. At 50 laps Coeckelberg was dropped, and 5 laps farther on the leaders numbered only nine. Meredith was continually urging his helpers, of whom Young (Canada) did magnificent work, to go faster, and finding at last that they could not respond, he went out by himself. This did not escape Lapizes notice, and the Frenchman made the pace so terrific that Meredith gradually fell further in the rear. Coeckelberglapped with 102 to go helped the Frenchman in his labours, and half-a-dozen circuits later Meredith, in spite of plugging away in the most determined fashion, was lapped. The field immediately went dead slow, and seeing that the race was over so far as he was concerned, Meredith dismounted for good a mile later. When the lap scorers returned the first hours riding the distance was 24 miles 1,450 yards, and the first four were Lapize, Texier, Pett, and Bartlett. In another ten laps only seven had not been lapped. Rain again descended on the soaked riders at this point, and very soon it was almost impossible to distinguish their colours. At the half-distance the time was 1 hr. 16 min. 47; sec. Positions remained about the same during the following thirty minutes, midway through which the distance for the I$ hours was announced as 36 miles 460 yards, and the race continued intensely interesting. The pace, as it was bound to do, told at last, and when over a hundred laps had been done, the leaders were taking refreshments and breathers. This was extremely fortunate for Great Britain, for when Bailey and Denny both punctured within a couple of minutes, the Continentals were apparently too tired for the moment to put in an effort. Thus the pair were both carried to the leading division by Young, the Canadian, who received cheer after cheer from the huge crowd for his sportsmanship. No sooner had Bailey and Denny recovered than Bartlett Britains best remaining rider punctured. Then the Frenchmen did sprint. But Bartlett quickly remounted, and, well paced by Hansen and Young, rode superbly. Gradually he made up ground, and when, after eight stiff laps, Young left his charge, Bartlett was back again with the small band of leaders. While Bartlett was making his effort Bailey again punctured. As a consequence, the latter

124 was well left before the Canadian could assist, and so it happened that he was lapped with 31 to go. The two hours distance was 47 miles 130 yards, and lap after lap was reeled off to roars of continuous cheering. At two and a half hours, when 58 miles 100 yards was the distance, Merediths figures had again been cut. Texier was still leading here, Bartlett, Lapize, Pett, and Denny occupying second to fifth positions, A piece of hard luck befell one of the FrenchmenTexierfive minutes afterwards, and he had to seek another machine. This definitely placed him out of court, for the others were waiting for nobody. Volleys of cheering greeted the leaders at every lap now, and when the board showed only 3 more, excitement rose to fever pitch, for Denny was observed to be making a last attempt to steal away. But Lapize could not be shaken off. With two laps to go Lapize sprinted along the back straight, Denny, Pett, and Bartlett being just behind him. At about the middle of the semi-circle of the far banking he rode up the banking to the outer side of the track and slowed, so as to force the other riders to go in front, the others followed up the banking, all slowing down to a crawl, Denny in front, Lapize outside. Just before entering the straight for the last lap Bartlett jumped down the banking from the rear of Denny and Lapize, and made a bee line for the winning straight. Leading at the bell he finished a short length in front of Denny. No protest of any kind was made. The official winning distance was a wheel, but it looked more. In view of some descriptions published of this race afterwards, it may be added that if any riders had been guilty of deliberately pocketing another, they would have been disqualified. In cycle racing finessing for positions is permissible : more races are won by clever head work than by sheer speed. Cutting in or out when going at full speed is not permissible, but when crawling and finessing the question does not arise. Riding up the banking and slowing down is a tactic imported from the Continent, the object being to force the other riders to go in front and give a lead before a finish.
VI.-PURSUIT RACE.-(Three Laps, 1,980 Yards = Metres).

[Limited to teams of four from each country, starting at opposite sides of the track in each heat, the time of the third man in each team to constitute the time for the team. The team making the fastest time shall be the winner.] FIRST ROUND. Heat 1.Belgium scratched to United Kingdom. Heat 2.United States scratched to Canada Heat 3.Holland drew a bye.

125
Heat 4. Germany (H. Martens, M. Goetze, K. Neumer, R. Katzer) beat France (A. Auffray, E. Demangel, E. Marechal, M. Schilles). Time : Germany, 2 min. 25 sec. ; France, 2 min. 32 sec. SECOND ROUND. United Kingdom (L. Meredith, B. Jones, E. Payne, C. B. Kingsbury) beat Canada (W. Morton, W. Andrews, F. McCarthy, W. Anderson). Time : United Kingdom, 2 min. 19 sec. ; Canada, 2 min. 292 sec. Germany (H. Martens, M. Goetze, K. Neumer, R. Katzer) beat Holland (J. J. van Spengen, A. Gerrits, D. M. Nijland, G. B. van Drakestein). Time : Germany, 2 min. 31 sec. ; Holland, 2 min. 44 sec. FINAL. United Kingdom (L. Meredith, B. Jones, E. Payne, C. B. Kingsbury), 1 ; Germany (H. Martens, M. Goetze, K. Neumer, R. Katzer), 2. Time: United Kingdom, 2 min. 18 sec ; Germany, 2 min. 28 sec. Canada (W. Morton, W. Andrews, F. McCarthy, and W. Anderson) were awarded third place and the bronze medals as third fastest team. Time : 2 min. 29 sec.

L. Meredith had won the Hundred Kilometres Worlds Amateur Championship four times, and held the five, ten, fifty, and one hundred miles English paced records. E. Payne was 23 years old, and held the One Mile British Empire Championship in 1906.
VII.TWO THOUSAND METRES TANDEM (124 Miles). [Time Limit 4 min., Standard 2 min. 22 sec.] FIRST ROUND. Heat 1.C. Brooks and W. H. T. Isaacs, United Kingdom, 1 ; H. Martens and A. Boldt, Germany, 2. The pace was slow until the bell, when the British pair went by on the outside and crossed the line winners by 5 lengths. Time, 3 min. 9 sec. Heat 2 .F. G. Hamlin and H. T. Johnson, United Kingdom, 1 ; P. Texier and M. Texier, France, 2. Another slow race, with Hamlin and Johnson following the tactics of their compatriots in the previous heat. They hung behind until half a lap from the finish, when a beautifully timed sprint carried them first past the line, winners by 4 lengths. Time, 3 min. 14 sec. Heat 3 .M. Goetze and K. Neumer, Germany, 1 ; C. Avrillon and Guyader, France, 2 ; C. McKaig and E. C. Piercey, United Kingdom, 3. A much faster heat. McKaig and Piercey appeared to be shut in at the last bend. The other couples fought out a brilliant race up the straight, the Germans winning by a bare wheel ; 2 lengths between second and third. Time, 2 min. 55; sec. Heat 4.J. P a t ou and L. Coeckelberg, Belgium, 1 ; J. L. Barnard and A. Rushen, United Kingdom, 2 ; A. Hansen and G. A. Westerberg, Sweden, 3. The Swedish pair went away with the lead, with the other couples close handy. This order was observed until 300 yards from the judges, when Barnard and Rushen commenced to sprint. A victory for Great Britain seemed assured as the straight was entered, but riding at a tremendous pace, the Belgian representatives fairly jumped their opponents in the last 100 yards, and won by 1 lengths. The Swedish pair was beaten off. Time, 2 min. 25 sec. Heat 5 .M. Schilles and A. Auffray, France, 1 ; F. D. Venter and P. T. Freylinck, South Africa, 2. Only two pairs started. The Frenchmen, an ideal tandem team, lead all the way. They won by one length. Time 3 min. 11 sec.

126
Heat 6. . Lapize and F. Bonnet, France, 1 ; R. Jolly and J. Norman, United Kingdom, 2. The Frenchmen at the bell stole a march on their rivals, and won by six lengths. Time, 3 min. 6: sec. Heat 7.J. Matthews and L. Meredith, United Kingdom, 1 ; A. Poulain and G. Dreyfus, France, 2 ; F. McCarthy and W. Morton, Canada, 3. Racing started at the bell, and at the last bend the Englishmen had to seek the banking to clear the Frenchmen, and then, setting themselves going, they put in such a fine sprint as to have the race well won halfway up the straight. They passed the post with a two lengths advantage. The Canadians were beaten off. Time, 2 min. 43; sec. Fastest losers. J. L. Barnard and A. Rushen, United Kingdom, second in fourth heat. SECOND ROUND. Heat 1 .F. G. Hamlin and H. T. Johnson, United Kingdom, 1 ; C. Brooks and W. H. T. Isaacs, United Kingdom, 2 ; M. Goetze and K. Neumer, Germany, 3 ; J. Patou and L. Coeckelberg, Belgium, 4. The Belgian pair went away with the lead, with Hamlin and Johnson lying last. They were in the same order at the bell. Two hundred yards farther on the British crew sprinted, and the race was theirs at once ; they won by fully six lengths. Time, 2 min. 42$ sec. Heat 2. M. Schilles and A. Auffray, France, 1 ; J. Matthews and L. Meredith, United Kingdom, 2 ; J. L. Barnard and A. Rushen, United Kingdom, 3 ; O. Lapize and F. Bonnet, France, 4. The major portion of this race took place on the banking, the French crews manoeuvring repeatedly to tempt our representatives to assume the lead. This the latter refused to do, but just before the last banking Schilles and Auffray went by, and won by a length. Time, 2 min. 462 sec. Fastest losers.C. Brooks and W. H. T. Isaacs, United Kingdom. FINAL. M. Schilles and A. Auffray, France F. G. Hamlin and H. T. Johnson, United Kingdom C. Brooks and W. H. T. Isaacs, United Kingdom Time, 3 min. 7; sec.

The race was run slowly but cleverly until soon after the bell, when the Frenchmen went ahead and the English could never catch them. Hamlin and Johnson considered there had been unlawful cutting in at the last bend, but there was not sufficient evidence forthcoming. They had tied the quarter-mile record just previously. Brooks and Isaacs had won the One Mile N.C.U. Tandem Championship in June. Schilles and Auffray had never ridden together before this race.

127

FENCING.
The Fencing Competitions at the Olympic Games consisted of five events, which will be described here in the following order : pe Individual, Pe Team Fight, Sabre Individual, Sabre Team Fight, Foil Display. Foil play, not being in the opinion of the organisers a form of sport which is improved by competition, was given a special place in the Olympic programme, and each competing country was asked to select two representatives, to whom a medal and diploma were awarded, and a display was arranged in the Princes Galleries, Piccadilly, by Mr. W. H. C. Staveley, which proved extremely successful. Especial attention may be drawn to the Code of Rules drawn up for the Fencing competitions, and printed in subsequent pages of this Report. It was the first of its kind to be printed in English, French, and German, and is the most complete ever published. Its value, which is worthy of comparison with the Olympic Swimming Code, the best of its kind, is chiefly due to the care bestowed by the Olympic Committee of the Amateur Fencing Association upon the development and improvement of the first draft drawn up by one of their representatives on the British Olympic Council, and submitted by him to the International Committee at The Hague. The competitions in pe and sabre were carried out on a special terrain close to the Stadium, the excellent planning of which was almost entirely due to Mr. A. V. Buckland. The drawing and section of the tent and its arrangements are given in later pages as an example of what can be done for open-air fencing upon gravel in the vicissitudes of our English climate. Though every sport in these Games was admirably supported by its officials, a special note is permissible on the hard and exacting work of those who assisted the judging in Fencing. France won both pe events and Hungary took both sabre prizes. The results were satisfactory in that the two international events were won by the best teams, and, though the victory of Herr Fuchs in the sabres was so narrow that it might not be repeated, few could doubt that on the weeks form M. Alibert was the best peeist, and thoroughly deserved his success. Indeed, his feat of passing scatheless through the team fights against Britain and Belgium on behalf of his country was perhaps finer than anything he did for himself during the meeting.

128 As regards British fencers, it may be said on the whole that, though France won both events in the pe, our team, in taking second place, did well, and that the fact that three out of the eight who survived into the final pool of the individual competitions were Englishmen was most satisfactory. But the same cannot be said of the sabre contests. Our team proved to be one of the weakest, and in the individual fights one British representative alone survived to the semi-final, and he was not expected to do so well as some of the others. Certainly nothing like the beautiful sabre play of the Hungarians, the winners, or of the Bohemians, has hitherto been seen in England, and even the French champion, the Comte de la Falaise, was almost outclassed in the final round of the individual fights. Perhaps one of the most striking features of the Hungarian play was the defence to an attack pressed home. Some of the parries were astonishing. The choice of Mr. W. H. C. Staveley as President of the Final pool in the pe Team and Individual Competitionsan honour which he also held at the Crystal Palace Tournament some years previouslywas highly appreciated all over England as a tribute to the knowledge and justice of our swordsmen from those countries in which fencing has been far longer H.R.H. Princess Louise, the established as an international sport. Duke of Argyll, the Duke of Connaught, Princess Patricia of Connaught, and the Crown Prince of Sweden were among those who visited the Fencing-ground at various times during the Games. I.PE INDIVIDUAL.

FIRST ROUND.
In the individual pe contest the United Kingdom was represented by Mr. C. L. Daniell, the amateur champion, Mr. M. V. Holt, Mr. R. Montgomerie, Mr. E. Seligman, Mr. Cecil H. Haig, Mr. S. Martineau, Mr. E. M. Amphlett, Mr. L. V. Fildes, Mr. J. P. Blake, Mr. R. Chalmers, Mr. P. M. Datson, and Mr. H. Davids. France had a particularly strong representation, including M. B. Gravier, the amateur champion, M. G. Bergcr, M. J. Stern, and Dr. Olivier ; and Belgium and Holland sent over such well-known swordsmen as M. Rom, M, Renard, M. Anspach, M. de Montigny, M. Bosman, M. Labouchere, and Captain Van Blijenberg. Of the British fencers who had been specially chosen for the team matches, all except Mr. Seligman were successful in the first round. Mr. Seligmans failure was unaccountable, and naturally caused disappointment. Of the other five, Mr. Davids was the sole survivor. Mr. Fildes fought well in pool No. 1, where the French champion was engaged ; and although six hits

BOXING. A. L. OLDMAN (U.K.), WINNER OF THE HEAVYW EIGHTS.

BOXING. J. W. H. T. DOUGLAS (U.K.), WINNER OF THE MIDDLEWEIGHTS.

CYCLING. START OF THE 100 KILOMETRES.

CYCLING.FINISH OF THE 100 KILOMETRES. WON BY C. H. BARTLETT (U.K.).

129 were recorded against him, two of them were double hits. Mr. Blake did rather better in pool 3, where he tied for the fourth place with four hits against him, including a coup double. In pool No. 5 Mr. Davson also took the fourth place. His fight with M. Alibert, the formidable French amateur, was one of the best of the day. Mr. R. Chalmers, who lacks experience, fought pluckily in pool No. 8, and succeeded in making a tie for the third place with M. Rodocanachi, losing on the fight off. In this preliminary round France was most successful, obtaining five first places, three seconds, and two thirds. M. Dillon Kavanagh, the famous French foilist failed to arrive, and his countryman, M. Dubourdieu, failed to obtain a place in pool 7, which was won by Mr Daniell, the British champion. Belgium also came well out of the first round with two first places, four seconds, and two thirds, the record of the United Kingdom being three firsts, three seconds, and one third. SCORES.
POOL 1.JULY 17.

Carlberg Fildes Gravier Ostrup Stohr Tucek Von Rosen

S. U.K. F. D. G. Bo. S.

Jury :G. Breittmeyer (President), B. Cunliffe, F. Moore. Scorer :G. L. Blake. 1

130
POOL 2.JULY 17.

Collignon Gates Jack V. Lada Sander Speciale

F. S.A. G. Bo. D. I.

Van Schreven Hol. Jury :W. H. C. Staveley (President), A. Morin, Bela Nagy, G. Jacobs, A. Rawlinson. Scorer :C. Hancock. POOL 3.JULY 17.

Adams Blake Dwinger Levison Marais Renard

G. U.K. Hol. D. F. B,

Jury :A. Pontenani (President), S. de Joux, E. B. Milnes, A. Fellows, C. Trueman. Scorer :Mr. Bean.

131
POOL 4.JULY 17.

Becker Berger Bergsland Dina Holt Sarrens Tvrsky

D. F. N. I. U.K. Bel. Bo.

Van Rossem Hol.

Becker Bergsland Dina Holt Tvrsky

Becker Dina Hol Tvrsky

Jury :J. Jenkinson (President), E. Brierley, P. Ettlinger. Scorer : C. Montgomerie. 12

132
POOL 5.JULY 17.

Alibert Davson

F. U.K.

De Montigny Bel. Krunert P. Lada Osiier Ceccherini G. Bo. D. I.

Van Loben Sels Hol. Jury :Dr. Nagy (President), A. Morin, W. H. C. Staveley, G. Jacobs, C. H. Biscoe. Scorer : A. C. Amy. POOL 6.JULY 17.

Cagiati Martineau Naumann Peyron Rom Schjebal

S. U.K. G. S. Bel. Bo.

Jury :B. Cunliffe (President), G. Breittmeyer, F, Moore, G. Alexander, A. Rawlinson. Scorer :G. L. Blake.

133
POOL 7.JULY 17.

Bosman Von Blijenburg Daniell G. de Lobsdorf Dubordieu Foldes Schon

Bel. Hol. U.K. Bo. F. Hun. G.

