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Ovulation and Conception Guide

Spermatogenesis and oogenesis are the processes by which sperm and eggs are produced. Ovulation occurs when a mature egg is released from the ovary. Signs of ovulation include menstrual periods and mittelschmerz. Fertilization is the fusion of sperm and egg to form a zygote. A normal pregnancy is singleton, ends at term, and results in the vaginal delivery of a healthy baby.

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405 views8 pages

Ovulation and Conception Guide

Spermatogenesis and oogenesis are the processes by which sperm and eggs are produced. Ovulation occurs when a mature egg is released from the ovary. Signs of ovulation include menstrual periods and mittelschmerz. Fertilization is the fusion of sperm and egg to form a zygote. A normal pregnancy is singleton, ends at term, and results in the vaginal delivery of a healthy baby.

Uploaded by

api-3705046
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

OVULATION AND

CONCEPTION – NORMAL
PREGNANCY
By
Dr. N. Orazulike
Conception is the end result of a
series of events which include:
Spermatogenesis
Oogenesis
Transportation of these spermatozoa and
ova through the genital tract
Fertilization
Implantation of the zygote in the
endometrial cavity
SPERMATOGENESIS
This requires testicular growth and differentiation
and is under endocrine control by FSH and
paracrine control by androgens produced by LH
stimulated by leydig cells.
Spermatogonia
mitosis
Spermatocyte
meiosis
Spermatids

Spermatozoa
OOGENESIS
This is the process of formation and maturation of
the oocyte. It is initiated with growth of the
primodial follicle and completed with the final
maturation of the pre-ovulatory follicle
Primodial follicle
85 days
Large antral follicle
14 days which is the follicular phase of
a 28 day cycle
Pre-ovulatory follicle
OVULATION
This is the release of a mature oocyte
from the ovarian follicle. An intact
Hypothalamic -Pituitary-Ovarian (HPO)
axis is essential for normal ovarian
function
SIGNS OF OVULATION
Regular menstual periods
Primary dysmenorrhoea
Mittelschmerz
Cervical mucus and spinnbarkeit phenomenon
Increase in basal body temperature – thermogenic nature of
progesterone
Vaginal cytology
1st half of cycle: pink flat with pyknotic cells – eosinophilic cells
2nd half of cycle: basophilic cells – progesterone effect
Secretory endometrium in mid luteal phase endometrial biopsy
LH surge
Mid luteal phase serum progesterone level (days 21-23) = usually
10nmol/L
Laparoscopy – visualize corpus luteum
Ultrasound Scan of ovaries – follicular tracking
Pregnancy – which is the ultimate sign of ovulation
FERTILIZATION
This is the process by which the male
gamete (spermatozoon) fuses with the
female gamete (oocyte) to give rise to a
new organism, the zygote. (Fusion of the
male and female pronuclei to form a
zygote)
NORMAL PREGNANCY
This refers to a singleton pregnancy with
longitudinal lie and cephalic presentation
devoid of any gynaecological, obstetric,
medical and surgical complication which
ends sponteneously at term through a
normal vaginal delivery of a normal baby
weighing 3.2kg (2.5kg - <4kg)
Thus a normal pregnancy is a
retrospective diagnosis

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