en There is a wide range of timber doors and ironmongeries available in the market. This guide focuses only on the commonly used products. 2.1. TYPES OF TIMBER DOORS Table 2.1 shows the types of timber doors commonly used in local residential projects. Table 2.1 Types of timber doors eer ay Pees 9 dos 41.1. Traditional system =F wit \ DOOR PANEL MAIN FRAME. NL ARCHITRAVE * Installation of door frame is carriad out as the wall is being erected + This systemis fast being replaced by the subframe system as instaling the door frame at early stage of construction faces the following problems: © Door frame may warp or shrink due to movement, tansion, as wall {as change in moisture content and temperature during plastering or grouting work © Door frame may be damaged/ dented by impact of heavy objects © Door frame may be stained by cement mortar or paint + Proper protection of the door frame is needed while other trades are in progress.TIMBER DOORS | DESIGN ‘Types of timber doors 1.2. Sub-trame system Ce DOOR PANEL _ MAIN FRAME ARCHITRAVE — SUBFRAME Consists of a sub-frame and a main frame. The sub-frame is installed at the early stage of construction. The installation of the main frame will only commence after the completion of other internal trades. ‘Sub-frame is usually fabricated with a smaller width (about 10mm) 'an the main frame to allow adjustment for any misalignment. ‘There are two methods of installing the sub-frame: © before wall erection; and © after wall erection Instaling the sub-frame after wall erection is preferred as no studding of door sub-trame is needed. Tho advantages of subframe systom are © Prevent damages to the main frame and save cost and time from Undesirable abortive works © No staining of door frame by cement mortar and paint © The main frame is less likely to be subjected to warpage or shrinkage due to differential movement, tension or change in moisture content and temperature during plastering or grouting work 1.8. Rebated and lft-up door system UP HINGE _ DOOR PANEL ~ SUB-FRAME ARCHITRAVE This is a modified sub-frame sy: © Concealed gap between door and frame © Better acoustic effect m with the following difference: © More convenient and easier to uplift the door panel with the use of ft up hinges © Liftup hinges requiredTIMBER DOORS | DESIGN Types of timber doors Pee 2. Sliding door * Door panel slides to the left ort he right of the doorway. * Itis generally used in a narrow space where the use of swing door is not feasible. jecently, pocket wall framing system that hides a sliding door panel inside a wallis used in some residential projects. This system gives better aesthetics as the track and door panel are hidden inside the wall. However, repair of any damaged sliding track may reauire one sida of the wall to be removed. UgTIMBER DOORS | DESIGN 2.2. TYPES OF DOOR ‘There are a number of cifferent door panel designs. While the door design is chosen by the designers, the contractors should also ensure the selected door meets its performance requirements. The typos of door panol, material and other related requirements are stated in SS 347-1990 Specification for Timber Door. Table 2.2 provides a summary of the types of door panel st Table 2.2 Types of door Dron ea PANEL fated in SS 347, ‘+ Flush door is a door having two plane faces which entirely cover and conceal its structure. + Itincludes doors with cellular, intermediate ral, block board or particle board cores. 1.1 With eslluar core < RAIL {-— CELLULAR CORE }¢—se j-— Lock Bock {-— FINISHING FACES to which the finishing fa ‘+ The door panel comes with cellular type core infill, 1298 are bonded. 1.2 With intermediate rail core INTERMEDIATE RAIL + The door panel comprises intermediate rails evenly distributed at a spacing of not exceeding 200mm contre-to-centre, to which the finishing faces are bonded.TIMBER DOORS | DESIGN Types of door panel 1.3. With block board core t— BLock BOARD CORE ‘+ The door panel is made of block board cores glued edge-to-edge to form a solid door. A finishing face is then bonded over the block board core, ou * Joinery door has solid vertical members, rails and Deser 1.4. With particle board core PARTICLE BOARD CORE ‘+ The door panel is made of particle hoard cores to form a solid doo. A finishing face is then bonded ‘over the particle board core, panels. 2.1. With ledges and braces pool | tence BRACE WZ Each door should have no less than three ledges. Braces should be neatly scribed to the ledges. 2.2. With frames and ledges FH tor ra + let ste INTERMEDIATE ai RAIL eorrom iS RAIL + The framing members should be joined by means. of mortises and tenons, or dowels, to produce a Figid framingTIMBER DOORS |DESIGN Doomrceey Eee 2.8. With panels 2.4. With louvres TOP RAIL < PANEL, < ¢— ste [————¥}- BoTTOM ral The panels can be made of plywood, * The lowver blades should not be less than 6mm, hardwood, glass or par board. thick. 