Lintel are provided over the opning of door, window, almirah, etc.

Generally, they support the

load of the wall over it, and some times also the live load are transferred by the sub - roof of the room.
Following five cases may arise from point of view of distribution of load over the Lintel :1
2
3
4
5

When the length of wall on each side is more than half the effective span of the lintel.
When the length of wall to one side is less than half the effective span of the lintel.
When the length of wall on both side is less than half the effective span of the lintel.
When there are opening over lintel
When there is load carrying slab over the lintel.
Case 1:- When the length of wall on each side is more than half the effective span of the lintel.
The most general case.Because of arch-action in the masonry, all the load of wall above the
H
lintel is not transferred to the lintel.It ia assumed that the load transferred is in the form of triangle,and h
the load on the lintel is equal to the weight of the masonry in triangular portion, as shown in fig 1. If,
however, the height of the wall above the lintel is insufficient (i.e.if apex of triangle falls above the top
of wall), whole of the rectangulare load above the lintelis taken to act on lintel, as shown in fig 2
>L/2
l
>L/2
Case 1 (H>Lsin 60 0)
H = height of wall above the lintel.
L = Effective span
L = Effective length of opening.
l = Actual opening.
Fig 1
h = Effective height of masonry.
or L/2 x 3
Thus, h = Lsin 60 0 = L x 3/2
Tringle area = 1/2 x L x L/2 3

>L/2
l
Case 1 (H<Lsin 60 0)
L = Effective span
Fig 2

>L/2

Case 2:- When the length of wall one side is less than half the effective span of the lintel.
Fig 2 show the situation where the length of wall to one side is less than the half the effective span, but the length
to the other side is more than the half the effective span. In case, the load transferred to the lintel will be equal to the weight
of masonry contained in the rectangle of height h equal to effective span.

h=L

H
60 0

60 0

<L/2
l
Case 2 (H<Lsin 60 0)
L = Effective span
Fig 3
3 Case

3:- When the length of wall each side is less than half the effective span of the lintel.

>L/2

H=h
This shown in Fig 3. The load acting on lintel will be equal to the
weight of masonry contained in rectangule of height h equal to the full height H
of wall.

4 Case

60 0

60 0

<L/2
l
Case 3 (H<Lsin 60 0)
L = Effective span
Fig 4

<L/2

60 0

60 0

60 0

60 0

4:- When there are opening on lintel.

If there are openings, due to provision of ventilators etc. and ifthese

opening are intersected by the 60 0 lines, the loading will be calculated by
allwing dispresion lines at 60 0 from the top edges of openings, as shown in Fig
4.The total load on the lintel will be equal to the weight of the masonry
contained in the shaded area.

60 0

60 0
L

The 5:- When there is load carrying slab falling with in dispression triangle.
5 Case
maximum
If the roof slab is provided at a level well above the apex of the
B.M.
M1 triangl, uniformly distributed load carriied by slab is not, transferred to
dispresion
due
to however, the slab intersects the dispresion triangle, three type of loads
lintel.If,
triangular
are transferred to the lintel :
load is
taken as
M1=WL/6
where W=
1. Load W1 due the weight of masonry contained in rectangle of height h1 equal to the height of slab above the lintel.
total2. Load W2 carried by slab, in alength L.
weight
of W3 due to weight of masonry contained in equilateral triangle above the slab.
3. Load
masonry
The design of lintel is similar to that R.C. beam discussed in beam . The width of lintel is normally kept equal to width of wall.
contained
in the
equlatral
triangle
Total M=
Wl
x
wL2
.The
6
8
maximum
The maximum shear will act at the edge of opening and is given by
B.M.M2
due to
uniformly
distibuted

Case 4

Fig 5

h2 =
Lsin 60 0
w3
slab
w2
h1

w1
L

Case 5

Fig 6

F=

W
2

wll
2

Design of Lintel beam (H<L)

Name of work:1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

pkn

Clear Span (opening )

Wall width
Room size
Slab thickness
Lime tarrace Thickness
Super imposed load
Height of masonry above lintel
Conrete
Steel

