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Urinary System

The urinary system removes waste from the blood through the kidneys, which filter the blood to form urine. The kidneys contain millions of nephrons that filter the blood, reabsorb useful substances, and secrete waste to produce urine. The urine travels from the nephrons to the ureters, bladder, and urethra to exit the body. The kidneys also regulate water and electrolyte balance and acid-base levels in the blood.

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Kelvin Mallari
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296 views20 pages

Urinary System

The urinary system removes waste from the blood through the kidneys, which filter the blood to form urine. The kidneys contain millions of nephrons that filter the blood, reabsorb useful substances, and secrete waste to produce urine. The urine travels from the nephrons to the ureters, bladder, and urethra to exit the body. The kidneys also regulate water and electrolyte balance and acid-base levels in the blood.

Uploaded by

Kelvin Mallari
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

THE URINARY

SYSTEM

INTRODUCTION
Cellular metabolism produces wastes
CO2
Urea
Ammonia

Kidneys rid the body of most


nitrogenous wastes
Kidneys regulate the chemical makeup of blood

GENERAL FUNCTIONS
Serves as a blood filter
Toxins, metabolic wastes
leave the body in urine
H2O, glucose, and amino
acids are returned to blood

ORGANS OF THE URINARY SYSTEM


Kidneys (paired)
Perform filtering functions and
manufacture urine

Ureters (paired)
Transport urine

Urinary bladder (single)


Stores urine

Urethra (single)
Transports urine

EXTERNAL STRUCTURE OF
THE KIDNEY
Renal capsule
Connective tissue

Renal artery
Blood (oxygenated) to the kidney

Renal vein
Receives blood from kidney

Ureter
Drains urine

INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF
THE KIDNEY
Renal cortex
Renal medulla
Renal pyramids

Renal pelvis
Continuous with ureter

Calyces
Extensions of the pelvis
Function collect urine

STRUCTURE OF THE KIDNEY

Human Anatomy, 3rd edition


Prentice Hall, 2001

BLOOD SUPPLY OF THE


KIDNEY
Approximately of the total blood
supply of the body passes through
the kidneys each minute
Renal artery branches inside the
kidney
Supplies the pyramids and the cortex

Venous blood leaves the cortex and


medulla
Small veins join the renal vein

BLOOD SUPPLY OF THE


KIDNEY

NEPHRONS AND URINE


FORMATION

Nephrons form the urine


product
Filtration
Reabsorption
Secretion

Each kidney contains about


1 million nephrons

STRUCTURE OF A NEPHRON
2 main structures
Glomerulus a knot of capillaries
Renal tubule (about 2 inches long)
Bowmans capsule surrounds the
glomerulus
Proximal convoluted tubule
Henles Loop
Distal convoluted tubule
Renal tubule enters collecting duct
Receives urine from nephrons
Delivers final urine product into the
calyces

A TYPICAL NEPHRON

A TYPICAL NEPHRON

RENAL CORPUSCLES

A RENAL CORPUSCLE

BLOOD SUPPLY OF THE


NEPHRON

URINE FORMATION
Filtration
Blood in afferent arteriole is under high pressure
Glomerulus acts as a filter
Filtrate = the substance that is filtered from the
blood into the renal tubule
Blood leaves the glomerulus through the efferent
arteriole
Reabsorption
Filtrate contains useful substances which are
returned to the blood
Most occurs in the proximal convoluted tubules
Secretion
Substances move from blood (capillaries) into the
filtrate
Important in controlling pH of blood

CONTROL OF BLOOD
COMPOSITION BY KIDNEYS
Excretion of nitrogen-containing compounds
Urea
Uric acid

Water and electrolyte balance


Regulated by hormones
ADH increases water reabsorption
Aldosterone increases sodium reabsorption
Second effect of aldosterone increase water
reabsorption.
Acid-base balance of blood
Blood pH must be 7.35 7.45 (very narrow range)
Tubule cells secrete whatever is necessary into
filtrate
Urine pH = 4.5 8.0

SUMMARY OF URINE FLOW

Kidneys produce urine


Filtration
Reabsorption (active transport)
Secretion

Ureters
Bladder
Urethra

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