On the tie for third place being fought off, Bosman beat Dubordieu and Schon. Jury : E. H. Milnes (President), D. Gordon, C. Trueman, A. Fellows, S. de Joux. Scorer :W. Bean. POOL 8.JULY 17.

Anspach Chalmers Tucek De Bary

Bel. U.K. Bo. G.

Labouchere Hol. Biroli I.

Rodocanachi F. On the tie for third place being fought off, Rodocanachi beat Chalmers. Jury :P. Ettlinger (President), A. Rawlinson, Van der Lille. Scorer :G. L. Blake.

134
POOL 9.JULY 18.

Petri Jorgensen Lindblom

G. D. S.

Mangiarotti I. Montgomerie U.K. Nobbs Quenessen Canada F.

On the tie for second and third places being fought off, Mangiarotti was beaten by Lindblom and Quenessen. Jury :G. Breittmeyer (President), D. Gordon, E. B. Milnes. Scorer : G. H. Ramsbottom. POOL 10.JULY 18.

Amphlett Doorman Moldenhauer Olivier Sarzano Zulavsky

U.K. Hol.

G. F. I. Hun.

Jury :W. H. C. Staveley (President), A. Morin, H. Butterworth, B. Nagy, C. Moore. Scorer : C. Montgomerie.

135
POOL 11.JULY 18.

Bertinetti Branting Haig Le Blon Okker

I. S. U.K. Bel. Hol.

On the tie for second and third places being fought off, Okker was beaten by Haig and Le Blon. Jury :B. Cunliffe (President), G. Alexander, 6. Jacobs, F. Trueman, E. C. Brierley. Scorer :A. L. Todhunter. POOL 12.JULY 18.

Cratingius Lippmann Nowak Olson Seligman Stuyck

G. F. I. S. U.K. Bel.

Jury :J. Jenkinson (President), W. Wright, F. Moore, S. de Joux. Scorer :A. C. Amy.

136
POOL 13.JULY 18.

Davids Langenhove Lichtenfels Toth Stern

U.K. Bel. G. Hun. F.

Jury :G. Breittmeyer (President), E. B. Milnes, A. Pontenani, R. Doyne, W. H. C. Staveley. Scorer : G. Alexander.

SECOND ROUND. In the second round there were seven pools of five fencers and one of four, and two competitors from each pool were admitted to the semi-final round. The Belgians came well to the front, equalling the score of the French with three first places and two seconds. Half of the Frenchmen who took part in this round failed to make further progress, and among them was M. Gravier, the French champion. A similar fate befell the United Kingdom, for only three of the seven Englishmen survived, the British champion being one of those who joined the majority. His defeat was a keen disappointment to those who were interested in British swordsmanship. But there was consolation to be found in the brilliant victory of Mr. Holt and Mr. R. Montgomerie in pool No. 4, where they met the French champion, his countryman M. Marais, and M. Tvrsky, of Bohemia. The Englishmen first faced each other, and Mr. Montgomerie won the fight. But this was the only assault which Mr. Holt lost. His judgment of time and distances was never at fault, and, making good use of his long reach, he defeated each of his foreign competitors with a coup darrt on their attack. Mr. Montgomerie lost to M. Marais and M. Tvrsky, but he defeated M. Gravier, with whom he made a tie. The fight for second place was splendidly contested, and roused the spectators to a high pitch of excitement. Both Mr. Montgomerie and the French champion fought

137 with great skill and determination. After a long struggle M. Gravier appeared to be hit on the body, but the judges could not agree, and the fight was accordingly resumed. Finally, Mr. Montgomerie hit his antagonist on the leg, and thus won the second place. Mr. Haig also defeated two Frenchmen in pool No. 8, Dr. Olivier and M. Quenessen, but he lost to Signor Cagiali, of Italy, and tied for the first place with Dr. Olivier. Of the others, Mr. Daniell, the English champion, began well in pool No. 5 by defeating Signor Bertinetti, of Italy, and M. V. Lada, of Bohemia. Then he had to face M. Lippman, who came second to M. Gravier for the French championship in 1908, and a well-fought assault ended in a double hit. In his last fight he met M. Lindblom, of Sweden, who, soon after coming on guard, made an attack on the lunge. Mr. Daniell seemed At all events, he failed effectually to parry the attack, unprepared for it. and was hit on the leg. With two points against him he took the third place, M. Lippman and M. Lindblom being equal firsts with one hit against each. Of the other Englishmen engaged, both Mr. Amphlett and Mr. Martineau were rather unlucky in losing their places, and Mr. Davids was unsuccessful in a particularly strong pool, in which M. Alibert and M. Berger, two leading French swordsmen, took the first and second places.
SCORES. PooL I.JULY 20.

Le Blon Stuyck Stern Doorman Levison

Bel. Bel. F. Hol. D.

On the tie for second place being fought off, Stern beat Doorman. Jury :W. H. C. Staveley (President), C. Hjorth, E. B. Milnes. Scorer :A. E. Syson.

138
POOL 2.JULY 20.

Osiier Renard Rodocanachi Amphlett Ostrup

D. Bel. F. U.K. D.

On the tie for second place being fought off, Renard beat Osiier and Rodocanachi. July :G. Breittmeyer (President), F. Moore, H. Butterworth. Scorer : A. C. Amy. POOL 3.JULY 20.

Speciale Alibert Berger De Lobsdorf Davids

I. F. F. Bo. U.K.

On the tie for second place being fought off, Berger beat De Lobsdorf. Jury : Dr. Nagy (President), J. Jenkinson, G. Alexander, C. Moore, E. Brierley. Scorer : G. L. Blake.

139
POOL 4.JULY 20.

Marais Holt Tvrsky Montgomerie Gravier

F. U.K. Bo. U.K. F.

On the tie for second place being fought off, Montgomerie beat Tvrsky and Gravier. Jury :B. Cunliffe (President), A. Pontanai, H. Pollock, G. Jacobs. Scorer :C. Montgomerie.

POOL 5.JULY 20.

Bertinetti Daniell V. Lada Lippman Lindblom

I. U.K. Bo. F. S.

Jury :G. Breittmeyer (President), B. Cunliffe, E. B. Milnes. Scorer : G. L. Blake.

140
POOL 6.JULY 20.

Langenhove Bosman Collignon Rom Nowak

Bel. Bel. F. Bel. I.

Jury :Dr. Nagy (President), J, Jenkinson, P. Ettlinger. Scorer :D. Gordon. POOL 7.JULY 20.

Anspach De Montigny Tucek Labouchere Martineau

Bel. Bel. Bo. Hol. U.K.

On the tie for second place being fought off, Labouchere beat De Montigny and Martineau. Jury :A. Pontenani (President), C. Moore, C. F. Clay, G. Alexander, H. Butterworth. Scorer : F. J. Brett.

141 POOL 8.JULY 20.

Olivier Cagiati Haig Quenessen

F. I. U.K. F.

Jury :R. Doyne (President), G. Jacobs, F. Moore, A. Rawlinson, A. Morin. Scorer :G. B. Dibblee.

SEMI-FINAL ROUND. Of the three Englishmen engaged in the semi-final round of the individual pe contest, Mr. M. V. Holt had the best of the luck in the draw, for Mr, R. Montgomerie and Mr. C. H. Haig were placed in by far the stronger pool. But it was a fine performance for Mr. Holt to come second to M. Anspach, the accomplished Belgian swordsman, and thus to obtain a better record than M. Lippman, Dr. Olivier, and M. Stern, three members of the famous French team. Mr. C. H. Haigs performance was even more creditable, for with M. Labouchere, the formidable Dutch tireur gaucher, he became second to M. Alibert, the ultimate winner, and defeated M. Bosman, M. Renard, Mr. Montgomerie, and M. Berger (the French captain), of whom the latter failed to obtain a place. Mr. Haigs success was particularly gratifying, for he has been in excellent form this year. With arm extended and point in line, he fought with spirit and confidence, and, judging his opportunities well, he obtained many hits on the arm and shoulder, with a disengage in sixte on the advance. But he was also skilful with his parries, and he made good use of an attack with a bind in seconde. He defeated M. Berger with this attack, but it failed against M. Alibert. Mr. R. Montgomerie, who had fought so well against the French in the team match, was again in excellent form, and made more use than is his wont of an attaque en marchant with opposition in sixte. He beat M. Labouchere with this attack, and stopped both M. Berger and M. Bosman with a hit on the sword arm. He failed to equal Mr. Haigs score by losing the bout to him, they made a simultaneous attack, but Mr. Montgomeries point was wide. This was the fourth hit against him, but he qualified for a place in the final.

142
SCORES. POOL 1.JULY 23.

Montgomerie U.K. Haig Bosman Rom Alibert Labouchere Berger Renard U.K. Bel. Bel. F. Hol. F. Hol.

Jury :W. H. C. Staveley (President), F. Moore, E. B. Milnes, H. Butterworth, A. Rawlinson. Scorer :G. L. Blake. POOL 2.JULY 23.

Anspach Lippmann Holt Olivier Lindblom Ostrup Stern Le Blon

Bel. F.

U.K. F. S. D. F. Bel.

On the tie for third and fourth places being fought off, Stern was beaten by Lippmann and Olivier, and Olivier was beaten by Lippmann. Jury :W. H. C. Staveley (President), Count de Soissons, G. Jacobs, E. B. Milnes, C. F. Clay. Scorer :G. L. Blake.

143
FINAL POOL.JULY 24. Won by Alibert (France).

Anspach Holt Lippmann Olivier Alibert Labouchere Haig

Bel. U.K. F. F. F. Hol. U.K.

Montgomerie U.K. On the tie for second, third, and fourth places being fought off, Lippmann beat Olivier and Montgomerie, and Olivier beat Montgomerie. Jury :W. H. C. Staveley (President), F. Rom, G. Breittmeyer, Dr. Nagy, Van Loben Sels. Scorer : P. Doyne.

In the final pool Mr. R. Montgomerie was again in splendid form, and he made a great bid for victory. He avenged himself for his defeat by Mr. Haig in the previous round, and he was also successful against M. Anspach, M. Lippman, and M. Labouchere ; but he was beaten by Dr. Olivier, who avoided his attack in the high line by ducking, and got in a stop hit on the body, and a coup double was given in his assault with Mr. Holt. Meantime M. Alibert (France) had won all his fights except one, in which he had obtained a double hit with M. Labouchere. In the last fight of the pool Mr. Montgomerie had to beat M. Alibert in order to tie with him for the first place. It was an exciting and well-contested assault. Finally Mr. Montgomerie made his swift attack with opposition in sixte, but M. Alibert disengaged in the low line, and both were hit. It then became the duty of the judges to decide which hit was the first to arrive, and they announced a double hit. With only two double hits

144 against him, M. Alibert thus won the gold medal. He fenced finely throughout, and thoroughly deserved his victory. He was carried from the ground on the shoulders of his enthusiastic compatriots. With one defeat and two double hits against him, Mr. Montgomerie tied for the second place with M. Lippman and Dr. Olivier. Seemingly exhausted by his previous effort, he lost to them both and took the fourth place. M. Lippman beat Dr. Olivier, and won the silver medal, the other competitors in the final pool receiving bronze medals. Mr. Haig again fought well, but was successful only in his assaults with Mr. Holt and M. Labouchere. Mr. Holt was less effective than on the previous day, and his only success was in his bout with M. Anspach.

II.PE TEAM FIGHT. [Eight to enter, four to fight, under the conditions published in the Rules.]

THE BYE. UNITED KINGDOM BEAT HOLLAND. For the match with Holland Mr. C. L. Daniell, Mr. M. V. Holt, Mr. R. Montgomerie, and Mr. E. Seligman were selected to fight for the United Kingdom. It was a well-contested match, in which the Dutch team made an excellent recovery from a bad start, and only missed the chance of a tie by losing the last assault. Mr. Daniell gave his side the lead by defeating M. de Jong in the first bout, parrying his attack in seconde and riposting on the chest. Mr. Holt and M. Doorman never came to close quarters. They each played the game of piquer la main, in which, for once, Mr. Holt came off second best. This was the only victory that Holland obtained in the first round, for Mr. Montgomerie disposed of M. Labouchere, the formidable tireur gaucher, with a hit on the leg after a spirited encounter, and Mr. Seligman parried M. von Rossems attack in sixte and riposted on the chest. In the second round honours were divided. M. Doorman, who fenced with judgment and restraint, hit Mr. Montgomerie on the leg, and M. Labouchere defeated Mr. Seligman with a powerful attack, the latter failing to obtain a stop hit. Mr. Holt made an excellent stop on M. de Jongs attack, and Mr. Daniell defeated M. Rossem with a powerful battement and attack on the body. Halfway through the match the score was thus 5 to 3 in favour of the United Kingdom. In the next fight Mr. Montgomerie failed to make his point fix in a vigorous attack on M. de Jong, and lost the bout, and Mr. Seligman was hit en pleine poitrine by M. Doorman ; and when Mr. Daniell faced

CYCLING.THE FINAL OF THE 20 KILOMETRES.

CYCLING.SCHILLES AND AUFFRAY (FRANCE), WINNERS OF THE TANDEM RACE.

FENCING. ALIBERT (FRANCE), WINNER OF THE INDIVIDUAL PEE.

FENCING. THE HUNGARIANS, WINNERS OF THE SABRE-TEAM FIGHT,

145 M. Labouchere the score was level at 5 all. It was a splendid fight, in which Mr. Daniell had the worst of the luck. Fencing in his usual correct manner, he parried M. Laboucheres attack, but his point passed on the riposte and he was hit on a remise. This gave the Dutch team the lead, but Mr. Holt redressed the balance by defeating M. van Rossem with a battement and attack on the sword hand. With but four bouts remaining, the score was again level at 6 all, and the defeat of Mr. Seligman, who was hit on the arm by M. de Jong, again gave Holland the lead. At this critical juncture Mr. Daniell was called upon to face M. Doorman, who thus far had been undefeated. In his previous fights Mr. Daniell had acted strictly on the defensive, but he now adopted offensive tactics, and he beat M. Doorman with his favourite attack en marchant in the high line. M. Doorman, taken by surprise, failed effectually to parry the attack, Mr. Holt then got a light touch on and he was hit on the mask. M. Laboucheres hand, and the United Kingdom were safe from defeat. In the last fight M. Rossem attacked Mr. Montgomerie with great vigour in the hope of making a tie, but after several corps--corps Mr. Montgomerie won the match with a fine stop hit.

SCORES. BYE.JULY 20.

HOLLAND v . U NITED K INGDOM .

De Jong Doorman Labouchere Van Rossem Total fights lost

Daniell Holt Montgomerie Seligman Total fights lost

Jury : G. Breittmeyer (President), A. Pontenani, C. Hjrth, W. H. C. Staveley, Dr. Nagy. Scorer :C. Montgomerie.
HUNGARY scratched to B OHEMIA . K

146

FIRST ROUND. 1. ITALY BEAT BOHEMIA.

SCORES. PRELIMINARY.JULY
BOHEMIA v.

21.
ITALY.

P. Lada V. Lada Lobsdorf Tvrsky

Bertinetti Mangiarotti Nowak Olivier Total fights lost Total fights lost

Jury :G. Breittmeyer (President), E. B. Milnes, W. H. C. Staveley, F. H. Townsend, R. Doyne. Scorer :C. Montgomerie.

2. FRANCE BEAT DENMARK.

SCORES. PRELIMINARY.JULY 21.
DENMARK v. FRANCE

Levison Ostrup Osiier Sander Total fights lost

Alibert Stern Lippmann Gravier Total fights lost

Jury :W. H. C. Staveley (President), E. B. Milnes, B. Cunliffe, J. Jenkinson, R. Doyne. Scorer :C. Trueman.

147

3. BELGIUM BEAT SWEDEN.

SCORES. PRELIMINARY .J ULY 21.
BELGIUM v. SWEDEN.

Anspach Beaurain De Montigny Willems Total fights lost

Carlberg Lindblom Peyron Von Rosen Total fights lost

Jury :Marquis of Chasseloup-Laubat (President), G. Alexander, F. Moore, C. F. Clay, G. Breittmeyer. Scorer :G. H. Ramsbottom.

(4) UNITED KINGDOM BEAT GERMANY.

For the fight with Germany Mr. H. C. Haig was included in the British team, in the place of Mr. E. Seligman. The Germans have fought in several international matches since their first appearance at Athens in 1906, and they have made rapid progress in the acquisition of modern pe tactics, but they were quite overmatched by the English team. Herr Petri, a gaucher, fought well for his side, and defeated both Mr. Haig and Mr. Holt. Germanys only other success was in the assault between Herr Stohr and Mr. Daniell, but Herr Lichtenfels diminished the severity of the defeat by obtaining double hits with Mr. Daniell and Mr. Montgomerie.
SCORES. PRELIMINARY.JULY
v.