Mfy

cbc

10 Nominal Cover
11 Reinforcement
Main Bottom
Anchor bars (top )
Strirrups

2.00
0.30
5.00
16
10
1.6
1.50
20
415
7
25

mm
mm

x
cm
cm
kN / m2
mtr

Unit wt. of masonry

wt. of concrete
Tensile stress
m
Effective Cover

N/mm2
N/mm2
mm
mm
mm
mm

12
8
8

4
2
210

8 mm 2 lgdstrips
210 mm c/c
210

18.00
0.16
0.10

mtr
mtr
mtr

19.00
24.00
230
13.3
30

kN / m3
kN / m3
N/mm2
mm

Nos.
Nos.
mm c/c

2000 mm

300
250

2000
300

mtr
mtr

300
8 mm 2 nos anchor
bars
210
250
mm

300

300
4 nos bars
(a) L section

2 nos bars

250
mm

200
mm
(b) section at mid span
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12

mm

mm top anchor bars

8
mm
2 nos bars
12
25
mm cover

mm

2 lgdstrips
210 mm c/c
mm
4 nos bars
12
mm
2 nos bars
12

200
section at supportmm

200
mm

25
mm cover

Design of Lintel Beam (when height is less)

Clear Span (opening )
Wall width
Room size
Slab thickness
Lime tarrace thickness
Super imposed load
Height of masonry above lintel
#REF!
M20
fy
415
Nominal cover
Effective cover

2.00
0.30
5.00
16.00
10.00
1.60
1.50
19.00

mtr
mtr or
300 mm
x 18.00 mtr
cm
or
0.16 mtr
cm
or
0.10 mtr
2
kN / m
1600 N/m2
mtr
kN / m3
or
19000 N/m3
wt. of concrete
24 kN/m3
2
N/mm
Tensile stess =
230 kN/m2
25 mm
30 mm

1 Design Constants:- For HYSD Bars

st =
cbc =
m

= 230 N/mm2
=
7
N/mm3
= 13.33
k=

m*c

m*c+st
j=1-k/3 =
1
= 0.5
R=1/2xc x j x k

=
x

Cocrete M =

or 24000 N/M3

20

wt. of concrete = 25000 N/mm2

x
7
13.33
= 0.289
7
+ 230
13.33 x
0.289 /
3
= 0.904
7
x 0.904 x 0.289 = 0.9130

2 Caculcation of B.M. :Let effective depth of beam

= span /10=
2
/
8 = 0.25 mtr
cover =
0.03
Assume Total depth of Beam = 0.25 +2 x cover =
0.25 +
2 x 0.03 = 0.30
300 mm
Let width of Beam = width of wall
=
0.30 mtr
self Load of Beam per meter run = 0.30 x
0.30 x
1
x 24000 = 2160 N/m
Effective span will be the minimum of following.
1 Center to center of bearing :
Providing a bearing of
0.30 mtr
L= 2.00
+ 0.30
= 2.30 mtr
0
Heigh of equtlateral triangle,
assuming
60dispresion
L
2.30
Lsin 60 0
=
x
=
= 2.00 m
3
x 3
2.00
2
Height of masonry above lintel
1.50 mtr
This is
> than the height of of the masonry above lintel. Hence load of the
slab will also transferred to lintel .
fig show the elevation, showing all the height. If we construct equilateral triangle above the top of slab.
Its apex will fall very much above the top of the parapet wall. Hence the weight of whole wall above the
lintel will transferred to the lintel. thus the load per mtr length of lintel will connist of the follwing.
(1) weight of wall :weight per meter run.=
0.30 x
2.16 x 19000
=
12312
1
(2) Live load on strip =
x 5.00 x 1.00 x 1600
= 4000
2
1
(3) Dead weight of slab
=
x 5.00 x 1.00 x 0.16 x 24000 = 9600
2
1
Dead weight of Lime
(4)
=
x 5.00 x 1.00 x 0.10 x 19000 = 4750
concrete
2
Total load per meter run of lintel = 18350

Self weight of lintel

(5)
= 0.30 x 0.30 x
1
x 24000
= 2160
weight per meter run
Total weight = 12312 + 18350 + 2160 '= 32822
N
wL2
x
32822 x 2.30
2.3
Max. possible Bending moment =
=
= 21704 N-m
8
8
or 21704 x 10 3 N-mm or 21.704 x 10 6 N-mm
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2 Design of setion :-

Effective depth required

Let us take d

Rxb

21704 x

=
0.913 x 300
290 mm D =d+2xcover =

12 mm bar will be used. With

320
25
D
=

Assuming that

10 3

281.50 mm
2

290 +

x 30

= 320

8 mm dia links and a nominal cover of =

25
8
12 / 2
= 281 Hence ok.

