Generic name: Dopamine

Brand name: Decocard, Hospira Dopamine HCl

Classification: Cardivascular Drugs/Sympothomimetic, direct-acting

Action: Immediate precursor of dopamine in the body, exogenous

administration produces direct stimulation of beta-1 receptors and variable
stimulation of alpha receptors, will cause release of norepinephrine from
storage sites.

Indication: Correction of hemodynamic imbalances present in shock after

myocardial infarction; trauma, endotoxic septicemia, surgery and renal
failure or imbalances in conditions of chronic refractory cardiac
decompensation.

Dosage: IV initial dose: 2 to 5 mcg/kg/min

Contraindication: Should not be used in patients with phaechromocytoma

or hyperthyroidism, nor the presence of uncorrected tachyarrhythmias or
ventricular fibrillation.

Adverse reaction: Ectopic beats: tachycardia; angina pain; palpitation;

hypotension

Nursing consideration:

1. Explain to patient/family the reasons for medication, expected results,

reasons for all monitoring and procedures done.

2. Advise the patient to be aware and report all identified adverse

reactions.

3. Emphasize the importance of reporting discomforts at IV site.

Generic name: Epinephrine / adrenaline

Brand name: Hizon Epinephrine

Classification: Cardiovascular drugs/ Sympothomimetic, direct-acting

Action: Stimulates both alpha and beta-receptors within sympathetic

nervous system that relaxes bronchial smooth muscle.

Indication: Treatment and prophylaxis of transitory atrioventricular heart

block, treatment of Adam-Stokes syndrome, treatment of hay fever.

Dosage: 0.5 ml of 1:1000 solution in 10 ml saline administer IM

Contraindication: Angleclosure glaucoma, shock, organic heart and brain

disease, cardiac dilation, arrhythmias, coronary insufficiency or cerebral
arteriosclerosis.

Precaution: elderly patients, patients with cardiovascular disease,

pulmonary edema

Adverse reaction: Cardiac arrhythmias, excessive hypertension, palpitation

Nursing Consideration:

1. Caution patient to avoid smoking and other respiratory irritants

2. Caution patient to refrain from driving or engaging in tasks requiring

alertness until response to drug is known

3. Advise patient to notify physician if pregnant or planning to get

pregnant

4. Instruct patients not to exceed prescribed dose or frequency of use

Generic name: Ranitidine

Brand name: Ceranid, Cygran, Intac Entac, Ranid, Raxide

Classification: Gastrointestinal/Hepatobiliary Drugs/Histamine H-2 receptor

blocking drugs

Action: Inhibits histamine at H2 receptor site in the gastric pariental cells,

which inhibits gastric acid secretion.

Indication: Used in the management of various ganstrointestinal disorder

such as dyspepsia, GERD, Peptic ulcer and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.

Dosage: 50 mg IV q8 * 2 doses

Contraindication: Hypersensitivity, history of acute porphyria. Long term

therapy

Precaution: Possible malignancy should be considered before therapy as it

may mask symptoms of gastric carcinoma.

Adverse action: Cardiac arrhythmias, bradycardia.

Nursing consideration:
 1. Do not take any new medication during therapy without consulting
physician

2. Take exactly as directed; do not increase dose-may take several

days before noticeable relief

3. Allow 1 hr between any other antacids

4. Follow diet as physician recommends

5. Avoid excessive alcohol.

Generic name: Atropine sulfate

Brand name: Atropiar

Classification: Cholinergic blocking drug

Action: Blocks acetylcholine effects on postganglionic cholinergic receptors

in smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, exocrine glands, urinary bladder, and the
AV and Sv nodes in the heart.

Indication: Administration prior to anesthesia to reduce or prevent

secretions of respiratory tract; to control rhinorrhea; treatment of
Parkinsonism; restoration of cardiac rate and arterial pressure in some
situations.