21.
U NITED K INGDOM .

GERMANY

De Bary Lichtenfels Petri Stohr Total fights lost

Daniell Haig Holt Montgomerie Total fights lost

Jury :P. Ettlinger (President), A. Morin, G. Breittmeyer, Dr. Nagy. S c o r e r :C. Montgomerie.
K 2

148

SEMI-FINAL ROUND.
POOL I. FRANCE BEAT ENGLAND. So far as British fencers were concerned, the most interesting event of the Olympic meeting was the match between the United Kingdom and France. Since the match for the Coupe Internationale dpe was instituted in Paris in 1903 the French team have enjoyed a succession of victories in international meetings, broken only by a tie with the British team at Athens in 1906, in a match which the Frenchmen won on the fight off, and a draw with the Belgians at Ostend last year. But Great Britain has made a good fight against them on more than one occasion, and notably at Ostend last year, when the margin between them was only as three to two, and having regard to the improved form shown by our leading swordsmen this year there was some reason for hoping that the British team would come nearer to success than on any former occasion ; but the hope was not fulfilled. Misfortune overtook the British team in the first assault, in which Mr. Daniell faced M. Alibert, perhaps the most difficult of the French swordsmen. M. Alibert fences with the arm extended and the point in line, but he is quick to evade a bind, and compels his opponent to give ground with a disengage in the line of sixte and a rapid advance. But Mr. Daniell successfully defended himself with passes of contre de sixte and quarte, and seizing an opportunity attacked with opposition in the low line. M. Alibert disengaged in the high line, and both combatants were hit on the body. The judges gave the hit against Mr. Daniell, though many of the spectators thought a coup double should have been given, and in a team fight there is much merit in a double hit. A similar incident occurred in the bout between Mr. Holt and M. Collignon, in which the Frenchman was the aggressor, and in this case also the judges decided against the Englishman. Mr. Haig, who also fences with point in line, adopted offensive tactics against M. Berger, but the French captain parried in seconde and riposted on the arm. Mr. Montgomerie then forced Dr. Olivier, and compelled him to retreat almost to the limit of piste. Finally, Dr. Olivier made an attack en suivant, but he was well stopped on the mask., and at the end of the first round the score was 3 to 1 in favour of the French team. M. Alibert quickly disposed of Mr. Haig with a hit on the arm, and then Mr. Holt faced Mr. Holt had the advantage in height and reach, and M. Berger. M. Bergers manuvres to get within striking distance caused much amusement. For a time both combatants tried for the hand, but M. Berger, finding that his opponent was a past master in the game, adopted more ingenious tactics, and followed up a series of powerful counters of seconde with a sudden attack on the body. But Mr. Holt was ready with his

149 coup darrt and the bout ended in a double hit. Mr. Montgomerie again came to the rescue of his side with a brilliant victory over M. Collignon, an attack with opposition in the high line arriving on the chest. Mr. Daniell was less fortunate with Dr. Olivier. He fenced patiently for an opening, and finally he attacked on the outside of the arm, but the point passed, and he was hit on the body in a counter attack. Half way through the match the French team led by six hits to three. Mr. Holt opened the third round with M. Alibert, and it was the most prolonged and keenly contested assault of the match. Mr. Holts methods, always deliberately unorthodox, reached the point of eccentricity, but his judgment of distance was admirable, and he put the skill of his formidable adversary to the severest test. Gradually Mr. Holt was driven to the end of the track, where he made a vigorous attack in order to gain ground. M. Alibert jumped back, and Mr. Holt, thinking he was safely out of distance, momentarily lowered his blade. He was completely deceived, for M. Alibert, quick to take advantage of the opportunity, checked his retreat, and, straightening his arm with a rapid advance, got home his point full on the chest, It was a fine finish to a fine fight. Mr. Montgomerie then roused his countrymen to a high pitch of enthusiasm with a brilliant victory over the French captain. He kept a straight arm and point in line, and M. Berger sought to tire him with heavy beats on the blade ; but Mr, Montgomerie made a rapid advance, and deceiving M. Bergers contre de seconde with a double, got home his point on the body. Then followed a series of French victories, for Mr. Daniell lost to M. Collignon and M. Berger, and Mr. Haig was beaten by Dr. Olivier and M. Collignon, while Mr. Montgomerie lost his last fight to M. Alibert. The last assault went in favour of the English team, for Dr. Olivier made a desperate rush at Mr. Holt, and was promptly met with a coup darrt.
SCORES. SEMI-FINAL POOL (1).JULY 22.
FRANCE v. U NITED K INGDOM .

Alibert Berger Collignon Olivier Total fights lost

Daniell Haig Holt Montgomerie Total fights lost

Jury :G. de Lobsdorf (President), R. Nowak, G. Lindblom, Sander. Scorer : G . L. Blake.

150 POOL II.BELGIUM BEAT ITALY.

SEMI-FINAL POOL (2).JULY 22.
ITALY v. BELGIUM.

Bertinetti Mangiarotti Nowak Olivier Total fights lost

Anspach Beaurain Feyerick Rom Total fights lost

Jury :G. Breittmeyer (President), R. W. Doyne, A. Rawlinson, E. B. Milnes, Scorer :P. Doyne.

FINAL POOL. FRANCE BEAT BELGIUM.

SCORES.JULY 23.
FRANCE v. BELGIUM.

Alibert Gravier Lippmann Olivier Total fights lost

Anspach Beaurain Feyerick Rom Total fights lost

Jury :W. H. C. Staveley (President), G. Renard, Marquis de Chasseloup-Laubat, E. B. Milnes, B. Cunliffe. Scorer :G. L. Blake.

PE TEAM MATCHES FOR SECOND PLACE. (1) UNITED KINGDOM BEAT DENMARK.
The United Kingdom met Denmark in the morning, and the Danes, whose manly spirit and excellent fencing were much admired, made a gallant fight. It was fortunate for the home team that Mr. Montgomerie and Mr. Haig were again in good form, Mr. Haig lost only to M. Osiier, and the only hit against Mr. Montgomerie was a double hit in his

151 encounter with M. Becker. Mr. Daniell won half his fights, defeating M. Osiier and M. Sander, but Mr. Holt fenced below his form and failed to win a bout. The United Kingdom led by three hits to one in the first round, but in the second and third rounds the Danes held their own, and the score was only seven to five against them when the last round began. Then Mr. Montgomerie placed his side beyond defeat by making a coup double with M. Becker, and in the next fight Mr. Daniell won the match by defeating M. Levison. Denmark won the last two fights, Mr. Haig losing to M. Osiier and Mr. Holt to M. Sander, and in the end the United Kingdom had a margin of only one point.
SCORES. POOL
DENMARK
FOR

SECOND PLACE.JULY 24.

v. U NITED K INGDOM .

Becker Levisan Osiier Sander

Daniell Haig Holt

Montgomerie Total fights lost Total fights lost

Jury

:Dr. Nagy (President), J. Rodocanachi, A. Pontenani, de Zulavsky, J. Doorman. Scorer :F. Moore.

(2) UNITED KINGDOM BEAT BELGIUM.

This match, which took place in the afternoon after the final of the individual contest, ended in a win for the United Kingdom by nine hits to five, with three assaults unfinished. It was a result very creditable to the British team, for the Belgian swordsmen are formidable antagonists who have shown themselves to be nearly the equals of France on more than one occasion, and in their ten previous encounters with British teams at international meetings they have won seven matches and lost three. They made two changes in the team which lost to France, M. de Montigny, a clever left-handed fencer, and M. Bosmans, who depends upon wellregulated impetuosity and is an adept at cutting the lines, taking the place of M. Beaurain and M. F. Feyerick. Mr. Egerton Castle (the captain) chose Mr. E. M. Amphlett to take the place of Mr. M. V. Holt in the British team. The choice was amply justified, for Mr. Amphlett was

152 in his best form, and contributed largely to the victory of his side. Both Mr. Daniell and Mr. Haig again fenced well, but Mr. Montgomerie was obviously feeling the effects of his severe trial in the individual final. Mr. Amphlett was hit on the sword arm by M. Anspach in his first fight. Mr. Daniell had a double hit with M. Bosmans, and Mr. Montgomerie failed to stop M. Roms attack on the body. But Mr. Haig hit M. de Montigny en pleine poitrine, and the first round ended with three hits to two in favour of Belgium. Mr. Haig then equalised the score, for a double attack in his assault with M. Anspach was decided in favour of the Englishman. Mr. Amphlett then gave the United Kingdom a lead by a light touch on M. Bosmans chest with a running attack, and Mr. Daniell, with a very pretty attack, hit M. de Montigny in a similar manner. But M. Rom hit Mr. Haig on the sword arm, and halfway through the match the score was five to four in favour of the United Kingdom. Mr. Montgomerie went for M. Anspachs foot, and was well stopped on the shoulder; but after a long fight with Mr. Amphlett M. de Montigny attacked with a disengage and was stopped on the neck. Mr. Daniell defeated M. Rom with a beat in seconde and attack on the low line, and Mr. Montgomerie stopped M. Bosmans attack with a well-timed coup darrt on the arm. Thus at the end of the third round the British team were safe from defeat with five hits against eight. In the first fight of the last round Mr. Amphlett beat M. Rom, and the match then being lost the remaining bouts were not contested. The United Kingdom thus won the silver medals.
SCORES. POOL
FOR

SECOND PLACE.JULY 24.

v . BELGIUM.

UNITED KINGDOM

Amphlett Daniell Haig Montgomerie Total fights lost

Anspach Bosman De Montigny Rom Total fights lost

Jury :H. G. Berger (President), G. Breittmeyer, J. Rodocanachi, Van Rossem, Van Loben Sels. Scorer :G. Jacobs.

153
III.SABRE INDIVIDUAL.

In the individual sabre contests each bout was decided by three hits, and only hits above the hips were counted. The United Kingdom was represented by Mr. W. W. Marsh (the British champion), Lieut. E. Brookfield, R.N., Mr. A. C. Murray, Mr. C. A. Wilson, Mr. R. A. Badman, Mr. A. P. Chalke, Mr. D. W. Godfree, Mr. A. V. Keene, Lieut. L. Leith, R.N., and Mr. C. B. Notley. Mr. R. M. P. Willoughby, a member of the British sabre team, had not entered for the individual event, and Lieut. Feilmann, R.N., and Mr. Evan James were absentees. France sent some fine sabre players, including Comte de la Falaise (the French champion), Comte B. de Lesseps, and Comte I. de Lesseps. Both the first and second rounds were triumphs for the Hungarians, who claimed seven of the sixteen places in the semi-final round. Italy and France each obtained only two places, and though Bohemia had only one surviving representative, they had a fine sabre player in M. G. de Lobsdorf, who, it was The confidently expected, would take a high place in the final. performance of the English sabre players was extremely disappointing. Mr. Marsh showed excellent form in both rounds. He won his first pool with only one defeat against him, but he failed to get through the second, being defeated by M. G. de Lobsdorf and M. van de Voodt (Belgium), who makes remarkably good use of the point. Mr. Notley alone reached the semi-final round, and he is to be heartily congratulated upon his success.

FIRST ROUND.
SCORES. POOL 1.JULY 17.

De Mas Matrie Doorman Flesch V. Lada Six Tucek

F. Hol. A. Bo. Bel. Bo. Jury :B. Nagy (President), H. Pollock, A. Syson, Scorer :D. Gordon.

154
POOL 2.JULY 17.

Adam P. Lada Murray Toth V. D. Voodt

G. Bo. U.K. Hun. Bel.

On the tie for second and third places being fought off, Murray was beaten by Toth and Voodt. Jury :C. Moore (President), P. Royds, E. Brierley, W. Wright, A. G. Hall. Scorer :A. C. Amy. POOL 3.JULY 17.

Dina God free Grade Jack Labouchere Renaud

I. U.K. Bel. G. Hol. F.

On the tie for second and third places being fought off, Renaud was beaten by Grade and Jack. Jury :J. Jenkinson (President), F. J. Brett, C. Trueman, S. de Joux, A. Rawlinson. Scorer :C. Montgomerie.

155
POOL 4.JULY 17.

Krenckle Lateux Lichtenfels Marsh Schoemacker

D. F. G. U.K Hol.

On the tie for second and third places being fought off, Lichtenfels was beaten by Lateux and Schoenmacker. Jury :B. Cunliffe (President), A. Pontenani, F. Moore. Scorer :W. Bean.

POOL 5.JULY 18.

De Jong Langevin A. Pirzio-Biroli Schwartz-Neilsen

Holl. F. I. D.

Jury : Nagy (President), J. Jenkinson, A. Rawlinson. Scorer :P. Doyne.

156
POOL 6.JULY 18.

De la Falaise Petri Szantay Van Loben Sels Van Towme

F. G. Hun. Hol. Bel.

Jury :B. Cunliffe (President), A. H. Corble, A. Florio, S. de Joux, C. Trueman. Scorer : G. L. Blake.

POOL 7.JULY 18.

Badman Ceccherini De Bary Foldes I. de Lesseps Van Minden

U.K. I. G. Hun. F. Hol.

On the tie for third place being fought off, Badman beat Van Minden. Scorer :A. L. Todhunter.

157
POOL 8.JULY 18.

Bertinetti B. de Lesseps Gates Krunert Wilson Zulavsky

I. F. S.A. G. U.K. Hun. Jury :H. Pollock (President), E. Brierley, S. de Joux. Scorer :W. Wright POOL 9.JULY 18.

De St. Brisson DU Bosch Gerde Keene Ostrup

F. Bel. Hun. U.K. D.

Von Blijenburgh Hol. Jury :Dr. Nagy (President), D. Gordon, J. Jenkinson. Scorer :C. Hancock.

158
POOL 10.JULY 18.

Anspach Apati Brookfield De Lobsdorf Mikorski Pietro Santa Stohr

Bel. Hun. U.K. Bo. F. I. G.

Van Schreven Hol. Signifies No fight. Jury :43. Cunliffe (President), A. Florio, A. H. Corble. Scorer :J. Pollock. POOL 11JULY 18.

Fuchs Lockhart Leith Moldenhauer Pinelli Tvrsky Van Hulstijn

Hun. U.K. G. I. Bo. Hol. Jury :C. Moore (President), F. J. Brett, A. G. Hall. Scorer :A. L. Todhunter.

159
POOL 12.JULY 18.

Chapuis Naumann Notley Schjebal Simonson Van Rossem

F. G. U.K. Bo. Bel. Hol.

Jury :Dr. Nagy (President), E. Brierley, D. Gordon, A. Kersteven, F. J. Brett. Scorer :G. B. Dibblee. POOL 13.JULY 18.

Chalke U.K. De Beaufort Hol. Tucek Nowak Perrodon Werkner Schon Bo. I. F. Hun. G. Jury :J. Jenkinson (President), E. Brierley, S. de Joux. Scorer :G. Alexander.

160
SECOND ROUND. POOL 1.JULY 20.

Schoemacker Fuchs Kotley Grade Lateux

Hol. Hun. U.K. Bel. F.

On the tie for second place being fought off, Notley beat Schoemacker and Grade. Jury :B. Cunliffe (President), H. Pollock, E. Brierley. Scorer :A. Cresswell.

POOL 2.JULY 20.

Badman Van Rossem Jack Werkner Foldes

U.K. Hol. G. Hun. Hun. Jury :Dr. Nagy (President), P. Royds, D. Gordon. Scorer :A. C. Amy.

FOOTBALL. THE UNITED KINGDOM ELEVEN, WINNERS OF THE ASSOCIATIONS CHALLENGE TROPHY.

GYMNASTICS.FRANCE IN THE TEAM COMPETITION.

GYMNASTICS.EXERCISES BY THE DANISH LADIES.

161 POOL 3.JULY 20.

Van de Voodt Marsh Nowak De Jong De Lobsdorf

Bel. U. K. I. Hol. Bo.

Jury : C. Moore (President), A. Syson, S. de Joux. Scorer : G. L. Blake.

POOL 4. JULY 20.

Zulavsky B. de Lesseps Tvrsky Schjebal

Hun. F. Bo. Bo.

Jury : J. Jenkinson (President), A. Pontenani, F. J. Brett, Scorer : C. Montgomerie.

162
POOL 5.J ULY 20.

P. Lada Anspach Gerde Schon Ceccherini

Bo. Bel. Hun. G. I. Jury : Dr. Nagy (President), C. Trueman, W. Wright. Scorer : F. Moore.

POOL 6.JULY 20.

Labouchere Flesch Szantay Von Blijenburgh Toth

Hol. A. Hun. Hol. Hun.

Jury : J. Jenkinson (President), P. Royds, D. Gordon, A. Syson, A. H. Corble. Scorer : C. Montgomerie.

163
POOL 7.JULY 20.

V. Lada Pirzio-Biroli Bertinett Doorman Petri

Bo. I. I. Hol. G. On the tie for second place being fought off, Doorman beat Petri. Jury : C. Moore (President), A. Pontenani, S. de Joux. Scorer : A. C. Amy.

POOL 8.J ULY 20.

Apati Ostrup Schwartz-Nielsen De la Falaise

Hun. D. D. F.

On the tie for first and second places being fought off, Apati was beaten by Ostrup and De la Falaise, and Ostrup by De la Falaise. Jury : B. Cunliffe (President), E. Brierley, F. J. Brett. Scorer : G. L. Blake. L2

164

THE SEMI-FINAL AND FINAL ROUNDS.