The total depth is much less than assumed value. However recalculation is not necessary,
because self weight of lintel is compratively smaller than the super imposed load.
4 Steel Reiforcement :10 3
= 371.56 mm2
281
dia2
=
3.14 x 12 x 12
using
= 113
100
4 x 100
113 =
3.29
say
=
4 No.
mm bar,
113 = 452.16 mm2
0.85
Min reinforcement is given by = Ast/A =
fy
0.85 x(
300 x
290 )=
Nmm2, Ast=
Taking
fy
=
415
### mm2
415
Since actual reinforcement provided is > than the design reinforcement . Hence O.K.
Bend 2 Bar at a distance = L / 7 =
2.30 /
7 = 0.30 m 300
From the face of of each supports. Keep a nominal cover =
25 mm
Ast =

21704 x
st x j x D
230 x
0.904 x
3.14 x
12 mm bars
Area =
4
x
A
/A
Nomber of Bars = st
=
372 /
4
12
Hence Provided
bars of
having, Ast =
4 x
BM

5 Check for shear and design of shear reinforcement :The reaction at wall support will be uniformly distributed over the full width
Hence the shear force will be maximum at edge of support.
wl
32822 x
2
(As the edge
Maximum V =
=
= 32822 N
of aupport)
2
2
v

V/bd

300

32822
x 281

0.39

N / mm2

1
x 452.16
= 226.08 mm2
2
At b suppoprt,
100 x
###
100Ast
=
= 0.27 %
300 x 281
bd
Hence from Table permissible shear (tc)for M 20 concrete, for 0.268 % steel = 0.210 N/mm2
Hence shear reinforcement is required.
c .bd
Vc
=
= 0.210 x
300 x 281 = 17703 N
V
V
= 32822 - 17703 = 15119 N
=
Vs
c
Shear rasistance Vs1 of bent up bars is
At b suppoprt,

Vs1

sv

0.71 x

Asv sin =
230

0.707sv x ASv

226.1 =

###

But Vs1 Assined to inclined bars can not be more than =

=
Using

1/2

1/2Vs

7559.5 N only

8 mm 2-ldg. Strirrups
Ast

Sv =

x 15119 =

sv x Asv x d
Vs1

=
=

2
230

3.14 x
8
x
8
= 100.5
4 x 100
x 100.5 x 281
= 859 mm
7559.5
x

mm2

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However, maximum spacing corresponding to nominal shear strirrups is given by

Sv <
2.18 x 100.5 x 415
2.175 xAsv xFy
=
=
302 mm

=
=
302 mm
300.00
b
0.75 x 281 = ### mm
Subject to lesser than of (0.75xd or 300mm)
=
Hence provide the 8 mm
strirrups @ 210 mm c/c throughout.
Provide 2
x
8 mm holding bars at top
6 Check for devlopment length at supports :The code stipulates that at the simple supports, where reinforcement is confined
1.3xM1
by a compressive reaction, the diameter of the reinforcement be such that
+ L0 > Ld
V
1
Ast
mm2
=
x 452.16
= 226.1
2
M1
= moment of resistance of section, assuming all reinforcementstress st
M1

"= Ast x st x jc d
= 226.1
x
230

= 32822

Alternatively, Ld
= 45
Taking bars straight
Ls
we have, Ld =(
x'
2
1.3 xM1
L0
+
=
1.3
V
=
648
7 Details of reinforcement:-

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=
in
=
x
>

0.904

281

= 13.21 x

10 6 N-mm

x
12
230
st
or
4bd
1.6 x 0.8
4 x
45
x
12 =
540 mm
the support, without any hook or bend with x'
300
- 25.00 = 125 mm
2
13.21 x 10 6
+ 125 = 648 mm
32822
539.06 Hence Code requirement are satisfied
Ld

= 539.06
=

25

mtr
mtr

e load of the

e top of slab.

N
N
N
N
N
N

mm
mm
Hence ok.
is not necessary,

mm2

mm

(As the edge

of aupport)

mm
mm

0.30
0.4
0.66
10

cm Lime
concrete

60 0

60 0
Slab

16 cm RCC
slab

2.16

1.50
1.80

60 0

60 0
Lintel Beam
2.00
2.60

1.4

0.8

Floor

0.30

Design of Lintel Beam (when height is less)

