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Digestive System and Enzyme Functions

The document summarizes the human digestive system. It describes the process of digestion, which breaks down large food molecules into smaller forms that can be absorbed. Digestion occurs along the alimentary canal (gut), which is around 8 meters long. Key parts include the mouth, esophagus, stomach, duodenum, small intestine, and large intestine. The stomach, pancreas, liver, and intestinal glands secrete enzymes and juices that break down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats at each stage into smaller molecules like glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids which can then be absorbed.

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249 views11 pages

Digestive System and Enzyme Functions

The document summarizes the human digestive system. It describes the process of digestion, which breaks down large food molecules into smaller forms that can be absorbed. Digestion occurs along the alimentary canal (gut), which is around 8 meters long. Key parts include the mouth, esophagus, stomach, duodenum, small intestine, and large intestine. The stomach, pancreas, liver, and intestinal glands secrete enzymes and juices that break down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats at each stage into smaller molecules like glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids which can then be absorbed.

Uploaded by

Saya Dia
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

2.

HUMAN
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
What is digestion?

• A process of breaking down large food into


smaller/ simpler form so that it can be
absorbed into the bloodstream.

Where does this process take place?


In the eight-metre long tube called the
gut/ alimentary canal
THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

Mouth Oesophagus Stomach Duodenum


Anus Large intestine Small intestine
• 3 main types of digestive enzymes:
» Carbohydrases - break down carbohydrate
» Preteases - break down protein
» Lipases - break down fats

Enzyme : substances which act as


catalysts and generally speed up the
chemical reaction in our body
Digestion in the mouth
• Food is broken down into smaller pieces
by the teeth
• Salivary amilase ( in saliva) acts
starch(carbohydrates) and change it to
maltose.
• When we swallow, food passes into a tube which
is called oesophagus.
• The food is squeezed down the oesophagus by
waves of muscular contraction ; peristalsis
• Digestion in the stomach
• The stomach secretes gastric juice
(contain protease and hydrochloric acid
Protease catalyse the breakdown of proteins
to polypepetides or peptones
Function of hydrochoric acid
 Stop the action of salivary amilase
 Provides acidic medium for action of protease
 Changes the inactive form of protease to active
form
 Kills microorganisms in food
• Digestion in duodenum
The duodenum receives bile from the
liver and pancreatic juice from
pancreas.
function of bile:
-Neutralises acidic chyme from the
stomach
-Emulsifies fats into oil droplet
Function of pancreatic juice:
-Neutralises acidic chyme
-Digests carbohydrates, lipids and
protein
>> Pancreatic amylase breaks downs
starch into maltose
>> Protease changes proteins to
polypeptides
>> Lipase turns fats and oil into fatty
acids and glycerol
Digestion in the lower part of the small
intestine
• Intestinal glands produces intestinal juices
which contains digestive enzymes
Carbohydrase turn maltose to glucose
Proteases turns polypeptides into amino
acids
Lipase convert fats to fatty acid
End product of digestion
Classes of food End product
Carbohydrates Glucose

Proteins Amino acids

Fats Fatty acids and glycerol

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