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Pa Tho Physiology

The document summarizes the pathophysiology of acute cholecystitis. It begins by explaining that acute cholecystitis is usually caused by obstruction of the bile duct due to gallstones, leading to gallbladder distension and edema. This causes ischemia and inflammation mediated by prostaglandins. The inflammation can become bacterial, potentially leading to gangrene or emphysematous cholecystitis if gas-forming bacteria infect the gallbladder wall. While bacteria are often present, the initial inflammation is typically sterile secondary to biliary obstruction.

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60 views4 pages

Pa Tho Physiology

The document summarizes the pathophysiology of acute cholecystitis. It begins by explaining that acute cholecystitis is usually caused by obstruction of the bile duct due to gallstones, leading to gallbladder distension and edema. This causes ischemia and inflammation mediated by prostaglandins. The inflammation can become bacterial, potentially leading to gangrene or emphysematous cholecystitis if gas-forming bacteria infect the gallbladder wall. While bacteria are often present, the initial inflammation is typically sterile secondary to biliary obstruction.

Uploaded by

maan20
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Modifiable Non Modifiable

Sedentary Life style AGE= near 40 and above

Obesity = Fatty foods GENDER= Female

RACE= American, Chinese

and other race with fair

complexion

Hereditary

Fertile Women

Formation of Gall Stones


Obstruction of Gall Stones

In the Bile

Venous and Lymphatic Drainage

Is Impaired

Proliferation of Bacteria Occurs

Areas of ischemia may develop


Inflamed Gall bladder is edematous

And thickened

May have areas of Gangrene

Or Necrosis
Pathophysiology of Cholecystitis

Acute Cholecystitis Pathophysiology


One of the most common types of cholecystitis is acute cholecystitis. This is when the onset of inflammation of the gallbladder is sudden and intense, with fast
progression of the disease. More often that not, the inflammation is caused due to obstruction of the bile duct, which is known as calculous cholecystitis, as they
are caused due to gallstones, or cholelithisasis. There are other causes of acute cholecystitis as well, such as ischemia, chemical poisoning, motility disorders,
infections with protozoa, collagen disease, allergic reactions, etc. The obstruction results in gallbladder distension, which results in edema of the cells lining the
gallbladder. This in turn results in ischemia, which spurs on inflammatory mediators, especially prostaglandins, which further aggravates the inflammation. The
lining wall of the gallbladder may eventually undergo necrosis and gangrene, which is known as gangrenous cholecystitis. 

The inflammation of the gallbladder wall may be bacterial in nature, or may even be sterile in some cases. In cases where it is bacterial, there is normally super-
infection with gas forming organisms, which may lead to formation of gas in the wall or the lumen of the gallbladder, which leads to a condition known as
emphysematous cholecystitis. However, it is normally seen that bacterial contamination is secondary to biliary obstruction, because in the early stages of
gallbladder wall inflammation, the bile is seen to be sterile. Read more on gallbladder problems causing cholecystitis.

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