8

mm 2 - lgd strirrups @

210 mm c/c
2 8

mm anchor bars

210

300

4 -

210

12 mm bars

300

2000
300
mm

8 mm
anchor bars

2 -

mm bars
25 mm
2 -

8 mm F
2 Lgd strirrups
@ 210 mm c/c

300
mm

250
250 mm

25 mm
4 -

12 mm bars

2 -

12 mm bars

12 mm bars

Section at mid span

section at support

Pe

VALUES OF DESIGN CONSTANTS

Grade of concrete
Modular Ratio
cbc N/mm2
m cbc
kc
(a) st =
jc
140
Rc
N/mm2
Pc (%)
(Fe 250)
kc
(b) st =
jc
190
Rc
N/mm2
Pc (%)
kc
(c ) st =
jc
230
Rc
N/mm2
Pc (%)
(Fe 415)
kc
(d) st =
jc
275
Rc
N/mm2
Pc (%)
(Fe 500)

M-15
18.67
5
93.33
0.4
0.87
0.87
0.71
0.33
0.89
0.73
0.43
0.29
0.9
0.65
0.31
0.25
0.92
0.58
0.23

M-20
13.33
7
93.33
0.4
0.87
1.21
1
0.33
0.89
1.03
0.61
0.29
0.9
0.91
0.44
0.25
0.92
0.81
0.32

M-25
10.98
8.5
93.33
0.4
0.87
1.47
1.21
0.33
0.89
1.24
0.74
0.29
0.9
1.11
0.53
0.25
0.92
0.99
0.39

M-30
9.33
10
93.33
0.4
0.87
1.73
1.43
0.33
0.89
1.46
0.87
0.29
0.9
1.31
0.63
0.25
0.91
1.16
0.46

M-35
8.11
11.5
93.33
0.4
0.87
1.99
1.64
0.33
0.89
1.68
1
0.29
0.9
1.5
0.72
0.25
0.92
1.33
0.53

M-40
7.18
13
93.33
0.4
0.87
2.25
1.86
0.33
0.89
1.9
1.13
0.29
0.9
1.7
0.82
0.25
0.92
1.51
0.6

Grade of concrete
bd (N / mm2)

Grade of
concrete
M 15
M 20
M 25
M 30
M 35
M 40
M 45
M 50

Permissible shear stress Table v in concrete (IS : 456-2000)

100As
bd
< 0.15
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
1.25
1.50
1.75
2.00
2.25
2.50
2.75

3.00 and above

Permissible shear stress in concrete

M-15
M-20
M-25
M-30
0.18
0.18
0.19
0.2
0.22
0.22
0.23
0.23
0.29
0.30
0.31
0.31
0.34
0.35
0.36
0.37
0.37
0.39
0.40
0.41
0.40
0.42
0.44
0.45
0.42
0.45
0.46
0.48
0.44
0.47
0.49
0.50
0.44
0.49
0.51
0.53
0.44
0.51
0.53
0.55
0.44
0.51
0.55
0.57
0.44
0.51
0.56
0.58
0.44
0.51
0.57
0.6

tv N/mm2
M-35
M-40
0.2
0.2
0.23
0.23
0.31
0.32
0.37
0.38
0.42
0.42
0.45
0.46
0.49
0.49
0.52
0.52
0.54
0.55
0.56
0.57
0.58
0.60
0.60
0.62
0.62
0.63

Maximum shear stress c.max in concrete (IS : 456-2000)

Grade of concrete

M-15
1.6

Shear stress tc
100As
M-20
bd
0.15
0.18
0.16
0.18

Reiforcement %
100As
M-20
bd
0.18
0.15
0.19
0.18

c.max

M-20
1.8

M-25
1.9

M-30
2.2

M-35
2.3

M-40
2.5

P
Grade of
concrete
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M

10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50

0.17
0.18
0.19
0.2
0.21
0.22
0.23
0.24
0.25
0.26
0.27
0.28
0.29
0.3
0.31
0.32
0.33
0.34
0.35
0.36
0.37
0.38
0.39
0.4
0.41
0.42
0.43
0.44
0.45
0.46
0.47
0.48
0.49
0.5
0.51
0.52
0.53
0.54
0.55
0.56
0.57
0.58
0.59
0.6
0.61
0.62
0.63
0.64
0.65
0.66
0.67

0.18
0.19
0.19
0.19
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.21
0.21
0.21
0.22
0.22
0.22
0.23
0.23
0.24
0.24
0.24
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.26
0.26
0.26
0.27
0.27
0.27
0.28
0.28
0.28
0.29
0.29
0.29
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.31
0.31
0.31
0.31
0.31
0.32
0.32
0.32
0.32
0.32
0.33
0.33
0.33

0.2
0.21
0.22
0.23
0.24
0.25
0.26
0.27
0.28
0.29
0.30
0.31
0.32
0.33
0.34
0.35
0.36
0.37
0.38
0.39
0.4
0.41
0.42
0.43
0.44
0.45
0.46
0.46
0.47
0.48
0.49
0.50
0.51