Mr. C. Barry Notley, who alone of all the British sabre players reached the semi-final round, failed to make further progress, and it was generally expected that the winner of the gold medal would be either M. Fuchs, of Hungary, or M. G. de Lobsdorf, of Bohemia. The sabre play in their assault was very fine. The Hungarian is a small man, and he was at a considerable disadvantage in meeting the tall and thin Bohemian; but he fenced very cleverly, and when the time limit had expired neither of them had obtained three hits. In accordance with the rules a defeat was recorded against each of them. M. Fuchs defeated all his other opponents. M. de Lobsdorf was not as fortunate, for he was defeated by M. Toth and M. Zulavsky, both of Hungary, the latter of whom lost only to M. Fuchs, with whom he tied for the first place. The tie was decided in one hit, and M. Fuchs won the gold medal by parrying his opponents attack and riposting with a cut on the head. M. Zulavsky gained the silver medal, and the other competitors in the final received bronze medals.
SCORES. POOL 1.JULY 23.

Werkner Hun. Notley U.K. I.

Bertinetti

B. de Lesseps F. Szantay Hun.

De la Falaise F. Fuchs Foldes Hun. Hun.

Jury : Col. Rolt (President) , B. Cunliffe, C. Trueman, Dr. Nagy, W. Wright. Scorer : F. Moore.

165
POOL 2.JULY 23.

Ceccherini Gerde Voodt Toth Zulavsky Doorman

I. Hun. Bel. Hun. Hun. Hol.

De Lobsdorf Bo. Ostrup D.

Jury : Col. Rolt (President), J. Jenkinson, D. Gordon, C. Trueman, S. de Joux. Scorer : E. Brierley.

THE FINAL.

SCORES.FINAL POOL.JULY 24. Won by Fuchs (Hungary).

Fuchs Werkner Szantay De la Falaise Toth Zulavsky Doorman

Hun. Hun. Hun. F. Hun. Hun. Hol.

De Lobsdorf Bo. Jury : J. Jenkinson (President), H. Pollock, B. Cunliffe, A. Syson. Scorer : G. L. Blake.

166
IV.SABRE TEAM COMPETITION.

PRELIMINARY HEATS. The United Kingdom were drawn against Italy, and although they were somewhat severely defeated, they fenced in far better style than the appended score seems to indicate. Mr. Marsh won his first fight with Signor Ceccherinithe only success which was obtained in the first roundand although he failed to gain another victory he had the ill-luck to lose on the odd hit. A similar fate befell Mr. Evan James, whose only win was against Signor Olivier. Mr. A. C. Murray lost his first assault with Signor Olivier, but like Mr. Montgomerie in the pe match, he saved his side from an overwhelming defeat, by winning his other three fights.
(1) ITALY BEAT THE UNITED KINGDOM. SCORES. PRELIMINARY.JULY 21. UNITED KINGDOM. v.

ITALY

Bertinetti Ceccherini Olivier Biroli Total fights lost

James Marsh Murray Wilson Total fights lost

Jury : Dr. Nagy (President), A. Pontenani, A. Florio, Colonel Rolt. Scorer : G. L. Blake.

(2)
BELGIUM

FRANCE

BEAT

BELGIUM.
F RANCE .

SCORES. PRELIMINARY.JULY 21. v.

Du Bosch Grade Van Towme Van de Voodt Total fights lost

De la Falaise B. de Lesseps Perrodon Renaud Total fights lost

Jury : Colonel Rolt (President), B. Cunliffe, J. Jenkinson, C. Moore, H. Pollock. Scorer : F. Moore.

167

(3) BOHEMIA BEAT HOLLAND.

BOHEMIA SCORES. PRELIMINARY.JULY 21. v. HOLLAND.

P. Lada V. Lada De Lobsdorf Schjebal Total fights lost

Doorman De Jong Van Rossem Van Loben Sels Total fights lost

Jury : Dr. Nagy (President), B. Cunliffe, C. Moore, W. Wright, H. Brierley. Scorer : F. Moore.

(4) HUNGARY BEAT GERMANY.

This was a very remarkable match from the fact that, as far as my experience goes, it is the first time one international team has fought another without receiving a single scratch.
SCORES. PRELIMINARY .J ULY 22. v.

GERMANY

H UNGARY .

De Bary Kreunert Petri Jack Total fights lost

Fuchs Gerde Toth Werkner Total fights lost

Jury : Col. Rolt (President), D. Gordon, S. de Joux, A. Pontenani, A. Florio. Scorer : F. C. Reynolds.

SEMI-FINAL ROUND. In the semi-final round Bohemia defeated the French team after an exciting finish. The Bohemians were secure from defeat, with the score at five to eight in their favour, when but two bouts remained to be contested. Then Comte B. de Lesseps obtained a brilliant victory over the

168 formidable M. G. de Lobsdorf by three hits to one, scoring each time with the point. In the last assault M. Perrodon had to defeat M. Schejbal in order to make a tie, and the excitement was intense when the score was announced as two hits against each. M. Schejbal obtained the last hit, and Bohemia secured a well-deserved victory by two points.

(1) BOHEMIA BEAT FRANCE.

SCORES. SEMI-FINAL (1).JULY 22. BOHEMIA v. FRANCE.

P. Lada V. Lada De Lobsdorf Schjebal Total fights lost

De la Falaise B. de Lesseps Perrodon Renaud Total fights lost

Jury : Col. Rolt (President), C. Moore, J. Jenkinson, E. Brierley, B. Cunliffe. Scorer : G. Jacobs.

(2) HUNGARY BEAT ITALY.

SCORE. SEMI-FINAL (2).JULY 22. ITALY v. H UNGARY .

Bertinetti Ceccherini Olivier Biroli Total fights lost

Foldes Fuchs Gerde Toth Total fights lost

Jury : Col. Rolt (President), B. Cunliffe, A. Pontenani, C. Moore, Dr. Nagy. Scorer : F. Moore.

169

FINAL. HUNGARY BEAT BOHEMIA.

SCORES. FINAL.JULY 23.

HUNGARY

v.

BOHEMIA.

Fuchs Gerde Toth Werkner Total fights lost

De Lobsdorf Tucek V. Lada Schejbal Total fights lost

Jury: Col. Rolt (President), B. Cunliffe, C. Truman, S. de Joux. Scorer: A. C. Amy.

POOLS FOR SECOND PLACE. Owing to the method of drawing heats for the team fights, in accordance with the published regulations, it was fair and necessary in these competitions that countries defeated by the winning team should meet each other and fight extra pools for the second place. The Belgians had readily agreed to this condition in the pe team matches; but the Bohemians, in the sabre-team matches, declined to accept it, forgetting that if the luck of the draw had brought them against Hungary in a preliminary round, they would not have been in the final at all. The silver medals were therefore awarded to the Italian team, who beat Germany. SCORES.
POOL FOR SECOND PLACE.JULY 24 ITALY. v. GERMANY

De Bary Jack Kreunert Petri Total fights lost

Nowak Biroli Olivier Bertinetti Total fights lost

Jury: Col. Rolt (President), B. Cunliffe, E. Brierley, S. de Joux, J. Jenkinson. S c o r e r : G. L. Blake

170
V.FOIL DISPLAY,

The Committee of the A.F.A. decided that the rules and conventions of foil-play rendered that weapon unsuitable for international competition. To base decisions purely on the hits scored encourages a degraded form of foil-play, and the differences of style in so many nations would have made it an invidious matter to take form into consideration. It was therefore decided to invite the various nations to select two representatives to take part in a foil display. The Entries were received from thirteen different countries. was entrusted to selection of the United Kingdom representatives Mr. W. H. C. Staveley, who, after preliminary trials, submitted the names of J. Jenkinson (Amateur Champion 1902, 1903, 1904, retiring undefeated) and R. L. Montgomerie (Amateur, Champion 1905, 1908) to the A.F.A., who approved of his choice. M. Okker, of Holland, replaced, in the second bout, Herr F. Flesch, of Austria, who unfortunately could not take part in the display. The display took place at Princes Galleries, Piccadilly, on the evening of July 23. Miss Millicent Hall (Lady Foil Champion 1907, 1908), by special invitation, fenced with J. Jenkinson, and gave an exhibition of sound foil-play. The form shown by Montgomerie, in spite of a weeks continuous pe-play, fully justified his selection, and his assault with J. Jenkinson, whose fencing was as correct and brilliant as ever, was quite equal to that of any other country. It is of interest to record that of the twelve countries who took part, eight fought in the French style, and four used the Italian arm and methods. Mr. A. S. Cope, A.R.A., drew the design for the programme cover, which is reproduced in later pages of this Report. The programme was arranged as follows :

PART I.
UNITED KINGDOM ,, HOLLAND NORWAY BOHEMIA ,, DENMARK ,, BELGIUM ,, ITALY

,,

Mr. J. Jenkinson. Mr. R. L. Montgomerie. Mons. S. Okker. Mr. H. Bergsland. Herr V. Goppold de Lobsdorf. Herr J. Lada. Mr. Einar Levison, M.A. Lieut. H. Sander. Mons. Berr. Mons. Dolori. Signor R. Nowak. Signor A. Olivier.

171

PART II.
1. SOUTH AFRICA CANADA 2. HOLLAND ,, 3. HUNGARY ,, 4. GERMANY ,, 5. LADY FOIL CHAMPION OF UNITED KINGDOM 1907, 1908 FOIL CHAMPION OF UNITED KINGDOM 1902, 1903, 1904 6. FRANCE ,, Mr. W. P. Gate. Mr. P. E. Nobbs. Mons. S. Okker Mons. Dringen. Herr P. Toth. Herr B. Zulavsky. Herr A. Naumann, Herr J. Erckrath de Bary. Miss Millicent Hall. Mr. J. Jenkinson Mons. Quenessen. Dr. E. Olivier.

Mr. W. H. C. Staveley directed the assaults, and among the large and brilliant company present were General Brugre, of the French Ministry of War, Sir Cosmo Duff Gordon, Sir Frederick Pollock, M. Henri-Georges Berger, Dr. Bela Nagy, and Captain Alfred Hutton, President of the Amateur Fencing Association. Fencing is one of those sports in which England is almost exactly in the position towards other countries which they have held towards us, until quite lately, in several other forms of sport. For if we can claim to have begun their education in some directions in which the pupil has occasionally outdone the master, it is they who have taught us all we know of fencing ; and the Olympic competitions of 1908 were the most important ever organised in this country. It is, therefore, appropriate that I should add a few words of suggestion for the future in this respect out of regard for the debt all British fencers feel to foreign swordsmen. Team competitions, both with pe and sabre, should in future precede all individual competitions with the same weapons in the programme of the Tournament. There are several reasons for this. Many good judges attach more importance to the individual fighting ; no competitor cares to face the possibility of an individual pool and a team fight in the same afternoon ; acquaintance with individual peculiarities in swordplay would confer an undue advantage on an opponent in a team fight, and this advantage is removed by setting the individual contests last. Finally, all teams defeated by the winning team should fight off for second honours ; and in such contests it is eminently desirable that the element of luck should be as far as possible eliminated.

172 We had ninety-nine entries for the pe and ninety-five for the sabre individual competitions, which made it necessary to eliminate five men out of eight in the preliminary pools, and three out of five in the second round. This could be avoided by limiting the entries from each country to eight instead of twelvequite a sufficiently representative number. Again, the total in each pool need not be limited to eight, and final pools should consist of nine, so that three swordsmen may qualify from each of three semi-final pools. When the time available is sufficiently long it is also advisable to avoid asking any competitor to fight with both pe and sabre on the same day. With regard to the weapons used, the modern pommeau of the pe needs very careful consideration by any committee drawing up the measurements allowable for future contests ; and the same caution should be observed with regard to the weight of the sabres, for both the Hungarian and the Italian sabres used in 1908 were much lighter than usual, and the Hungarian sabre-play was the most brilliant feature of the Olympic competitions. The duties of the Director of Combats and of the jury generally were stated in the original Fencing Rules, and have been amplified in the form in which they are published in this volume. They need very careful consideration in future meetings, and should be definitely codified and accepted some time before competitions begin.

173

FOOTBALL.
I.ASSOCIATION.

FIRST ROUND. Hungary and Bohemia had to scratch, owing to political trouble in the Balkans, and the eight original entries were thus reduced to six. (1) DENMARK BEAT FRANCE (B) BY 9 TO 0.
DENMARK. L. Drescher (Copenhagen F.C.), goal ; C. Buchwald (Academicals), H. Hansen (93 Club), backs H. L. Bohr (Academicals), K. Middelboe (Copenhagen F.C.) (capt.), N. Middelboe (Copenhagen F.C.), half-backs ; N. O. Nielsen (Copenhagen F.C.), A. W. Lindgreen (93 Club), S. E. Nielsen (Frem F.C.), V. Wolffhagen (Copenhagen F.C.), M. Andersen (Frem F.C.), forwards. FRANCE (B TEAM). F. Desrousseaux (U.S. Tourquennoise), goal ; J. Verlet (C.A. de Paris) (capt.), Ch. Bilot (C.A. de Paris), backs ; S. Dastarac (Gallia Club); R. Gressier (R.C. de Calais), J. Vialaret (C.R. de Paris), half-backs ; P. Six (Olympique de Lillois), A. Jenicot (R.C. de Roubaix), H. Holgard (Amiens A.C.), P. Marthaux (U.S. Boulonnaise), A. Filez (U.S. Tourquennoise), forwards. Referee : Mr. T. Kyle (Berks and Bucks). Linesmen : Messrs. E. C. Jarvis (Hampshire) and L. F. Morrison (Herts).

On the afternoon of October 19, after twelve minutes, N. Middelboe scored the first goal for the Danes. Five minutes later Wolffhagen kicked the second, and soon afterwards the third. Bohr made it four to love by half-time. Bohr and N. Middelboe again increased the total after the interval, and the Danes kept on shooting till the finish, when they won by 9 to 0. The French were not able to play their best team, and only troubled the Danish goalkeeper two or three times during the game. The turf in the centre of the Stadium was slippery, and the weather both misty and uncomfortable.

174

(2) UNITED KINGDOM BEAT SWEDEN BY 12 TO 1.

UNITED KINGDOM. H. P. Bailey (Leicester Fosse), goal ; W. S. Corbett (Birmingham), H. Smith (Oxford City), backs ; K. R. G. Hunt (Wolverhampton Wanderers), F. W. Chapman (South Nottinghamshire), R. M. Hawkes (Luton), half-backs ; A. Berry (Oxford University), V. J. Woodward (Tottenham Hotspur), H. Stapley (Glossop), C. Purnell (Clapton), H. P. Hardman (Northern Nomads), forwards. SWEDEN. Oscar Bengtson (Bothenburg), goal ; A. Fjaestad (Stockholm), T. Malm (Stockholm), backs ; Sven Olsson (Gothenburg), H. Lindman (Uppsala), O. Olsson (Eskinlstuna), half-backs ; S. Almkvist (Uppsala), G. Bergstroem (Gottenburg), K. Gustafson (Koepings), S. Olsson (Stockholm), K. Ansen (Stockholm), forwards. Referee : Mr. J. T. Ibbotson (Derbyshire). Linesmen : Mr. M. C. Frowde (Dorset) and Lieut. W. C. Clover (Army).

On the afternoon of October 20 this match was played on the grass in the middle of the Stadium, the English team being amateurs chosen by the Football Association. The Swedes were beaten by 12 goals to one, but the difference would have been by no means as great if their forwards had been able to keep cool when in front of goal instead of shooting wildly. This excitement was doubtless due to a want of experience, and nothing but time can cure it. Except when they were near goal, the forwards were good, being very fast and not to be put off their game by charging or bustling. S. Olsson and the two outsides, Ansen and Almkvist, were especially Circumstances were favourable to them, for as Hawkes was good. generally out of his place the right wing often had to deal with no one but Smith who, besides being slower than he was, cannot kick unless the ball is coming straight to him. Hunt and Chapman played a sound game, but as a rule a rush by the Swedes did not come to an end until the, shot had been taken. Although the home forwards did not play particularly well, it was soon seen that the Swedish backs and half-backs were no match for them, and when Woodward and Berry began to interchange places, the back and half-back opposed to them were bewildered. Like the home team, the Swedes were very much stronger in attack than in

175 defence. Their goalkeeper did many clever things, and it was not his fault that his side was so severely beaten. The Swedes ought to have scored the first goal of the match, for from a long kick to the left wing Ansen took the ball up the ground at a great pace, passing beautifully to Bergstroem, who, coming with a rush, had the misfortune to hit the post with his shot. Goals were then scored so quickly for the home team by Stapley, Woodward, Berry, and Chapman that the Swedes seemed in danger of going to pieces, but they rallied with great pluck. Taking advantage of the absence of Hawkes, who was among the forwards, the right wing ran up very quickly, and easily eluding Smith, Almkvist passed straight to the unmarked centre, only to see him shoot wildly. Before half-time the score of the home team had been increased by For nearly half an hour after the Purnell (twice) and Woodward. interval the Swedes held their own, and not only prevented the home team from scoring, but missed several good chances. At last, after they made a long and determined attack, they were rewarded with success, Bergstroem sending the ball into the net off Chapman. This was their last effort, and goals were scored in quick succession against them by Purnell (two), Hawkes (two), and Stapley.