Dosage: IV administration adult 0.4-0.6 mg q 4 or 6

Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to antcholinergics; narrow-angel

glaucoma; adhesions between iris and lens
Precaution: Patient with CHF, COPD, hypertension, hyperthyroidism, peptic
ulcer, spastic paralysis and in infants, small children elderly or debilitated
patients.

Adverse reaction: Palpitation, bradycardia, tachycardia, orthostatic

hypotension headache

Nursing consideration:

1. Advise patient no to perform strenuous activity in high temperatures

due to danger of heat stroke

2. Instruct patient to take as prescribed and not to skip doses

3. Instruct patient to report blurring of vision, loss of sight; troubled

breathing, sweating, flushing, chest pain

Generic name: Buscopan

Brand name: Scopolamine butylbromide

Classification: Anticholinergics

Action: Inhibits muscarinicactions of acetylcholine on autonomic efforts

innevated by potganglionic cholinergic neurons

Dosage: 10 to 20 mg P.O. tid

Contraindication: in patient with angelclosure glaucoma, obstructive

uropathy,

Adverse reaction: Constipation, dry mouth, nausea, vomiting, epigastric

distress

Nursing consideration:
 1. Tolerance may develop when therapy is prolonged

2. Adverse reaction may be caused by pending atropine- like toxicity and

are dose related.

3. Use cautiously in patient with autonomic neuropathy,

hyperthyroidism,coronary artery disease.

Generic name: Furosemide

Brand name: Fretic, Frusema

Classification: Diuretic, loop

Action: Inhibits sodium and chloride reabsorption at the peoximal tubules,

distal tubules and ascending loop of Henley leading to excretion of water
together with sodium, chloride and potassium.

Dosage: 20 to 80 mg as a single dose

Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to sulfonylurea; anuria

Precaution: Lactation, Excreted in breast milk

Adverse reaction: Orthostatic hypotension, thrombophlebitis, chronic

aortitis, vertigo, headache, dizziness
Nursing consideration:

1. Instruct patient to take with food or milk if GI symptoms of nausea and

anorexia occur

2. Teach patient to take and record Bp and pulse

3. Instruct patient to lie down if dizziness occur

4. Advise patient to wear protective clothing and sunscreen to prevent

photosensitivity

Generic name: Simvaststin

Brand name: Afordel, Alvotast

Classification: Cardiovascular drugs/Antihyperlipidemic

Action: Inhibits HMG-COA reductase enzyme, which reduces cholesterol

synthesis; this enzyme for cholesterol production

Indication: To reduce low density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotien

beta and Triglycerides

Dosage: 20-40 mg without food

Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to any component of this preparation

Precaution: Temporarily stop therapy a few days before major surgery

Adverse reaction: Abdominal pain, constipation, flatulence

Nursing consideration:

1. Instruct patient to take drug with the evening meal because taking this
enhances absorption and increase cholesterol biosynthesis

2. Tell patient about proper dietary management of cholesterol and

triglycerides

3. Do not breast feed

Generic name: Captopril

Brand name: Capotent

Classification: Antihypertesive, angiotensin synthesis

Action: Selectively suppresses rennin angiotensin aldosterone system

Indication: Hypertension, congestive heart failure, left ventricular

dysfunction after myocardial infarction, diabetic nephropathy

Dosage: 25 mg 2-3* a day

Contraindication: Hypersensitivity, lactation, heart block, children ,

potassium-sprang diuretics

Precaution: Dialysis patient, hypovolemia

Adverse reaction: Fever, chills. Loss of taste, Liver function tests

Nursing consideration:

1. Inform patient that dose should be reduced if with carnitine deficiency

secondary to hemodialysis

2. Advise patient to add dairy and red meat in diet to have a great source
of carnitine, but consult a physician or dietician before doing so.