0.21
0.24
0.27
0.3
0.32
0.35
0.38
0.41
0.44
0.47
0.5
0.55
0.6
0.65
0.7
0.75
0.82
0.88
0.94
1.00
1.08
1.16
1.25
1.33
1.41
1.50
1.63
1.64
1.75
1.88
2.00
2.13
2.25

0.68
0.69
0.7
0.71
0.72
0.73
0.74
0.75
0.76
0.77
0.78
0.79
0.8
0.81
0.82
0.83
0.84
0.85
0.86
0.87
0.88
0.89
0.9
0.91
0.92
0.93
0.94
0.95
0.96
0.97
0.98
0.99
1.00
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18

0.33
0.33
0.34
0.34
0.34
0.34
0.34
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.36
0.36
0.36
0.36
0.36
0.36
0.37
0.37
0.37
0.37
0.37
0.37
0.38
0.38
0.38
0.38
0.38
0.38
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.41
0.41
0.41

1.19
1.20
1.21
1.22
1.23
1.24
1.25
1.26
1.27
1.28
1.29
1.30
1.31
1.32
1.33
1.34
1.35
1.36
1.37
1.38
1.39
1.40
1.41
1.42
1.43
1.44
1.45
1.46
1.47
1.48
1.49
1.50
1.51
1.52
1.53
1.54
1.55
1.56
1.57
1.58
1.59
1.60
1.61
1.62
1.63
1.64
1.65
1.66
1.67
1.68
1.69

0.41
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.42
0.42
0.42
0.42
0.42
0.42
0.42
0.42
0.43
0.43
0.43
0.43
0.43
0.43
0.43
0.43
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46

1.70
1.71
1.72
1.73
1.74
1.75
1.76
1.77
1.78
1.79
1.80
1.81
1.82
1.83
1.84
1.85
1.86
1.87
1.88
1.89
1.90
1.91
1.92
1.93
1.94
1.95
1.96
1.97
1.98
1.99
2.00
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
2.10
2.11
2.12
2.13
2.14
2.15
2.16
2.17
2.18
2.19
2.20

0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50

2.21
2.22
2.23
2.24
2.25
2.26
2.27
2.28
2.29
2.30
2.31
2.32
2.33
2.34
2.35
2.36
2.37
2.38
2.39
2.40
2.41
2.42
2.43
2.44
2.45
2.46
2.47
2.48
2.49
2.50
2.51
2.52
2.53
2.54
2.55
2.56
2.57
2.58
2.59
2.60
2.61
2.62
2.63
2.64
2.65
2.66
2.67
2.68
2.69
2.70
2.71

0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51

2.72
2.73
2.74
2.75
2.76
2.77
2.78
2.79
2.80
2.81
2.82
2.83
2.84
2.85
2.86
2.87
2.88
2.89
2.90
2.91
2.92
2.93
2.94
2.95
2.96
2.97
2.98
2.99
3.00
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
3.07
3.08
3.09
3.10
3.11
3.12
3.13
3.14
3.15

0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51

M-10
--

Permissible Bond stress Table bd in concrete (IS : 456-2000)

M-15
0.6

M-20
0.8

M-25
0.9

M-30
1

M-35
1.1

M-40
1.2

M-45
1.3

Development Length in tension

Plain M.S. Bars
bd (N / mm2)
kd = Ld
0.6
58
0.8
44
0.9
39
1
35
1.1
32
1.2
29
1.3
27
1.4
25

H.Y.S.D. Bars
bd (N / mm2)
kd = Ld
0.96
60
1.28
45
1.44
40
1.6
36
1.76
33
1.92
30
2.08
28
2.24
26

Permissible stress in concrete (IS : 456-2000)

Permission stress in compression (N/mm2) Permissible stress in bond (Average) for
Bending cbc
plain bars in tention (N/mm2)
Direct (cc)
2
2
(N/mm2)
(N/mm2)
(N/mm2)
in kg/m2
Kg/m
Kg/m
--3.0
300
2.5
250
5.0
500
4.0
400
0.6
60
7.0
700
5.0
500
0.8
80
8.5
850
6.0
600
0.9
90
10.0
1000
8.0
800
1.0
100
11.5
1150
9.0
900
1.1
110
13.0
1300
10.0
1000
1.2
120
14.5
1450
11.0
1100
1.3
130
16.0
12.0
1.4
1600
1200
140

M-50
1.4