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The theory of Laplace transforms involves the application of a mathematical transformation to solve linear constant coefficient differential equations. A differential equation given by f(t) can be solved by'simply' transforming the equation into The Laplace domain, as a function of s.

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172 views3 pages

La Place 0

The theory of Laplace transforms involves the application of a mathematical transformation to solve linear constant coefficient differential equations. A differential equation given by f(t) can be solved by'simply' transforming the equation into The Laplace domain, as a function of s.

Uploaded by

richyo1000
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

AN INTRODUCTION TO LAPLACE TRANSFORMS

The theory of Laplace transforms involves the application of a mathematical transformation to solve linear constant coefficient differential equations, and can be compared with the logarithm method that simplifies arithmetic operations. The Laplace transform is defined as

L[ f (t )] = F (s ) = 0 f (t ).e -st .dt

F(s) is defined as the Laplace transform of f(t), where s = i.w [and i=sqrt(-1)], w is the frequency [in radians/second], and t is time. 's' is called the Laplace variable. Thus a differential equation given by f(t) can be solved by 'simply' transforming the equation into the Laplace domain, as a function of s. The solution in the time domain is obtained by determining the inverse transformation L-1[F(s)] to yield f(t). Tables of transforms have been formulated (see overleaf), including several common theorems. E.g. the unit step function f(t)=0 when t<=0 and f(t =1 when t>0.

1 -st - st - st F ( s ) = f ( t ).e .dt = 1.e .dt = - .e s 0 0


And the unit ramp function is given by f(t)=1 for t>0,

1 = s

t -st 1 -st F ( s ) = t .e .dt = - e + .e .dt s s 0


- st

1 = 2 s

SHORT TABLE OF LAPLACE TRANSFORMS


Time function Unit impulse Unit step Unit ramp Polynomial Exponential Unit sine wave Unit cosine wave Damped sine wave Damped cosine wave
1 a 2 +w 2

f(t) d(t) 1 t t e
n

F(s) 1 1/s 1/s2


n! s
n +1

-at

1 s +a
s2
2

Sin(wt) Cos(wt) e Sin(wt) e Cos(wt)


e - at sin( wt - f ) 2 +w 2
-at -at

w + w2

s + w2

w (s + a ) 2 + w 2
s + a (s + a ) 2 + w 2
1 s[( s + a ) 2 2 +w ]

w a

where

-w f = ta n - 1 a

THEOREMS f(t)
1. Linear Transformation: 2. Multiplication by a constant: 3. Shifting Theorem: 4. Differentiation f1(t) f2(t) K.f(t) f(t - T)

F(s)
F1(s) F2(s) K.F(s) e -sT.F(s) s.F(s) - f(0)

d f(t) dt
n d f(t) n dt

Not that if all initial conditions are zero, then sn.F(s)

5. Final value theorem: Valid only if all poles of F(s) have

limit f(t) t

limit s.F(s) s0

negative real parts with the exception of one pole at the origin.

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