SEMI-FINAL ROUND. (1) DENMARK BEAT FRANCE (A) BY 17 TO 1

FRANCE (A TEAM). M. Tillette (U.S. Boulonnaise), goal ; J. Dubly (R.C. de Roubaix), V. Wibaut (Olympique Lillois), backs ; G. Bayrou (Gallia C. de Paris), L. Schubart (Olympique Lillois), C. Renaux (R.C. de Roubaix), half-backs ; R. Tenouilliere (Red Star A.C. de Paris), G . Cypres (C.A. de Paris), A. Francois (R.C. de Roubaix), G. Albert (C.A. de Paris), E. Sartorius (R.C. de Roubaix), forwards.

DENMARK. L. Drescher (Copenhagen F.C.), goal ; C. Buchwald (Academicals), H. Hansen (93 Club), backs ; H. L. Bohr (Academicals), K. Middelboe (Copenhagen F.C.), N. Middelboe (Copenhagen F.C.), half-backs ; J. Dandill (93 Club), A. W. Lindgreen (93 Club), S. E. Nielsen (Frem F.C.), V. Wolffhagen (Copenhagen F.C.), B. V. R. Rasmussen, forwards. Referee : Mr. T. P, Campbell. Linesmen : F. Lockwood (Kent) and A. C. Hines (Notts).

176 In the absence of the three selected half-backs, and with a goalkeeper who was occasionally brilliant but generally most indifferent, this eleven proved to be even weaker in defence than the second team. The forwards were not bad individually, but had little idea of combination, and passed much too hard. Nor did the half-backs know how to feed them, so that they never had a chance of carrying out a serious attack, although they often took the ball into Danish quarters. As a full back Wibaut had many strong points, and could kick well. The match was merely a repetition of Denmark v. France (B), with the exception that the French goalkeeper was greatly inferior to Desrousseaux, and that the Danish defence, which had not been tested on Monday, was found to be sadly wanting. In both matches the Frenchmen, particularly the backs and half-backs, were by far too much given to waiting on an opponent who had the ball instead of going for him. Of the actual play there is little to be said. Denmark at once attacked, and in about five minutes Nielsen scored three goals. Then for the first time France became aggressive, but although the two Danish backs and the goalkeeper each made a Lad mistake which ought to have proved fatal, the French forwards made no attempt whatever to seize their chances. Another bad mistake by one of the Danish backs had not so fortunate an ending for his side, for Sartorius, coming clear, and running on without hesitation, shot well and at the right time, and gave the Frenchmen their only goal. Before half-time Lindgreen (twice) and Nielsen added to the Danish score. In the second half the Frenchmen occasionally made inroads into Danish territory, but could never push their attacks home, while goals were scored for Denmark by Nielsen (six), Wolffhagen (four), and N. Middelboe.

2) UNITED KINGDOM BEAT HOLLAND BY 4 TO 0.

T EAMS:

UNITED KINGDOM.
H. P. Bailey (Leicester Fosse), goal ; W. S. Corbett (Birmingham), H. Smith (Oxford City), backs ; K. R. G. Hunt (Wolverhampton Wanderers), F. W. Chapman (South Nottinghamshire), R. M. Hawkes (Luton), half-backs ; A. Berry (Oxford University), V. J. Woodward (Tottenham Hotspur), H. Stapley (Glossop), C. Purnell (Clapton) H. P. Hardman (Northern Nomads), forwards.

GYMNASTICS.DISPLAY BY THE DANISH LADIES.

GYMNASTICS.DISPLAY BY THE POLYTECHNIC LADIES.

HOCKEY.FRANCE v. ENGLAND.

THE ENGLISH CAPTAIN RUNS DOWN THE FIELD.

HOCKEY.GERMANY v. SCOTLAND.

THE SCOTCH SCORE A GOAL.

177
HOLLAND. R. Breuwkes (Dordrecht), goal ; K. Hejting (H.V.V., The Hague), L. Otten (Quick F.C., The Hague), backs ; F. Sol (H.V.V., The Hague), J. M. de Korver (Sparta, Rotterdam), F. J. Mundt (H.V.V., The Hague), half-backs ; J. H. Welcker (Quick F.C., The Hague), E. Snetlage (Quick F.C., The Hague), F. S. Reemen (Quick F.C., The Hague), J. Thomee (Concordia F.C., Delft), G. F. de Bruyn Kops (H.B.S., The Hague), forwards. Referee : Mr. J. T. Howcroft. Linesmen : H. Gray (Durham) and W. E. Roberts (Sussex).

The visitors from the first created a favourable impression, being stalwart and fast, quick on the ball, and fairly clever with their feet. Their defence was very strong, the backs being cool and resourceful. The forwards had evidently been well trained in passing, but their adherence to routine was carried to excess. With a little more confidence in their own powers and better judgment in shooting they would have gone very near to winning, especially as the English team did not show to great advantage in any department, and the wing forwards alone gave evidence of international form. The Dutch goalkeeper early in the game was called upon to deal with a number of shots, but he was equal to all demands. For Holland Snetlage was often conspicuous, but he was somewhat too unselfisha failing which developed as the game proceeded. Nothing was scored until but a few minutes remained of the first half, and so well was the Dutch goal covered that up to this point there was little promise of success for the somewhat feeble efforts of the English forwards. A lucky goal, however, now fell to the home team, Stapley back-heeling the ball somewhat speculatively and seeing it trickle into the net off the goalkeepers hand and the post. In the second half a blunder by Corbett left the visiting forwards in possession near goal, but Bailey was able to stop the ensuing shot. Stapley scored again, being presented with a clear run between the backs after a free kick, and the same player gained another point within a few minutes by meeting one of Hardmans high middles close up. A fourth goal fell to Stapley from a pass forward by Chapman which again left him an opening between the backs. Welcker made a number of good runs and middles for Holland, but his comrades could not turn them to account, and the half-backs were not very skilful in supporting an attack, the game ending in favour of the United Kingdom by four goals to none.
M

178

FINAL. UNITED KINGDOM BEAT DENMARK BY 2 TO 0. TEAMS :

UNITED KINGDOM. H. P. Bailey Leicester Fosse), goal ; W. S. Corbett (Birmingham), H. Smith (Oxford City), backs ; K. R. G. Hunt (Wolverhampton Wanderers), F. W. Chapman (South Nottinghamshire), R. M. Hawkes (Luton), half-backs ; A. Berry (Oxford University), V. J. Woodward (Tottenham Hotspur) (capt.), H. Stapley (Glossop), C. Purnell (Clapton), H. P. Hardman (Northern Nomads), forwards. DENMARK. L. Drescher (Copenhagen F.C.), goal ; C. Buchwald (Acadcmicals), H. Hansen (93 Club), backs ; H. L. Bohr (Academicals), K. Middelboe (Copenhagen F.C.) (capt.), N. Middleboe (Copenhagen F.C.), half-backs ; N. C. O. Nielsen (Copenhagen F.C.), A. W. Lindgreen (93 Club), S. E. Nielsen (Frem F.C.), V. Wolffhagen (Copenhagen F.C.), B. V. R. Rasmussen (forwards). Referee : Mr. J. Lewis (Lancashire). Linesmen : Messrs. F. Styles (Northants) and H. Woollett (London).

It was the general opinion that though the United Kingdom won by two goals to none, even this slight difference in score rather flattered the winners, who did not often show real international form. Denmark, on the other hand, displayed the greatest vigour and determination, with far more pace and dash than they had against France, and they played much better together than our own men. K. Middelboe, at centre-half, fed his forwards with persistent accuracy. The first English goal was scored when Drescher slipped in the Danish net and was unable to attempt to stop Chapman, not long after the start. After this the Danish halves continually spoilt the English attacks and prevented them getting anything like a combined movement. Lindgreen had got past everyone but Bailey when Hawkes just stopped him in time. Soon after, Drescher made a clever save from Stapley. Purnells goal was disallowed for offside play. Woodward was too carefully watched to be able to shoot. After half-time Denmark started with a vigorous rush, and for some time had the best of the game, though their forwards did not shoot well when they had a chance. Bailey was equal to his work, and had more of it than he liked. After twenty minutes, Woodward scored for England

179 with a magnificent shot quite out of Dreschers reach. The Danes seemed only inspired to even greater efforts by their second reverse, and Lindgreen was loudly cheered for a long run which was only ended without a score when Bailey threw himself full-length at the ball. The game went up and down the field, and Denmark was doing more than her share of pressing when the whistle sounded, and the United Kingdom won a hard-fought game by two to love. Holland and Sweden also played for the consolation stakes, and Holland scored two goals to one from Sweden, who were rather unlucky in not getting a second. The bronze medals therefore went to Holland, the silver to Denmark, and the gold to the United Kingdom. These were given away on October 24 in the Stadium, before a crowd of some 8,000 spectators, by the Rt. Hon. J. Bell, the Lord Mayor of London, who attended in state with Lady Bell, the Sheriffs, and the Sword and Mace-Bearers. Among others present were Lord Kinnaird, the Right Hon. A. J. Balfour, Lord and Lady Desborough, Baron and Baroness de Tuyll, Count Brunetta dUsseaux, Lord Roberts, V.C., and many more.
II.RUGBY.

Cornwall, the champion county of the previous season, was chosen by the Rugby Union Committee to represent the United Kingdom and play the Australians in the Stadium, a course which was somewhat lacking in interest, as the Australians had beaten Cornwall on a previous occasion when ten of the same men were playing ; and only three of their fifteen had ever represented this country. As was only natural, the Cornishmen were defeated, even worse than they had been at Camborne some three weeks before, and the Australians took the gold medals, after winning a game that was by no means representative of the strength of this country, by 32 points to 3.
TEAMS :

THE AUSTRALIANS. P. Carmichael (Queensland), back ; C. Russell (Glebe), D. B. Carroll (St. Georges), J. Hickey (Glebe), F. Bede-Smith (Central Western), three-quarterbacks ; C. McKivatt (Glebe), half-back ; A. J. McCabe (S. Sydney), five-eighth ; T. Griffen (Clebe), J. Barnett (Newtown), P. McCue (Newtown), I. Middleton (Glebe), T. Richards (Queensland), M. McArthur (Eastern Suburbs), C. McMurtrie (Central Western), R. R. Craig (Balmain), forwards

M 2

180
UNITED KINGDOM. E. J. Jackett (Falmouth), back ; Barney Solomon (Redruth), B. Solomon (Redruth), F. Dean (Albion), J. T. Jose (Albion), three-quarter backs ; T. G. Wedge (St. Ives), J. Davey (Coventry), half-backs ; R Jackett (Falmouth), E. J. Jones (Plymouth), A. J. Wilson (Camborne Students), N. Tregurtha (St. Ives), A. Laurey (Redruth), J. Marshall (Albion), J. Willcocks (Plymouth), J. Trevaskis (St. Ives), forwards. Referee : Mr. F. C. Potter-Irwin (Rugby Union Committee).

The Colonials took the lead in the first five minutes, were ten points up in twenty minutes, and by good following up and remarkable speed outside, they scored pretty much as they liked on somewhat slippery ground in dull and rather dark weather. Cornwall had weight in the scrummages but were usually beaten for the ball, especially in the open play preferred by the Australians, who were without both their captain and vice-captain, while B. Solomon, of Redruth, took the place of Bennetts on the Cornish side. Jackett, as usual, played well at back, but was, of course, unable to turn the tide. The only try his fifteen secured was when Davey passed cleverly to B. Solomon, who ran in, but it was not converted. The Australians last try was added by McCabe in a strong run from the centre.

181

GYMNASTICS.
In the Stadium, on July 14, 15, and 16, 1908. GYMNASTIC COMMITTEE OF THE B.O.C. : GUY M. CAMPBELL, F.R.G.S. ; E. LAWRENCE LEVY (Hon. Sec. Federated Amateur Gymnastic Associations of Great Britain and Ireland) ; C OLONEL G. M. ONSLOW; ARTHUR G. MEARS; CHARLES J. WEST. Prizes : Individual competition (Heptathlon). 1st Prize. Gold Olympic Medal. Silver 2nd Bronze 3rd Team Competition. 1st Prize. 1 Gold Olympic Medal to the team. Silver Olympic Medal to each member of team. 1 Silver Olympic Medal to the team. 2nd Bronze Olympic Medal to each member of team. I.INDIVIDUAL COMPETITIONS (20 entries allowed from each nation). Voluntary Exercises. 1. Horizontal Bar, swinging movements. 2. Horizontal Bar, slow movements. 3. Parallel Bars, slow and swinging movements. 4. Rings, stationary. 5. Rings, swinging. 6. Pommelled Horse, quick movements. 7. Rope climbing. Every competitor must take part in every item. II.TEAM COMPETITIONS (1 team to represent each country). Voluntary Mass Exercises. The exercises may be those known as free gymnastics or exercises with hand apparatus, or any combination of both or either. Teams of not less than 16 nor more than 40. Time limit, 30 minutes. III.DISPLAYS, NON-COMPETITIVE. With Commemorative Medals. Open to women. LIST OF COMPETITORS FOR HEPTATHLON. BELGIUM. Messrs. A. De Buck, J. van Guysca. BOHEMIA. Messrs. J. Czada, B. Honzatko. CANADA. Messrs. G. A. Keith, O. Elliott.

182 FINLAND. Messrs. E. Kosonen, R. Korhonen, J. Partanen, J. Saarivuori, T. Teivonen. FIANCE. Messrs. E. E. Boislve, A. Castille, F. Castille, J. Castigliano, G. Charmoille, A. Costa, It. Diaz, V. Dubois, D. Foliate,i, E. Gauthier, F. Lekim, M. Lalu, Paulin Lemaire, J. Lux, G. Mounier, F. Nidal, G. Ratclot, J. Rolland, L. Segurra, G. Thurnheer. GERMANY. Messrs. K. Borchert, A. Ehrich, P. Fischer, G. Karth, W. Kaufmann, Krting, "1". Krmer, H. Siebenhaar, A. Steuernagel, W. Weber, F. Wolf. HOLLAND. Messrs. C. Becker, M. Bid, 11. Blom, J. Bott, E. Bronwer, J. H. Flemer, J. Gondeket, D. Janssen, J. Kieff, A. Mok, J. Posthumus, J. slier, J. Stikkelman, H. Thysen, C. van Daalen, H. van Leeuwen, G. Westing. HUNGARy. Messrs. M. Antos, E. Gellert, F. Graf, J. Nyisztor, C. Szabo, G. Szes. ITALY. Messrs. G. A. Braglia, C. Otello, G. Romano. NORWAY. Messrs. C. Carlsrud, P. Hol, E. Ingebretsen, M. P. Jespersen, O. Iversen, C. Ix'lath, F. Olsen, J. Skrataas. Mr. Moullos. TURKEY.

UNITED KINGDOM. Messrs. E. Aspinall, G. Bailey, O. Bauscher, J. Cook, F. B. Dick, S. Domville, E. Dyson, W. Fergus, A. Ford, J. Graham, It. Hanley, L. Hanson, A. Hodges, S. Hodgetts, G. Meade, E. W. Potts, C. H. Smith, W. TysaIl, J. A. Walters, W. Watters. SQUADDING OF COMPETITORS FOR THE HEPTATHLON* Tuesday, July 14, at 2.30. HORIZONTAL BAR, HORIZONTAL BAR. Swinging Movements. Slow Movements.
A B

SQUAD ORDER.

[664 945 [1 33 [982 1129 181 7 789 667 * The names brackets,

376

Trippel, C., Germany.] Szcs, G., Hungary. Franta, E., Bohemia.] Bertinotti, R., Italy.] Boislve E., France. O l s e n , F., Norway. Waiters, W., U . K . Slier, J., Holland. Weber, W., Germany.

18 1o Tysall, W., U.K. [653 Schwarz, K., Germany.] [86o Gerhauser, A., Hungary. ] 59 De Buck, A.; Belgium. [1030 Innocenti, F., Italy.] 537 Ratelot, G., France. [642 Rank, M., Germany.] 1o96 Carlsrud, C., Norway. 1525 Graham, J., U.K. 76o van Leeuwen,H.N.,Holland. of competitors who did not appear are printed in square

183
SQUAD ORDER. PARALLEL BARS. RINGS, Stationary.

Bronwer, E., Holland. Hodgetts, S., U.K. Simon, W., Germany.] Spcz, E., Hungary.] Teivonen, T., Finland. Behme, Germany.] Mazzarocchi, S., Italy.] Domville, S., U.K. Thysen, H., Holland. Diaz, R., France.
SQUAD ORDER, RINGS, Swinging. E

Iversen, O., Norway. Flemer, J., Holland. Hodges, A., U.K. Schnecker, Germany.] Antos, N., Hungary. Keith, Canada. Racchetta, Italy.] Lux, J., France. Meade, G., U.K.
VAULTING HORSE. F

Gubiani, M., Italy.] Steuernagel, Germa ny. Gondeket, J., Holland. Watters, W., U.K. Saarivuori, J., Finland. Mounier, G., France. Blom, R., Holland. Nidal, F., France. Mazzoncini, Italy.]
SQUAD ORDER. ROPE.

Castille, A., France. Klath, C., Norway. Kallner, Germany.] Posthumus, Holland. Hanson, L., U.K. Honzatko, B., Bohemia. Thurnheer, G., France. Hanley, R., U.K. Dahinten, Dr., Hungary.]

