WH Question Words
Question Word what Function asking for information about something asking for repetition or confirmation what...for when where which who whom whose why why don't how asking for a reason, asking why asking about time asking in or at what place or position asking about choice asking what or which person or people (subject) asking what or which person or people (object) asking about ownership asking for reason, asking what...for making a suggestion asking about manner asking about condition or quality how + adj/adv how far how long how many how much how old how come (informal) asking about extent or degree Example What is your name? What? I can't hear you. You did what? What did you do that for? When did he leave? Where do they live? Which colour do you want? Who opened the door? Whom did you see? Whose are these keys? Whose turn is it? Why do you say that? Why don't I help you? How does this work? How was your exam? see examples below How far is Pattaya from Bangkok? How long will it take? How many cars are there? How much money do you have? How old are you? How come I can't see her?
distance length (time or space) quantity (countable) quantity (uncountable) age asking for reason, asking why
Exercise: 1. They study (English) every Tuesday morning. ______________________________? 2. Romi goes to school (by bus).______________________________? 3. The teacher explains the lesson (in front of the class).______________________________? 4. (My brother) does his homework carefully.______________________________? 5. My daughter always washes her hair (twice a week).______________________________? 6. John loves eating (pizza).______________________________? 7. Fenny invites (Bimo) to come to her birthday party.______________________________? 8. Olga sings a song (beautifully).______________________________? 9. Shanti gets up (at five).______________________________? 10. Harry doesn't go to school (because he is sick).______________________________? 11. (Mother) cooks rice in the kitchen.______________________________? 12. Tommy rides his bike (very fast).______________________________? 13. Thalia always (has breakfast) before going to school.______________________________? 14. I give (Mario) a birthday present.______________________________? 15. Mario celebrates (his birthday) in September.______________________________? 16. Students listen to (the teacher's explanation).______________________________? 17. I like (the white T-shirt), not the red one.______________________________? 18. Julia has (two brothers).______________________________? 19. The little boys play (hide and seek).______________________________? 20. Sammy closes the windows (because it's going to rain).______________________________? 21. _____________________________ is running? The boy. 22. _____________________________ is he running? Because he's in a hurry. 23. _____________________________ is she walking? In the garden. 24. _____________________________ is the book? On the desk. 25. _____________________________ is he going to arrive? At six o'clock. 26. _____________________________ is in the glass? Water. 27. _____________________________ is he studying? Because the lesson is hard. 28. _____________________________ is thirsty? The boy. 29. _____________________________ are we going to sleep? At midnight.
Simple Future FORM Will: [will + verb] Examples: You will help him later. Will you help him later? You will not help him later. FORM Be Going To: [am/is/are + going to + verb] Examples: You are going to meet Jane tonight. Are you going to meet Jane tonight? You are not going to meet Jane tonight. Simple Future Forms
Using "Will"
Positive
Negative
Question
I will help. You will help.
I will not help. You will not help.
Will I help? Will you help?
Using "Be Going to"
Positive
Negative
Question
We are going to leave. She is going to leave. It is going to leave.
We are not going to leave. She is not going to leave. It is not going to leave.
Are we going to leave? Is she going to leave? Is it going to leave?
USE 1 "Will" to Express a Voluntary Action "Will" often suggests that a speaker will do something voluntarily. A voluntary action is one the speaker offers to do for someone else. Examples:
I will send you the information when I get it. Will you make dinner? I will not do your homework for you. I won't do all the housework myself! A: I'm really hungry. B: I'll make some sandwiches.
USE 2 "Will" to Express a Promise "Will" is usually used in promises. Examples: If I am elected President of the United States, I will make sure everyone has access to inexpensive health insurance. I promise I will not tell him about the surprise party. I won't tell anyone your secret. USE 3 "Be going to" to Express a Plan "Be going to" expresses that something is a plan. It expresses the idea that a person intends to do something in the future. It does not matter whether the plan is realistic or not. Examples:
He is going to spend his vacation in Hawaii. A: When are we going to meet each other tonight? B: We are going to meet at 6 PM. I'm going to be an actor when I grow up. They are going to drive all the way to Alaska. Who are you going to invite to the party?
USE 4 "Will" or "Be Going to" to Express a Prediction Both "will" and "be going to" can express the idea of a general prediction about the future. In "prediction" sentences, the subject usually has little control over the future and therefore USES 1-3 do not apply. In the following examples, there is no difference in meaning. Examples: The year 2222 will be a very interesting year. The year 2222 is going to be a very interesting year. John Smith will be the next President. John Smith is going to be the next President. The movie "Zenith" will win several Academy Awards. The movie "Zenith" is going to win several Academy Awards. IMPORTANT No Future in Time Clauses Like all future forms, the Simple Future cannot be used in clauses beginning with time expressions such as: when, while, before, after, by the time, as soon as, if, unless, etc. Instead of Simple Future, Simple Present is used. Examples: When you will arrive tonight, we will go out for dinner. Not Correct When you arrive tonight, we will go out for dinner. Correct ADVERB PLACEMENT The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc. Examples: You will never help him. Will you ever help him? You are never going to meet Jane. Are you ever going to meet Jane? ACTIVE / PASSIVE Examples: John will finish the work by 5:00 PM. Active The work will be finished by 5:00 PM. Passive Sally is going to make a beautiful dinner tonight. Active A beautiful dinner is going to be made by Sally tonight. Passive Exercise 1: Will / Be Going To 1. A B A B A B : Why are you holding a piece of paper? : I (write) ___________ to write a letter to my friends back home in Texas. : I'm about to fall asleep. I need to wake up! : I (get) ___________ you a cup of coffee. That will wake you up. : I can't hear the television! : I (turn) __________ it up so you can hear it.
