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Cholelithiasis Pathophysiology Overview

Gallstone formation, or cholelithiasis, can be influenced by both modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors. Non-modifiable factors include female sex, increasing age, genetics, and race. Modifiable risk factors are obesity, rapid weight loss, certain infections, prolonged fasting, and a high-fat diet. Gallstones form when bile contains high cholesterol levels, causing cholesterol crystals to form in the gallbladder. The crystals can then agglomerate into gallstones. Gallstones may lead to obstruction of the biliary tract and inflammation of the gallbladder known as cholecystitis.

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Nicol John Ceballos
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123 views2 pages

Cholelithiasis Pathophysiology Overview

Gallstone formation, or cholelithiasis, can be influenced by both modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors. Non-modifiable factors include female sex, increasing age, genetics, and race. Modifiable risk factors are obesity, rapid weight loss, certain infections, prolonged fasting, and a high-fat diet. Gallstones form when bile contains high cholesterol levels, causing cholesterol crystals to form in the gallbladder. The crystals can then agglomerate into gallstones. Gallstones may lead to obstruction of the biliary tract and inflammation of the gallbladder known as cholecystitis.

Uploaded by

Nicol John Ceballos
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Pathophysiology of Cholelithiasis

Gall Bladder

Etiologic Factor Non-Modifiable:


Demographic/Genetic factor
Female sex hormone
Increasing age
Bacterial Infection: Race: Asian
staphylococcus,
streptococcus Modifiable:
organisnms. E. coli, Obesity
typhoid bacillus Weight Loss
Ileac Disease
Pregnancy Fasting
Prolonged parenteral nutrition
Drugs (clofibrate)
High calorie, high fat diet
Chronic hemolysis
Parasitic infestation

Supersaturation of bile with cholesterol


(Cholesterol concentration exceed the solubilizing
capacity of bile)

Gallbladder hypomotility promotes nucleation

Cholesterol nucleation in bile is accelerated

Mucus hypersecretion in the gallbladder traps the


crystals, permitting their agglomeration into stones
Gallstones

May lead to obstruction

Inflammation (cholecystitis)

Frequent- Biliary Nausea/ -fever Leukocyto- hematuria An-


ly colic/right vomiting -chills sis xiety
asympto- upper appre-
matic epigastric hen-
(initial) pain, sion
Murphy
sign,
abdominal
tender-
ness

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