2.3. IRONMONGERY The selection of quality ironmongeries, especially the hinges and securing devices (Le. latches of locks), is critical to ensure the performance of doot. Table 2.3 describes the types of itonmongery commonly used in the local industry. Table 2.3 Types of ironmongery Deen ad Peeks 1. Door handle, latch 8 lock + In most cas door handle, atch & lock work as @ set and operate in conjunction with one another. * Door handles can be classified in the following two categories: © Those that have @ basic knob design; and © Those that operate in a lever fashion + The type of latch & lock used for a door depends mainly on the degree of security required. Internal door normally require only latch fitted with suitable handle. Exterior door may require a lock and alate, which are often incorporated in a single piece. * The quality and security level of lock vary considerably. Careful selection of lock for exterior alin ensure adequate securityTIMBER DOORS | DESIGN Benen ‘+ The common types of lock & latch used are as follows: © Mortice lock This is operated by a latch and a lock. The latch 's operated by a handle while the lock is operated by akey. © Security cylinder This is used when a degree of security is required © Cylindrical lock ty used for internal doors. Its relatively cheaper and easy to install © Latch This is normally used for added security for external doors. © Door guard This is normally used for added security for external doors. It allows the occupier to open the door slightly to see who is outside t and yet remain secured. ‘+ The most commonly used hinges for internal and external doors are butt hinges. For large doors such as width of door more than 1.2m, pivoted hinges are quite commonly used. ‘+ The number and type of hinges used depends (on the door design (i.e. types and dimensions}. Manufacturer's recommendations and instructions should be followed.TIMBER DOORS |DESIGN Doone ons Eee rd 8, Other accessories ‘+ [Link] closer automatically closes the door in a controlled and smooth manner. The closer can be either surface mounted or concealed, * The selection of concealed closer is mainly dus to aesthetic consideration. However, if the door is heavy, closer with compatible sirength should be chosen, 2.4. STANDARDISATION It is recommended to standardize the door size and door structural opening wherever possible. Table 2.4 shows examples of ideal structural opening sizes recommended by manufacturer. The advantages of standardizing the door size and opening are as follows: © Simplify design details and less change of misunderstanding © Loss co-ordination on siteTIMBER DOORS | DESIGN 2.5. STRUCTURAL SUPPORT Inadequate design may transfer the vertical load of the wall to the door frame. This affects the ease of operation of the door. Vertical load above the door must be designed to be transferred to a lintel or other structural systems to minimize deflection in the door (Figure 2.1), Figure 2.1 Types of lintel used for door opening 10TIMBER DOORS |DESIGN n 2.6. PLANNING FOR SEQUENCE OF INSTALLATION Installation of door involves the fixing of the door frame/ sub-frame at an earlier construction tage and subsequent llation of door panel, main frame (for sub-frame system}, architrave and ironmongery at the later stage o construction. To ensure quality, itis important to plan and follow the proper sequence of installation. Table 2.5 summaries the recommended sequence of installation to achieve a qualty timber door. Table 2.5 Sequence of insta Inst aS Te ced cond 1.1 Installing door frame ‘+ For traditional system, installation of door frame is carried out as wall is boing erected (before plastering or installing wall tiles. ‘+ For sub-rame and rebated systems, there are two methods of installing the sub-frame: © Before wal erection or © After wall erection The installation of main frame is carried out only after completion of all the following trades: © Plastering and painting of wall or wall ting © Flooring © Other internal trades, such as installation of builtin cabinet, 1.2. Installing architrave, door panel * Installation of architrave, door panel and ironmongery should only and ironmonery commence after completion of all the following trades: © Plastering and painting of wall or wall tiling © Flooring © Other internal trades, such as installation of builtin cabinet ete, ‘For wall with skirting, the interface between archit should be well coordinated ve and skirtingTIMBER DOORS | DESIGN Installing timber door Beaks 2.1. Installing sliding track! cavity wall frame n of the sliding track is carried out after the * For sliding door, instalat completion the following trades: © Plastering and painting of wall © Flooring * For pocket wall framing system, the installation of cavity wall frame commences as wall is being erected (before plastering or instaling wall tiles) 2.2. Installing architrave, door panel and ironmonery * Installation of architrave, door panel and ironmongery should only commence after completion of all the following trades: © Plastering and painting of wall or wall tiling © Flooring © Other internal trades, such as installation of built-in cabinet, ete 2