G Graf, F., Hungary. Gualeni, C., Italy.] Castille, F., France. Skrataas, J., Norway. Borchert, K., Germany. Biel, M., Holland. Dyson, E., U.K. Frauke, O., Germany.] Potts, E., U.K.

Wednesday, July 15, at 2.30.

HORIZONTAL BAR, Swinging Movements. A HORIZONTAL BAR, Slow Movements. B

SQUAD ORDER.

van Guysee, J., .Belgium, Siebenhaar, H., Germany. Civinini, C., Italy.] Lalu, M., France. Mok, A., Holland. Wolf, F., Germany. Ford, A., U.K. Cook, J., U.K. Korhonen., Finland.

Gellert, E., Hungary. Westing, G., Holland. Weser, W., Germany.] Fedi, A., Italy.] Charmoille, France. J espersen, M. P., Norway. Ehrich, A., Germany. Stikkelman, J., Holland. Bauscher, O., U.K.

184 PARALLEL BARS. SQUAD ORDER. Elliott, O., Canada. Smith, C. H., U.K. Erody, B., Hungary.] Karth, G., Germany. Massotti, V., Italy.] Rolland, J., France. Bott, J., Holland. Lemaire, P., France.] Romano, G., Italy. RINGS, Swinging. RINGS, Stationary.

Kosonen, E., Finland. Castigliano, J., France. Bailey, G., U.K. Horvath, B., Hungary.] Ingebretsen, E., Norway. Nerozzi, S., Italy.] Kaufmann, W., Germany Otello, C., Italy. Lekim, F., France. VAULTING HORSE.

SQUAD ORDER.

Lem, H., Norway.] Janssen, D., Holland. Borghi, P., Italy.] Aspinall, E., U.K. Nyisztor, J., Hungary. Partanen, J., Finland. Tuzzi, R., Italy.] Costa, A., France. Krting, Germany, ROPE.

Czada, J., Bohemia. Braglia, G. A., Italy. Segurra, L., France. Becker, C., Holland. Krmer, T., Germany. Dick, F. B., U.K. Dubois, V., France. Bacchelli, E., Italy.] Szabo, C., Hungary.

SQUAD ORDER.

van Daalen, C., Holland. Fischer, P., Germany. Andreotti, A., Italy.] Follacci, D., France. Kieff, J., Holland. Fergus, W., U.K. Gauthier, E., France. Hol, P., Norway. Brambilla, E., Italy.]

LIST OF TEAM COMPETITORS. DENMARK.

Tuesday, July 14, at 2.30

P.M.

C. C. Andersen, H. Brdmose, J. Chievitz, A. Hansen, C. M. Hansen, I. M I-Iansen, G. R. E. Hansen, K. Holm, P. Holm, V, Hornbrek, O. Husted-Nielsin, C. C. Jensen, G. D. Jensen, J. H. Johansen, H. R. S. Klem, R. K" Madsen, V. M. Madsen, L. F. C. Nielsen, N. Turin-Nielsen, O. Olsen, N. K. Petersen, N. Philipsen, H. Rasmussen, V. Rasmussen, M, Thursen.

185
UNITED KINGDOM. Tuesday, July 14, at 4 P.M. P. A. Baker, W. F. Barrett, R. Bonney, J. H. Catley, M. Clay, E. Clough, J. Cotterell, W. Cowy, G. C. Cullen, F. Denby, H. J. Drury, W. Fitt, H. Gill, A. S. Harley, A. E. Hawkins, W. O. Hoare, J. A. Horridge, H. J. Huskinson, J. W. Jones, E. Justice, N. J. Keighley, R. Laycock, R. McGaw, J. McPhail, W. Manning, W. G. Merrifield, C. J. Oldaker, G. Parrott, E. Parsons, E. F. Richardson, J. Robertson, G. J. Ross, D. Scott, J. F. Simpson, W. R. Skeeles, J, Speight, H. Stell, C. V. Suderman, W. Tilt, C. Vigurs, H. Waterman, E. Walton, E. A. Watkins, J. T. Whitaker, F. Whitehead. FINLAND. Wednesday, July 15, at 2.30 P.M. E. Forstrom, E. Granstrm, J. Kemp, T. Kyykoski, H. Lehmusto, J. Lindratu, E. Linna, Y. Linko, M. Markanen, K. E. Mikkolainer, D. Niminen, K. K. Paasio, A. Pohjanpaa, A. Pohjonen, E. Railio, H. A. Rpinen, A. Saarinen, A. T. Salovaara, K. V, T. Sandelin, E. Sahlstein, E. E. Sipita, V. Smeds, K. K. Soinio, K. E. Stenberg, V. E. Turi, K. M. Wegelins. FRANCE. Wednesday, July 15, at 3.15 P.M. L. Bogart, A. Borize, H. de Breyne, N. Constant, C. A. Courtois, L. Delattre, A. Delecluse, L. Delecluse, G. Demarle, J. Derov, C. Desmarcheliers, Ch. Desmarcheliers, E. Dharaney, G. Donner, E. Duhamel, A. Duponcheel, P. Durin, A. Eggremont, G. Guiot, L. Hennebicq, H . Hubert, D. Hudels, E. Labitte, L. Lestienne, R. Lis, V. Magnier, G. Nys, J. Parent, L. Pappe, V. Polidori, G. Pottier, A. Pinoy, L. Sandray, E. Schmoll,E. Steffe, E. Vercruysse, H. Vergin, E. Vicogne, J. Walme, G. Warlouzer. SWEDEN. Wednesday, July 15, at 4 P.M, T. Andersson, G. Asbrink, C. Bergman, C. Bertilsson, W. Carlberg, A. Cervin, H. Cedercrona, R. Degermark, C. Eriksson, C. Fo!eker, S. Forssman, S. Forssen, F. Geidel, E. Graufelt, C. Harlemann, N. Hellsten, G. Hzer, A. Holmberg, C. Holmberg, O. Holmberg, H. Jahnke, O. Jansson, J. Jarten, G. Johnsson, H. Jonsson, R. Jonsson, N. Kantzow, Kjellen, L. Kirsten, O. Lanner, S. Landberg, A. Ljung, O. Moberg, J. Mller, E. Nilsson, E. Norberg, T. Norberg, C. Norling, D. Norberg, D. Norling, G. Olsen, L. Pettersson, H. Rassander, S. Rosen, G. Rosenquist, C. Rydin, S. Sandberg, Albert Seger, Alex Seger, C. Silverstrand, A. Sjbloni, B. Soevick, H. Soevick, Y. Stjernspets, K. Svensson, G. Vingquist, F. Widell, G. Wiekman, D. Wiman. HOLLAND. Thursday, July 16, at 2.30 P.M. C. L. J. Becker, M. Biel, J. de Boer, R. J. C. Blom, J. Bolt, E. Brouwer, C. van Daalen, J. H. Flemer, G. C. Gekel, J. Gondeket, D. Janssen, J. J. Kiefl, S. Kongin, H. N. van Leeuwen, A. Mok, A. d'Oliviera, J. J. Posthumus, J. H. A. G. Schmitt, J. Slier, J. Stikkelman, H. J. F. Thyssen, G. J. Wesling. NORWAY. Thursday, July 16, at 3.15 P.M. A. Amundsen, C. A. Andersen, O. F. Authen, P . A . Bersen, H. Bohne, T . Boysen, O. Bye, C. N. Carlsrud, J. Forstensen, S. Grner, H. Halvorsen, H. Hansen, J. Hol, P. Hol, E. Ingebretsen, O. Iversen, M. Jespersen, S. Johannessen, N. Kior, C. Klath, T. Larsen, R. Lefdahl, H. S. Leon, A. Moen, F. Olsen, C. Pedersen, H. Pedersen, B. Salvesen, J. Skrataas, H. Smevik, S. Sivertoen, A. Strand, O. Syvetsen,

186
ITALY. Thursday, July 16, at 4 P.M. A Accorsi, N. Agodi, U. Agharini, A. Andreani, B. Buozzi, F. Boltoni, V. Blo, Bonoti, P. Borsetti, A. Borzani, G. Calabraei, C. Celado, T. Collevati, Cristofori, A. Cosechini, S. Dichiara, G. Gasperini, A. Marchi, C. Marchiandi, Massari, R. Nardini, G. Preti, D. Pavarri, G. Ravenna, M. Ridolfti, G. Taddio, Termanini, U. Savanuzzi, G. Vaccari.

G. G. E. G.

REGULATIONS AND INSTRUCTIONS FOR GYMNASTIC COMPETITORS.

INDIVIDUAL COMPETITORS.
1. Every Competitor must have in his possession, to be produced whenever required, a Competitors card. If competing both as an individual and in a team, two cards will be required. These cards will be forwarded to the Olympic Committees from whom they will be issued to the Competitors. 2. Competitors must assemble in the dressing-room punctually at the time stated on their cards. 3. All Competitors must be attired in full gymnastic costume, viz. : gymnastic vest (which must cover the armpits) ; long trousers to the ankles, or short trousers with stockings to the knee (tights or woven knickers not permitted) ; and light shoes. 4. Half an hour before the Competition, gongs or bells will sound, and Competitors must fall in in their respective squads ready to answer their names. 5. Ten minutes before the commencement of the Competition, the squads will march to their apparatus in the Arena under the guidance of their Stewards. 6. The squad to which a Competitor will be assigned and his number in squad, will be determined by lot. The drawing will be conducted and carried out by the British Olympic Gymnastic Committee in London. 7. The order in which the squads will work on the different pieces of apparatus will also be decided by lot. 8. Competitors failing to obey the instructions of the Judges or the Stewards will render themselves liable to disqualification. 9. The apparatus used will be of the following dimensions : [N.B. No trial on the apparatus will be allowed.]
HORIZONTAL BARS .

1. There will be twelve bars, four made of steel, four made of steel covered with leather, and four made of wood. The leather covering will be wound round the steel bar spirally.

187 2. Six bars, two of steel; two of steel covered with leather, and two of wood, will be fixed at a height of 250 cms. or 8 ft. 4 in. above the ground. 3. Six bars, two of steel, two of steel covered with leather, and two of mud, will be fixed at a height of 220 cms., or 7 ft. 4 in. above the ground. 4. The length of the bars between the inside of the uprights will not be less than 220 nor exceed 230 cms. (7 ft. 4 in. to 7 ft. 8 in.). 5. The diameter of the bars will not be less than 30 nor exceed 32 mms. (I$// to I: in.) absolute measurement, whether covered or not.
P ARALLEL B ARS .

1. There will be two parallel bars, one to be fixed at a height of 160 cms., or 5 ft. 4 in., above the ground, with a clear inside width between bars of 46 cms., or 18 in., the other to be fixed at a height of 148 cms., or 4 ft. 10 in., and have a clear inside width of 43 cms., or 17 in. 2. The total length of the bars will be from 280 to 300 cms. (9 ft. 4 in. to 10 ft.) but will not project beyond the uprights for more than 40 cms. or 16 in. 3. The bars will be oval in shape. The perpendicuIar diameter will not be less than 52 nor exceed 55 mms. (2 & to 2& in.) ; the horizontal diameter will not be less than 43 nor exceed 46 mms. (I i& to IFJ in.). 4. The uprights and frame will be of iron.
RINGS.

1. The rings will be suspended from a portable scaffolding similar to that used for the horizontal bar, and will work over pulleys so as to be quickly adjustable at 10 cm. or 4 in. intervals from a height above the ground of 6 ft. to 8 ft. 4 in. 2. The height of the top bar of the scaffolding from which the rings hang will be 720 cms. (24 ft.). above the ground. 3. The height to which the rings may be raised above the ground will not be less than 180 nor exceed 250 cms. (6 ft. to 8 ft. 4 in.). 4. The rings (which will be made of iron) will be circular in shape and leather covered, with swivels for turning. 5. The thickness of the ring will not be less than 30 nor exceed 32 mms. (I& to I$ iL) N.B.Each competitor must generate his own swing, and this shall be included in the two minutes allotted to each competitor.

188
V AULTING H ORSE .

There will be two vaulting horses. 2. The length of the horse will be 190 cms. (6 ft. 4 in.). 3. The width and depth of the body of the horse will be 40 cms. (16 in.). 4. The ground. 5. The 6. The 46 cms. (17 7. The 8. The top of the saddle will be fixed at a height of four feet from the length of the neck and the croup will width between pommels will not be to 18 in.). pommels will be leather covered and height of the pommels from the top be equal. less than 43 nor exceed hoop shaped. of the horse will not be

1.

less than 11 nor exceed 12 cms, (4; to 4: in.) ; the diameter of the handles will not be less than 31 nor exceed 33 mms. (I p to I :! in.). 9. The neck, saddle and croup will all be of one continuous horizontal level. ROPE. 1. The top mark of the rope will be fixed at a height of 720 cms. or 24 ft. from the ground, and the rope will be marked off every 45 cms., or 18 in., commencing at a height of 180 cms. or 6 ft. from the ground. The scaffolding will be 1 ft. higher than the actual rope length. 2. The diameter of the rope will be 5 cms. or 2 in. N.B.The position of the body in descending shall be the same as in the ascent. Hand shall pass hand, but the arm may be bent or straight. No resin, chalk, or any kindred substance may be applied to the hands or rope. M ATS . Mats will surround each piece of apparatus.

TEAM COMPETITORS.
1. Team Competitors will require to assemble and Fall in in a similar manner to Individual Competitors. 2. Directors of teams must, if their team work with hand apparatus, see that that apparatus is in the teams dressing room at least two hours before the time the team has to appear in the arena.
REGULATIONS AND INSTRUCTIONS FOR JUDGES, TIMEKEEPERS, STEWARDS AND SCORERS.

I.RULES FOR JUDGES. Assembling Time.Judges are requested to report themselves to the Gymnastic Committee not a minute later than 2.0 P.M. on the afternoons of Tuesday, Wednesday, and Thursday, July 14, 15, and 16, in order to

189

receive their Judges Cards before they take up their positions in the arena of the Stadium at the apparatus they are to judge, which shall not be later than 2.20 P.M. Precedence. For ease of clerical and general working, alphabetical order of surnames shall settle the name of first, second and third judge. INDIVIDUAL COMPETITIONS. Calling of Competitors Names.Judges shall agree among themselves as to which one shall call the Competitors names. Commencing of Judging.Judging commences from the moment the Competitor leaves the position of attention, 6 or 10 feet from the apparatus (to which he goes upon his name being called), and ceases when he resumes the position of attention at the conclusion of his exercise, or when the Timekeeper indicates by waving a white flag that the two minutes allotted to the Competitor has elapsed. In rope climbing judging begins the moment the body begins to leave the sitting position on the ground, and ends the moment the ascending or descending ceases to be continuous. M a r k i n g .Marks are to be awarded for : (a) Successful performance of exercise attempted. (b) Difficulty and combination of movements. (c) Style and sequence. (d) Variety of movements, Penalty Each Judge shall deduct one mark from the total awarded by him to any Competitor failing to complete his exercise in the two minutes allotted, and shall show the same on his score card, thus : Less Penalty Total Entering Marks.All marks must be entered on the Judges Card in ink, and any alteration must be initialled. Second Attempt. Judges shall not permit second attempts unless they consider a Competitor was interfered with in his first attempt, or that the first was rendered abortive through no fault of his own. Resumption after a Fall.If a Competitor, having the misfortune to, fall, immediately resume his position on the apparatus and complete his exercise from the point at which he fell off, such fall shall be marked as a break in sequence (losing thereby half a mark), but no extra time shall be allowed. Consultation. Judges shall only consult together on questions of second attempts.

190

TEAM COMPETITIONS . Commencing of Judging. Judging commences from the moment the Timekeeper waves his flag to indicate the beginning of the competition, and ceases when the Timekeeper waves his flag to indicate that the time has elapsed, or that the instructor has signified to him that the competition is finished. Penalty. Each Judge shall deduct fifteen marks from the total amount awarded by him to any team if that team fails to complete its work in the half-hour allotted, and shall show the same on his score card thus : Less Penalty Total

II.RULES FOR TIMEKEEPERS.

Assembling Time. Timekeepers are requested to report themselves to the Gymnastic Committee not a minute later than 2 P.M. on the afternoons of Tuesday, Wednesday, and Thursday, July 14, 15, and 16, at the British Olympic Gymnastic Committee Room in the Stadium, and accompany the Judges to their apparatus. Watches. The watches used must be stop-watches, and must he certified by a firm of repute. INDIVIDUAL COMPETITIONS. Timing. Except in rope climbing, which is a distance and not a time test, the time allotted to each Competitor on any piece of apparatus is two minutes. With Rings Stationary the time commences from the moment when the Competitor grasps the rings. With Rings Swinging when the Competitor starts to make his first run forward.

III.RULES FOR STEWARDS.

