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Fiber Properties

The document discusses the primary and secondary properties of fibers that are important for processing fibers into yarns and fabrics. The five primary properties are: having a high length to width ratio, sufficient tenacity or strength, flexibility, spinning quality or cohesiveness, and uniformity. The seven secondary properties described are: physical shape, specific gravity, luster, moisture regain and absorption, elastic recovery and elongation, resiliency, and flammability and other thermal reactions.

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Rahul Rattu
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5K views2 pages

Fiber Properties

The document discusses the primary and secondary properties of fibers that are important for processing fibers into yarns and fabrics. The five primary properties are: having a high length to width ratio, sufficient tenacity or strength, flexibility, spinning quality or cohesiveness, and uniformity. The seven secondary properties described are: physical shape, specific gravity, luster, moisture regain and absorption, elastic recovery and elongation, resiliency, and flammability and other thermal reactions.

Uploaded by

Rahul Rattu
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Fiber Properties

Primary Fiber properties

1. High length to width ratio: Fibers must be considerably longer than they are wide to permit
processing into yarns and fabrics. This quality is referred to as a high length to width or length to
breadth ratio.

2. Tenacity: Strength varies among different kinds of fibers, it must always be sufficient to
withstand chemical and machine processing of the fibers as well as to provide durability in the
end product.

3. Flexibility: Fibers must be bendable, pliable, or flexible if they are to be made into yarns and
fabrics that can be creased, that have the quality of drapability and the capacity to move with
the body and that permit freedom of movement.

4. Spinning Quality or cohesiveness: Cohesiveness is the ability of the fibers to stick together
during fiber arranging or yarn manufacturing processes. Without cohesiveness or spinning
quality, fibers would not hold together properly.

5. Uniformity: For the processing of yarns it is important that fibers be similar in length and width,
in spinning quality, and in flexibility. Uniformity will produce even yarns and, ultimately provide
fabrics of uniform appearance.

Secondary Properties

6. Physical Shape: In addition to the high length-to-breadth ratio, the shape of a fiber includes
such factors as average length, surface contour, surface irregularities and cross section. They are
responsible for certain differences in yarn and fabric properties.

7. Specific gravity: The specific gravity of a fiber indicates the density relative to that of water. The
density of water at 4ºC temperature is 1. Fabrics composed of fibers such as nylon or acrylic
(with low density), provided all other factors are identical. The fibers with a specific gravity of
less than 1 will float on water.

8. Luster: Luster refers to the gloss or shine that a fiber possesses. It depends upon the amount of
light reflected by a fiber and determines the fiber’s natural brightness or dullness. Among
natural fibers, silk inherently has a high luster, cotton a low luster, In manufactured fibers it is
possible to control the degree of luster, either raising it or reducing it by means of added
pigments or other modifying processes.

9. Moisture Regain and Moisture Absorption: Most textile fibers have a certain amount of water
as an integral part of their structure. This water is called moisture regain and is expressed as a
percentage of the weight of the moisture-free fiber. Fibers with good moisture regain will
accept dyes and finishes more readily than fibers with low regain. Some fibers are stronger
when wet than dry, others are weaker when wet.

10. Elastic Recovery and Elongation: The amount of stretch or extension that a fiber will accept is
referred to as elongation.

11. Resiliency: The ability of a fiber to return to shape after compression, bending, creasing or
similar deformation is called resiliency. It helps to determine a fabric’s crease recovery or
smooth-surface.

12. Flammability and Other Thermal Reactions: These indicate the behavior of individual fibers at
various temperature. Thermal characteristics of textiles are important in their use and care.

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