PEMERINTAH KOTA MALANG
DINAS PENDIDIKAN
SMA NEGERI 3 MALANG
Jl. Sultan Agung Utara No.7 Telp (0341)324768, Fax (0341)341530
Website : [Link]
E - mail : snbi@[Link]
No. Dok. : CM-7.5-1/MPL/08
Rev: 1
LESSON PLAN
I. Subject Identity
Name of School
Grade
Semester
Program
Subject
Meeting
: Senior High School 3 Malang
: XII
:1
: Science
: Chemistry
:1
II. Standard of Competence
4. To comprehend the organic compound and its reaction, benzene and its derivatives, and
macromolecules
III. Basic Competence
4.1. To describe the structure, writing system, nomenclature, properties, usages, and
identification of carbon compounds
IV. Indicators of Competence Achievement
1. To describe the characteristics of carbon atom( its period, group, valence electron, and
reactions).
2. To identify the existance of hydrocarbon in nature
3. To describe the structure of alkane
4. To explain the rules naming of Alkane
V. Learning Objectives
Students are able to:
1. describe the characteristics of carbon atom( its period, group, valence electron, and reactions).
2. identify the existance of hydrocarbon in nature
3. describe the structure of alkane
4. explain the rules naming of Alkane
VI. Learning Materials
Early scientist defined organic compounds as compounds that originate from
living things. In 1828, however, the German chemist Friedrich Wohler (1800-1882)
made an organic compound called urea, CO(NH2)2, out of an inorganic compound
called ammonium cyanate, NH4CN. Urea is found in the urine mammals. This was the
first time in history that a compound normally made only by living things was made
from a non-living substance. Since Wohler had discovered that organic compounds
can be made without the involvement of a life process, a new definition was
required. Organic compounds are noew defined as compounds that are based on
carbon. They usually contain carbon-carbon and carbon-hydrogen bonds.
A. Carbon Atom
There are several million organic compounds, but only a quarter of million
inorganic compounds (compounds that are not based on carbon). Why are these so
many organic compounds? The answer lies in the bonding properties of carbon.
As shown in figure below, each carbon atom usually forms a total of four
covalent bonds. Thus, a carbon can connect to as many as four other atoms. Carbon
can bond to many other types of atoms, including hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. If
carbon atom bonds to hydrogen or other carbon atoms only is called Hydrocarbon.
Hydrocarbon compounds are usually classified into several types, such as Aliphatic and
Cyclic hydrocarbon. To more understand about this, give attention for the following
scheme.
Hydrocarbon
Aliphatic
Alkane
Alkene
Cyclic
Alkyne
Cycloalkane
Aromatic
Aliphatics is hydrocarbon compounds arranged by opened chain
Cyclic is hydrocarbon compounds arranged by closed chain
B. Alkane
I. Homolog series of Alkane
Alkane is one of aliphatic hydrocarbon which has saturated bonding or single
bond. Alkane has many of compounds, several of them are shown in the following
table.
C
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Chemical Formula
CH4
C2H6
C3H8
C4H10
C5H12
C6H14
C7H16
C8H18
C9H20
C10H22
Name of Alkane
Methane
Ethane
Propane
Butane
Pentane
Hexane
Heptane
Octane
Nonane
Decane
II. Physical Properties of Alkane
Melting point
Boiling point
16
(C)
182
(C)
-162
C2H6
30
-183
-89
propane
C3H8
44
-188
-42
butane
C4H10
58
-138
-0.5
pentane
C5H12
72
-130
36
hexane
C6H14
86
-95
69
heptane
C7H16
100
-91
99
oktane
C8H18
114
-57
126
nonane
C9H20
128
-54
151
dekane
C10H22
142
-30
174
Alkanes
Molecule formula
Mr
methane
CH4
ethane
III. Alkyl group
Alkyl is alkane which 1 of H atom lost. Naming for alkyl is change ane with yl. The
alkyl series will be shown in table below.
Alkane
CH3-H (methane)
CH3-
Alkyl name
Methyl
CH3-CH2-H
CH3-CH2-
Ethyl
CH3-CH2-CH2-
Propyl
CH3-CH2CH3
Isopropyl
(ethane)
CH3-CH2-CH2-H (propane)
Alkyl series
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-H
(butane)
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-
Butyl
CH3-CH2-CHCH3
Sec-butyl
(secondary
buthyl)
Isobutyl
CH3-CH-CH2CH3
CH3
CH3-C-CH3
CH3
Tert-butyl
(tertiery buthyl)
IV. Naming of Alkane
There two ways for naming alkanes, IUPAC and TRIVIAL order. IUPAC name is the
sciencetific name and trivial name is usually used for trading or we usually call common
name.
There are several regulation for IUPAC name. They are:
Find the longest chain (the parent chain)
Identify any branches that are present. Then number the main chain from the end
that gives the lowest number to the first location at which branching occurs.
Identify the location of any branches with numbers. Use the number of carbons in
each branch to name it.
If there are two or more the same type of branch, give each branch a position
number. And then use multiplying prefix es such as di, tri, tetra to indicate the
number of branch.
Put commas between number, and hyphens between numbers and letters
When possible, put number in ascending order.
if there is more than type of branch , name the branches in alphabetical order.
Determine the alphabetical number by using the first letter of the root (methyl or
ethyl) not the multiplying prefix (di, tri, tetra, etc)
If more than one chain could be the main chain (because they are the same length),
choose the chain that has the most branches attached.
VII. Time Allotment
: 2 x 45 minutes
VIII. Learning Model
Student Team Achievment Division (STAD)
IX. Learning Activities
a. Pre-Activities (5 minutes)
- Greeting
- Teacher checks students attendance
b. Main Activities (80 minutes)
- Teacher tells about the hystory of organic compounds.
Teacher give aperception about hydrocarbon compounds at students surrounding by
using power point.
- Teacher divide students into 8 groups.
- Teacher asks the student for discussing and doing worksheet.
- Students make hydrocarbon structure imitation by using molymood.
- Students presentates the answers of the worksheet.
- Teacher gives explaination.
- Teacher gives evaluation test to all the students individually.
- Teacher asks the students collect their evaluation test.
c. Post Activities (5 minutes)
- Teacher asks the students for making conclusions
- Teacher asks the students for studying about the next material
- Greeting
X. Assessment of Learning Outcomes
1. Technique: Individual assignment, group assignment,writing test.
2. Instrument form: test text, subjective answers, discussion.
XI. Learning Sources
1. Kimia SMA kelas XII, JMC. Johari, M. Rachmawati
XI. Learning Media
1. LCD
2. Worksheet
XII. Evaluation
Approved by,
Principal
Malang, October 10th, 2009
Teacher
Ninik Kristiani [Link].
NIP. 132 102 456
Tyan Dini Wahyunita