2.
3.
4. We are so excited about our trip next month to France. We (visit) __________ to visit Paris, Nice
and Grenoble. 5. Sarah (come) __________ to the party. Oliver (be) will be there as well. 6. Ted : It is so hot in here! Sarah : I (turn) __________ the air-conditioning on.
7. I think he (be) ___________ the next President of the United States. 8. After I graduate, I (attend) __________ medical school and become a doctor. I have wanted to be a doctor all my life. 9. A B : Excuse me, I need to talk to someone about our hotel room. I am afraid it is simply too small for four people. : That man at the service counter (help) __________ you.
10. As soon as the weather clears up, we (walk) __________ down to the beach and go swimming. Exercise 2: Will / Be Going To 1. Mark Beth Mark Beth : What are you doing with those scissors? : I (cut) __________ that picture of the ocean out of the travel magazine. : What (you, do) __________ with it? : I (paint) __________ a watercolor of the ocean for my art class, and I thought I could use this photograph as a model.
2.
Mark : (you, do) __________ me a favor, Sam? Sam : Sure, what do you want me to do? Mark : I (change) __________ the broken light bulb in the lamp above the dining room table. I need someone to hold the ladder for me while I am up there. Sam : No problem, I (hold) __________ it for you. Gina Ted Gina Ted : Where are you going? : I (go) __________ to the store to pick up some groceries. : What (you, get) __________? : I (buy) __________ some milk, some bread, and some coffee.
3.
4.
John : Wow, it's freezing out there. Jane : I (make) __________ some coffee to warm us up. Do you want a piece of pie as well? John : Coffee sounds great! But I (have) __________ dinner with some friends later, so I'd better skip the pie. Jane : I (go) __________ to dinner tonight too, but I'm having a piece of pie anyway. Frank : I heard you're taking a Spanish class at the community college. Tom : Yeah, I (go) __________ to Guatemala next spring and I thought knowing a little Spanish would make the trip easier. Frank: I (visit) __________ my brother in Marseilles next year. Maybe I should take a French class. Tom : I have a course catalog in the other room. I (go) __________ get it, and we can see whether or not they're offering a French course next semester.
5.
Exercise 3: Simple Present / Simple Future 1. Today after I (get) out of class, I (go) __________ to a movie with some friends. 2. When you (arrive) __________ in Stockholm, call my friend Gustav. He (show) __________ you around the city and help you get situated. 3. A: Do you know what you want to do after you (graduate) __________? B: After I (receive) ___________ my Master's from Georgetown University, I (go) __________ to graduate school at UCSD in San Diego. I (plan) __________ to complete a Ph.D. in cognitive science. 4. If it (snow) ___________ this weekend, we (go) __________ skiing near Lake Tahoe. 5. Your father (plan) __________ to pick you up after school today at 3:00 o'clock. He (meet) __________ you across the street near the ice cream shop. If something happens and he cannot be there, I (pick) __________ you up instead. 6. If the people of the world (stop, not) __________ cutting down huge stretches of rain forest, we (experience) ___________ huge changes in the environment during the twenty-first century. 7. If Vera (keep) __________ drinking, she (lose, eventually) __________ her job. 8. I promise you that I (tell, not) __________ your secret to anybody. Even if somebody (ask) __________ me about what happened that day, I (reveal, not) __________ the truth to a single person. 9. She (make) __________ some major changes in her life. She (quit) __________ her job and go back to school. After she (finish) __________ studying, she (get) __________ a better-paying job and buy a house. She is going to improve her life! 10. Tom (call) __________ when he (arrive) in Madrid. He (stay) __________ with you for two or three days until his new apartment (be) __________ available. 11. Michael: After you (leave) __________ work, will you please drop by the grocery store and pick up some milk and bread? Marie : No problem, I (pick) __________ up the groceries and be home by 6 o'clock. Michael: Great. You will probably get home before I (do) __________. 12. Ari : By the time we (get) __________ to the movie theater, the tickets are going to be sold out. Sarah: Don't worry. I told Jane we might be arriving just before the movie (start) __________. She (buy) __________ our tickets and meet us in the lobby. Ari : That place is huge! We (find, never) __________ her in that crowded lobby. Sarah: Calm down, we (meet) __________ each other near the entrance. 3. Terry : If the weather (be) __________ good tomorrow, maybe we should go to the beach.
Jennifer: I have a better idea. If it (be) __________ nice out, we'll go to the beach; and if it (rain) __________ , we'll see a movie. Terry : I guess we will have to wait until we (get) __________ up in the morning to find out what we are going to do.