Assembling Time. Stewards are requested to report themselves to the Gymnastic Committee not a minute later than 1.45 P.M. on the afternoons of Tuesday, Wednesday, and Thursday, July 14, 15, and 16, at the British Olympic Gymnastic Committee Room in the Stadium, I NDIVIDUAL COMPETITIONS Duties. Stewards will act as Whips or Arena Stewards. Whips. Whips will collect Competitors into their respective squads, and see that the squads Fall in opposite their squad letter at 2 P.M. in

191 the afternoon. Competitors must take their place in squad according to the squad number on the Whips list, and this number must correspond to the number on the Competitors card. Arena Stewards.At 2.10 Arena Stewards will check the Whips lists and the positions of the Competitors, notifying the Judges of any Competitors who may have scratched. At 2.20 the Stewards will march the Competitors to the Judges at each piece of apparatus, and at the conclusion of work on that apparatus march the squad to the next apparatus set down on their order form. Collecting of Score Sheets.After a squad has completed its work upon any piece of apparatus, the Steward of that squad shall collect and place in the portfolio provided for the purpose the Score Cards of each of the three Judges who acted at that piece of apparatus, and then upon the proper signal march his squad to the next piece of apparatus to which it has been assigned. While the squad is at work on this fresh piece of apparatus, the Steward will take the Score Cards received from the Judges of the last piece of apparatus to the Scorers office, and hand the cards to the Scorer sitting below the letter corresponding to his own squad letter (receiving a voucher in exchange for the Score Cards handed in) and then return to his squad. This carrying of Score Cards to the Scorers office will be repeated after every change of apparatus. When work has been completed on all the pieces of apparatus the Stewards will march their squads to the arena exits and hand them over to the Whips, who shall conduct the squads to their dressing rooms and, dismiss the Competitors. As soon as the squads have been handed over to the Whips the Stewards shall, before themselves leaving the arena, carry the last set of Score Cards to the Scorers office. TEAM COMPETITIONS.

The work of collecting and conducting Teams to and from the arena will be carried out in a similar manner to that of the squads.

IV.RULES FOR SCORERS.

Assembling Time. Scorers are requested to report themselves to the Gymnastic Committee not a minute later than 2.30 P.M. on the afternoons

192 of Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday, July 14, 15, and 16, at the British Olympic Gymnastic Committee Room in the Stadium. Scorers' Precedence. Mr. H. F. Barclay will be Chief Scorer, and to him all questions relating to Score Sheets and Scoring should be addressed. In the case of the remaining Scorers precedence will be according to alphabetical order of surnames. Score Sheets. The first Scorer will have the Judges Cards of the first squad brought to him throughout the working of each session, and so on with each successive Scorer and squad. The eighth Scorer will act as Team Scorer, the ninth and following Scorers as Second Checks. Duties. 1. To receive from the Stewards the Judges Cards for the squad on whose behalf the Scorer is acting, and give the Steward a voucher therefor. 2. To enter the Judges marks on the Score Sheet in the spaces providedthe first Judges first, the second Judges second, the third Judges third. 3. Add the marks together and enter the result in the space opposite Total. 4. When the Score Sheet is full the Scorer will take it, together with the Judges Cards, to the Second Check for confirmation after signing the space marked First Check. Checking. The Second Check will, upon satisfying himself that the marks are correctly entered and added, sign the sheet in the space marked Second Check, and take it to the Chief Scorer for final confirmation. In the event of an error being discovered either in entry or addition of marks, such mistake must he referred to the Chief Scorer, and if upheld the correction must be initialled by both the Second Check and Chief Scorer. Final Order Form. When the Score Sheets are duly filled up, the names of the Competitors shall be entered upon a Final Order Form, together with the total marks awarded ; the Competitors with the highest grand total coming first, and so on. This Final Order Form must be signed by at least three members of the British Olympic Gymnastic Committee before being regarded as officially correct, and conveyed to the Hon. Secretary of the British Olympic Council.

LACROSSE.CANADA v. THE UNITED KINGDOM. THE CANADIAN CAPTAIN GETS THE BALL.

LACROSSE.THE CANADIAN WINNERS CHEERING THE UNITED KINGDOM.

LAWN TENNIS (GRASS). R. F. DOHERTY AND G. W. HILLYARD (U.K.) WIN THE DOUBLES AGAINST M. J. G. RITCHIE AND J. C. PARKE (U.K.).

193
Results.

THE HEPTATHLON.
INDIVIDUAL COMPETITION .

G. A. Braglia, Italy (Gold Medal) S. W. Tysal, United Kingdom B. L. Segurra, France A. C. Steuernagel, Germany F. Wolf, Germany S. Hodgetts, United Kingdom M. Lalu, France R. Diaz, France E. W. Potts, United Kingdom J. Rolland, France F. Nidal, Prance G. Bailey, United Kingdom K. Borchert, Germany A. Costa, France J. Nyisztor, Hungary F. B. Dick, United Kingdom A. Hodges, United Kingdom G. Thurnheer, France J. Castiglioni, France
TEAM COMPETITION (possible points, 480).

Points.

Sweden (Gold Medal) Norway Finland Denmark France Italy Holland United Kingdom Two of the best authorities on Gymnastics in London recommend that the entire system of marking, both for Heptathlon and for Teams, should be altered on future occasions. Ten, they think, should be the maximum instead of twenty-four, and the marks should be awarded subject to (a) Difficulty and quality of combination. (b) Style and sequence. (c) Variety. marking from 10 for a perfect performance down to 0 for an utter failure. Rings, whether stationary or swinging, should in future be omitted. The staging is both costly and difficult to erect, and the exercises are very similar to those on horizontal bars. The Rope should be a time-test as well as a distance-test, the two minutes allocated to other pieces of apparatus being adhered to in this also. It is the first time since 1896 that an Italian has won the Heptathlon, though some authorities present were of the opinion that his overwhelming N

194 superiority on the Vaulting-horse alone should not have prevailed against a competitor who had scored more in the majority of the other divisions of the Heptathlon. It was, in fact, suggested that each winner of one of these seven divisions should enjoy at any rate the titular distinction of championship in that event, even if a separate gold medal were not awarded for each of these seven events. There is, however, a very strong school in Gymnastics which hotly opposes any symptom of specialisation, and points with some pride to the fact that while in other games a man may specialise in one event and win the highest distinction in that alone, gymnastics, on the other hand, has hitherto awarded its best prizes only to The victory of Braglia is men of convincing all-round superiority. apparently an exception to this general rule. But there was, at any rate, one common ground of satisfaction felt by all Englishmen present at the first occasion in the history of British gymnastics when a picked body of British gymnasts, representing their country, met their colleagues from abroad in open competition. The results of this meeting were excellent ; for it produced the silver medallist and six places out of the first seventeen in the Heptathlon from among British athletes who represented a country which had hitherto been scarcely recognised as a gymnastic nation by our friendly critics on the Continent. There is no doubt that this will give a stimulus to British gymnastics in the interest and attention of the public which is well-deserved by an institution of the highest importance to national health, especially in the case of a country like the United Kingdom which is deprived of the physical benefits of military conscription. Those benefits, it may well be thought, should at least be aimed at by Englishmen who would conscientiously deplore the various drawbacks alleged to be inseparable from compulsory and universal service in the Army. At present British gymnasts retain the light-hearted spirit of recreation in a competition which is sometimes taken with a rather automatic and cold-blooded severity in the case of more military nations. We might, in fact, improve in discipline ; but there is no reason why we should not excel in execution, It was further suggested that the introduction of a recognised code of international rules in judging would be an advantage. Rough and ready methods, even if applied with the most scrupulous honesty, cannot really replace the authoritative precedents of accumulated experience working upon universally accepted lines. It is comparatively easy for a judge to pick out the winner of a footrace, but a decision as to the relative excellence of performances on gymnastic apparatus is a very different matter. Three judges, each accustomed to the methods of his own country, may with perfect sincerity arrive at three differing conclusions as to the merits

195 of the same performance ; and any result of this kind is obviously to be avoided as far as possible. The fact that no less than ninety-seven competitors got through the Heptathlon in the course of two afternoons speaks well for the good humour and interest of both competitors and officials in carrying out very complicated arrangements with scarcely any previous consultation and no rehearsal at all. It was, unfortunately, impossible for the public to appreciate the fine form shown in the details of what went on in the midst of the enormous arena, but the team work was generally very popular, especially the displays; and it was very much regretted that, by the luck of the draw, the magnificent display given by Germany did not attract the public attention it would most certainly have commanded at an earlier hour. The displays given by the Danish ladies and by the ladies of the Polytechnic were especially attractive, and formed a distinctively welcome feature of the whole fortnight in the Stadium. I may add that the team representing the United Kingdom contained competitors from all the principal gymnasia in England, Scotland, and Wales, and the laudable desire to include them all perhaps weakened the effectiveness of the whole. Ireland was not represented either in the Team or in the Heptathlon. One consequence was that uniformity, homogeneity, and team-discipline were very naturally lacking in a collection of so many varying units which had only had two previous opportunities of rehearsal in the Stadium before the competition, and the conditions were not then favourable to getting all the men together. The Continental teams, on the other hand, consisted of men who had worked together for months and had usually been drawn from one locality, drilled to a mechanical precision, and inspired by the most serious determination to succeed. The result was not unexpected by those who knew the differences involved, but we may welcome the lesson imparted by defeat and rest assured that it will have a lasting and beneficial effect upon our national gymnastics. In all military nations the governments support and encourage public gymnasia as a silent but most efficacious aid to that public health which is the foundation of military efficiency. We may not be military, but it is not therefore excusable that we should leave the invaluable results of gymnastic training so entirely to voluntary and private effort. Much, even so, has already been accomplished : rules, regulations, and gymnasia exist ; but the youth of this country has not yet been aroused to the importance of using them aright, an importance which will become far more evident in the future of the race, and may at any moment become acute in any sudden peril of the nation. Games that merely develop large
N2

196 crowds of spectators are not, in fact, a national asset. Young men who do not care to serve their country in one form or another of the recognised opportunities for military duties might at least improve themselves, as citizens and as the fathers of citizens to be, by regular gymnastic exercise. It has been suggested that a part of the work which lies before the British Olympic Association in the future, and not the least valuable part, might be the encouragement and maintenance in this country of a national physical superiority among the nations of the world, which is rapidly ceasing to be a fact and will soon become a legend. The State has never wanted men more keenly than at the present time; yet it would be impossible for it to display more apathy towards the methods that other nations have so Successfully employed in making them. There are those who think that the Olympic Games should consist almost entirely of gymnastics. I am not of that opinion. But it is clear that in the schemes for general physical improvement which the Olympic Games have been revived to foster, the value of gymnastics to this country should hold a higher place both in the hearts of the people and in the councils of their ministers.

197

HOCKEY.
Germany and France entered Hockey teams against the United Kingdom, which was represented by elevens from England, Scotland, Ireland, and Wales. The first match began on the grass in the centre of the Stadium on October 29, at half-past two, in beautiful weather.

(1) SCOTLAND BEAT GERMANY BY 4 TO o.

TEAMS

SCOTLAND, J. Burt (Rutherglen), goal ; H. Neilson (Rutherglen), Capt. Foulkes (Carlton), backs ; H. Fraser (Carlton), A. Burt (Rutherglen), A. G. Dennistoun (Edinburgh), half-backs ; Dr. Stevenson (Carlton), J. Laing (Hawick), J. Harper-Orr (Edinburgh), H. S. Walker (Edinburgh University), G. J. Orchardson (Cartha), forwards. GERMANY (Uhlenhorster H.C., Hamburg), C. Ebert, goal ; E. Dauelsberg, A. Studemann, backs ; M. Galvas, A. Brehm (capt.), R. Galvas, half-backs ; T. Fehr, F. Moding, F. Uhl, Fr. Diederishsen, Fr. Rahe, forwards. Umpires : Messrs. E. Fletcher and J. A. Kirkwood.

Our visitors, who all seem to have come from one club that was practically invincible at home, showed that they had been well taught, and it is easy to understand that against opponents who played by the book they would be very formidable. Like the continental football teams which played at the Stadium previously, they soon showed that their weakness lay in attack. Their backs and half-backs, and more especially their goal-

198 keeper, who was by far the most prominent player in the match, shone in defence, but the half-backs knew little of the art of feeding their forwards. In their turn the forwards, with the single exception of Moding on the outside left, who was extremely good in the second half, hesitated when their chances came, and only once in the match did they all act in combination. Although Scotland won easily, and were generally attacking, they did not show to any great advantage, and, more particularly in the second half, their forwards were lacking in dash. The backs and halfbacks had very little to do in the way of defence, but on the few occasions when their opponents carried out an attack cleverly they made some bad mistakes; in feeding their forwards they left nothing to be desired. At the beginning of the game Scotland attacked, and from a pass by Stevenson Laing quickly scored the first goal. As a rule the forwards when near goal lost the ball by hitting too hard. A beautiful shot by Laing missed the net by a few inches, and then from a corner hit A. B. Burt scored with a hard shot from centre half. Whenever the German forwards managed to get away they took long passes very well indeed, but were by no means as good in dealing with short ones. A rush by the Scottish left wing was followed by a beautiful pass, which was missed by the other forwards, and a moment later an excellent shot by Moding at the other end was well saved. Just before half-time A. B. Burt took a pass by Laing on the run, came clear, and made no mistake, so that Scotland were leading by three goals to none. Almost the only interest in the play after the interval was the clever way in which Ebert repeatedly saved his goal. The Scots were nearly always attacking without much method or vigour, and it was not until the game was nearly over that a goal by Walker enabled them to win by four goals to none. A few minutes previously the German forwards made a series of perfect passes which took the ball to within a few feet of the goal, where the outside right missed a very easy chance.

(2) ENGLAND BEAT FRANCE BY 10 TO 1.

TEAMS :

ENGLAND, H. I. Wood (Staffordshire), goal ; H. S. Freeman (Middlesex), L. C. Baillon (Northamptonshire), backs ; J. Y. Robinson (Oxford University), E. W. Page (Staffordshire), A. H. Noble (Lancashire), half-backs ; P. M. Rees (Surrey), G. Logan (Surrey), S. H. Shoveller (Surrey), R. G. Pridmore (Warwickshire), Eric Green (Middlesex), forwards.

199

FRANCE.
R. Salarnier (R.C.F.), goal ; L. Saulnier (C.A.I.), F. Roux (R.C.F.), backs ; R. P. Aublin (C.A.I.), L. Gautier (S.F.), R. Benoist (C.A.I.), half-backs ; D. Baidet (R.C.F.), D. M. Girard (R.C.F.), L. Poupon (S.F.), A. Bonnal (C.A.I.), C. Pattin (C.A.I.), forwards. [C.A.I. signifies Club Athletique International; R.C.F., Racing Club de France; and S.F., Stade Franais.] Umpires : Mons. E. P. Denny and Mr. T. Burman.

Beginning somewhat late in the afternoon, at the close of Scotland v. Germany, this match was played on a somewhat rough and slippery ground. Although one-sided, it was by no means uninteresting. The French team exhibited considerable promise, the players being severally fast, persevering, and adroit in the use of the stick. In tactics and finesse, however, they were no match for the strong English eleven, and their attacks were seldom or never durable, partly on this account and partly because their half-backs could not pass with sufficient precision to give the forwards support. Salarniers goalkeeping was the best feature of their performance, whilst Roux was untiring in defence, and Gautier often did much to break up the concert of the English centres. During the first half the English team kept the offensive almost without intermission, the occasional French rushes being followed immediately by admirable passing on the part of the English half-backs. Salarnier, however, stopped five good shots, even frustrating Shoveller when he apparently had the goal at his mercy. Nearly a quarter of an hour had passed when Pridmore, fed by Page, dribbled through and made the first point. A general attack, beginning with a run by Green, allowed Rees to add the second; the third fell to Logan after Green had run down and middled, and to Pridmore the fourth, as the result of pretty play by the insides. In the second half Pridmore got the best of a tussle with the backs, taking them in detail, and gained the fifth goal, and Shoveller the sixth by backing up one of Pridmores dashes. A very hot shot was sent in, by Poupon from a corner, but neatly fielded by Wood, and about this time the French forwards became somewhat troublesome by advancing more or less en masse, a style which was more effective than their passing. Pattin and Bonnal having dashed through in this manner, Poupon scored in the mle. The English team, however, soon replied, and Logan scored at the end of a neat dribble. Shoveller put the ball through after three

200 good saves by Salarnier, and added the ninth goal with Pridmores assistance, Green obtaining the tenth after a run by the opposite wing, so that England won by ten goals to one.

(3) IRELAND BEAT WALES BY 3 TO 1.

TEAMS: WALES. R. Turnbull (South Wales), goal ; E. W. G. Richards (Abergavenny), Llewellyn Evans (St. Asaph), backs ; C. W. Shephard (Whitchurch), R. Lyne (Newport), F. Connah (Colwyn Bay), half-backs ; F. G. Phillips (Newport), A. A. Law (Trefant), P. B. Turnbull (Cardiff), J. Ralph Williams (Newport), W. J. Pallott (Penarth), forwards. IRELAND. E. P. C. Holmes (Cliftonville), goal ; H. J. Brown (Dublin University), W. E. Peterson, backs ; W. Graham (Monkstown), W. J. H. Campbell (Dublin University), H. L. Murphy (Three Rock Rovers), half-backs ; E. F. Power (Three Rock Rovers), G. S. Gregg (Three Rock Rovers), E. P. Allman-Smith (Dublin University), F. L. Robinson (Malone), R. L. Kennedy (Banbridge), forwards. Umpires : Messrs. G. H. Lings and H. J. Greening.