Generic name: Cefuroxime

Brand name: Ceftin

Classification: Cephalosporin, second generation

Action: A second generation cepgalosporin that inhibits cell wall synthesis,

promoting osmotic instability; usually bactericidal

Indication: Serious infections of the lower respiratory and urinary tract, skin
and skin structure infection, bone and joint infection

Dosage: 750mg to 1.5 g IM

Contraindication: in patient hypersensitive to drug or other cephalosporins

Nursing consideration:

1. Use cautiously in patient hypersensitive to penicillin because of

possibility of cross sensitivity with other beta lactam antibiotics
 2. Obtaine specimen for culture and sensitivity test before giving the first
dose

3. Absorption of cefuroxime in enhanced by food

Generic name: Diphenhydramine

Brand name: Benadryl

Classification: Anhistamine

Action: Acts on blood vessels, GI, respiratory system by antagonizing the

effect of histamine fir H1 receptor site.

Indication: It is used for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions

including urticaria and angioedema, rhinitis and conjunctivitis

Dosage: 50 mg 3 to 4 times a day

Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to antihistamines, narrow-angel

galaucoam, stenosing peptic ulcer

Precaution: May cause drowsiness and dulling of mental alertness

Adverse reaction: Orthostatic hypotension, palpitation, bradycardia,

tachycardia
Nursing consideration:

1. Tell patient that false negative result may occur with skin testing,
these procedures should not be scheduled until 3 days after
discontinuing use

2. Caution patient to avoid hazardous activities and activities requiring

alertness

3. Teach patient to use sunscreen to prevent photo sensitivity

4. Advise patient to avoid alcohol, other depressants; CNS depression

may occur

Generic name: Gentamacin

Brand name: Adelinin

Classification: Antibiotic, aminoglycoside

Action: Interferes with protein synthesis in bacterial cell by binding to

ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of genetic code

Indication: Short term treatment of serious infections caused by susceptible

strains of microorganism, especially gram negative bacteria

Dosage: 3 to 5 mg/kg/day in divided dose

Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to gentamicin, flurometholone,

benzalkonium Cl; injury and ulceration of the cornea
Precaution: Because the risk ototoxicity and neprotoxicity in increased at
high plasma concentration, it is generally desirable to determine dosage
requiments of the amoniglycosides by individual monitoring

Adverse reaction: Headache, dizziness, vertigo, encephalopathy,

confusion, fever, lethargy, convulsion, muscle weakness and twitching

Nursing consideration:

1. Teach patient to report sore throat, bruising, bleeding, joint pain, may
indicate blood dyscrasias

2. Advice patient to contact physician if vaginal itching, loose foul

smelling stools, furry tongue occur, may indicate superimposed
infection

3. Advice the patient to drink adequate amounts of water(2-3L/day)

unless instructed to restrict fluid intake

4. Inform patient might experience GI upset, loss of appetite, small

frequent meals and frequent mouth care may help

5. Advice patient to inform physician if pregnancy is planned or

suspected

Generic name: Hydrocortisone

Brand name: Cortizan, Pharex Hydrocortisone

Classification: Hormones drugs/Glucocorticoid

Action: Glucocorticoid with anti-inflammatory effect because of its ability to

inhibits prostaglandin synthesis, inhibits migration of macrophages,
leucocytes, and fibrolasts at site of inflammantion, phogocyctosis and
lysosomal enzyme release.

Indication: Treatment of primary or secondary adrenal cortex insufficiency,

rheumatic disorder, collagen disease, dermatologic disease, allergic states,
allergic and inflammatory ophthalmic processes
Dosage: 5-30mg 2 times/4 times a day

Contraindication: Systemic fungal infection; IM use in idiopathic

thrombocytopenic purpura, administration of live virus vaccine in patient
receiving immunosuppressive corticoid doses; psychosis; acute
glomerulonephritis

Precaution: Lactation excreted in breast milk. Children may absorb

proportional large amounts of topical corticosteroids and thus be more
susceptible to systemic toxicity

Adverse reaction: Depression, flushing, sweating, headache, mood

changes, hypertension, circulatory collapse, embolism, tachycardia, edema

Nursing consideration:

1. Teach patient all aspect of drug usage, the danger of stopping abruptly
after long tern therapy and signs of early adrenal insufficiency

2. Warn patient receiving long term therapy about Cushingoid symptoms

3. Advice exercise and use of vit. D and calcium supplement

4. Advice the patient to take the medication with food

5. Caution the patient on use of OTC products that contained salicylates

and alcohol

Generic name: vitamin K or Phytomenadione

Brand name: Konakion MM/Konakion MM Paed

Classification: Cardiovascular/Vitamin K derivative

Action: Synthetic analog of vit. K which is essential fo hepatic synthesis of

blood clothing factors II, VII, IX and X

Indication: Vitamin K compounds are use in the treatment and prevent of

hemorrhage associated with Vitamin K deficiency
Dosage: 0.5 to 5mg IM

Contraindication: Pronounced allergic diathesis infants <1 yr.

Adverse reaction: Hypotension, cyanosis, headache, dizziness, pruritic

erythematous plaques at intramuscular injection site, rash, urticaria

Nursing consideration:

1. Explain to the patient/family the indication for therapy and the

expected result

2. Stress the need for periodic lab tests to monitor coagulation

3. Instruct patient to report symptoms of bleeding: bruising, nosebleeds,

blood in urine, black tarry stools

4. Advise patient to avoid use of hard toothbrush, flossing, razors and

sharp object until treatment is terminated

5. Teach patient necessary foods high in vitamin K to be included in diet

Generic name: Cefepime

Brand name: Cepimax

Classification: Cephalosporin, third generation/anti-infectives

Action: Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis, rendering cell wall osmotically
unstable, leading to cell death
Indication: Treatment of respiratory tract infection, including pneumonia
and bronchitis; urinary tract infection, both complicated, including
pyelonephritis

Dosage: 500 mg

Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to beta-lactam antibiotics. Infants less

than 1 month

Precaution: Antibiotics should be administered with caution to any patient

who has demonstrated allergy, particularly to the drugs.

Adverse reaction: Rash, pruritus, urticaria, nausea, vomiting, oral

moniliasis, diarrhea, headache, fever, vaginitis and erythema

Nursing consideration:

1. Instruct patient to take medication as prescribed for the length of time

ordered even if he feels better

2. Instruct patient to take with food

3. Teach patient to report sore throat, bruising, bleeding, and joint pain

4. Advise patient to watch out for perineal itching, fever, malaise,

redness, pain, swelling, drainage, sputum or furry

5. Advise patient to report bloody, mucoid diarrhea which may indicate

psuedomembrane colitis

Generic name: Aluminum hydroxide

Brand name: Maalox

Classification: Antacid

Action: Neutralizes gastric acidity thus reduces the total acid load at GI tract
Indication: Peptic, gastric duodenal ulcer, hyperphosphatemia in chronic
renal failure, reflux esophagitis, GERD, stress ulcer prevention in critically ill

Dosage: 600mg 1 hour after meal

Contraindication: Hypophosphatemia, kidney failure, renal failure, partial

intestinal obstruction, appendicitis, fecal impaction, constipation.

Precaution: Chronic renal failure may cause phosphate depletion. Antacid

alerts absorption of other drugs.

Adverse reaction: Constipation, diarrhea, stomach cramps, fecal impaction

Nursing consideration:

1. Instruct patient to increase fluids to 2000 mL/day unless

contraindicated

2. Instruct patient to avoid phosphate-containing foods (most dairy

products, eggs, fruits, carbonated beverages) during drug therapy, to
add cheese corn, pasta, plums, prunes, lentils

3. Instruct patient that stools may appear white or speckled

4. Instruct patient to check with physician after 2 wks of self prescribed

antacid use, may be used for 4-6 wks after symptoms subside

5. Instruct patient not to use for prolonged period if serum phosphate is

low or if on a low sodium diet; CHF patients should check foe sodium
content an duse sodium reduced products