In this match the Welsh halves and backs were seen to great advantage on defence, especially during the early stages, Richards, Evans, Shephard, and Lyne being responsible for brilliant work. Turnbull also gave an excellent account of himself in goal, and despite clever combination on the part of the Irish forwards Wales held the lead until near the interval. When four minutes had elapsed the Welsh halves placed the forwards in possession, and good passing enabled Williams to reach the circle. Brown checked him, but before the ball was cleared Williams shot through. The Irish forwards then put their opponents to a severe test, and time after time Richards, Evans, and Shephard relieved their side. On one occasion Turnbull just managed to kick away from Gregg, who was close in, and a few minutes later a rush by the Welsh forwards was nullified by smart work by Holmes. Ireland continued to force matters, and a fine dribble, in which Gregg, Power, and Allman-Smith took part, ended in

201 Turnbull saving at the expense of a corner, which proved futile. Then a penalty in front of the Welsh goal was cleared by Shephard, but Ireland quickly returned, and Robinson equalised from a pass on the right. This was quickly followed by another goal, a shot by Power glancing off Turnbulls legs, so that at half-time Ireland led by two goals to one. On changing ends the Welsh forwards played well together, only to be intercepted by Peterson, Brown, and Campbell; and Holmes now and again saved fast shots. At the other end Robinson twice had an open goal, and he missed the net by a few inches. Most of the play took place in the Welsh quarters, and, after Turnbull had kicked away from Robinson, Gregg credited Ireland with a third goal. From this point the game was of a more even character, the Welsh forwards passing in brilliant style, but there was no further scoring, and Ireland won by three goals to one.

(4) ENGLAND BEAT SCOTLAND BY 6 TO 1.

TEAMS : SCOTLAND. J. Burt (Rutherglen), goal ; H. Neilson ( Rutherglen), Capt. C. H. Foulkes (Carlton), backs ; H. Fraser (Carlton), A. Burt (Rutherglen), A. G. Dennistoun (Edinburgh), half-backs ; Dr. N. L. Stevenson (Carlton), J. Laing (Hawick), J. Harper-Orr (Edinburgh), H. S. Walker (Edinburgh University), G. Orchardson (Cartha), forwards. ENGLAND. H. I. Wood (Staffordshire), goal ; H. S. Freeman (Middlesex), L. C. Baillon (Northamptonshire), backs ; J. Y. Robinson (Oxford University), E. W. Page (Staffordshire), A. H. Noble (Lancashire), half-backs ; P. M. Rees (Surrey), G. Logan (Surrey), S. H. Shoveller (Surrey), R. G. Pridmore (Warwickshire), Eric Green (Middlesex), forwards. Umpires : Messrs. H. M. Tennent and E. T. S. Wilson.

After four matches had been played at the Stadium in the space of a few hours the ground was in a bad condition when England and Scotland began their match. For some time the short passes of the English forwards met with no success because the ball travelled at a varying pace or stopped dead before it reached the man. It almost

202 seemed that the Scotsmen, by their more energetic methods, would have the best of the game, but when once the English forwards had accustomed themselves to the peculiarities of the ground they played a remarkable game, Shoveller and Pridmore being very conspicuous. Most of the serious attacks made by Scotland were on their right wing, but Robinson and Freeman very seldom gave the other wing any chance of distinguishing itself. The Scots made the mistake of never varying their attack, except when accident obliged them to do so ; on the other hand, their own backs never knew what the English forwards were going to do. On the whole the play of individuals was much better than could have been anticipated, and some exceedingly clever things were done on both sides. Early in the game a rush by the Scottish forwards seemed on the point of success when Robinson managed to get back, and cleared very cleverly, After about a quarter of an hour one of the Scotsmen was offside, and from a good hit by Baillon the ball came by accident to Pridmore, who was swift to seize his opportunity, and scored. Another goal to England came soon afterwards from Logan from a pass by Pridmore. Until half-time England was generally attacking, but the Scots forwards were by no means idle. Almost immediately after the interval Shoveller made a brilliant run, and, although he could not get quite clear, the ball came to Pridmore in a good position, with the result that England were leading by three goals to none. After another attack, in which Logan, Pridmore, and the Scottish goalkeeper all distinguished themselves, the Scottish right wing made a fine run, which brought about a goal by Walker. The closing stages were in favour of England, and goals were added by Shoveller (two), and Pridmore, the home team thus winning by six goals to one.

FINAL. ENGLAND BEAT IRELAND BY 8 TO I .

O N O CTOBER 31. TEAMS : IRELAND.

E. P. C. Holmes, goal ; W. E. Peterson, H. J. Brown, backs ; H. L. Murphy, W. I. H. Campbell, W. E. Graham, half-backs ; R. L. Kennedy, F. L. Robinson, E. P. Allman-Smith, G. S. Gregg, C. F. Power, forwards.

203
ENGLAND.

H. I. Wood, goal ; L. C. Baillon, H. S. Freeman, backs ; A. H. Noble, E. W. Page, J. Y. Robinson, half-backs ; E. Green, R. G. Pridmore, S. H. Shoveller, G. Logan, P. M. Rees, forwards.
Umpires : Messrs. M. Baker and E. T. S. Wilson.

At a quarter to two of a brilliant afternoon, on October 31, some six thousand spectators gathered in the Stadium to watch the final of the Hockey competition between England and Ireland. The ground had been well rolled, but had naturally suffered both from the constant use of the last few days and from the firework displays in the evenings, but in spite of this surprisingly few mistakes were made. Ireland began in dashing fashion, and frequently looked dangerous, despite some splendid saving work by Noble. Five minutes passed by before England troubled their opposition for the first time, and then Logan From the twenty-five yards bully shot wide from a good position. Shoveller worked out to the right before hitting up a centre, which Logan just pushed out of the reach of Holmes, and registered Englands first goal. An Irish attack was broken up by Page, and at the other end a promising position for England was spoiled through Shoveller being penalised for turning in the ballwell inside the circle, too. Thirteen minutes from the commencement Robinson checked the Irish left wing beautifully, and going on, the Oxonian passed to Rees, who centred accurately for Logan to beat Holmes with a superb oblique shot. Nine minutes later Logan passed inside to Shoveller, who cleverly touched the ball for Pridmore to go through and find Irelands net at close quarters, England leading at half-time by three goals to love. England received a startling surprise in the first minute after changing ends. Freeman stopped a hit by Gregg with his shins, from whence the ball rebounded into touch. The umpire gave a free hit, and Graham directed this so accurately that Robinson was enabled to score with a shot that gave Wood no chance whatever. Three minutes followed, and then Pridmore gave Shoveller a lovely pass. The Hampstead centre went through and shot at Holmes. Holmes saved, but failed to get the ball far enough away, and Logan Next came a nipped in smartly to increase Englands advantage. wonderful goal by Pridmore at an apparently impossible angle, but by this time England had taken command of the game and won with eight goals to one.

204 EXTRA MATCH.

FRANCE v. GERMANY

This was a friendly game played on October 30, before the Olympic France did competitions began, the teams being the same as before. most of the attacking, but the defence of Germany was excellent, and the frequent passing runs of the French forwards were of no avail. Occasionally the German forwards worked down, only to meet with a stout resistance, but when twenty-five minutes had elapsed the Germans succeeded in scoring through Moding. From this point France showed to most advantage until reaching the circle, and Germany won by one goal to none. This interesting game is recorded here because it afforded excellent evidence of the rapid progress made in hockey by the Continental Nothing better could nations who entered for the Olympic competitions. be needed than the remarkably clever goal-keeping of Ebert of Germany and Salarnier of France. Both these men had fine exercise in repelling shots directed at them, and they came out of the ordeal with honours. Both Erehm of Germany and Gautier of France are centre halves above the average. Their offensive and defensive work was admirable. Germany and France may be placed in regard to actual ability on a level with one another, and this was amply proved by the game just described, which Germany won by a goal. The Continent is young yet in hockey skill and tactics, but the glaring weakness is, of course, in the attack. Individual ability was seen, but of pretty passing and combination there was a complete absenceit is all hit and rush. The efforts to combine were crude and unfinished, but then their one mission is to learn, and they acquired not a few wrinkles by watching the British teams. They are exceedingly keen on the sport. Their improvement is slow, because they have so few opportunities of meeting strong British clubs. As the German players were all recruited from the Uhlenhorster H.C. this club had the proud distinction of representing the Fatherland after winning the German championship. Hockey ought to have a brilliant future in that country.

205

LACROSSE.
South Africa having withdrawn, the only entries left for the Lacrosse Competition were Canada and the United Kingdom, but quality made up for quantity, and though the game is not yet as well-known as it ought to be on this side of the Atlantic, there was little doubt in the spectators minds, after seeing this match, that such graceful, fast, and skilful play would be much more widely and deeply appreciated here than has ever been the case before. Both teams were in splendid condition. It was certainly the best exposition of lacrosse ever given in this country, and, equally certainly, it was the finest effort our own players have yet made against any Canadian team. The English side was by far the strongest ever put into the field. Special care was taken to keep the ground in as good condition as possible for the match of October 24. The only alteration that might be suggested in future tournaments is that two teams, instead of only one, might be allowed to represent each country. The Englishmen wore red jerseys, and the Canadians had white trimmed with green, with a maple-leaf on the breast. The ground was hard beneath and slippery above, and a little hail fell after the start; but nothing prevented a very fast display, and the weather, on the whole, was good. For the first time in the history of Canadian lacrosse a team had been selected from all parts of the Dominion to uphold the honour of the nation al game. The difficulties of the undertaking over so vast an area were necessarily great, and they were augmented by the compulsory amateurism required by the Olympic Council. There are still amateurs in plenty playing in Canada, but their skill is well below the professional standard. Consequently it was not until several trial games had been held that the fifteen players were chosen, and they included members of clubs as far apart as New Westminster and Montreal, a distance of 3,000 miles. Hitherto clubs such as Toronto have sent their teams on tour in this country, and they have generally been labelled The Canadians; but the Olympic match at the Stadium was the first encounter between the picked amateurs of the two countries, and as such it marked a distinct epoch in lacrosse. The game itself proved to be one of unusual interest, and it was hailed by a crowd, the large majority of whom had assembled to watch the subsequent football match and knew nothing of lacrosse,

206 with unmistakable signs of approval and enthusiasm. It is impossible that such a game as lacrosse, played in the spirit and with the ability that prevailed here, should not appeal to a sport-loving crowd such as was assembled at the Stadium. The finer points of the game were quickly appreciated, and the brilliant short passing of the Canadians and the fine running and direct attack of the Englishmen were abundantly recognised.
CANADA BEAT THE UNITED KINGDOM by 14 TO 10.

TEAMS.
(Canada in heavy type.)

C. H. SCOTT
(West London LC)

G. MASON (Stockport L C) P. BRENNAN, Captain (Shamrock LC) H. W. RAMSEY, Captain (Woodford LC) T. GORMAN (Capital LC) E. O. DUTTON (Albert Park & Didsbury L C) J. BRODERICK (CornwaII LC) J. PARKER-SMITH (S. Manchester L C) E. HAMILTON (Montreal L C) W. A. JOHNSON (Oxford University L C) H. HOOBIN (Shamrock LC)

N. H. P. WHITLEY (South Manchester LC) A. T. TURNBULL (Westminster LC) G. BUCKLAND (Old Hulmeians L C) C. D. McKERROW (Montreal LC) S. HAYES (Stockport L C) G. H. RENNIE (Westminster LC)

G. ALEXANDER (Eccles L C) I. DUCKETT (Nationals LC) R.G. MARTIN (Cat ford L C) A. F. DILLON (Shamrock LC) E. P. JONES (West London L C) G. H. CAMPBELL (Dufferin of Orangeville L C) F. J. DIXON (St. Catharines A L C)
RESERVES (U. KINGDOM) C. J. MASON (Catford LC) F. S. JOHNSON (Stockport L C) V. G. GILBEY (Hampstead L C) H. SHORROCKS (Old Hulmeians L C) J. ALEXANDER (Eccles L C) L. BLOCKEY (Eccles LC)

RESERVES

(Canada)

D. McLEOD (Calgary L C) A. MARA (Young Torontos L C) J. FYON (Shamrock)

UMPIRES :

REFEREE : MR. A. NORRIS. MR. ALLINGHAM. MR. VAL BARKER.

207 Lord Roberts, the Right Hon. A. J. Balfour, Baron and Baroness de Tuyll, Lady Sibyl Grey, Lord and Lady Desborough, and many others were present when the match began, and before its close the Lord Mayor arrived in state. The cheers for Canada when the winning team received from him the Olympic gold medals they had so well earned were loud and long from all parts of the crowded enclosure. A special set of rules had been prepared in order that the conditions under which the game is played in Canada, the United States, Australia, and England might be assimilated, and the Olympic match saw the goal crease enlarged, with special restrictions that prevented an opponent from entering it ; a white ball was used, slightly heavier than English players are accustomed to and somewhat lighter than Canadians use ; the ground was hemmed in by a canvas wall ; and the time of play was divided into four quarters instead of two halves. These were innovations from an English point of view, but every endeavour had been made by the lacrosse authorities to adopt Canadian views, as some small acknowledgment to a team that had come so far. The Code of Laws used, which differs from the usual English code, appears in later pages of this Report. Both teams opened scratchily, and to some extent warily, for with the sides adopting somewhat different formations, both had to work into new situations. Canada was much surer of the ball than England, but her work was slow and soft, very careful and very deliberate. Turnbull obtained the ball from the first face, as he did several others, and Canada at once attacked ; then the ball made a short visit to the other end, and on its return some weak checking on Englands defence enabled Canada to score the first goal in little more than a minute. Double that time was occupied before Johnson made a fine run and passed to Buckland who scored for England. Canada now pressed considerably, and, as the English defences were playing in very uncertain fashion, the score rose. Turnbull scored with a remarkable angle shot, having less than three inches to shoot at, through Scott being out of goal and checking first home in anticipation of a pass to that player. Brennan had a hand in two further points ; one knocked through as the result of a poor stop by Scott and another slipped in after the English goalkeeper had stopped with his mouth. Thus the first twenty found Canada leading by five goals to one. The second period was quiet for a time, the Englishmen not having yet recovered from their lethargy. There was little of that movement and athletic activity upon which the team was to rely. However, it was the home team that scored the next point, Jones just finding the inside of one of the posts. A longer game ensued, and only on the approach of half-

208 time were the Canadians able to get through. The second quarter had realised a goal each, and the score stood at six goals to two. The third period was remarkably prolific in scoring, for no fewer than eight points were added to the total. Five of these went to England and three to Canada, so that its conclusion saw England in a better position, and Canadas lead reduced to nine goals to seven. Hamilton had changed places with Turnbull at centre, and Whitley got the best of the face. Parker-Smith secured from the surrounding scrummage, and with a fine run enabled Jones to score a smart goal. Except that Dutton was the invader, the next game was very similar, and Jones added the finishing touch as before. Then came Canadas turn, led by the irrepressible Turnbull, who first scored with another fine angle shot, and then ran straight through Parker-Smith and scored with a very low, hard shot. As the direct result of a free throw given against England, the ball was worked behind goal and then whipped through from the lob in frontan old dodge, for which check sticks used to be the remedy. From now the game veered in Englands favour. The team had gradually been waking up, and now at last played its true game. Rapid passing down the field from crosse to crosse whilst on the run gave Jones and Buckland their chance, and the last-named scored. Parker-Smith was soon away, and similar work enabled Buckland to score again, and then, after a slight rally by Canada, the same player once more got through in most brilliant fashion. Excitement ran high when the last period was started. Canada attacked to begin with, but Alexander, who had followed down, received the ball again from Mason, and some fine work, in which Hayes participated, enabled Jones to tip the ball in at close quarters. The next game was brief, and was taken by England as the result of further good combined work. This score brought the totals level, at nine goals. From here the English play deteriorated, and Canada, led as before by Turnbull, gradually won the match. Turnbull first enabled Brennan to knock through from a lob, and so Canada was one up. Then splendid short passing, in which the whole attack shared, was successful. Turnbull next found himself free near goal, with the inevitable result, and once again Brennan knocked through from a lob behind of Turnbulls. Hereabouts the English defence had gone to pieces, and so two Canadians were left free in front of goal, and Canada added their last point. England scored once more, which brought the concluding totals to fourteen goals to Canada and ten to England.

LAWN TENNIS (GRASS). O. FROITZHEIM (GERMANY), SILVER MEDAL IN THE SINGLES.

LAWN TENNIS (GRASS).MRS. LAMBERT CHAMBERS (U.K.) WINS THE GOLD MEDAL (LADIES SINGLES) v. MISS D. BOOTHBY (U.K.).

MOTOR BOATS.WOLSELEY-SIDDELEY (STEERED BY THE DUKE OF WESTMINSTER) v . DYLAN (STEERED BY LORD HOWARD DE WALDEN).

MOTOR BOATS. WOLSELEY-SIDDELEY IN HEAVY WEATHFR,

209

LAWN TENNIS.
I.GRASS.

Nine different nations were represented in the Olympic Lawn Tennis Tournament held at Wimbledon early in July 1908, under a committee of management consisting of E. R. Clarke, W. H. Collins, S. A. E. Hickson, G. W. Hillyard, R. B. Hough, R. J. McNair, and G. R. Mewburn, with W. H. Collins as the Hon. Referee and G. W. Hillyard as the Hon. Manager. In spite of the absence of Norman Brooks,